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Index Of All Titles


BEST OF

AEQVITI
Aes Formatum
Aes Rude
The Age of Gallienus
Alexander Tetradrachms
Ancient Coin Collecting 101
Ancient Coin Prices 101
Ancient Coin Dates
Ancient Coin Lesson Plans
Ancient Coins & Modern Fakes
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Antioch Officinae
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Augustus - Facing Portrait
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Conditions of Manufacture
Corinth Coins and Cults
Countermarked in Late Antiquity
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ERIC
ERIC - Rarity Tables
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XXI

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ERIC Table of Contents


Title Page

Introduction

About Roman Coins

Denominations

Coins of Other Ancient Cultures

Identifying Roman Coins

How To Use This Book

Mintmarks

Mint Map

Pricing And Grading

Bibliography

Reference Catalogs Cited

Coin Terms Used

Glossary

Rarity Tables

Index of Rulers

Photography Credits

Additional Web Resources

Imperial Catalog:

AUGUSTUS
LIVA
AGRIPPA
NERO CLAUDIUS DRUSUS
GERMANICUS
AGRIPPINA I
TIBERIUS
DRUSUS
ANTONIA
CALIGULA
CLAUDIUS I
BRITANNICUS
AGRIPPINA II
NERO
GALBA
CLODIUS MACER
OTHO
VITELLIUS
VESPASIAN
DOMITILLA
TITUS
DOMITIAN
DOMITIA
JULIA TITI
NERVA
TRAJAN
PLOTINA
MARCIANA
MATIDIA
HADRIAN
SABINA
AELIUS
ANTONINUS PIUS
FAUSTINA I
MARCUS AURELIUS
FAUSTINA II
LUCIUS VERUS
LUCILLA
COMMODUS
CRISPINA
PERTINAX
DIDIUS JULIANUS
MANLIA SCANTILLA
DIDIA CLARA
PESCENNIUS NIGER
CLODIUS ALBINUS
SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS
JULIA DOMNA
CARACALLA
PLAUTILLA
GETA
MACRINUS
DIADUMENIAN
ELAGABALUS
JULIA MAESA
JULIA SOAEMIAS
JULIA PAULA
AQUILIA SEVERA
ANNIA FAUSTINA
SEVERUS ALEXANDER
JULIA MAMAEA
ORBIANA
MAXIMINUS I
PAULINA
MAXIMUS
GORDIAN I
GORDIAN II
BALBINUS
PUPIENUS
GORDIAN III
TRANQUILLINA
PHILIP I
OTACILIA SEVERA
PHILIP II
PACATIAN
JOTAPIAN
TRAJAN DECIUS
HERENNIA ETRUSCILLA
HERENNIUS ETRUSCUS
HOSTILIAN
TREBONIANUS GALLUS
VOLUSIAN
AEMILIAN
CORNELIA SUPERA
SILBANNACUS
URANIUS ANTONINUS
VALERIAN I
MARINIANA
VALERIAN II
GALLIENUS
SALONINA
SALONINUS
REGALIANUS
DRYANTILLA
POSTUMUS
LAELIANUS
MARIUS
VICTORINUS
DOMITIAN II
TETRICUS I
TETRICUS II
QUIETUS
MACRIANUS
CLAUDIUS II
QUINTILLUS
AURELIAN
SEVERINA
ZENOBIA
VABALATHUS
TACITUS
FLORIAN
PROBUS
SATURNINUS
CARUS
CARINUS
MAGNIA URBICA
NIGRIAN
NUMERIAN
JULIAN I
DIOCLETIAN
MAXIMIAN
CARAUSIUS
ALLECTUS
DOMITIUS DOMITIANUS
CONSTANTIUS I
THEODORA
GALERIUS
GALERIA VALERIA
SEVERUS II
MAXENTIUS
ROMULUS
CONSTANTINE I
HELENA
FAUSTA
ALEXANDER
LICINIUS I
CONSTANTIA
MAXIMINUS II
LICINIUS II
CRISPUS
VALERIUS VALENS
MARTINIAN
CONSTANTINE II
DELMATIUS
HANNIBALLIANUS
CONSTANS
CONSTANTIUS II
MAGNENTIUS
DECENTIUS
NEPOTIAN
VETRANO
CONSTANTIUS GALLUS
JULIAN II
JOVIAN
VALENTINIAN I
VALENS
PROCOPIUS
GRATIAN
VALENTINIAN II
THEODOSIUS I
AELIA FLACCILLA
MAGNUS MAXIMINUS
FLAVIUS VICTOR
EUGENIUS
HONORIUS
CONSTANTINE III
CONSTANS II
MAXIMINUS
PRISCUS ATTALUS
JOVINUS
SABASTIANUS
CONSTANTIUS III
GALLA PLACIDIA
JOHANNES
VALENTINIAN III
LICINIA EUDOXIA
HONORIA
PETRONIUS MAXIMINUS
AVITUS
MAJORIAN
LIBIUS SEVERUS
ANTHEMIUS
EUPHEMIA
ANICIUS OLYBRIUS
GLYCERIUS
JULIUS NEPOS
ROMULUS AUGUSTUS
ARCADIUS
EUDOXIA
PULCHERIA
THEODOSIUS II
EUDOCIA
MARCIAN
LEO I
VERINA
LEO II
ZENO
ARIADNE
BASILISCUS
ZENONIS
LEONTIUS I
ANASTASIUS I
ANONYMOUS COINAGE

