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Index Of All Titles


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XXI

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ERIC Table of Contents


Title Page

Introduction

About Roman Coins

Denominations

Coins of Other Ancient Cultures

Identifying Roman Coins

How To Use This Book

Mintmarks

Mint Map

Pricing And Grading

Bibliography

Reference Catalogs Cited

Coin Terms Used

Glossary

Rarity Tables

Index of Rulers

Photography Credits

Additional Web Resources

Imperial Catalog:

AUGUSTUS
LIVA
AGRIPPA
NERO CLAUDIUS DRUSUS
GERMANICUS
AGRIPPINA I
TIBERIUS
DRUSUS
ANTONIA
CALIGULA
CLAUDIUS I
BRITANNICUS
AGRIPPINA II
NERO
GALBA
CLODIUS MACER
OTHO
VITELLIUS
VESPASIAN
DOMITILLA
TITUS
DOMITIAN
DOMITIA
JULIA TITI
NERVA
TRAJAN
PLOTINA
MARCIANA
MATIDIA
HADRIAN
SABINA
AELIUS
ANTONINUS PIUS
FAUSTINA I
MARCUS AURELIUS
FAUSTINA II
LUCIUS VERUS
LUCILLA
COMMODUS
CRISPINA
PERTINAX
DIDIUS JULIANUS
MANLIA SCANTILLA
DIDIA CLARA
PESCENNIUS NIGER
CLODIUS ALBINUS
SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS
JULIA DOMNA
CARACALLA
PLAUTILLA
GETA
MACRINUS
DIADUMENIAN
ELAGABALUS
JULIA MAESA
JULIA SOAEMIAS
JULIA PAULA
AQUILIA SEVERA
ANNIA FAUSTINA
SEVERUS ALEXANDER
JULIA MAMAEA
ORBIANA
MAXIMINUS I
PAULINA
MAXIMUS
GORDIAN I
GORDIAN II
BALBINUS
PUPIENUS
GORDIAN III
TRANQUILLINA
PHILIP I
OTACILIA SEVERA
PHILIP II
PACATIAN
JOTAPIAN
TRAJAN DECIUS
HERENNIA ETRUSCILLA
HERENNIUS ETRUSCUS
HOSTILIAN
TREBONIANUS GALLUS
VOLUSIAN
AEMILIAN
CORNELIA SUPERA
SILBANNACUS
URANIUS ANTONINUS
VALERIAN I
MARINIANA
VALERIAN II
GALLIENUS
SALONINA
SALONINUS
REGALIANUS
DRYANTILLA
POSTUMUS
LAELIANUS
MARIUS
VICTORINUS
DOMITIAN II
TETRICUS I
TETRICUS II
QUIETUS
MACRIANUS
CLAUDIUS II
QUINTILLUS
AURELIAN
SEVERINA
ZENOBIA
VABALATHUS
TACITUS
FLORIAN
PROBUS
SATURNINUS
CARUS
CARINUS
MAGNIA URBICA
NIGRIAN
NUMERIAN
JULIAN I
DIOCLETIAN
MAXIMIAN
CARAUSIUS
ALLECTUS
DOMITIUS DOMITIANUS
CONSTANTIUS I
THEODORA
GALERIUS
GALERIA VALERIA
SEVERUS II
MAXENTIUS
ROMULUS
CONSTANTINE I
HELENA
FAUSTA
ALEXANDER
LICINIUS I
CONSTANTIA
MAXIMINUS II
LICINIUS II
CRISPUS
VALERIUS VALENS
MARTINIAN
CONSTANTINE II
DELMATIUS
HANNIBALLIANUS
CONSTANS
CONSTANTIUS II
MAGNENTIUS
DECENTIUS
NEPOTIAN
VETRANO
CONSTANTIUS GALLUS
JULIAN II
JOVIAN
VALENTINIAN I
VALENS
PROCOPIUS
GRATIAN
VALENTINIAN II
THEODOSIUS I
AELIA FLACCILLA
MAGNUS MAXIMINUS
FLAVIUS VICTOR
EUGENIUS
HONORIUS
CONSTANTINE III
CONSTANS II
MAXIMINUS
PRISCUS ATTALUS
JOVINUS
SABASTIANUS
CONSTANTIUS III
GALLA PLACIDIA
JOHANNES
VALENTINIAN III
LICINIA EUDOXIA
HONORIA
PETRONIUS MAXIMINUS
AVITUS
MAJORIAN
LIBIUS SEVERUS
ANTHEMIUS
EUPHEMIA
ANICIUS OLYBRIUS
GLYCERIUS
JULIUS NEPOS
ROMULUS AUGUSTUS
ARCADIUS
EUDOXIA
PULCHERIA
THEODOSIUS II
EUDOCIA
MARCIAN
LEO I
VERINA
LEO II
ZENO
ARIADNE
BASILISCUS
ZENONIS
LEONTIUS I
ANASTASIUS I
ANONYMOUS COINAGE

