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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Themes & Provenance| ▸ |Gods, Olympians| ▸ |Ares or Mars||View Options:   | | | God of war and bloodshed. Symbols include the boar and the spear. Son of Zeus and Hera. |
Mars was the god of war and also an agricultural guardian. He was the father of Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome. In early Rome, he was second in importance only to Jupiter, and the most prominent of the military gods in the religion of the Roman army. Most of his festivals were held in March, the month named for him (Latin Martius), and in October, which began and ended the season for military campaigning and farming.RS99557. Silver antoninianus, RIC IV 177b, RSC IV 15 (S), Hunter III 3, SRCV III 9556, aVF, uneven toning, edge split/cracks, rough, weight 3.109 g, maximum diameter 22.6 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, as caesar, 250 - early 251 A.D.; obverse C VALENS HOSTIL MES QVINTVS N C, radiate and draped bust right; reverse MARTI PROPVGNATORI (to Mars the defender), Mars advancing right, helmeted and wearing military garb, paludamentum flying behind, transverse spear in right hand, shield on left arm; from the M. Arslan Collection; scarce;
Vespasian, 1 July 69 - 24 June 79 A.D.
In 77 A.D., Pliny the Elder published the first ten books of Naturalis Historia.RS99555. Silver denarius, RIC II-1 937; RSC II 125; BMCRE II 200; BnF III 177; SRCV I 2288, F/aF, toned, weight 3.125 g, maximum diameter 19.0 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 77 - 78 A.D.; obverse IMP CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG, laureate head right; reverse COS VIII, Mars standing left, nude but for helmet and chlamys, spear in right hand, trophy in left; from the M. Arslan Collection;
Gaziura, Pontos, c. 105 - 85 B.C.
Pontos was a region on the southern coast of the Black Sea in the modern-day Turkey. Gaziura was a town in Pontus, on the river Iris, near the point where its course turns northwards. It was the ancient residence of the kings of Pontus, but in Strabo's time, less than 100 years after this coin was struck, Gaziura was deserted. Today the site of the ancient city is uncertain.GB99013. Bronze AE 22, SNG BM 1268; SNG Stancomb 718; BMC Pontus p. 30, 2; Rec Gen p. 83, 6; HGC 7 266 (R1), gF, dark green/brown patina, pitting, scratches, weight 6.661 g, maximum diameter 21.5 mm, die axis 0o, Pontus, Gaziura (possibly Turhal, Turkey) mint, under Mithradates VI, c. 105 - 85 B.C.; obverse head of Ares right in crested helmet; reverse sword in sheath with strap, ΓAZI-OYPΩN divided across field; rare;
Lucius Verus, 7 March 161 - February 169 A.D.
Mars, the god of war, was, according to the common belief of the ancients, the son of Jupiter and of Juno; or as some of the later poets have pretended, the son of Juno, by whom solely he was generated, as the goddess Minerva was brought forth from Jupiter alone. Mars was regarded as a great leader in battle; as presiding over discord and contest, everywhere exciting slaughter and war. Although this divinity had numerous adorers in Greece and in many other countries, there was no place where his worship became more popular than in Rome.RS99250. Silver denarius, RIC III MA514, RSC II 228, BMCRE IV MA284, Hunter II 14, SRCV II 5355 var. (bare head right), F, well centered, toned, light marks, scratches, tiny edge cracks, weight 3.244 g, maximum diameter 18.0 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, Dec 163 - Dec 164 A.D.; obverse L VERVS AVG ARMENIACVS, laureate and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse TR P IIII IMP II COS II, Mars standing half right, reversed spear in right hand, resting left on grounded shield;
Amisos, Pontos, c. 105 - 85 B.C.
Amisos was settled c. 760 - 750 B.C. by people from Miletus, who established a flourishing trade relationship with the ancient peoples of Anatolia. When this coin was struck Amisos was part of the Kingdom of Pontus. The city came under Roman control in 47 B.C. Amisos today is Samsun, a city of about half a million people on the north coast of Turkey.GB99018. Bronze AE 21, SNG Cop 155, SNG Stancomb 680; HGC 7 241; SNG BM 1165 var. (no right side monograms), BMC Pontus p. 17, 50 var. (same), gVF, dark patina, highlighting earthen deposits, flan adjustment marks, tight flan, mild porosity, weight 8.072 g, maximum diameter 21.1 mm, die axis 0o, Amisos (Samsun, Turkey) mint, struck under Mithradates VI, c. 105 - 85 B.C.; obverse head of Ares right in crested helmet; reverse sword in sheath with strap, AMI-ΣOY divided across field, star in crescent upper left, IB upper right,
lower left, monogram lower right; Sinope, Paphlagonia, c. 105 - 85 B.C.