ERIC The Encyclopedia of Roman Imperial Coins
by Rasiel Suarez


 

Claudius II 

Augustus 268-270 

Claudius was apparently one of the principal conspirators who instigated a lethal mutiny against Gallienus during his siege against the usurper Aureolus. His claim that Gallienus designated him his heir in his deathbed and absent any credible witnesses led many to doubt the story. Regardless, Claudius rose to power and quelled any discontent over Gallienus 's fate by giving each soldier the princely sum of 20 Aurei and locating Aureolus who was promptly executed. 
The controversial accession besides, Claudius proved a remarkably able battlefield commander and he earned the nickname Gothicus following the devastating blow he dealt to the Goths; accounts of which had the battle ending with some 50,000 barbarians of this tribe being killed. Before he had much time to secure more honorary titles for himself, however, he contracted plague and died in Sirmium two years later. The Senate dutifully praised and deified him afterwards as one of the greatest emperors ever. Contemporary historians linked his family to that of Constantine and evidently his memory was still popular enough half a century later that Constantine would be able to exploit the public relations value of this link through a series of coins minted honoring his alleged dead ancestor. 
 
Claudius takes over during turbulent years. Coins are being made by the millions but quality control has sunk to its lowest level yet ensuring that these coins deteriorated soon after entering circulation. And what does this leave for those that have had to endure another 1,600 years? 
 
While the gold coinage escapes the poor quality control issues there are so few of them that the point is moot for the vast majority of collectors. This leaves only the sorry Antoninianus as representative of this emperor. 
 
The Ants had been suffering a steady decline in their fineness ever since their inception under Caracalla a half century before. By the 250 's there was so little silver in them that they no longer looked "silvery" or did so only briefly before corrosion and wear revealed them for being the essentially copper coins that they really were. 
 
Under the reign of Gallienus, or perhaps that of Claudius II, a new process of silver washing was developed to at least keep the appearance that these were silver coins still worth, in theory, two Denarii. This coating measured a meager few thousandths of an inch and wore or flaked off quickly on the high points of the coin. Only a brand new coin buried in a protective container could survive to this day with this silvering intact. And while they 're available today they are rare and expensive. 
 
The process of silvering the Ants lasted until Diocletian 's reform a few years later. During this period, and certainly including Claudius, Ants will be readily available with partial silvering but unless a substantial amount survives they carry no premium over an otherwise patinated coin. 
 
Low grade coins may be found among "uncleaned" coins or dealer 's "junk bins" for a few dollars each. Nicer specimens quickly escalate in price.  

