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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Themes & Provenance| ▸ |Military| ▸ |Arms & Armor||View Options:   | | | |
Commodus' twelve-year rule degenerated into debauchery, paranoia, and insanity. He believed he was Hercules reincarnated and even fought in gladiatorial contests. His unscrupulous favorites ran the empire while he amused himself in whatever decadent way he saw fit. Most Romans saw his assassination as a blessing.RS111654. Silver denarius, RIC III 9, RSC II 791, SRCV II 5706, Hunter II 1, SRCV II 5706, VF, flow lines, toned, centered on tight flan, edge cracks/splits, light marks, weight 2.311 g, maximum diameter 17.9 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 180 A.D.; obverse M COMMODVS ANTONINVS AVG, laureate head right; reverse TR P V IMP IIII COS II P P, two captives seated back to back on shields at the base of a trophy of captured arms, captive on right is a woman in mourning with hand to head, captive on left with arms on knees;
Judaea, Antonius Felix, Roman Procurator Under Claudius and Nero, 52 - 60 A.D.
The palm depicted is, of course, the date palm. The tree was a symbol of Judea where palm trees grow in greater numbers than the surrounding areas (the Romans also used it as a symbol of Judea on Judaea Capta coins). The palm also symbolized abundance and plenty, dignity, royal honor, jubilation and victory, and was used in religious processionsJD113031. Bronze prutah, Hendin 6377; Meshorer TJC 340; Sofaer 59; BMC Palestine p. 264, 21; RPC I 4971, VF, green patina, highlighting earthen deposits, obv. leg. weak, rev. edge beveled, weight 2.617 g, maximum diameter 17.1 mm, die axis 180o, Jerusalem mint, under Nero, 54 A.D.; obverse NEPW KΛAV KAICAP (Nero Claudius Caesar), two crossed oblong shields with two crossed spears on far side; reverse BPIT (Britannicus), six-branched palm bearing two bunches of dates, L - IΔ / K-AI (year 14 of Caesar) flanking trunk;
Judaea, Antonius Felix, Roman Procurator Under Claudius and Nero, 52 - 60 A.D.
The palm depicted is, of course, the date palm. The tree was a symbol of Judea where palm trees grow in greater numbers than the surrounding areas (the Romans also used it as a symbol of Judea on Judaea Capta coins). The palm also symbolized abundance and plenty, dignity, royal honor, jubilation and victory, and was used in religious processionsJD113032. Bronze prutah, Hendin 6377; Meshorer TJC 340; Sofaer 59; BMC Palestine p. 264, 21; RPC I 4971, VF, green patina, highlighting earthen deposits, obv. edge beveled, weight 2.640 g, maximum diameter 17.1 mm, die axis 180o, Jerusalem mint, under Nero, 54 A.D.; obverse NEPW KΛAV KAICAP (Nero Claudius Caesar), two crossed oblong shields with two crossed spears on far side; reverse BPIT (Britannicus), six-branched palm bearing two bunches of dates, L - IΔ / K-AI (year 14 of Caesar) flanking trunk;
Caracalla, 28 January 198 - 8 April 217 A.D.
In 201, Osroene, a semi-autonomous vassal kingdom located in Mesopotamia, became the first state to adopt Christianity as its official religion. The independence of the state ended in 244 when it was incorporated in the Roman Empire.RS112610. Silver denarius, RIC IV 54b; BMCRE V p. 204, 262; SRCV II 6853; Hunter III 18; RSC III 175, Choice VF, well centered, iridescent toning, flow lines, marks, die wear, edge cracks, weight 2.509 g, maximum diameter 19.4 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 201 A.D.; obverse ANTONINVS PIVS AVG, laureate and draped bust right, seen from behind; reverse PART MAX PONT TR P IIII (victor over the Parthians, priest, holder of Tribunitian power for 4 years), trophy of captured arms, flanked by two captives seated facing outward and wearing pointed caps; from the Collection of Dr. Jüregen Buschek;
Herod Archelaus, Ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Idumea, 4 B.C. - 6 A.D.
