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Index Of All Titles


BEST OF

AEQVITI
Aes Formatum
Aes Rude
The Age of Gallienus
Alexander Tetradrachms
Ancient Coin Collecting 101
Ancient Coin Prices 101
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Augustus - Facing Portrait
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Bronze Disease
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ERIC
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XXI

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ERIC Table of Contents


Title Page

Introduction

About Roman Coins

Denominations

Coins of Other Ancient Cultures

Identifying Roman Coins

How To Use This Book

Mintmarks

Mint Map

Pricing And Grading

Bibliography

Reference Catalogs Cited

Coin Terms Used

Glossary

Rarity Tables

Index of Rulers

Photography Credits

Additional Web Resources

Imperial Catalog:

AUGUSTUS
LIVA
AGRIPPA
NERO CLAUDIUS DRUSUS
GERMANICUS
AGRIPPINA I
TIBERIUS
DRUSUS
ANTONIA
CALIGULA
CLAUDIUS I
BRITANNICUS
AGRIPPINA II
NERO
GALBA
CLODIUS MACER
OTHO
VITELLIUS
VESPASIAN
DOMITILLA
TITUS
DOMITIAN
DOMITIA
JULIA TITI
NERVA
TRAJAN
PLOTINA
MARCIANA
MATIDIA
HADRIAN
SABINA
AELIUS
ANTONINUS PIUS
FAUSTINA I
MARCUS AURELIUS
FAUSTINA II
LUCIUS VERUS
LUCILLA
COMMODUS
CRISPINA
PERTINAX
DIDIUS JULIANUS
MANLIA SCANTILLA
DIDIA CLARA
PESCENNIUS NIGER
CLODIUS ALBINUS
SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS
JULIA DOMNA
CARACALLA
PLAUTILLA
GETA
MACRINUS
DIADUMENIAN
ELAGABALUS
JULIA MAESA
JULIA SOAEMIAS
JULIA PAULA
AQUILIA SEVERA
ANNIA FAUSTINA
SEVERUS ALEXANDER
JULIA MAMAEA
ORBIANA
MAXIMINUS I
PAULINA
MAXIMUS
GORDIAN I
GORDIAN II
BALBINUS
PUPIENUS
GORDIAN III
TRANQUILLINA
PHILIP I
OTACILIA SEVERA
PHILIP II
PACATIAN
JOTAPIAN
TRAJAN DECIUS
HERENNIA ETRUSCILLA
HERENNIUS ETRUSCUS
HOSTILIAN
TREBONIANUS GALLUS
VOLUSIAN
AEMILIAN
CORNELIA SUPERA
SILBANNACUS
URANIUS ANTONINUS
VALERIAN I
MARINIANA
VALERIAN II
GALLIENUS
SALONINA
SALONINUS
REGALIANUS
DRYANTILLA
POSTUMUS
LAELIANUS
MARIUS
VICTORINUS
DOMITIAN II
TETRICUS I
TETRICUS II
QUIETUS
MACRIANUS
CLAUDIUS II
QUINTILLUS
AURELIAN
SEVERINA
ZENOBIA
VABALATHUS
TACITUS
FLORIAN
PROBUS
SATURNINUS
CARUS
CARINUS
MAGNIA URBICA
NIGRIAN
NUMERIAN
JULIAN I
DIOCLETIAN
MAXIMIAN
CARAUSIUS
ALLECTUS
DOMITIUS DOMITIANUS
CONSTANTIUS I
THEODORA
GALERIUS
GALERIA VALERIA
SEVERUS II
MAXENTIUS
ROMULUS
CONSTANTINE I
HELENA
FAUSTA
ALEXANDER
LICINIUS I
CONSTANTIA
MAXIMINUS II
LICINIUS II
CRISPUS
VALERIUS VALENS
MARTINIAN
CONSTANTINE II
DELMATIUS
HANNIBALLIANUS
CONSTANS
CONSTANTIUS II
MAGNENTIUS
DECENTIUS
NEPOTIAN
VETRANO
CONSTANTIUS GALLUS
JULIAN II
JOVIAN
VALENTINIAN I
VALENS
PROCOPIUS
GRATIAN
VALENTINIAN II
THEODOSIUS I
AELIA FLACCILLA
MAGNUS MAXIMINUS
FLAVIUS VICTOR
EUGENIUS
HONORIUS
CONSTANTINE III
CONSTANS II
MAXIMINUS
PRISCUS ATTALUS
JOVINUS
SABASTIANUS
CONSTANTIUS III
GALLA PLACIDIA
JOHANNES
VALENTINIAN III
LICINIA EUDOXIA
HONORIA
PETRONIUS MAXIMINUS
AVITUS
MAJORIAN
LIBIUS SEVERUS
ANTHEMIUS
EUPHEMIA
ANICIUS OLYBRIUS
GLYCERIUS
JULIUS NEPOS
ROMULUS AUGUSTUS
ARCADIUS
EUDOXIA
PULCHERIA
THEODOSIUS II
EUDOCIA
MARCIAN
LEO I
VERINA
LEO II
ZENO
ARIADNE
BASILISCUS
ZENONIS
LEONTIUS I
ANASTASIUS I
ANONYMOUS COINAGE