Busts: 

 
1) Helmeted, cuirassed bust left 
2) Laureate head left 
3) Laureate head right 
4) Laureate, cuirassed bust right 
5) Laureate, draped bust right 
6) Radiate bust left 
7) Radiate bust left, holding globe and scepter 
8) Radiate bust left, holding scepter 
9) Radiate head left 
10) Radiate head right 
11) Radiate torso left, holding globe and scepter 
12) Radiate torso left, holding spear and shield 
13) Radiate torso right, holding spear 
14) Radiate, cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield 
15) Radiate, cuirassed bust right 
16) Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust left, raising hand and holding globe 
17) Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right 
18) Radiate, draped bust left 
19) Radiate, draped bust left, holding shield 
20) Radiate, draped bust left, holding spear 
21) Radiate, draped bust right 
22) Radiate, helmeted, cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield 
23) Veiled, laureate head right 

 

Obverses: 

 
1) CLAVDIVS AVG 
2) CLAVDIVS PF AVG 
3) CLAVDIVS PIVS AVG INV 
4) DIVO CLAVDIO 
5) DIVO CLAVDIO GOTHICO 
6) DIVO CLAVDIO OPT IMP 
7) DIVO CLAVDIO OPTIMO 
8) DIVO CLAVDIO OPTIMO IMP 
10) IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG 
11) IMP C CLAVDIVS PF AVG 
12) IMP C M AVR CLAVDIVS AVG 
13) IMP C M AVR CLAVDIVS PF AVG 
14) IMP C M AVREL CLAVDIVS PF AVG 
15) IMP C V CLAVDIVS AVG 
16) IMP CLAVDIVS AVG 
17) IMP CLAVDIVS CAES AVG 
18) IMP CLAVDIVS PF AVG 

 

Reverses: 

 
5) AETERNIT AVG 
8) APOLLI CONS 
9) APOLLINI CONS 
10) APOLLINI P CONS 
11) CERES AVG 
12) CONCO EXERC 
13) CONCOR AVG 
14) CONCOR EXER 
15) CONCOR EXERC 
16) CONCOR EXERCI 
17) CONCORD EXER 
18) CONCORD LEGI 
21) CONSACRATIO 
22) CONSAECRATIO 
23) CONSECR AVG 
25) CONSER AVG 
26) CONSERVAT AVG 
28) CONSERVATORES AVG 
29) COS III 
30) DACIA FELIX 
32) DIANA LVCIF 
34) DIANAE VICTR 
35) FECVND AVG 
37) FELIC AVG 
38) FELIC TEMPO 
40) FELICITAS SAECVL 
41) FID MILITVM 
42) FIDES AVG 
43) FIDES EXERCI 
44) FIDES MILIT 
46) FORTVNA RED 
48) FORTVNAE RED 
50) GENIVS AVG 
51) GENIVS EXERCI 
54) INVICTVS AVG 
55) IOVI CONSERV AVG 
57) IOVI FVLGERAT 
61) IVVENTAS AVG 
62) IVVENTVS AVG 
64) LAETITIA AVG
67) LIBERITAS AVG 
68) LIBERO CONS AVG 
69) LIBERT AVG 
73) MARTI PACIF 
74) MARTI PACIFERO 
79) NEPTVN AVG 
80) NEPTVS AVG 
81) ORIENS AVG 
82) PAX AET 
83) PAX AETERNA 
84) PAX AVG 
86) PAX EXERC 
87) PIETAS 
89) PM TR P II COS PP 
90) PM TR P O PP 
91) PROVENTI AVG 
92) PROVI AVG 
94) PROVIDEN AVG 
98) REQVIES OPT MER 
100) REQVIES OPTIMORVM MERITORVM 
102) SALVS AVG 
103) SALVS AVGG 
104) SECVRIT AVG 
106) SOL AVG 
108) SPES AVG 
112) TEMPORVM FELIC 
115) VENVS AVG 
119) VICTORIA GERMANIC 
120) VICTORIA GM 
122) VIRT AVG 
123) VIRTVS AVG 
124) VIRTVSS AVG 
126) VIRTVS CLAVDI AVG 
128) VOTA ORBIS 
129) No legend 

 

Types: 