Grapes, the vine and wine were an important part of the ancient economy and ritual. Grapes were brought to the Temple as offerings of the first-fruits and wine was offered upon the altar. The vine and grapes decorated the sacred vessels in the sanctuary and a golden vine with clusters of grapes stood at its entrance.JD113045. Bronze prutah, Hendin 6227; Meshorer TJC 73; BMC Palestine p. 232, 10; SNG Cop 69; Sofaer 81; RPC I 4917, Choice aVF, well centered, broad somewhat ragged flan, brown tone, earthen deposits, weight 1.928 g, maximum diameter 18.1 mm, die axis 0o, Jerusalem mint, 4 B.C. - 6 A.D.; obverse HPΩΔOY (Greek: of Herod), bunch of grapes, tendril and leaf on left; reverse EΘNOPXOY (Greek: Ethnarch), tall helmet with crest and neck straps viewed from the front, small caduceus in lower left field;
German States, Margraviate of Brandenburg, Friedrich II, 1440 - 1470
Frederick II of Brandenburg was a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg from 1440 until his abdication in 1470, and was a member of the House of Hohenzollern.ME92076. Silver Hohlpfennig Bracteate, Bahrfeldt 16a, Tewes H60c, Saurma 4819, aEF, toned, tiny edge crack, weight 0.274 g, maximum diameter 17.0 mm, die axis 0o, Frankfurt (Oder) mint, 1440 - 1470; obverse helmet with crest of six feathers on top, within rayed border; reverse incuse of obverse; ex Münzenhandlung W. Rittig (Schwelm, Germany);
Macedonian Kingdom, Alexander the Great, 336 - 323 B.C., Kition, Cyprus
Kition, also known by its Latin name Citium, was a city-kingdom on the southern coast of Cyprus (present-day Larnaca). According to local tradition, it was established in the 13th century B.C. by Greek (Achaean) settlers, after the Trojan war. Its most famous resident was Zeno of Citium, born c. 334 B.C. in Citium and founder of the Stoic school of philosophy which he taught in Athens from about 300 B.C.GB111031. Bronze quarter unit, Price 3111A; cf. Tziambazis 6 (full unit); BMC Cyprus -, VF, glossy green patina, tight flan, weight 1.289 g, maximum diameter 11.4 mm, die axis 180o, Kition (Larnaca, Cyprus) mint, c. 325 - 320 B.C.; obverse head of Herakles right, wearing Nemean Lion skin, scalp over head, forepaws tied at neck; reverse bow and quiver on left, AΛEΞANΔPOY downward in center, knobby club with handle up on right, uncertain device outer left; very rare;
Macedonian Kingdom, Philip III Arrhidaeus and Alexander IV, 323 - 317 B.C.
Struck in the name of King Philip III Arrhidaeus, Alexander the Great's half-brother, under the regent Perdikkas. Philip III and Alexander's infant son, Alexander IV, were made joint kings after Alexander's death. Philip was the bastard son of Philip II and a dancer, Philinna of Larissa. Alexander the Great's mother, Olympias, allegedly poisoned her stepson Philip III as a child, leaving him mentally disabled, eliminating him as a rival to Alexander. Neither Philip III nor Alexander IV was capable of actual rule and both were selected only to serve as pawns. The regents held power, while Philip III was actually imprisoned. In 317, Philip was murdered by Olympias to ensure the succession of her grandson.GB111207. Bronze 1/2 unit, Price 2072, VF, green patina, earthen deposits, some corrosion, light scrape on rev., weight 3.655 g, maximum diameter 14.0 mm, perhaps Miletos (near Balat, Turkey) mint, struck under Asandros, c. 323 - 319 B.C.; obverse Macedonian shield, pellet at boss center with three rings around, with five crescents around,; reverse crested Macedonian officer's helmet facing, with ear flaps, stalk of grain lower left, K lower right; from the Michael Arslan Collection;
Seleukid Kingdom, Antiochus VII Euergetes Sidetes, 138 - 129 B.C.
David Hendin identifies the mint city as Jerusalem. Some numismatists have attributed this type to Askalon. Houghton and Lorber attribute it to an uncertain mint in southern Koile-Syria.GY111516. Bronze AE 12, Houghton-Lorber II 2122, SNG Spaer 2095, Houghton CSE 819, Hendin 6166 (Jerusalem mint), HGC 9 1111, VF, green patina, highlighting earthen deposits, rev. off center, weight 1.108 g, maximum diameter 11.8 mm, die axis 45o, southern Koile-Syria (?, uncertain) mint, 138 - 137 B.C.; obverse crested Boeotian helmet with cheek guards; reverse ANTIOXOY BAΣIΛEΩΣ, aphlaston; this is the first specimen of this type handled by FORVM, ex Zuzim Inc. (Isadore Goldstein, Brooklyn, NY);
Geta, 209 - c. 26 December 211 A.D.
The estimated worldwide human population was about 257 million in 200 A.D. According to the United Nations, the worldwide human population reached 7 Billion on October 31, 2011.RS112671. Silver denarius, RSC III 157b; RIC IV 18; BMCRE V p. 198, 234; Hunter III p. 70, 10; SRCV II 7196, Choice aVF, well centered, toned, flow lines, edge cracks, weight 3.188 g, maximum diameter 19.2 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, as caesar, c. 200 A.D.; obverse P SEPT GETA CAES PONT, boy's bare-headed and draped bust right, no cuirass; reverse PRINC IVVENTVTIS (Prince of Youth), Geta standing left, baton in right hand, scepter in left hand, trophy of captured arms behind; from the Collection of Dr. Jüregen Buschek;
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