ERIC The Encyclopedia of Roman Imperial Coins
by Rasiel Suarez


Maxentius

Augustus 306-312


The tale of Maxentius is one of the more convoluted accounts of any Roman emperor. It all started when some years before Diocletian came up with his Tetrarchy scheme. Together with Maximian, both were to be Augusti ruling jointly with each overseeing half of the empire. Each in turn named a Caesar as right-hand-man and would succeed the emperor when the latter died. Maximian was the father of Maxentius and, in other times, would have normally been Maximian 's successor but the new ruling format had no place for him. When Diocletian abdicated and forced Maximian to do likewise Maxentius lost all hope. He knew that unless he took action he would be sidelined permanently.

Taking advantage of a growing dissatisfaction within Italy, and particularly Rome, at Galerius 's decision to revoke their tax-free status, Maxentius gathered an empathetic army and had himself declared Caesar. He avoided the title of Augustus because he wanted to make it clear to Constantius Chlorus and Constantine that he was revolting only against Galerius. However, when Constantine was named emperor and failed to warm up to Maxentius he decided to go against both and proclaimed himself emperor at this point.

To make himself seem more legitimate in the eyes of the Roman world he convinced his father to come out of retirement and assume joint rule with him. Galerius would be unable to defeat these forces and retreated back to the east without a conclusive battle. Attention then turned to Constantine but here their luck would turn. In poor judgment, Maximian would go at it alone and distanced himself from Maxentius only to become cannon fodder under Constantine. Maxentius then faced a revolt from the African quarters and was able to put it down but at a high cost to his own popularity. Weakened thus he still had to face Constantine and was defeated in the battle of Milvian Bridge north of Rome.

During the waning years of the Tetrarchy there were more recognized and semi-recognized emperors and caesars than at any other time in Rome 's history. And all these guys made coins honoring each other. But because Maxentius was not quite in the club he missed out on much of this camaraderie and, therefore, had relatively few mints active in his name.

This translates to a comparative scarcity of coins for the period. Although statistically scarcer than his peers, Maxentius 's coins are not that much more expensive all other things being equal. A nice Follis, the most common coin type, will cost about $50-$100 but poor coins can be had for very cheap while showroom, fully-silvered coins will cost hundreds of dollars.

