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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Themes & Provenance| ▸ |Personifications| ▸ |Foresight||View Options:  |  |  |   
Providence (Providentia)

Commodus, March or April 177 - 31 December 192 A.D.

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Felicitas was the goddess of good luck and success. She was a prominent symbol of wealth and prosperity and, during the Empire, she played an important role in Rome's state religion. Since it was considered the duty of the emperor to promote public happiness, almost every emperor struck coins dedicated to Felicitas.
RS92466. Silver denarius, RIC III 65, BMCRE IV 111, RSC II 905, Hunter II -, SRCV II -, Choice gVF, nice portrait, dark old collection toning, flow lines, edge cracks, weight 2.611 g, maximum diameter 17.1 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 183 A.D.; obverse M COMMODVS ANTON AVG PIVS, laureate head right; reverse TR P VIII IMP VI COS IIII P P, Providentia standing slightly left, head left, wand in right hand held over globe at feet on left, long scepter vertical in left; from the Errett Bishop Collection; $185.00 (€162.80)
 


Romano-British Empire, Carausius, Mid 286 - Spring or Early Summer 293 A.D.

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In The Reign and Coinage of Carausius, Percy Webb wrote that for Carausius, "...the type Providentia appears with some twenty-four varieties of reverse legend, while the joint effect of obverse and reverse variations of legend and type is to produce upwards of eighty varieties of coins dedicated to that divinity."RA73496. Billon antoninianus, RIC V-2 364 (S), SRCV IV 13683, Webb Carausius 420, Hunter IV - (p. ccvi), Askew -, Bicester -, Linchmere -, Carausius Hoard -, Burton Latimer -, aVF, well centered, green patina, rough from corrosion, weight 3.096 g, maximum diameter 22.3 mm, die axis 225o, Camulodunum (Colchester, England) mint, 292 - 293 A.D.; obverse IMP C CARAVSIVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, late reign tetrarchic portrait type; reverse PROVID AVGGG (the foresight of the three emperors), Providentia standing half left, staff in right hand grounded between feet and globe on the ground left, cornucopia in left hand, S-P flanking low across field, C in exergue; from the Charles Peters Carausius Collection; scarce; $150.00 (€132.00)
 


Romano-British Empire, Carausius, Mid 286 - Spring or Early Summer 293 A.D.

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In The Reign and Coinage of Carausius, Percy Webb wrote that for Carausius, "...the type Providentia appears with some twenty-four varieties of reverse legend, while the joint effect of obverse and reverse variations of legend and type is to produce upwards of eighty varieties of coins dedicated to that divinity."RA73503. Billon antoninianus, RIC V-2 152 (R2), SRCV IV 13697, Webb Carausius 178, Bourne 33, Askew 183, Hunter IV - (p. ccii), aVF, good portrait, mottled green patina, tight flan, rough, pitting smoothed to remove corrosion, weight 3.526 g, maximum diameter 21.9 mm, die axis 180o, Londinium (London, England) mint, 292 - 293 A.D.; obverse IMP C CARAVSIVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse PROVIDEN AVGGG (the foresight of the three emperors), Providentia standing left with baton and cornucopia, globe at feet left, S - P across fields, MLXXI in exergue; from the Charles Peters Carausius Collection; rare; $150.00 (€132.00)
 


Romano-British Empire, Carausius, Mid 286 - Spring or Early Summer 293 A.D.

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In The Reign and Coinage of Carausius, Percy Webb wrote that for Carausius, "...the type Providentia appears with some twenty-four varieties of reverse legend, while the joint effect of obverse and reverse variations of legend and type is to produce upwards of eighty varieties of coins dedicated to that divinity."RA73262. Billon antoninianus, RIC V-2 347, SRCV IV 13679, Webb Carausius -, Hunter IV - (p. ccvi), Bourne Carausius -, Linchmere -, Burton Latimer -, Bicester -, VF/F, choice obverse - well centered and nice portrait, weak reverse, green patina, light corrosion, weight 3.601 g, maximum diameter 23.1 mm, die axis 180o, Camulodunum (Colchester, England) mint, c. mid 292 - early summer 293; obverse IMP C CARAVSIVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, middle/tetrarchic portrait; reverse PROVID AVG (the foresight of the Emperor), Providentia standing left, grounded staff in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, S-P in fields, C in exergue; from the Charles Peters Carausius Collection; $145.00 (€127.60)
 


Lucius Verus, 7 March 161 - February 169 A.D.

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In late summer or fall of 161, Vologases IV of Parthia captured the Roman client Kingdom of Armenia, expelled its king and installed his own; Pacorus, an Arsacid like himself. In 162, Lucius Verus began the war to recover Armenia and exact vengeance for Parthia's invasions of Armenia and Syria. The Armenian capital Artaxata was recovered in 163. At the end of 163, Verus took the title Armeniacus, despite having never personally seen combat. Marcus Aurelius initially declined to accept the title, but accepted it in 164.
RS92457. Silver denarius, RIC III 491, RSC II156, BMCRE IV 229, Hunter II 8, SRCV II 5354, Choice F, well centered, flow lines, edge cracks, weight 3.279 g, maximum diameter 17.7 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 162 - 163 A.D.; obverse IMP L VERVS AVG, bare head right; reverse PROV DEOR TR P III COS II (to the providence of the gods, holder of Tribunitian power for 3 years, consul 2 times), Providentia standing half left, globe in extended right hand, cornucopia in left hand; from the Errett Bishop Collection; $130.00 (€114.40)
 


Caracalla, 28 January 198 - 8 April 217 A.D.

