ERIC Table of Contents
Imperial Catalog:AUGUSTUS LIVA AGRIPPA NERO CLAUDIUS DRUSUS GERMANICUS AGRIPPINA I TIBERIUS DRUSUS ANTONIA CALIGULA CLAUDIUS I BRITANNICUS AGRIPPINA II NERO GALBA CLODIUS MACER OTHO VITELLIUS VESPASIAN DOMITILLA TITUS DOMITIAN DOMITIA JULIA TITI NERVA TRAJAN PLOTINA MARCIANA MATIDIA HADRIAN SABINA AELIUS ANTONINUS PIUS FAUSTINA I MARCUS AURELIUS FAUSTINA II LUCIUS VERUS LUCILLA COMMODUS CRISPINA PERTINAX DIDIUS JULIANUS MANLIA SCANTILLA DIDIA CLARA PESCENNIUS NIGER CLODIUS ALBINUS SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS JULIA DOMNA CARACALLA PLAUTILLA GETA MACRINUS DIADUMENIAN ELAGABALUS JULIA MAESA JULIA SOAEMIAS JULIA PAULA AQUILIA SEVERA ANNIA FAUSTINA SEVERUS ALEXANDER JULIA MAMAEA ORBIANA MAXIMINUS I PAULINA MAXIMUS GORDIAN I GORDIAN II BALBINUS PUPIENUS GORDIAN III TRANQUILLINA PHILIP I OTACILIA SEVERA PHILIP II PACATIAN JOTAPIAN TRAJAN DECIUS HERENNIA ETRUSCILLA HERENNIUS ETRUSCUS HOSTILIAN TREBONIANUS GALLUS VOLUSIAN AEMILIAN CORNELIA SUPERA SILBANNACUS URANIUS ANTONINUS VALERIAN I MARINIANA VALERIAN II GALLIENUS SALONINA SALONINUS REGALIANUS DRYANTILLA POSTUMUS LAELIANUS MARIUS VICTORINUS DOMITIAN II TETRICUS I TETRICUS II QUIETUS MACRIANUS CLAUDIUS II QUINTILLUS AURELIAN SEVERINA ZENOBIA VABALATHUS TACITUS FLORIAN PROBUS SATURNINUS CARUS CARINUS MAGNIA URBICA NIGRIAN NUMERIAN JULIAN I DIOCLETIAN MAXIMIAN CARAUSIUS ALLECTUS DOMITIUS DOMITIANUS CONSTANTIUS I THEODORA GALERIUS GALERIA VALERIA SEVERUS II MAXENTIUS ROMULUS CONSTANTINE I HELENA FAUSTA ALEXANDER LICINIUS I CONSTANTIA MAXIMINUS II LICINIUS II CRISPUS VALERIUS VALENS MARTINIAN CONSTANTINE II DELMATIUS HANNIBALLIANUS CONSTANS CONSTANTIUS II MAGNENTIUS DECENTIUS NEPOTIAN VETRANO CONSTANTIUS GALLUS JULIAN II JOVIAN VALENTINIAN I VALENS PROCOPIUS GRATIAN VALENTINIAN II THEODOSIUS I AELIA FLACCILLA MAGNUS MAXIMINUS FLAVIUS VICTOR EUGENIUS HONORIUS CONSTANTINE III CONSTANS II MAXIMINUS PRISCUS ATTALUS JOVINUS SABASTIANUS CONSTANTIUS III GALLA PLACIDIA JOHANNES VALENTINIAN III LICINIA EUDOXIA HONORIA PETRONIUS MAXIMINUS AVITUS MAJORIAN LIBIUS SEVERUS ANTHEMIUS EUPHEMIA ANICIUS OLYBRIUS GLYCERIUS JULIUS NEPOS ROMULUS AUGUSTUS ARCADIUS EUDOXIA PULCHERIA THEODOSIUS II EUDOCIA MARCIAN LEO I VERINA LEO II ZENO ARIADNE BASILISCUS ZENONIS LEONTIUS I ANASTASIUS I ANONYMOUS COINAGE
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ERIC The
Encyclopedia of Roman Imperial Coins by Rasiel
Suarez
Originally called Octavian, his name is today known simply as Augustus which was the title given him by the Senate in the year 27 B.C. He was the grandnephew of Julius Caesar and was following an illustrious military career when Caesar was murdered. On hearing of this he set in motion a series of alliances meant to avenge his great-uncle 's assassins. He recruited Lepidus and Marc Antony for the task, defeated Brutus and his co-conspirators and then carved up the Roman world among the three. Lepidus was thus left in control of the African provinces, Marc Antony with Egypt and the eastern Octavian the rest including Rome itself. The Triumvirate as it was called was unstable and they each began to plot against the other. Within a few years however Lepidus would be stripped of his powers and Marc Antony would be defeated in a major battle. Antony and his wife Cleopatra then committed suicide leaving Octavian as sole emperor. Octavian then became known and referred to by his title and went on to rule the Roman Empire for another 40 years. He did this while cooperating with the Senate and to him Romans