Busts:

1) Bare head left
2) Bare head right
3) Bare headed, draped and cuirassed bust facing
4) Head left, wearing lion skin
5) Head right, wearing lion skin
6) Helmeted, cuirassed bust left
7) Helmeted, cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield
8) Helmeted, cuirassed bust left, holding spear over shoulder and shield.
9) Helmeted, cuirassed bust right, holding spear in each hand
10) Laureate bust left, wearing imperial mantle, holding globe and scepter with eagle atop
11) Laureate bust left, wearing imperial mantle, holding scepter with eagle atop
12) Laureate bust right, wearing imperial mantle, holding scepter with eagle atop
13) Laureate head left
14) Laureate head right
15) Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right
16) Laureate, draped bust right
17) Radiate head right

Obverses:

1) DN MAXENTIVS PRINC
2) IMP C M A VAL MAXENTIVS PF AVG
3) IMP C M VAL MAXENTIVS PF AVG
4) IMP C MAXENTIVS PF AVG
5) IMP C MAXENTIVS PF AVG CONS
6) IMP C MAXENTIVS PF AVG CONS II
7) IMP C MAXENTIVS PF INV AVG
8) IMP MAXENTIVS DIVO CONSTANTIO COGN
9) IMP MAXENTIVS DIVO MAXIMIANO PATRI
10) IMP MAXENTIVS DIVO MAXIMIANO SOCERO
11) IMP MAXENTIVS DIVO ROMVLO N V FILIO
12) IMP MAXENTIVS PF AVG
13) IMP MAXENTIVS PF AVG CONS
14) IMP MAXENTIVS PF AVG CONS II
15) IMP MAXENTIVS PF INV AVG
16) M AVR MAXENTIVS NOB CAES
17) MAXENTIVS PF AVG
18) MAXENTIVS PF INV AVG
19) MAXENTIVS PF INVIC AVG
20) MAXENTIVS PRINC INVICT

Reverses:

1) ADLOCVTIO AVG N
2) AETERNA MEMORIA
3) AETERNAE MEMORIAE
4) AETERNITAS AVG N
5) CONSERV VRB SVAE
6) CONSERVAT VRBIS SVAE
7) CONSERVATOR AFRICAE SVAE
8) CONSERVATOR VRB SVAE
9) CONSERVATOR VRBIS SVAE
10) CONSERVATORES KART SVAE
11) CONSERVATORES VRB SVAE
12) FEL PROCES CONS III AVG N
13) FEL PROCESS CONS III AVG N
14) FELICITAS PVBLICA
15) FELIX KARTHAGO
16) FELIX PROCESS CONSVLAT AVG N
17) FIDES MILITVM
18) FIDES MILITVM AVG N
19) GENIO POP ROM
20) HERCVLI COMITI AVG N
21) HERCVLI COMITI AVGG ET CAES N
22) HERCVLI COMITI AVGG ET CAESS NN
23) HERCVLI COMITI AVGG NN
24) MARTI COMITI AVG N
25) MARTI CONSERV AVGG ET CAESS N
26) MARTI CONSERVAT AVG N
27) MARTI CONSERVATORI AVG N
28) MARTI PACIFERO AVG N
29) MARTI PATRI CONSERVATORI
30) MARTI PROPAG IMP AVG N
31) MARTI PROPAGATORI AVG N
32) MARTI VICTORI AVG N
33) PAX AETERNA AVG N
34) PIETAS AVGG ET CAES N
35) PRINCIPI IMPERII
36) PRINCIPI IMPERII ROMANI
37) PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS
38) ROMA AETERNA
39) ROMAE AETERNAE AVCTRICI AVG N
40) SAECVLI FELIC AVG N
41) SAECVLI FELICITAS AVG N
42) SALVIS AVGG ET CAESS FEL KART
43) TEMPORVM FELICITAS AVG N
44) VICTOR OMNIVM GENTIVM AVG N
45) VICTORIA AETERNA AVG N
46) VICTORIA AVG N
47) VIRTVS AVG N
48) VIRTVS MILITVM
49) VOT OPTATA ROMAE FEL
50) No legend

Types:

1) Africa standing, facing, holding standard and elephant tusk; lion and bull to lower left.
2) City gate with (3) turrets
3) Carthago standing, facing, holding fruits in each hand
4) Castor and Pollux standing, facing, each holding scepter and leading a horse by bridle in between them.
5) Castor and Pollux standing, facing, each holding scepter and leading a horse by bridle in between them; wolf suckling Romulus and Remus below.
6) Felicitas standing left, leaning on column and with crossed legs, holding caduceus.
7) Fides seated, facing, holding standard in each hand.
8) Fides standing, facing, holding standard in each hand.
9) Genius standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding cornucopia.
10) Hercules standing left, wrestling lion.
11) Hercules standing, facing, resting hand on club and holding bow with lion skin.
12) Mars advancing left, holding branch and spear with shield.
13) Mars advancing right, holding branch and trophy.
14) Mars advancing right, holding spear and shield.
15) Mars advancing right, holding spear and shield; captive to right.
16) Mars advancing right, holding spear and trophy with shield
17) Mars dragging captive right, holding spear with shield.
18) Mars standing right, holding spear and resting hand on shield.
19) Mars standing right, raising hand and holding spear, facing woman to right; wolf suckling Romulus and Remus in between them.
20) Mars standing right, spearing enemy; seated captive to left.
21) Maxentius riding elephant quadriga left, raising hand and holding scepter; Victory hovering above.
22) Maxentius riding horse right over two captives, holding spear and shield.
23) Maxentius riding horse right, raising hand and holding spear, led by bridle by Mars, holding trophy.
24) Maxentius riding oncoming chariot with six horses, raising hand
25) Maxentius riding oncoming quadriga, raising hand.
26) Maxentius seated left on right, receiving globe from Victory on left.
27) Maxentius standing left on platform, accompanied by lictors, facing several soldiers below.
28) Maxentius standing left on right, holding scepter and receiving globe from Roma seated to left, holding scepter
29) Maxentius standing left on right, holding scepter, facing Mars to left, holding Victory and resting hand on shield.
30) Maxentius standing left, holding globe and scepter
31) Maxentius standing right on left, holding scepter and receiving globe from Roma seated to right, holding scepter
32) Maxentius standing right on left, receiving Victory on globe from Mars to right, holding trophy; captive in between them.
33) Maxentius standing right, holding shield reading VOT / X on cippus; seated captive to left.
34) Maxentius standing right, holding shield reading VOT / XX / FEL on cippus; seated captive to left.
35) Maxentius standing right, holding shield reading VOT / XX on cippus; seated captive to left.
36) Maxentius standing, facing, holding globe and spear; seated captive to left.
37) Maxentius standing, facing, holding globe and wand.
38) Pietas standing, facing, raising hand and holding baby; child to left.
39) Roma seated left on chair, holding Victory on globe and scepter.
40) Roma seated left on shield, holding Victory on globe and scepter.
41) Temple with (4) columns, Maxentius standing right on left within, stepping on captive, holding scepter and receiving globe from Roma seated on right, holding scepter.
42) Temple with (4) columns, Roma seated within, holding globe and scepter.
43) Temple with (4) columns, Roma seated within, holding globe and scepter; being crowned by Victory, holding palm.
44) Temple with (6) columns, Carthago within, holding fruits in each hand.
45) Temple with (6) columns, Roma seated within, holding globe and scepter.
46) Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm.
47) Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm; seated captive to left.
48) Victory advancing right, holding wreath and palm.
49) Victory standing left on globe, holding wreath and palm; seated captive to left.
50) Victory standing right, holding shield on cippus
51) Victory standing right, stepping on cippus, holding shield reading VOT / IS / X
52) Victory standing right, stepping on cippus, holding shield reading VOT / V
53) Victory standing right, stepping on cippus, holding shield reading VOT / X; seated captive to left.
54) Victory standing right, stepping on cippus, holding shield reading VOT / XX / FEL; seated captive to left.
55) Victory standing, facing, holding wreath and palm; captives by feet.
56) Wolf standing left, suckling Romulus and Remus
57) Wolf standing right, suckling Romulus and Remus
58) Wreath, VOT / QQ / MVL / X / FEL within
59) Wreath, VOT / QQ / MVL / X within
60) Wreath, VOT / QQ / MVL / XX within
61) Wreath, VOT / X / FEL within.