 
1) Abundantia standing right, pouring out cornucopia 
2) Aequitas standing left, holding scale and cornucopia
3) Aesculapius standing left, holding scepter with snake coiled around it. 
4) Altar 
5) Altar, lit. 
6) Annona standing left, stepping on galley prow, holding grain ears and cornucopia
7) Apollo standing left, holding branch and lyre on rock. 
8) Cabirus standing right, holding hammer and nails 
9) Ceres standing left, holding grain ears over modius and cornucopia
10) Claudius II advancing left, holding scepter and globe. 
11) Claudius II advancing right, holding scepter and globe. 
12) Claudius II riding horse left, raising hand and holding scepter
13) Claudius II riding horse right, spearing barbarians 
14) Claudius II seated left, holding scepter 
15) Claudius II standing left, holding branch and scepter
16) Claudius II standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding scepter
17) Claudius II standing to left, holding scepter, facing Fortuna to right, holding rudder and cornucopia
18) Claudius II standing to right, holding scepter and hand of kneeling Pietas
19) Concordia standing left, holding standard and cornucopia
20) Concordia standing, facing, holding standard in each hand. 
21) Concordiae (2) facing each other, each holding a torch and grain ears. 
22) Dacia standing left, holding staff with donkey head atop 
23) Deer advancing right. 
24) Diana standing right, holding torch 
25) Diana standing right, pulling arrow from quiver and holding bow; deer to right. 
26) Diana standing right on left, pulling arrow from quiver and holding bow, facing Apollo to right, holding branch and resting hand on lyre
27) Eagle standing left 
28) Fecunditas standing left, touching child on head and holding cornucopia
29) Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopia
30) Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and scepter 
31) Fides standing left, holding standard and scepter 
32) Fides standing left, holding standard in each hand 
33) Fides standing left, holding vexillum and scepter 
34) Fides standing right, holding standard in each hand. 
35) Fortuna standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia
36) Fortuna standing left, holding rudder on globe and cornucopia 
37) Fortuna standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding cornucopia 
38) Funeral pyre 
39) Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopia
40) Genius standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding cornucopia
41) Hercules standing, facing, resting hand on club and holding apple
42) Hercules standing right, resting hand on hip and holding club with lion skin. 
43) Hilaritas standing, holding palm and cornucopia; another cornucopia to right 
44) Isis standing left, holding sistrum and basket. 
45) Isis standing right on left, holding sistrum and basket, facing Serapis to right, holding scepter
46) Juno standing left, holding patera and scepter 
47) Juno standing left, holding patera and scepter; peacock to lower left. 
48) Jupiter advancing left, holding thunderbolt and scepter 
49) Jupiter standing left, holding scepter and thunderbolt 
50) Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and scepter
51) Jupiter standing right, holding thunderbolt and scepter
52) Jupiter standing right, holding thunderbolt and scepter; Claudius II to lower right, holding scepter
53) Laetitia standing left, holding wreath and anchor
54) Laetitia standing left, holding wreath and cornucopia
55) Liberalitas standing left, holding coin counter and cornucopia
56) Libertas standing left, holding pileus and cornucopia
57) Lion advancing right 
58) Mars advancing right, holding branch and spear 
59) Mars advancing right, holding branch and spear with shield
60) Mars advancing right, holding spear and trophy
61) Mars standing left, holding branch and spear with shield
62) Mars standing left, holding branch and spear. 
63) Mars standing left, holding branch. 
64) Mars standing left, holding parazonium and spear. 
65) Mercury standing left, holding purse and caduceus
66) Monetae (3) standing, facing, each holding a scale and cornucopia
67) Neptune standing left, holding dolphin and trident. 
68) Panther advancing left 
69) Pax advancing left, holding branch and scepter
70) Pax seated left, holding branch and scepter 
71) Pax standing left, holding branch and cornucopia
72) Pax standing left, holding branch and scepter
73) Pax standing right, holding branch and scepter
74) Pegasus advancing right 
75) Pietas standing left, holding patera and spear. 
76) Providentia standing left, holding globe and scepter
77) Providentia standing left, holding wand over globe and cornucopia
78) Providentia standing left, leaning on column and with legs crossed, holding wand over globe and cornucopia
79) Roma seated left, holding Victory and scepter; shield to side
80) Roma seated left, resting hand on shield and holding spear. 
81) Salus standing left, feeding snake on altar and holding scepter
82) Salus standing right, holding and feeding snake 
83) Salus standing to left, holding and feeding snake, facing Aesculapius to right, holding staff with snake coiled around it. 
84) Saturn standing left, holding scepter and scythe. 
85) Securitas standing left, leaning on column and with legs crossed, holding scepter
86) Securitas standing left, leaning on column and with legs crossed, holding caduceus
87) Serapis standing left, raising hand and holding scepter 
88) Serapis standing right on left, holding scepter, facing Isis to right, holding sistrum and basket 
89) Sol advancing left, raising hand and holding whip. 
90) Sol standing left, raising hand and holding globe. 
91) Sol standing left, raising hand and holding whip 
92) Sol standing right, raising hand and holding globe 
93) Sol standing right on left, raising hand and holding whip, facing Luna (Diana) to right, holding torch 
94) Spes advancing left, holding flower and raising skirt 
95) Spes standing left, holding flower and raising skirt. 
96) Table with vase atop 
97) Temple; Roma within, holding Victory and spear. 
98) Trophy; seated captive on either side
99) Uberitas standing left, holding purse and cornucopia
100) Venus standing left, holding helmet and cradling spear; shield to right 
101) Victories (2) standing, facing each other, holding together shield on palm reading SC. 
102) Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm 
103) Victory advancing right, holding wreath and palm
104) Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm 
105) Victory standing left, resting hand on shield and holding palm; two captives to left. 
106) Virtus advancing right, holding spear and trophy 
107) Virtus standing left, holding branch and spear; shield to left 
108) Virtus standing left, resting hand on shield and holding spear. 
109) Virtus standing right, holding spear and resting hand on shield 
110) Vulcan standing right on left, holding hammer and nails, facing Minerva to right, resting hand on shield and holding spear. 
111) Vulcan standing right, holding hammer and tongs 
112) Wolf standing right, suckling Romulus and Remus 