Sinope, founded from Miletus about 630 B.C., was a flourishing city, preeminent in Paphlagonia. In 183 B.C. it was captured by Pharnaces I and became the capital of the kingdom of Pontus. Lucullus conquered Sinope for Rome in 70, and Julius Caesar established a Roman colony there, Colonia Julia Felix, in 47 B.C.GB99015. Bronze AE 21, SNG BM Black Sea 1528; SNG Stancomb 795; Rec Gén p. 196, 67; BMC Pontus p. 100, 50; HGC 7 418, gVF, dark green patina, porous, a few pits, off center, weight 7.378 g, maximum diameter 20.5 mm, die axis 0o, Sinope (Sinop, Turkey) mint, struck under Mithradates VI, c. 105 - 85 B.C.; obverse head of Ares right in crested helmet; reverse sword in sheath with strap, ΣINΩ−ΠHΣ divided across field;
Amisos, Pontos, c. 105 - 85 B.C.
Amisos was settled c. 760 - 750 B.C. by people from Miletus, who established a flourishing trade relationship with the ancient peoples of Anatolia. Amisos came under the rule of the Persian Empire, Alexander the Great's Macedonian Empire, and then the Kingdom of Pontus. The Romans took control in 47 B.C. and Amisos remained within the Byzantine Empire after the fall of Rome. In 1200, the city was captured by the Seljuks, to be later taken over by the Ilhanlilar. Amisos today is Samsun, a city of about half a million people on the north coast of Turkey.GB99016. Bronze AE 21, SNG BM Black Sea 1149; SNG Stancomb 676; SNG Cop 148; SNGvA 64; Rec Gén p. 54, 29; BMC Pontus p. 17, 40; HGC 7 241, gF, dark green patina, scratches, small edge split, weight 7.284 g, maximum diameter 20.6 mm, die axis 0o, Amisos (Samsun, Turkey) mint, struck under Mithradates VI, c. 105 - 85 B.C.; obverse helmeted head of young Ares right; reverse sword in sheath with strap, AMI-ΣOY divided across field;
Romano-British Empire, Carausius, Mid 286 - Spring or Early Summer 293 A.D.
Although Ares was viewed by the Greeks primarily as destructive and destabilizing, worthy of contempt and revulsion, for the Romans, Mars was a father (pater) of the Roman people. He was the father of Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome. In early Rome, he was second in importance only to Jupiter, and the most prominent of the military gods in the religion of the Roman army. Most of his festivals were held in March, the month named for him (Latin Martius), and in October, which began and ended the season for military campaigning and farming.RA73268. Billon antoninianus, RIC V-2 844 (S), Webb 940, Hunter IV -, SRCV IV -, aF, well centered, nice green patina, weight 3.971 g, maximum diameter 22.1 mm, die axis 180o, uncertain British mint, c. mid 286 - 287; obverse IMP CARAVSIVS P AVG, radiate and draped bust right, early reign "moustache" portrait; reverse MARS VICTOR (Mars the Victor), Mars advancing right, nude except for helmet and cloak tied in belt at waist and flying behind, transverse spear in right hand, trophy of captured arms over left shoulder in left hand, no field marks, nothing in exergue; from the Charles Peters Carausius Collection; scarce;
Gallienus, August 253 - September 268 A.D.
Mars is usually depicted nude and Virtus in military garb, but this figure is identified as Mars because it appears to be male.RA94172. Billon antoninianus, Göbl MIR 636a, RSC IV 1322, Cunetio 1278, Normanby 264, SRCV III 10416, RIC V-1 S330 (S) corr. (obv. leg.), Hunter IV - (p. lxiv), aVF, tight flan cutting off much of legend, ragged edge, weight 1.953 g, maximum diameter 18.5 mm, die axis 180o, 10th offficina, Rome mint, 261 - 262 A.D.; obverse GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right; reverse VIRTVS AVGVSTI (to the valor of the Emperor), Mars (or Virtus) standing left, helmeted, right foot on helmet, wearing military garb, olive branch in right hand, inverted spear in left, foot on helmet, X left; scarce;
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