ERIC The Encyclopedia of Roman Imperial Coins
by Rasiel Suarez


Valerian I 

    Augustus 253-260 

Valerian was proclaimed Augustus by his own troops following the death of Trebonianus Gallus. He was another one of the emperors whose legacy was that of fighting war after war during his reign. He was the first emperor who realized that the Empire was getting just too big and unwieldy to manage and granted co-emperor status to his son Gallienus so that he could focus wholeheartedly to the business of putting out the fires. More sensationally, he stands alone in the roster of Roman Emperors for having been kidnapped by a foreigner, in this case the Persian king Shapur. To add insult to injury, it was reported that after killing him he was stuffed and turned into a footstool! 
 
Valerian, along with his family, are the last to make Antoniniani that can be called silver. By the mid-250 's there was so little silver in these pieces that they started falling apart soon after leaving the mint. Even those minted early in his reign were so debased that the coins were very delicate. Once they were lost in the ground they tended to lose much of the base metal making up the bulk of the coin leaving behind a spongy-looking mess. Look for these on Ebay and coin dealer 's "junk bins". 
 
The very earliest Ants, those from 253-255, can sometimes be found in "nice metal" and tend to be prized as portrait coins in collector sets. 
 
By now true bronze coins are rare. The emperors were using that copper to make Antoniniani and, in effect, it was wasteful to make coins that were essentially just as expensive to make, if not more, but had a lower face value. Strangely, the Dupondius is the bigger casualty as it just simply vanishes. Bona fide coppers are struck with laureate portraits in roughly lighter and heavier versions which we take to mean they were nominally equivalent to the Sestertius and As, respectively. Another bizarre practice begins to emerge in that these coins along with having wildly fluctuating weights are also often found today misshapen and often of a "squarish" appearance. It 's unclear whether they were struck this way or it was just practice to chop off coin sides to make small small change.  

Busts:  

1) Laureate, cuirassed bust right 
2) Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right 
3) Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right of Valerian I facing Gallienus laureate, draped and cuirassed bust left 
4) Laureate, draped bust right 
5) Laureate, draped bust right of Valerian I facing Gallienus laureate, draped bust left 
7) Radiate, cuirassed bust right 
8) Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right 
9) Radiate, draped bust right 

 

Obverses: 

 
2) FELICIBVS AVGG 
3) IMP C LIC VALERIANO AVG 
4) IMP C P LIC VALERIANO AVG 
5) IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG 
6) IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P AVG 
7) IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS PF AVG 
8) IMP C VALERIANVS PF AVG 
9) IMP CAES P LIC VALERIANVS AVG 
10) IMP P LIC VALERIANO AVG 
11) IMP VALERIANVS P AVG 
12) IMP VALERIANVS PF AVG 
13) IMP VALERIANVS PIVS AVG 
14) IMP VALERIANVS PIVS FEL AVG 
15) PIETAS AVGVSTORVM 
16) VALERIANVS PF AVG  

 

Reverses: 

 
3) AETERNIT AVGG 
8) APOLINI CONSERVAT 
10) APOLINI PROPVGN 
11) APOLL SALVTARI 
12) APOLLINI CONSERVA 
14) BONVS EVENT AVG 
15) CONCOR EXERC 
16) CONCOR LEGG 
17) CONCOR MIL 
20) CONCORDIA EXERCITI 
21) CONCORDIAE AVGG 
22) CONSACRATIO 
24) CONSERVT AVGG 
27) FELICIT AVGVSTORVM 
29) FELICITAS EXERCITI 
31) FIDES MILITVM 
33) GALLIENVS CVM EXERCSVO 
35) IOVI CONSERV 
43) LIBERALITAS AVG III 
45) LIBERALITAS AVGG II 
46) LIBERALITAS AVGG III 
49) MARTI PACIF 
50) MARTI PACIFERO 
53) PACATORI ORBIS 
54) PAX AVGG 
57) PIETATI AVGG 
58) PM TR P II COS II PP 
59) PM TR P II COS PP 
60) PM TR P III COS II PP 
61) PM TR P III COS III 
62) PM TR P III COS III PP 
63) PM TR P IIII COS II PP 
64) PM TR P V COS II PP 
65) PM TR P V COS III PP 
66) PM TR P V COS IIII PP 
69) RELIGIO AVGG 
70) RESTITVT GENER HVMANI 
72) RESTITVTI GENER HVMANI 
74) RESTITVTORI ORBIS 
76) ROMAE AETERNE 
78) SALVS AVG 
79) SALVS AVGG 
81) SECVLI FELICITAS 
82) SECVRIT PERP 
86) VESTA 
87) VICT AVGG 
88) VICT PART 
94) VICTORIA EXERCIT 
98) VICTORIAE 
101) VIRTVS AVG 
103) VOTA ORBIS 
104) No legend 