owed much of the grandeur and influence that this empire became known for. The coinage of Augustus is extensive and complicated. In fact, his long reign straddles two numismatic periods, the so-called Imperatorial and the Imperial with which this volume focuses on. The Imperatorial period is itself a transitional time that fuses elements of the former Republican coinage and the coming age of the emperors with the biggest innovation being the engraving of portraits of living people on the obverse. Julius Caesar was first among these and when coins started showing up in Rome with the face of the elderly dictator the outrage was so widespread that it helped solidify the conspiracy that ultimately ended his life. But the genie was out of the bottle. Even the self-proclaimed defenders of the old Republic would henceforth find it increasingly more acceptable to strike coins with their own likenesses on them. The practice proved so popular (to heads of state if not the populace at large) that it would continue all the way into modern times. While many countries today would find issuing coins with the portrait of a sitting president or prime minister just as inappropriate as back in 44 B.C. in others it is considered normal and a stimulant to nationalistic pride, especially in countries with an active system of royalty. In any case, it is beyond the scope of this book to list the near-endless amount of issues struck during the time of Augustus. This chapter will therefore list the various legends and types in longest use and which are today most common in the market. During the record 56 years the man known as Octavian, and then as Augustus, ruled he had literally millions of handmade coins put into circulation. These ran the gamut from heavy silver and gold medals issued for presentation purposes to foreign dignitaries and military commanders, forerunners of today 's proof issues, to ordinary gold, silver and copper denominations used to pay the armies and meant to be exchanged for goods on the marketplace as well as a convenient system of paying the state taxes owed. Of the former very, very few are left over today and it 's small wonder that on the few times they 're offered for sale the selling prices are measured in the six digits. Among the latter many escaped the melting pot simply because they were lost prior to the point where they had become so worn that they stopped being useful as money. Among these by far the most commonly available today is the series featuring Gaius and Lucius, the Caesars the aged Augustus intended to succeed him. Usually found fairly worn or porous they can be had for around $100 each. Mint-state examples can be located but for about ten times that much. Busts: 1) Bare head left 2) Bare head right 3) Laureate head left 4) Laureate head right 5) Radiate head left 6) Radiate head right a) Agrippa crowned head facing left on left and Augustus bare head right on right b) Altar c) Apollo laureate head right d) Branches (2) e) Cippus reading SPQR / IMP CAE / QVODV / M SEX / EAPQIS / ADADE f) Cornucopia; S C across fields g) Feronia diademed, draped bust right h) Fortuna Victrix helmeted bust right, holding patera over Fortuna Felix, diademed bust i) Hands, in handshake, holding caduceus j) Hercules diademed head right with club k) Honos head right l) Liber head right, wearing crown of Ivy leaves m) Quadriga right n) Sol radiate head right o) Simpulum on left and Lituus on right p) Venus diademed head right q) Venus diademed, draped bust right r) Victory diademed