Capricorn

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Capricorns on Ancient Coins

Cyprus, Time of Augustus, 27 B.C. - 14 A.D.

Augustus' sun sign was Libra. We don't know why he selected the Capricorn as his emblem. Perhaps Capricorn was either his rising sign or his Moon sign. Popular astrology, of the newspaper kind, is sun sign astrology. The ancients tended to attach more importance to the Moon sign and rising signs. Perhaps Augustus selected the Capricorn because it is associated with stern moral authority. Tiberius (born Nov. 13) was a Scorpio.

RP88319. Bronze hemiobol, RPC I 3916; Bank of Cyprus 6; BMC Galatia p. 112, 4 (Commagene); SNG Cop -, F, dark patina, reverse off center, weight 2.487 g, maximum diameter 17.1 mm, die axis 270^o, Cypriot mint, 27 B.C. - 14 A.D.; obverse capricorn right, star with six rays above; reverse scorpion left, star with six rays above (off flan); ex Ancient Imports; $145.00 (�123.25)

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Macrinus, 11 April 217 - 8 June 218 A.D., Parium, Mysia

Located near Lampsacus, Parium belonged to the Delian League. In the Hellenistic period, it was in the domain of Lysimachus and then the Attalid dynasty. Julius Caesar refounded it as a colonia within the province of Asia. After Asia was divided in the 4th century, it was in the province of Hellespontus.RP85226. Bronze AE 22, SNG BnF 1502; BMC Mysia p. 107, 111; SNG �anakkale -; SNG Cop -; SNGvA -; SNG T�b -; SNG Hunt -; Weber -; SNG Lindgren -, VF, well centered, highest points flatly struck, weight 6.428 g, maximum diameter 22.1 mm, die axis 45^o, Parium (Kemer, Canakkale, Turkey) mint, 11 Apr 217 - 8 Jun 218 A.D.; obverse IMP C M OPE SEV MACRINVS, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse Capricorn swimming right, holding celestial globe between legs, cornucopia on back, C G I H P (Colonia Gemella Iulia Hadriana Pariana) below; rare; $125.00 (�106.25)

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Macrinus, 11 April 217 - 8 June 218 A.D., Parium, Mysia

Located near Lampsacus, Parium belonged to the Delian League. In the Hellenistic period, it was in the domain of Lysimachus and then the Attalid dynasty. Julius Caesar refounded it as a colonia within the province of Asia. After Asia was divided in the 4th century, it was in the province of Hellespontus.RP85258. Bronze AE 22, SNG BnF 1502; BMC Mysia p. 107, 111; SNG Cop -; SNGvA -; SNG T�b -; SNG �anakkale -; SNG Hunt -; Weber -; Lindgren -, VF, well centered and struck, light corrosion, weight 6.585 g, maximum diameter 22.3 mm, die axis 225^o, Parium (Kemer, Canakkale, Turkey) mint, 11 Apr 217 - 8 Jun 218 A.D.; obverse IMP C M OPE SEV MACRINVS, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse Capricorn swimming right, holding celestial globe between legs, cornucopia on back, C G I H P (Colonia Gemella Iulia Hadriana Pariana) below; rare; $125.00 (�106.25)

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Philip I the Arab, February 244 - End of September 249 A.D.

Tranquillitas was the goddess of tranquility, security, calmness, and peace. The capricorn had a goat-like forequarter and a hindquarter terminating in a fish tail. The capricorn alludes to the maritime transportation of Egypt�s grain harvest across the Mediterranean to Rome, which was critical to maintaining tranquility within the empire.RB87545. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC IV 156 (S), Cohen V 224, Banti 58, Hunter III 103, SRCV III 9019, VF, centered on a crowded squared flan, light bumps and marks, porosity, edge cracks, weight 15.120 g, maximum diameter 28.6 mm, die axis 180^o, Rome mint, c. 248 A.D.; obverse IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, from behind; reverse TRANQVILLITAS AVGG (to tranquility of [caused by] the two emperors), Tranquillitas standing facing, head left, capricorn in extended right hand, long scepter vertical in left hand, S - C (senatus consulto) flanking across field; scarce; $120.00 (�102.00)