 

Mints: 

 
1) Antioch 
2) Cyzicus 
3) Mediolanum 
4) Roma 
5) Siscia 

 
 
AU Medallion Reference(s) 
 
1) B13, O04, R020, T020       8 Aurei weight  

 
AU Aureus 
 
2) B16, O02, R123, T106        

 
AE Antoninianus Reference(s) 
 
3) B09, O10, R003, T002  RIC Vi 197l, C 8 
4) B09, O10, R025, T088  
5) B09, O10, R102, T007 
6) B09, O10, R102, T026 RIC Vi 219l, C 260 
7) B09, O10, R102, T044 RIC Vi 217l 
8) B09, O10, R106, T089 RIC Vi 221l 
9) B10, O16, R039, T029 RIC Vi 33 
10) B10, O16, R043, T032 
11) B10, O16, R045, T033 ` in right field  
12) B10, O16, R047, T036 - in right field RIC Vi 41k 
13) B10, O16, R050, T040 ` in right field RIC Vi 46k, C 109 
14) B10, O16, R089, T011 D in right field RIC Vi 12k, C 216 
15) B10, O16, R113, T099 ` in right field RIC Vi 193k, C 286 
16) B10, O17, R003, T002 
17) B10, O17, R040, T029 RIC Vi 179k 
18) B10, O17, R117, T102 
19) B10, O18, R093, T077 Exe: ` RIC Vi 163k 
20) B10, O18, R110, T095 Exe: ` RIC Vi 168k, C 227 
21) B15, O10, R002, T012  RIC Vi 13f, C 4 
22) B15, O10, R003, T002 RIC Vi 14f, C 7 
23) B15, O10, R007, T006 RIC Vi 18f, C 21 
24) B15, O10, R039, T029 
25) B15, O10, R043, T032 RIC Vi 34f, C 84 
26) B15, O10, R059, T050 RIC Vi 54f, C 129 
27) B15, O10, R066, T055 RIC Vi 57f, C 144 
28) B15, O10, R095, T078 RIC Vi 91f, C 230 
29) B15, O10, R102, T081 RIC Vi 98f 
30) B15, O10, R110, T094 RIC Vi 102f 
31) B15, O10, R117, T104 RIC Vi 104f, C 293 
32) B15, O12, R115, T100 Exe: SPQR 
33) B15, O12, R121, T098 Exe: SPQR Obv Exe: ••  
34) B15, O16, R005, T090 RIC Vi 16f, C 16 
35) B15, O16, R007, T006 RIC Vi 19f, C 22 
36) B15, O16, R063, T054 ` in right field RIC Vi 181f, C 139 
37) B15, O16, R069, T056 X in right field RIC Vi 63f, C 152 
38) B15, O16, R108, T095 ` in left field RIC Vi 191f 
39) B15, O16, R113, T099 RIC Vi 193f 
40) B15, O16, R114, T099 RIC Vi 103f 
41) B15, O16, R117, T104 
42) B15, O18, R048, T035 Exe: ` RIC Vi 151f 
43) B16, O12, R127, T042 
44) B17, O10, R003, T002 Exe: •  
45) B17, O10, R084, T072 C 198 
46) B17, O10, R095, T078 RIC Vi 91c 
47) B17, O10, R097, T111 RIC Vi 215a, C 239 
48) B17, O10, R102, T081  