Mints:

1) Aquileia
2) Karthago
3) Lugdunum
4) Ostia
5) Roma
6) Ticinum
7) Treveri

AU Medallion Reference(s)

1) B01, O03, R09, T40, M5 Exe: `R Four Aurei weight
2) B01, O03, R36, T16, M5 Exe: `R Four Aurei weight RIC 172 (VI, Roma)
3) B02, O03, R25, T14, M2 Exe: `K Four Aurei weight
4) B02, O03, R39, T28, M5 Exe: `R Eight Aurei weight RIC 173 (VI, Roma)
5) B04, O12, R08, T31, M5 Exe: `*R Two Aurei weight RIC 166 (VI, Roma)

AU Binio

6) B17, O12, R16, T30, M5 Exe: `*R RIC 169 (VI, Roma)
7) B17, O12, R20, T11, M5 Exe: `R RIC 171 (VI, Roma)

AU Aureus

8) B14, O17, R20, T11, M5 Exe: `R RIC 181 (VI, Roma)
9) B14, O20, R25, T14, M5 Exe: E/`R RIC 140 (VI, Roma)

AR Argenteus

10) B03, O17, R43, T57, M5 Exe: `R RIC 191 (VI, Roma)
11) B14, O17, R09, T45, M5 Exe: `R RIC 187 (VI, Roma)

AE Follis

12) B05, O17, R50, T61, M5 Exe: R` RIC 241 (VI, Roma)
13) B08, O04, R04, T05, M4 Exe: MOST` RIC 37 (VI, Ostia)
14) B08, O04, R18, T08, M4 Exe: MOST` RIC 47 (VI, Ostia)
15) B08, O17, R45, T53, M5 Exe: R` RIC 227 (VI, Roma)
16) B10, O05, R05, T45, M6 Exe: `T RIC 103 (VI, Ticinum)
17) B11, O05, R05, T45, M1 Exe: AQ` RIC 124 (VI, Aquileia)
18) B12, O06, R05, T45, M1 Exe: AQ` RIC 125 (VI, Aquileia)
19) B12, O06, R05, T45, M5 Exe: RQ` RIC 127 (VI, Roma)
20) B14, O04, R04, T05, M4 Exe: MOST` RIC 35 (VI, Ostia)
21) B14, O04, R05, T41, M1 Exe: AQ` RIC 113 (VI, Aquileia)
22) B14, O04, R05, T45, M1 Exe: AQ` RIC 121a (VI, Aquileia)
23) B14, O04, R05, T45, M5 Exe: RB` RIC 210 (VI, Roma)
24) B14, O04, R05, T45, M5 Exe: RE` RIC 258 (VI, Roma)
25) B14, O04, R10, T44, M2 Exe: `K RIC 60 (VI, Carthago)
26) B14, O04, R11, T45, M5 Exe: R*` RIC 198a (VI, Roma)
27) B14, O04, R12, T21, M5 Exe: RB` RIC 215 (VI, Roma)
28) B14, O04, R18, T08, M4 Exe: MOST` RIC 45 (VI, Ostia)
29) B14, O04, R45, T46, M4 Exe: MOST` RIC 54 (VI, Ostia)
30) B14, O04, R46, T47, M5 Exe: RB` RIC 273 (VI, Roma)
31) B14, O17, R05, T45, M6 Exe: `T RIC 100 (VI, Ticinum)
32) B14, O17, R45, T53, M5 Exe: R` RIC 227 (VI, Roma)
33) B14, O17, R50, T60, M5 Exe: R` RIC 238 (VI, Roma)
34) B15, O04, R05, T41, M1 Exe: AQ` RIC 114 (VI, Aquileia)
35) B15, O17, R05, T45, M5 Exe: R`

Maxentius Busts

Maxentius Types



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