 

Types: 

 
1) Annona standing left, holding grain ears over modius and cornucopia
2) Apollo standing left, holding branch and lyre on rock 
3) Apollo standing left, holding branch and lyre on rock, next to Luna (Diana), also standing left, with bow and arrow. 
4) Apollo standing right, aiming with bow and arrow. 
5) Concordia seated left, holding patera and two cornucopiae
6) Concordia standing left, holding patera and two cornucopiae
7) Concordia standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding cornucopia
8) Concordia standing, facing, holding standard in each hand. 
9) Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopia
10) Felicitas standing left, holding scepter and cornucopia
11) Fides standing left, holding standard in each hand. 
12) Fides standing, facing, holding vexillum and scepter
13) Fortuna standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia
14) Genius standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding grain ears. 
15) Juno standing left, holding patera and scepter
16) Jupiter seated left, holding patera and scepter; eagle to left. 
17) Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and scepter
18) Jupiter standing on cippus reading IOVI VICTORI, holding Victory and scepter
19) Laetitia standing left, holding wreath and anchor
20) Laetitia standing right, holding wreath and anchor
21) Legend QVATERNIO  
22) Liberalitas seated left, holding coin counter and cornucopia 
23) Liberalitas standing left, holding coin counter and cornucopia 
24) Libertas standing left, holding pileus and scepter 
25) Luna (Diana) advancing right, holding torch. 
26) Luna (Diana) standing left, pulling arrow from quiver and holding bow. 
27) Luna (Diana) standing right, holding torch. 
28) Mars advancing left, holding branch and spear with shield
29) Mars advancing left, holding branch and spear. 
30) Mars advancing right, holding spear and trophy
31) Mercury standing left, holding purse and caduceus
32) Monetae (3) standing left, holding scale and cornucopia; piles of coins by their feet. 
33) Pax standing, facing, holding branch and scepter 
34) Pietas standing left, leaning on column, holding scepter
35) Sacrificial implements: lituus, cruet, simpulum, etc. (variously arranged) 
36) Providentia standing left, holding wand over globe and scepter
37) Roma helmeted bust right 
38) Roma seated left, holding Victory and spear. 
39) Salus standing left, feeding snake on altar and holding scepter 
40) Saturn standing right, holding scepter
41) Securitas standing left, leaning on column and with legs crossed, holding scepter
42) Securitas standing left, leaning on column, resting head on hand. 
43) Sol advancing left, raising hand and holding globe 
44) Sol advancing left, raising hand and holding whip 
45) Sol standing left, raising hand and holding whip. 
46) Spes advancing left, holding flower and raising skirt. 
47) Temple with (4) columns, Vulcan within, holding hammer over anvil and tongs. 
48) Trophy, seated captive on either side
49) Valerian I advancing right, raising hand and holding globe. 
50) Valerian I and Gallienus seated left on platform with two lictors, Liberalitas to left, holding coin counter and cornucopia and citizen on steps to lower left 
51) Valerian I and Gallienus seated left, lictor between and behind them. 
52) Valerian I and Gallienus standing right on platform, attended by lictor, addressing several soldiers. 
53) Valerian I and Gallienus standing, facing each other, two shields and two spears between them. 
54) Valerian I and Gallienus standing, facing each other; emperor on left holding scepter and globe and one on right holding Victory and spear. 
55) Valerian I and Gallienus standing, sacrificing over altar in between. 
56) Valerian I riding biga right, being crowned by Victory
57) Valerian I riding eagle right, flying towards heaven. 
58) Valerian I riding horse left, led by Victory and followed by soldier 
59) Valerian I seated left, holding globe and scepter
60) Valerian I seated left, holding patera and scepter; eagle to left. 
61) Valerian I standing left on right, holding spear, holding hand of kneeling Orbis to left 
62) Valerian I standing left on right, holding spear, receiving wreath from Oriens to left, holding scepter
63) Valerian I standing left, resting hand on shield and holding spear. 
64) Valerian I standing left, resting hand on shield
65) Valerian I standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding scepter
66) Valerian I standing left, sacrificing over altar and holding scepter with eagle atop. 
67) Venus standing left, holding helmet and spear 
68) Venus standing left, raising hand and holding palm; shield to side
69) Vesta standing left, holding patera and scepter
70) Victories (2) standing, facing each other, holding together shield reading SC on palm tree. 
71) Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm
72) Victory advancing left, stepping on captive, holding wreath and palm
73) Victory advancing right, holding wreath and palm
74) Victory riding biga right. 
75) Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm
76) Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm; seated captive to left. 
77) Victory standing left, holding wreath and resting hand on shield 
78) Victory standing left, resting hand on shield and holding palm
79) Victory standing left, resting hand on shield and holding palm; seated captive by feet. 
80) Virtus standing left, holding Victory and spear with shield
81) Virtus standing left, holding Victory
82) Virtus standing left, resting hand on shield and holding spear. 
83) Wreath, VOTIS DECENNALIBVS within 