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Macrinus, 11 April 217 - 8 June 218 A.D., Parium, Mysia

Located near Lampsacus, Parium belonged to the Delian League. In the Hellenistic period, it was in the domain of Lysimachus and then the Attalid dynasty. Julius Caesar refounded it as a colonia within the province of Asia. After Asia was divided in the 4th century, it was in the province of Hellespontus.RP85219. Bronze AE 23, SNG BnF 1502; BMC Mysia p. 107, 111; SNG Cop -; SNGvA -; SNG T�b -; SNG Hunt -; SNG �anakkale -; Weber -; Lindgren -, VF, well centered, blue-green patina, light pitting, weight 6.829 g, maximum diameter 22.9 mm, die axis 225^o, Parium (Kemer, Canakkale, Turkey) mint, 11 Apr 217 - 8 Jun 218 A.D.; obverse IMP C M OPE SEV MACRINVS, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse Capricorn swimming right, holding celestial globe between legs, cornucopia on back, C G I H P (Colonia Gemella Iulia Hadriana Pariana) below; rare; $110.00 (�93.50)

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Kingdom of Commagene, Epiphanes and Callinicus, 72 A.D.

In 72 A.D., only two years after Antiochus IV, King of Commagene, sent troops, commanded by his son Epiphanes, to aid Titus in the siege of Jerusalem, he was accused by the governor of Syria of conspiring with Parthia against Rome. After a reign of thirty-four years from his first appointment by Caligula, Antiochus was deprived of his kingdom. He retired first to Sparta, and then to Rome, where he passed the remainder of his life and was treated with great respect. Antiochus' sons, Epiphanes and Callinicus briefly ruled the kingdom but after an encounter with Roman troops, fled to Parthia. They later joined their father in Rome.SH90336. Bronze AE 21, RPC I 3861; BMC Galatia p. 110, 1 ff.; De Luynes 3440; SGICV 5515, F, dark patina, red earthen deposits, weight 7.954 g, maximum diameter 21.2 mm, die axis 45^o, Samosata (Samsat, Turkey) mint, 72 A.D.; obverse Epiphanes and Callinicus riding left on horseback, each wearing chlamys, BACIΛEΩC / YIOI in exergue; reverse KOMMAΓHNΩN, Capricorn right, star above, anchor flukes left below, all within laurel wreath, border of dots; ex John Jencek; $100.00 (�85.00)

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Macrinus, 11 April 217 - 8 June 218 A.D., Parium, Mysia

Located near Lampsacus, Parium belonged to the Delian League. In the Hellenistic period, it was in the domain of Lysimachus and then the Attalid dynasty. Julius Caesar refounded it as a colonia within the province of Asia. After Asia was divided in the 4th century, it was in the province of Hellespontus.RP85225. Bronze AE 22, SNG BnF 1502; BMC Mysia p. 107, 111; SNG Cop -; SNGvA -; SNG T�b -; SNG Hunt -; SNG �anakkale -; Weber -; SNG Lindgren -, gF, well centered, some light corrosion/pitting, weight 6.097 g, maximum diameter 22.3 mm, die axis 225^o, Parium (Kemer, Canakkale, Turkey) mint, 11 Apr 217 - 8 Jun 218 A.D.; obverse IMP C M OPE SEV MACRINVS, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse Capricorn swimming right, holding celestial globe between legs, cornucopia on back, C G I H P (Colonia Gemella Iulia Hadriana Pariana) below; rare; $100.00 (�85.00)

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Severus Alexander, 13 March 222 - March 235 A.D., Parium, Mysia