bust right s) Victory standing right on galley prow, holding wreath and palm t) Virtus helmeted, draped bust right u) Wreath, AVGVSTVS / TRIBVNIC / POTEST within v) Wreath, OB above, CIVIS within, SERVATOS below Obverses: Reverses: Types: 1) Agrippa crowned head right 2) Altar 3) Altar reading FOR RE 4) Apex with ancile on either side 5) Apollo standing left, holding pick and harp 6) Apollo standing left on platform, sacrificing over altar and holding lyre 7) Augustus advancing left, raising hand and holding spear 8) Augustus advancing right, raising hand and holding spear. 9) Augustus and Agrippa seated left on platform 10) Augustus driving two oxen right, holding whip 11) Augustus riding chariot pulled by two elephants left, holding palm and scepter 12) Augustus riding horse right on pedestal reading SPQR / IMP / CAES; city walls in background 13) Augustus riding quadriga right, holding branch. 14) Augustus seated left on platform reading LVD.S giving money to one of two citizens standing to left; bowl in lower center 15) Augustus seated left on platform, receiving branch from soldier 16) Augustus seated left on platform, receiving branches from two citizens. 17) Augustus seated left on platform; reaching for baby held by citizen to left 18) Augustus seated left, holding branch 19) Augustus seated left, holding Victory 20) Augustus seated right on platform, handing out coins to two citizens; vase on floor between them. 21) Augustus standing left, holding arm of kneeling Sicilia and shield 22) Augustus standing on right, resting hand on shield and placing star on Julius Caesar, holding Victory and scepter 23) Barbarian kneeling right, holding vexillum reading X 24) Boar standing right, impaled by spear 25) Branches (2) 26) Bull butting left 27) Bull butting right 28) Bull standing right 29) Caius and Lucius standing, facing, between them shield and spears with simpulum and lituus above. 30) Caius riding horse right, holding sword; legionary eagle with standard on either side to left and in background. 31) Capricornus advancing left, bearing cornucopia and globe 32) Capricornus advancing right, bearing cornucopia and globe 33) Capricornus advancing right, bearing globe 34) Club 35) Column on thunderbolt; Augustus standing atop 36) Column; Augustus standing left atop, holding scepter 37) Comet 38) Cornucopia; large S and C on either side. 39) Crescent, star above 40) Crocodile chained to palm tree with wreath atop 41) Crocodile standing right 42) Diana ( Luna) advancing right, pullin arrow from quiver and holding bow 43) Diana ( Luna) standing left, holding spear and bow; dog to left 44) Eagle standing facing on globe; large S and C on either side 45) Eagle standing left on globe 46) Flower, in bloom 47) Globe with rudder in front 48) Grain ears, tied 49) Herm on thunderbolt 50) Julius Caesar bare head right, comet above 51) Julius Caesar laureate head right 52) Julius Caesar standing, facing, holding Victory on globe and spear, being crowned with star by Augustus to right, holding shield. 53) Large SC 54) Legend M AGRIPPA COS / DESIG 55) Livia seated left, holding grain ears and torch. 56) Livia seated right, holding patera and scepter; large S and C to either side. 57) Livia seated right, holding scepter and branch 58) Marc Antony bare head right 59) Mars standing left, holding vexillum and parazonium. 