 

Mints: 

 
1) Antioch 
3) Mediolanum 
4) Roma 
5) Samosata 

 
 
AU Aureus Reference(s) 
 
1) B1, O16, R025, T47 RIC Vi
2) B2, O07, R028, T09 RIC Vi 34, C 52 
3) B2, O07, R052, T45 RIC Vi 46, C 133 
4) B2, O07, R093, T75 

 
 
5) B1, O07, R051, T32 

 
 
6) B6, O05, R103, T70 RIC Vi 296, C 281 
7) B8, O01, R056, T55 RIC Vi 285, C 152 
8) B8, O05, R005, T40 RIC Vi 67 
9) B8, O05, R009, T04 RIC Vi 74, C 25 
10) B8, O05, R028, T09 RIC Vi 86, C 55 
11) B8, O05, R030, T25 RIC Vi 213, C 61 
12) B8, O05, R031, T11 RIC Vi 89, C 65 
13) B8, O05, R041, T19 RIC Vi 41, C 100 
14) B8, O05, R053, T16 RIC Vi 218, C 145 
15) B8, O05, R057, T34 RIC Vi 219, C 155 
16) B8, O05, R066, T53 RIC Vi 277, C 169 
17) B8, O05, R070, T48 RIC Vi 220, C 179 
18) B8, O05, R071, T62 RIC Vi 287, C 189 
19) B8, O05, R074, T60 RIC Vi 119, C 180 
20) B8, O05, R079, T39 RIC Vi 121 
21) B8, O05, R092, T75 RIC Vi 125, C 230 
22) B8, O05, R093, T75 RIC Vi 124 
23) B8, O05, R102, T54 RIC Vi 292 
24) B8, O05, R102, T65 RIC Vi 140, C 254 
25) B8, O05, R102, T82 RIC Vi 133, C 263 
26) B8, O05, R103, T70 RIC Vi 295, C 279 
27) B8, O06, R102, T80 RIC Vi 268, C 272 
28) B8, O07, R006, T01 RIC Vi 69, C 13 
29) B8, O07, R023, T03 RIC Vi 85, C 50 
30) B8, O07, R028, T09 RIC Vi 87, C 53 
31) B8, O07, R041, T19 RIC Vi 216 
32) B8, O07, R043, T23 RIC Vi 44, C 118 
33) B8, O07, R069, T26 Q in right field RIC Vi 115, C 177 
34) B8, O07, R071, T62 RIC Vi 286, C 188 
35) B8, O07, R073, T61 RIC Vi 50 
36) B8, O07, R085, T67 RIC Vi 222, C 212 
37) B8, O07, R093, T75 RIC Vi 261, C 223 
38) B8, O07, R093, T78 RIC Vi 128, C 224 
39) B8, O07, R102, T54 RIC Vi 293, C 276 
40) B8, O07, R102, T82 RIC Vi 227 
41) B8, O16, R051, T43 RIC Vi 12, C 143a 
42) B9, O06, R016, T05 RIC Vi 236, C 44 
43) B9, O06, R031, T12 RIC Vi 241, C 71 
44) B9, O06, R054, T33 RIC Vi 245, C 147 
45) B9, O06, R084, T46 RIC Vi 257, C 205 
46) B9, O10, R031, T12 RIC Vi 240, C 74 

 
 
AE Sestertius Reference(s) 
 
47) B1, O06, R092, T75 RIC Vi 178, C 233 


48) B1, O07, R092, T75 RIC Vi 202, C 227 
49) B2, O05, R092, T75 RIC Vi 177, C 234 
50) B2, O05, R102, T82 RIC Vi 182, C 219 
51) B2, O05, R104, T83 RIC Vi 184, C 283 
52) B2, O07, R044, T23 RIC Vi 165, C 121 

 
AE As 
 
53) B2, O06, R016, T07 
54) B2, O07, R007, T02 RIC Vi 190, C 23 
55) B2, O07, R038, T17 RIC Vi 195 

 
 

Valerian I Busts 

Valerian I Types 

 

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