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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Themes & Provenance| ▸ |Gods, Olympians| ▸ |Ares or Mars||View Options:   | | | God of war and bloodshed. Symbols include the boar and the spear. Son of Zeus and Hera. |
Consular busts are scarce for this dynasty.RA93244. Billon antoninianus, Bastien 562 (3 spec. cited), RIC V-2 -, Cohen VI -, SRCV III -, Hunter V -, La Venčra -, Choice aVF, well centered, flow lines, tiny encrustations, scattered light porosity, weight 3.080 g, maximum diameter 22.85 mm, die axis 0o, Lugdunum (Lyon, France) mint, 6th emission, c. 284 A.D.; obverse IMP C NVMERIANVS AVG, radiate bust wearing imperial mantle right, eagle-tipped scepter in right hand; reverse MARS VICTOR (Mars the Victor), Mars advancing right, nude except for helmet and cloak tied in belt at waist and flying behind, transverse spear in right hand, trophy over left shoulder in left hand, C in right field; very rare; $420.00 (€386.40)
Roman Republic, Ti. Veturius, 137 B.C.
This type revived the reverse of gold coinage issued in 217 - 216 B.C. and broke a 75-year tradition of denarii with Roma obverses and Dioscuri or chariot reverses. The reverse depicts preparation for a sacrifice, part of the oath-taking ritual performed when treaties or agreements were made between the Italian peoples, cities and states.RR93655. Silver denarius, Crawford 234/1, Sydenham 527, RSC I Veturia 1, Russo RBW 969, BMCRR Rome 550, SRCV I 111, aVF, attractive toning, well centered on a flan with a ragged irregular edge with small splits, weight 3.917 g, maximum diameter 20.6 mm, die axis 90o, Rome mint, 137 B.C.; obverse draped bust of Mars right in a crested Corinthian helmet ornamented with a plum on each side, X (mark of value) between neck and end of crest, TI·VET (VET in monogram) downward behind; reverse Oath-taking scene, attendant kneeling in center and holding sacrificial pig, flanked by two warriors facing inward, each with sword touching pig in right hand, and spear vertical in left hand, ROMA above; from the Errett Bishop Collection;
Severus Alexander, 13 March 222 - March 235 A.D.
In 231, Severus Alexander accompanied his mother Julia Mamaea to Syria and campaigned against the Persians. Military command rested in the hands of his generals, but his presence gave additional weight to the empire's policy. The Romans were defeated and withdrew to Syria. After heavy losses on both sides, a truce was signed accepting the status quo. In 233, Alexander celebrated a triumph in Rome to commemorate his "victory."RB89054. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC IV 635, BMCRE VI 843, Cohen IV 163, Hunter III 163, SRCV II 7979, VF, dark patina, centered on an oval flan, small edge cracks, slight double strike, weight 20.911 g, maximum diameter 33.6 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 231 - 235 A.D.; obverse IMP ALEXANDER PIVS AVG, laureate,draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse MARS VLTOR (Mars the avenger), Mars advancing right in military garb, spear transverse in right hand, shield in left hand, S - C (senatus consulto) flanking across field; ex John Jencek; $140.00 (€128.80)
Constantine the Great, Early 307 - 22 May 337 A.D.
Although Ares was viewed by the Greeks primarily as destructive and destabilizing, worthy of contempt and revulsion, for the Romans, Mars was a father (pater) of the Roman people. He was the father of Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome. In early Rome, he was second in importance only to Jupiter, and the most prominent of the military gods in the religion of the Roman army. Most of his festivals were held in March, the month named for him (Latin Martius), and in October, which began and ended the season for military campaigning and farming.RL96901. Billon follis, RIC VI Treveri 776, SRCV V 16008, Cohen VII 368, Hunter V -, aVF, green patina, light earthen deposits, scratches, light scrape on obverse, weight 5.801 g, maximum diameter 25.6 mm, die axis 180o, 1st officina, Treveri (Trier, Germany) mint, 307 - 308 A.D.; obverse IMP CONSTANTINVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right, from front; reverse MARTI PATRI PROPVGNATORI (to Mars the Defending Father), Mars advancing right, nude but for crested helmet and chlamys over shoulders and flying behind, spear in right hand, shield in left hand, S left, A right, PTR in exergue; $110.00 (€101.20)
Galerius, 1 March 305 - 5 May 311 A.D.
In 294, Galerius, caesar in the Balkans, proved his worth campaigning on the Danube frontier, fighting the Goths, Marcomanni, Sarmatians, and Carpi. Galerius was assigned the job of land reclamation and repopulation, moving the entire tribe of the Carpi to settlements within the Roman Empire.RA92335. Billon antoninianus, Bastien XI 657 (9 examples), RIC V-2 Lugdunum 692 (C), SRCV IV 14317, Cohen VI 211, Hunter IV -, VF, well centered, traces of silvering, flow lines, bumps and marks, scattered mild porosity, weight 4.222 g, maximum diameter 23.1 mm, die axis 0o, officina 2, Lugdunum (Lyon, France) mint, as caesar, 294 A.D.; obverse MAXIMIANVS NOB C, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse VIRTVS AVGG (valor of the two emperors), Mars standing slightly left, head left, wearing helmet and military garb, resting right hand on grounded shield, inverted spear in left hand, B in exergue; RIC V lists as common but market evidence indicates they type is at least scarce; $90.00 (€82.80)
Gallienus, August 253 - September 268 A.D.