60) Mercury seated right on rock, holding lyre 61) Neptune standing left, stepping on globe, holding apluster and trident 62) Pax standing left, holding branch and cornucopia 63) Quadriga riding left 64) Quadriga riding right, carrying modius with grain ears 65) Quadriga riding right, carrying palm branch 66) Sacrificial implements: simpulum, cruet, lituus, etc. (variously arranged) 67) Senate building (Curia Julia); architrave reading IMP CAESAR with Victory and statue on either side on roof 68) Shield 69) Shield reading CL.V 70) Shield reading CL.V, legionary eagle to left and standard to right; SPQR: letters arranged at each corner starting at top left. 71) Shield reading S.P.Q.R / CL.V 72) Sphinx crouching left. 73) Tarpeia buried to waist in shields, raising hands. 74) Temple with (4) columns, currus with legionary eagle within 75) Temple with (4) columns, Julius Caesar within and DIVO IVL on pediment above 76) Temple with (4) columns, Mars within, holding legionary eagle and standard. 77) Temple with (6) columns 78) Temple with (6) columns, Jupiter standing within, holding thunderbolt and scepter 79) Temple with (6) columns, legionary eagle and two standards within 80) Temple with (6) columns, Mars within, holding legionary eagle and standard. 81) Thunderbolt 82) Tiberius bare head right 83) Tiberius riding quadriga right, holding scepter with eagle atop 84) Toga; legionary eagle to left and wreath to right 85) Triumphal arch; Augustus riding elephant biga right atop, being crowned by Victory 86) Triumphal arch; Augustus riding oncoming quadriga atop; IMP CAESAR on pediment 87) Triumphal arch; Augustus riding oncoming quadriga atop with Victory on either side 88) Triumphal arch; Augustus riding oncoming quadriga atop with Victory on either side and central arch reading SPQR / IMP CAE 89) Triumphal arch; Augustus riding quadriga right atop, being crowned by Victory to left 90) Trophy with spears and shield set on galley prow with rudder and anchor 91) Victory advancing left, holding shield reading SP / QR 92) Victory hovering right over shield reading CLV; column in background 93) Victory standing left on cippus, holding wreath and palm, snake on either side. 94) Victory standing left on galley prow, holding wreath and palm 95) Victory standing left on globe, holding wreath and palm 96) Victory standing on globe, facing, holding palm and trophy. 97) Victory standing on globe, facing, holding wreath and vexillum 98) Victory standing right on globe, holding branch and legionary eagle 99) Victory standing right on globe, holding torch and palm 100) Victory standing right on globe, holding wreath and palm 101) Victory standing right, crowning trophy 102) Victory standing right, holding wreath and palm. 103) Victory standing, facing, holding shield reading SPQR 104) Wreath 105) Wreath, AVGVSTO / OBCS within 106) Wreath, AVGVSTVS within 107) Wreath, CA in dotted circle within 108) Wreath, candelabrum within 109) Wreath, Capricornus advancing right, bearing cornucopia within. 110) Wreath, OB / CIVIS / SERVATOS within 111) Wreath, SC within 112) Wreath, shield reading SPQR / CLV within Mints: AU Aureus / Reference 1) B2, O03, R128, T099 / RIC I 121, C 331 2) B2, O06, R128, T072 / RIC I 511, C 334 3) B2, O08, R128, T016 Exe: IMP X / RIC I 164a, C 132 4) B2, O08, R128, T027 Exe: IMP X / RIC I 166a, BMC 450, C 136 5) B2, O08, R128, T042 Exe: SICIL and IMP XII across fields / RIC I 196, BMC 489, C 171 6) B2, O08, R128, T043 Exe: SICIL and IMP X across fields / RIC I 172, C 145 7) B2, O14, R017, T051 / BMC 74 8) B2, O85, R128, T097 IMP CAESAR across fields / RIC I 268, BMC 622, C 113 9) B4, O08, R016, T030 Exe: AVGVST / RIC I 198, C 39 10) B4, O33, R006, T083 Exe: TI CAESAR / RIC I 223, BMC 508, C 299 11) B4, O33, R008, T029 Exe: C L CAESARES / RIC I 206, BMC 513, C 42 12) B4, O33, R092, T056 / RIC I 219, BMC 544, C 222 13) B4, O58, R063, T014 Exe: AVG SVF P / RIC I 350, C 466 14) Bd, O17, R128, T110 / RIC I 206 (1st ed.), BMC 317 15) Bl, O82, R128, T105 / RIC I 278, BMC 5, C 476
