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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Greek Coins| ▸ |Geographic - All Periods| ▸ |Anatolia| ▸ |Caria| ▸ |Persian Caria||View Options:   | | | Croesus briefly incorporated Caria into Lydia before it fell to the Persian advance. Caria was incorporated as a satrapy into the Persian Achaemenid Empire in 545 B.C. The Hecatomnid dynasty or Hecatomnids were the rulers of Caria and surrounding areas from about 395 - 334 B.C. They were nominally satraps (governors) under the Persian Achaeminid Empire, but ruled with considerable autonomy, and established a hereditary dynasty. The dynasty originally had its seat in Mylasa. Mausolus moved it to Halicarnassus. Other major towns were Latmus (later Heracleia), Antiochia, Myndus, Laodicea, Alinda and Alabanda. Caria participated in the Ionian Revolt (499 - 493 B.C.) against Persian rule. During the Second Persian invasion of Greece, the cities of Caria were allies of Xerxes I and they fought at the Battle of Artemisium and the Battle of Salamis. Themistocles, before the battles of Artemisium and Salamis, tried to split the Ionians and Carians from the Persian coalition. He told them to come and be on his side or not to participate at the battles, but if they were bound down by too strong compulsion to be able to make revolt, when the battles begin, to be purposely slack. After the unsuccessful Persian invasion of Greece the cities of Caria became members of the Delian League. |
Hidrieus, like his older brother, Maussollos, showcased his wealth with building projects. Most importantly he built new and improved existing monuments at Labraundus, among the oldest religious centers for the region. The remains of his temple to Zeus Labraundos, where the cult statue depicted on this coin stood, can still be seen there today.GS55014. Silver tetradrachm, BMC Caria p. 183, 1; SNG Kayhan 880; SNG Fitzwilliam 4746; SNGvA -; SNG Cop -, gVF, weight 15.231 g, maximum diameter 22.0 mm, die axis 0o, Halikarnassos (Bodrum, Turkey) mint, c. 340 - 334 B.C.; obverse laureate head of Apollo facing slightly right; reverse IΔΠIΕΩΣ, Zeus Labraundos standing right, labrys in right over shoulder, inverted spear vertical in left, E between leg and spear; SOLD
Persian Achaemenid Empire, Carian Satrapy, Pixodarus, c. 340 - 335 B.C.
The archer-horseman tetradrachms are one of the most enigmatic Persian coinages struck in Asia Minor prior to the invasion of Alexander the Great. No inscriptions identify the issuer, mint, or purpose of the issue. The Pixodarus Hoard included only examples without symbols or letters in the fields, thus dating the earliest of the type to c. 350 B.C. and dating those with symbols to after the deposit date, 341 B.C. In that period, many possible Satraps could have been the issuer.
The type may have been issued by Memnon, the famous and worthy adversary of Alexander. As a Carian, Greek-style issue, the type was likely issued for the hire of Greek mercenaries. Memnon co-commanded local forces before the defeat at the Granicus and afterward was in charge of all forces in Western Asia Minor. At Granicus he was joined on the left wing (where Alexander charged) by Orontobates, the son-in-law of Pixodaros. Memnon was a 'rebel' Greek (actually Rhodian) commander and a very competent one at that. He sailed away from the siege at Halicaranassos and became a thorn in Alexander's side, threatening his lines of communication and more than once capturing the coastal towns and islands as the conqueror moved South. He fell ill and died before he could more greatly affect the invasion, a great loss to the faltering Persian Empire.
Another possible issuer is Orontobates, the Satrap of Caria after the death of Pixodaros. Orontobates assisted in the defence of Halicarnassos, and was later at Gaugemela, afterward he is not heard of again and we presume he died.SH22452. Silver tetradrachm, Konuk Influences, group 5 var.; SNG Cop 290-291 var.; Traité II 121 var. (all refs head of Herakles), gVF, weight 15.077 g, maximum diameter 25.1 mm, die axis 0o, Halikarnassos (Bodrum, Turkey) mint, c. 340 - 335 B.C.; obverse Kneeling-running figure of the Great King right, drawing bow, bearded, crowned, quiver at shoulder; reverse satrap on horseback right, thrusting spear; above left, bearded male head facing right; attractively toned, minor porosity; Ex Gorny & Mosch 117 lot 335; ex CNG 69 lot 449, ex CNG 72 lot 801; unpublished symbol variety of an extremely rare type; SOLD
Persian Achaemenid Empire, Carian Satrapy, Pixodarus, c. 340 - 335 B.C.
Lustrous, with light rosy iridescence. A spectacular coin struck from dies of finest style on a broad flan.SH27863. Silver didrachm, SNG Cop 597; SNGvA 2375; SNG Keckman 280; SNG Kayhan 891; SNG Lockett 2913; BMC Caria p. 185, 5 ff.; Weber 6608; SGCV II 4966, Choice EF, weight 6.914 g, maximum diameter 21.0 mm, die axis 0o, Halikarnassos (Bodrum, Turkey) mint, c. 340 - 335 B.C.; obverse head of Apollo facing slightly right; reverse ΠIΞΩΔAPOY, Zeus Labraundos standing right holding scepter and double-axe; SOLD
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