49) B17, O13, R102, T044 Zachary Beasley collection 
50) B17, O16, R003, T002 RIC Vi 15c, C 10 
51) B17, O18, R045, T031 C 93 
52) B17, O18, R047, T035 C 204 
53) B17, O18, R081, T091  
54) B17, O18, R121, T098  Obv Exe: •• 
55) B17, O18, R121, T098 Exe: SPQR  Obv Exe: •• 
56) B17, O18, R123, T108 
57) B21, O10, R003, T002 Exe: H RIC Vi 197a, C 6 
58) B21, O10, R025, T087 Exe: ` RIC Vi 201a, C 58 
59) B21, O10, R034, T025 RIC Vi 205a, C 67 
60) B21, O10, R039, T029 RIC Vi 32a 
61) B21, O10, R042, T065 RIC Vi 207a 
62) B21, O10, R051, T039  RIC Vi 48a, C 114 
63) B21, O10, R058, T049 RIC Vi 52a 
64) B21, O10, R059, T050 RIC Vi 53a 
65) B21, O10, R060, T047 Exe: • 
66) B21, O10, R060, T047 Exe: ` RIC Vi 212, C 235 
67) B21, O10, R062, T041 Exe: ` RIC Vi 213a, C 137 
68) B21, O10, R072, T060 RIC Vi 66a 
69) B21, O10, R079, T067 Exe: ` RIC Vi 214a, C 183 
70) B21, O10, R102, T007 Exe: • RIC Vi 216a 
71) B21, O10, R110, T095 RIC Vi 102a, C 281 
72) B21, O10, R123, T107 RIC Vi 109a 
73) B21, O10, R123, T109 Exe: ` RIC Vi 225a, C 317 
74) B21, O12, R064, T053 M C across fields RIC Vi 235a, C 142 
75) B21, O12, R083, T072 Exe: SPQR  Obv Exe: ••• RIC Vi 237a, C 195 
76) B21, O12, R129, T112 Exe: SPQR 
77) B21, O13, R123, T107 
78) B21, O16, R046, T035 RIC Vi 40a 
79) B21, O16, R094, T077 ` in right field 
80) B21, O17, R046, T035 ` in right field  
81) B21, O18, R038, T030 Exe: ` RIC Vi 145a, C 74 
82) B21, O18, R044, T032 Exe: ` RIC Vi 149, C 88 
83) B21, O18, R081, T092 Exe: ` RIC Vi 153a, C 185 
84) B21, O18, R084, T069 Exe: ` RIC Vi 157a, C 202 
85) B21, O18, R117, T103 Exe: ` RIC Vi 171a, C 302 
86) B21, O18, R123, T106 Exe: ` RIC Vi 172a, C 315 

     
AE Antoninianus (Posthumous) Reference(s) 
 
87) B10, O04, R021, T005   
88) B10, O04, R024, T005 RIC Vi 261k 
89) B10, O04, R024, T027 RIC Vi 266k 
90) B21, O04, R024, T005 Obv Exe: • RIC Vi 261a 

 
AE Medallion  
 
91) B05, O11, R078, T066  C 181 

 
AE3 (Posthumous
 
92) B23, O08, R100, T014 Exe:  •TS•`• RIC 26 (VII, Thessalonica
93) B23, O08, R100, T014 Exe: SIS RIC 43 (VII, Siscia

 

Claudius II Busts 

Claudius II Types 

 
 
 

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