16) B2, O56, R009, T002 / RIC I 482, C 33 17) B2, O56, R128, T048 AVGV STVS across fields / RIC I 481, C 32b 18) B2, O56, R128, T048 AVGV STVS across rev. fields, lituus in front of bust in obv. / RIC I 490, C 32a 19) B2, O56, R128, T109 AVGVSTVS under capricornus / RIC I 480, C 16 21) B1, O32, R104, T070 RIC I 86b, C 267 22) B1, O81, R043, T087 RIC I 132, C 85 23) B1, O85, R038, T100 CAESAR DIVI F across fields RIC I 254 24) B1, O85, R128, T095 CAESAR DIVI F across fields RIC I 255, C 64 25) B2, O06, R024, T065 Lituus behind obv. bust RIC I 399, C 456 26) B2, O06, R062, T023 RIC I 416, C 383 27) B2, O06, R069, T022 RIC I 415 28) B2, O08, R077, T050 RIC I 338, C 1 29) B2, O08, R128, T005 Exe: ACT and IMP X across fields RIC I 171a, S 1611 30) B2, O08, R128, T015 Exe: IMP X RIC I 162a, C 131 31) B2, O08, R128, T016 Exe: IMP X RIC I 165a, S 1609 32) B2, O08, R128, T026 Exe: IMP X RIC I 169, C 141 33) B2, O08, R128, T027 Exe: IMP X RIC I 167a, S 1610 34) B2, O08, R128, T033 Exe: IMP XI RIC I 174 35) B2, O08, R128, T042 Exe: SICIL and IMP XII across fields RIC I 197a, C 172 36) B2, O08, R128, T043 Exe: SICIL and IMP XII across fields RIC I 182, C 168 37) B2, O09, R088, T004 RIC I 343, C 438 38) B2, O15, R010, T034 Legend is arranged vertically on either side of club Cr. 518/1 39) B2, O16, R007, T108 RIC I 540 40) B2, O16, R009, T028 RIC I 475, S 1593 41) B2, O32, R014, T066 RIC I 410, C 347 42) B2, O32, R031, T008 RIC I 406, C 529 43) B2, O32, R061, T021 Exe: SICIL RIC I 310, C 366 44) B2, O32, R061, T046 RIC I 309 45) B2, O32, R074, T025 Exe: III VIR RIC I 317, C 430 46) B2, O32, R079, T104 RIC I 40a 47) B2, O32, R079, T112 RIC I 79a, S 1626 48) B2, O32, R104, T070 RIC I 86a, S 1633 49) B2, O32, R106, T069 RIC I 43a 50) B2, O32, R120, T039 RIC I 300, C 495 51) B2, O32, R120, T073 RIC I 299, C 494 52) B2, O32, R128, T071 RIC I 42a, C 294 53) B2, O32, R128, T076 RIC I 74a 54) B2, O32, R128, T103 RIC I 93, C 283 55) B2, O32, R128, T110 RIC I 77a, C 208 56) B2, O36, R003, T041 RIC I 275a, C 2 57) B2, O39, R097, T081 Cr. 523/1a 58) B2, O40, R072, T058 Lituus behind rev. bust Cr. 517/1 59) B2, O40, R073, T058 S 1504 60) B2, O58, R012, T006 RIC I 366, C 343 61) B2, O65, R048, T066 Cr. 538/1 62) B2, O65, R048, T075 Cr. 540/2 63) B2, O66, R128, T054 Cr. 534/3 64) B2, O79, R099, T089 RIC I 144, C 233 65) B2, O79, R127, T058 RIC I 148, C 325 66) B2, O81, R042, T087 RIC I 136 67) B2, O85, R038, T062 RIC I 252, C 69 68) B2, O85, R054, T068 RIC I 543a, C 126 69) B2, O85, R128, T031 Exe: AVGVSTVS RIC I 128 70) B2, O85, R128, T032 Exe: AVGVSTVS RIC I 126, S 1592 71) B2, O85, R128, T049 IMP CAESAR across fields RIC I 269a, C 114 72) B2, O85, R128, T060 CAESAR DIVI F across fields RIC I 257, S 1550, C 61 73) B2, O85, R128, T067 RIC I 266, C 122 74) B2, O85, R128, T077 RIC I 472, C 182 75) B2, O85, R128, T086 RIC I 267, C 123 76) B2, O85, R128, T088 Exe: L VINICIVS RIC I 359, C 544 77) B2, O85, R128, T090 IMP CAESAR across fields RIC I 265, C 119 78) B3, O32, R051, T037 DIVVS IVLIVS across fields RIC I 37b, C 98 79) B3, O44, R107, T062 RIC I 113b, C 277a 80) B4, O08, R016, T030 Exe: AVGVS F RIC I 199, C 40 81) B4, O08, R128, T017 Exe: IMP XIIII RIC I 201a, C 133 82) B4, O08, R128, T027 