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In 212 A.D. construction began on the Baths of Caracalla in Rome. These were the second largest Roman public baths, or thermae. Completed in 217 A.D. They would have had to install over 2,000 tons of material every day for six years in order to complete it in this time. Records show that the idea for the baths were drawn up by Septimius Severus, and merely completed or opened in the lifetime of Caracalla. This would allow for a longer construction time-frame. They are today a tourist attraction.RS88434. Silver denarius, RIC IV 227, RSC III 529, BMCRE V 99, Hunter III 20, SRCV II 6879, Choice VF, excellent portrait, full borders on a broad flan, flow lines, toned, small edge splits, weight 3.641 g, maximum diameter 20.3 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 210 - 213; obverse ANTONINVS PIVS AVG BRIT, laureate head right; reverse PROVIDENTIAE DEORVM (providence of the Gods), Providentia standing half left, wand in right over globe at feet, long scepter vertical in left; ex Harlan J Berk, ex Seaby with round tag handwritten by David Sear c. 1966; $120.00 (€105.60)
 


Lucius Verus, 7 March 161 - February 169 A.D.

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In late summer or fall of 161, Vologases IV of Parthia captured the Roman client Kingdom of Armenia, expelled its king and installed his own; Pacorus, an Arsacid like himself. In 162, Lucius Verus began the war to recover Armenia and exact vengeance for Parthia's invasions of Armenia and Syria. The Armenian capital Artaxata was recovered in 163. At the end of 163, Verus took the title Armeniacus, despite having never personally seen combat. Marcus Aurelius initially declined to accept the title, but accepted it in 164.
RS92458. Silver denarius, RIC III 491, RSC II156, BMCRE IV 229, Hunter II 8, SRCV II 5354, Cohen 156, VF/F, toned, flow lines, weight 3.266 g, maximum diameter 17.4 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 162 - 163 A.D.; obverse IMP L VERVS AVG, bare head right; reverse PROV DEOR TR P III COS II (to the providence of the gods, holder of Tribunitian power for 3 years, consul 2 times), Providentia standing half left, globe in extended right hand, cornucopia in left hand; from the Errett Bishop Collection; $120.00 (€105.60)
 


Caracalla, 28 January 198 - 8 April 217 A.D.

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Providentia is the personification of the ability to foresee and to make provision for the future. This ability was considered essential for the emperor and providentia was among the embodiments of virtues that were part of the imperial cult. Cicero said that providentia, memoria (memory) and intellegentia (understanding) are the three main components of prudentia, the knowledge what is good or bad or neither.
RB92486. Bronze as, RIC IV 519 (S); Hunter III 83; BMCRE V p. 412, 259; Cohen IV 533, SRCV II -, VF, nice style, corrosion, small edge splits, weight 9.631 g, maximum diameter 25.5 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 211 - 213 A.D.; obverse ANTONINVS PIVS AVG BRIT, laureate head right; reverse PROVIDENTIAE DEORVM (to the foresight of the gods), Providentia standing facing, head left, baton in right hand held over globe at feet, long scepter vertical in left hand, S - C (senatus consulto) flanking low across field; from the Errett Bishop Collection; scarce; $120.00 (€105.60)
 


Tacitus, 25 September 275 - June 276 A.D.

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Providentia is the personification of the ability to foresee and to make provision for the future. This ability was considered essential for the emperor and providentia was among the embodiments of virtues that were part of the imperial cult. Cicero said that providentia, memoria (memory) and intellegentia (understanding) are the three main components of prudentia, the knowledge what is good or bad or neither.RA87238. Silvered antoninianus, MER-RIC 3474 (87 spec.), RIC V-1 92, Venèra 7-37, BnF XII 1555, Hunter IV 10, Colonne 663, Maravielle 680, Mazzini 100, Choice aEF, excellent portrait, full circles centering, some silvering, weight 3.984 g, maximum diameter 23.3 mm, 1st officina, Rome mint, issue 2, Nov - Dec 275; obverse IMP C M CL TACITVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, from the front; reverse PROVIDENTIA AVG (the foresight of the Emperor), Providentia standing left holding rod over globe in right hand, cornucopia in left hand, XXIA in exergue; $110.00 (€96.80)
 


Maximian, 286 - 305, 306 - 308, and 310 A.D.

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This coin is universally described with Maximian raising his empty right hand but on all of the five examples known to Forum, including this coin, he holds an olive branch in his right hand and a mappa in his left hand.RT85653. Billon half follis, RIC VI Alexandria 91b (S) corr. (no olive branch or mappa), SRCV IV 13419, Hunter V -, Cohen VI -, Choice aEF, well centered and struck, edge cracks, weight 3.001 g, maximum diameter 21.7 mm, die axis 0o, 4th officina, Alexandria mint, c. early - mid 308 A.D.; obverse D N MAXIMIANO FELICISS, laureate bust right, wearing imperial mantle, olive branch in right hand, mappa in left hand; reverse PROVIDENTIA DEORVM (foresight of the Gods), Providentia, draped, standing right, extending right hand to Quies; Quies, draped, standing left, holding branch in right hand and leaning on scepter with left hand, ∆ lower center, ALE in exergue; rare; $105.00 (€92.40)
 



  



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Providence