Gallienus paid particular adoration to Mars. He raised a temple to the worship of Mars in the Circus Flaminius and called the god Propugnator (champion or defender). "Mars the Pacifier" may be seen as ironic today, but the Romans knew that victory in war (hopefully including the total destruction of your enemy) is an effective way to achieve peace.RA94171. Billon antoninianus, Göbl MIR 570w, RSC IV 618c, RIC V-1 S236, SRCV III 10288, Hunter IV S67 var. (no drapery), VF/F, dark brown tone, full legends, flow lines, weight 4.102 g, maximum diameter 22.3 mm, die axis 180o, 1st officina, Rome mint, c. 264 - 266 A.D.; obverse GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right; reverse MARTI PACIFERO (to Mars the peacemaker), Mars standing slightly left, head left, wearing helmet and military garb, raising olive branch in right hand, left hand resting on grounded shield, spear leaning on left arm, A (with open top, appearing as H) in left field; $70.00 (€64.40)
Gallienus, August 253 - September 268 A.D.
Mars is usually depicted nude and Virtus in military garb, but this figure is identified as Mars because it appears to be male.RA94172. Billon antoninianus, Göbl MIR 636a, RSC IV 1322, Cunetio 1278, Normanby 264, SRCV III 10416, RIC V-1 S330 (S) corr. (obv. leg.), Hunter IV - (p. lxiv), aVF, tight flan cutting off much of legend, ragged edge, weight 1.953 g, maximum diameter 18.5 mm, die axis 180o, 10th offficina, Rome mint, 261 - 262 A.D.; obverse GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right; reverse VIRTVS AVGVSTI (to the valor of the Emperor), Mars (or Virtus) standing left, helmeted, right foot on helmet, wearing military garb, olive branch in right hand, inverted spear in left, foot on helmet, X left; scarce; $70.00 (€64.40)
Romano-British Empire, Carausius, Mid 286 - Spring or Early Summer 293 A.D.
Virtus was a specific virtue in ancient Rome. It carried connotations of valor, manliness, excellence, courage, character, and worth, perceived as masculine strengths (from Latin vir, "man"). Virtus applied exclusively to a man's behavior in the public sphere, that is to the application of duty to the res publica in the cursus honorum. Private business was no place to earn virtus, even when it involved courage or feats of arms or other good qualities. There could be no virtue in exploiting one's manliness in the pursuit of personal wealth, for example. It was thus a frequently stated virtue of Roman emperors and was personified as the deity Virtus.RA73256. Billon antoninianus, Webb Carausius 1172, RIC V-2 1040 (R), Hunter IV -, SRCV IV -, Burton Latimer -, Bicester -, F, green patina, obverse slightly off center, earthen deposits, scratches, weight 2.586 g, maximum diameter 20.8 mm, die axis 225o, unmarked mint, c. mid 286 - 287; obverse IMP CARAVSIVS P AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse VIRTVS AVG (courage of the Emperor), Virtus (or Mars) standing right, helmeted and draped, spear vertical in left hand, right hand resting on large grounded shield, no mint marks; from the Charles Peters Carausius Collection; rare; $60.00 (€55.20)
Romano-British Empire, Carausius, Mid 286 - Spring or Early Summer 293 A.D.
Although Ares was viewed by the Greeks primarily as destructive and destabilizing, worthy of contempt and revulsion, for the Romans, Mars was a father (pater) of the Roman people. He was the father of Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome. In early Rome, he was second in importance only to Jupiter, and the most prominent of the military gods in the religion of the Roman army. Most of his festivals were held in March, the month named for him (Latin Martius), and in October, which began and ended the season for military campaigning and farming.RA73268. Billon antoninianus, RIC V-2 844 (S), Webb 940, Hunter IV -, SRCV IV -, aF, well centered, nice green patina, weight 3.971 g, maximum diameter 22.1 mm, die axis 180o, uncertain British mint, c. mid 286 - 287; obverse IMP CARAVSIVS P AVG, radiate and draped bust right, early reign "moustache" portrait; reverse MARS VICTOR (Mars the Victor), Mars walking right, transverse spear in right hand, trophy over shoulder in left, no field marks, nothing in exergue; from the Charles Peters Carausius Collection; scarce; $60.00 (€55.20)
Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D.
In 279, Probus defeated the Burgundians and Vandals in Raetia and Pannonia (modern Switzerland and Hungary). RA87907. Billon antoninianus, Cohen VI 337, RIC V-2 83 corr. (neither this bust nor 1st officina listed), Hunter IV -, SRCV III -, Choice VF, full circles centering, much silvering, some porosity, weight 3.783 g, maximum diameter 24.3 mm, die axis 0o, 1st officina, Lugdunum (Lyon, France) mint, 278 - 279 A.D.; obverse IMP C M AVR PROBVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse MARS VICTOR (Mars the Victor), Mars advancing right, nude but for helmet and chlamys tied on belt at waist and flying behind, transverse spear in right hand, trophy over shoulder in left hand; ex Beast Coins; rare variety; $60.00 (€55.20)
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