Exe: IMP XII RIC I 176 83) B4, O32, R051, T037 DIVVS IVLIVS across fields RIC I 37a, C 98 84) B4, O32, R070, T001 RIC I 414 85) B4, O32, R128, T092 86) B4, O33, R006, T083 Exe: TI CAESAR RIC I 222, C 301 87) B4, O33, R008, T029 Exe: C L CAESARES RIC I 207, C 43 88) B4, O33, R092, T057 RIC I 220, C 223 89) B4, O33, R118, T082 RIC I 226, C 2 90) B4, O44, R128, T074 SP QR across fields RIC I 119, C 279 91) B4, O44, R128, T079 MAR VLT across fields RIC I 105a, S 1623 92) B4, O85, R033, T025 RIC 32a 93) B4, O85, R128, T019 IMP CAESAR across fields, thunderbolt behind obv. Bust RIC I 270, C 116 94) Bc, O85, R128, T010 Exe: IMP CAESAR RIC I 272, C 117 95) Bc, O85, R128, T036 CAESAR DIVI F across fields RIC I 271, S 1559 96) Be, O72, R128, T012 RIC I 362 97) Bg, O84, R035, T023 RIC I 288, C 484 98) Bh, O78, R041, T003 Exe: EX SC, Obv. Exe: ANTIAT RIC I 322, S 1605 99) Bk, O74, R009, T011 RIC I 311, C 427 100) Bl, O74, R035, T023 RIC I 314, C 433b 101) Bm, O43, R108, T084 RIC I 99, C 78b 102) Bm, O85, R109, T084 RIC I 100, C 80 103) Bn, O69, R034, T064 RIC I 303, C 357 104) Bp, O85, R038, T008 CAESAR DIVI F across fields RIC I 253 105) Bp, O85, R128, T007 CAESAR DIVI F across fields RIC I 251, C 70 106) Bq, O12, R047, T066 RIC I 367, C 348 107) Br, O85, R128, T061 CAESAR DIVI F across fields RIC I 256, C 60 108) Bs, O85, R128, T013 Exe: IMP CAESAR RIC I 264 109) Bt, O69, R009, T011 RIC I 301, C 354 110) B2, O03, R081, T101 RIC I 1a 111) B2, O16, R128, T094 RIC I 474, S 1643 112) B2, O41, R005, T093 RIC I 276, S 1568 Note: The entire bronze coinage series until the mid-3rd century normally features an S and C across the reverse fields of each coin which stand for Senatus Consulto, "By authority of the Senate". To avoid repetition these will be omitted but may be assumed to be present unless otherwise noted. 113) B2, O06, R128, T107 RIC I 501, C 570 114) Bv, O85, R015, T053 RIC I 370 115) Bv, O85, R066, T053 RIC I 383 116) Bv, O85, R078, T053 RIC I 341, C 520 117) Bv, O85, R085, T053 RIC I 345, C 441 118) B4, O50, R057, T053 RIC 136 (II, Nerva), C 570 119) B3, O28, R076, T053 RIC I 429, C 518 120) Ba, O54, R044, T041 RIC I 155, C 7 121) Bu, O85, R015, T053 RIC I 372, S 1659 122) Bu, O85, R019, T053 RIC I 375, C 408 123) Bu, O85, R078, T053 RIC I 342, S 1666 124) Bu, O85, R089, T053 RIC I 347, C 440 125) B5, O50, R046, T018 RIC 56 (I, Caligula), S 1811, C 87 126) B5, O50, R050, T055 RIC 101 (I, Claudius) 127) B5, O51, R059, T091 RIC 189 (II, Titus) 128) B5, O51, R128, T111 RIC 79 (I, Tiberius), S 1787 129) B6, O50, R056, T047 Exe: SC RIC 131 (I, Nerva), C 568 AE As 130) B1, O28, R076, T053 RIC I 432, S 1686 131) B1, O28, R091, T053 RIC I 428 132) B1, O63, R093, T053 RIC I 471, S 1689 133) B2, O16, R009, T106 RIC I 486 134) B2, O28, R075, T053 RIC I 435 135) B2, O28, R091, T053 RIC I 427 136) B4, O42, R128, T002 Exe: ROM ET AVG RIC I 230 137) B2, O50, R056, T002 Exe: SC RIC 133 (II, Nerva), C 566 138) B5, O51, R055, T045 RIC 156 (II, Domitian), C 562 139) B5, O51, R058, T045 RIC 198 (II, Titus) 140) B5, O51, R128, T002 Exe: PROVIDENT RIC 81 (I, Tiberius), S 1789, C 228 141) B5, O51, R128, T044 RIC 82 (I, Tiberius), S 1790 142) B5, O51, R128, T056 RIC 72 (I, Tiberius) 143) B5, O51, R128, T081 Large S C across fields RIC 83 (I, Tiberius) 144) Bb, O52, R004, T053 RIC I 447, S 1701 145) Bb, O53, R080, T053 RIC I 465 146) Bf, O73, R053, T038 RIC I 422, S 1695 147) Bf, O77, R053, T002 RIC I 425, C 415 148) Bo, O73, R053, T053 RIC I 421, S 1694 Augustus From the J. Paul Getty Museum- Photo Joe Geranio |