Founded in 709 B.C., the ancient city of Parion was a major coastal city, near Lampsacus, with two harbors used to connect Thrace with Anatolia. Parium belonged to the Delian League. In the Hellenistic period, it came under the domain of Lysimachus, and subsequently the Attalid dynasty. Julius Caesar refounded it as a colonia in the province of Asia. It was the main customs station through which all goods bound for Byzantium from Greece and the Aegean had to pass. When this coin was minted, Parium was within the Conventus of Adramyteum. After Asia was divided in the 4th century, Parium was in the province of Hellespontus. Today it is the village of Kemer in the township of Biga, Canakkale province, Turkey.RP85745. Bronze AE 21, RPC Online VI temp 3875 (3 spec., all same dies), SNG �anakkale 226 var. (same obv. die, normal rev.), SNG Cop -, SNGvA -, SNG BnF -, BMC Mysia -, VF, tight flan, reverse a little off center, spots of light corrosion, weight 6.220 g, maximum diameter 20.8 mm, die axis 195^o, Parium (Kemer, Canakkale, Turkey) mint, 13 Mar 222 - Mar 235 A.D.; obverse IMP CAEƧ L ƧEP ƧEV ALEXANDER, laureate and cuirassed bust right, seen from the front, cuirass with Gorgoneion; reverse Capricorn swimming left, holding celestial globe between legs, cornucopia on back, C G I H P (Colonia Gemella Iulia Hadriana Pariana) retrograde below (the entire reverse is retrograde - the normal type is Capricorn right); rare; $100.00 (�85.00)

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Caligula, 16 March 37 - 24 January 41 A.D., Philadelphia, Lydia

The magistrate's unusual title, Philokaisar, literally translates, "friend of the emperor." Philadelphia was in the administrative district of Sardis. In 17, the city suffered severely from an earthquake, and Tiberius relieved it of having to pay taxes. In response, the city granted honors to Tiberius. Evidence from coinage reveals that Caligula also helped the city. Under Vespasian, Philadelphia received his cognomen, Flavia. Under Caracalla, Philadelphia housed an imperial cult; its coins bore the word Neokoron (literally, "temple-sweeper," meaning caretaker of the temple). A small theater located at the northern edge of Toptepe Hill is all that remains of Roman Philadelphia.RP88164. Bronze AE 19, RPC I 3028 (4 spec.), Waddington 5136, Imhoof-Blumer LS p. 118, 18, & Taf. V, 9; BMC Lydia -, aF, dark patina, light scratches, weight 4.339 g, maximum diameter 18.5 mm, die axis 0^o, Lydia, Philadelphia (Alasehir, Turkey) mint, magistrate Kleandros, 16 Mar 37 - 24 Jan 41 A.D.; obverse ΓAIOC KAICAP, bare head right; reverse capricorn left, with cornucopia on its back,

monogram left, ΦIΛOKAICAP (Philokaisar) above, ΦIΛA∆EΛΦEΩN (Philadelphia) over KΛEAN∆POC (Kleandros) below; rare; $85.00 (�72.25)

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Severus Alexander, 13 March 222 - March 235 A.D., Parium, Mysia

Founded in 709 B.C., the ancient city of Parion was a major coastal city, near Lampsacus, with two harbors used to connect Thrace with Anatolia. Parium belonged to the Delian League. In the Hellenistic period, it came under the domain of Lysimachus, and subsequently the Attalid dynasty. Julius Caesar refounded it as a colonia in the province of Asia. It was the main customs station through which all goods bound for Byzantium from Greece and the Aegean had to pass. When this coin was minted, Parium was within the Conventus of Adramyteum. After Asia was divided in the 4th century, Parium was in the province of Hellespontus. Today it is the village of Kemer in the township of Biga, Canakkale province, Turkey.RP85746. Bronze AE 22, RPC Online VI temp 3875 (3 spec., all same dies), SNG �anakkale 226 var. (same obv. die, normal rev.), SNG Cop -, SNGvA -, SNG BnF -, BMC Mysia -, VF, edge flaws, minor pitting, weight 4.930 g, maximum diameter 21.4 mm, die axis 195^o, Parium (Kemer, Canakkale, Turkey) mint, 13 Mar 222 - Mar 235 A.D.; obverse IMP CAEƧ L ƧEP ƧEV ALEXANDER, laureate and cuirassed bust right, seen from the front, cuirass with Gorgoneion; reverse Capricorn swimming left, holding celestial globe between legs, cornucopia on back, C G I H P (Colonia Gemella Iulia Hadriana Pariana) retrograde below (the entire reverse is retrograde - the normal type is Capricorn right); rare; $80.00 (�68.00)

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