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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Themes & Provenance| ▸ |Gods, Non-Olympian| ▸ |Tyche||View Options:   | | | Tyche (Greek for luck; the Roman equivalent was Fortuna) was the guardian deity that governed the fortune and prosperity of a city, its destiny. She is usually depicted veiled and wearing a mural crown (a crown like the walls of the city). The blind mistress of Fortune, Tyche was arbitrary and unreliable, distributing good and evil according to her caprice and without any regard to merit. The Greek historian Polybius believed that when no cause can be discovered for events such as floods, drought or frosts then the cause of these events could be fairly attributed to Tyche. |
RPC Online III notes of their specimen, "The date does seem to begin with E, even though one would expect ς with year 4 of the second era. Confirmation required. If correctly read, it might show that the Hadrianic era began at a different time of year from the normal city era, or it might just be a mistake, as commonly happened at Gaza." Our coin appears to have the expected date, but with a reversed ς.RP111379. Bronze AE 24, Unpublished variant, RPC Online III 4014A var. (EKC, the only known specimen), VF, attractive highlighting earthen deposits, rev. off center, weight 12.265 g, maximum diameter 23.5 mm, die axis 0o, Askalon (Ashqelon, Israel) mint, 132 - 133 A.D.; obverse CEBAC-TOC (starting counterclockwise on right, ending counterclockwise on left), laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse ACKΛAW upward on left, Tyche-Astarte standing half left on prow, head left, vexillum standard in right hand, aphlaston in left hand, LΔ (year 4 [of Hadrian]) over incense altar inner left; dove standing left over ΣKC ([year] 226 [of Ascalon], Σ reversed) lower right; extremely rare;
Elagabalus, 16 May 218 - 11 March 222 A.D., Aelia Capitolina (Jerusalem), Syria Palestina
In 132, a messianic, charismatic Jewish leader Simon bar Kokhba started the Bar Kokhba revolt, a war of liberation for Judea against Rome. At first the rebellion was a success. The legion X Fretensis was forced to retreat from Jerusalem to Caesarea. The legion XXII Deiotariana, which advanced from Egypt, was destroyed. The Jews re-established their sacrifices and struck coins to celebrate their independence. The rebellion would last for only 30 months. By 135, the Romans had recaptured Jerusalem, Simon bar Kokhba was dead, and the majority of the Jewish population of Judea was either killed, exiled, or sold into slavery. Jerusalem was renamed Colonia Aelia Capitolina and an altar to Jupiter was erected on the site of the Temple. After these events, the Jews would remain scattered without a homeland for close to two millennia.RP111378. Bronze AE 24, Unpublished bust variant; cf. RPC VI T9060, Meshorer Aelia 129, Kadman Aelia Capitolina 126, Rosenberger 64, Sofaer 126, F/aF, earthen deposits, rev. weakly struck, weight 8.221 g, maximum diameter 23.9 mm, die axis 0o, Aelia Capitolina (Jerusalem) mint, 218 - 222 A.D.; obverse IMP C M A ANTONINVS (or similar), laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Elagabalus right, seen from behind; reverse COL A C C P F (Colonia Aelia Capitolina Pius Felix), Tyche-Fortuna standing left, wearing turreted crown, right foot on helmet(?), sacrificing at horned altar at her feet with her right hand, long scepter vertical in left hand, aquila (legionary eagle standard) to left of altar, uncertain object in exergue; this is the only specimen of this bust variant known to FORVM; extremely rare;
Domitian, 13 September 81 - 18 September 96 A.D., Caesarea Maritima, Samaria, Judaea
Caesarea, about 30 miles north of Joppa and about 70 miles northwest of Jerusalem, was founded by Herod the Great and named for Caesar Augustus. It was the seat of the Roman procurators and the Roman military headquarters in Judaea. The Pilate Stone, discovered here in 1961, is only archaeological find that names Pontius Pilate, by whose order Jesus was crucified. After the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 A.D., Caesarea was the provincial capital of the Judaea Province. Well into Byzantine times, Caesarea remained the capital. In the 630s, Arab Muslim armies took the region, but kept Caesarea as its administrative center until early 8th century. Caesarea's ruins are a national park on the Mediterranean coast of Israel, about halfway between Tel Aviv and Haifa.RP111787. Bronze AE 21, RPC Online II 2231 (11 spec.); Kadman Caesarea 20; Rosenberger 18; Sofaer 19; BMC Palestine p. 16, 36, VF, brown-green surfaces, light earthen deposits, weight 9.036 g, maximum diameter 20.8 mm, die axis 0o, Caesarea Maritima (Keisaria, Israel) mint, obverse IMP DOMITIANVS CAESAR DIVI F AVG, laureate head right; reverse COL I FLA - AVG CAES (clockwise from upper right), Tyche standing slightly left, head left, wearing turreted crown, right foot on prow, human bust in right hand, cross-headed standard in left hand; ex Triton XXV (11 Jan 2022), lot 6497; ex Dr. Jay M. Galst Collection; ex IML (July 2006); this is the first specimen of this type handled by FORVM;
Geta, 209 - c. 26 December 211 A.D., Apameia, Phrygia
Struck under the authority of Artemas, agonothetes (the organizer of public games). Apamea is mentioned in the Talmud (Ber. 62a, Niddah, 30b and Yeb. 115b). Christianity was very likely established early in the city. Saint Paul probably visited the place when he went throughout Phrygia.RP112206. Bronze AE 26, SNGvA 3503 var. (rev. leg. arrangement); SNG Cop 217 var. (same); BMC Phrygia p. 100, 174, VF, full legends, nice green deposits, earthen deposits, mild porosity, weight 8.253 g, maximum diameter 26.2 mm, die axis 180o, Phrygia, Apameia (Dinar, Turkey) mint, as caesar, 198 - 209 A.D.; obverse ΠO CEΠTI ΓETAC KAI, bareheaded, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse EΠI AΓΩNOΘETOV APTEMA AΠA/MEΩN (last four letters in fields), Tyche standing half left, holding rudder by tiller in right hand, cornucopia in left hand;
Judaean Kingdom, Herod Agrippa II, c. 49 - 95 A.D., for Vespasian
Paul was accused by Jewish leaders of blaspheming God, desecrating the temple, encouraging people to disobey Mosaic Law, sedition, insurrection, and creating riots against the government. Paul appealed, using his right as a Roman citizen for a decision from the Emperor in Rome. He was imprisoned in Caesarea Maritima awaiting transport to Rome. Agrippa and Bernice met with the Roman governor Festus a few days later. They held a hearing to discuss the charges. Paul described his conversion on the road to Damascus, then said, "I preached that they should repent and turn to God and prove their repentance by their deeds. I am saying nothing beyond what the prophets and Moses said would happen—that the Christ would suffer and, as the first to rise from the dead, would proclaim light to his own people and to the Gentiles." Festus thought Paul was out of his mind. He couldn’t understand why the Jewish leaders would bother with him. Agrippa said, "Are you trying to convert me?" Paul replied, "Short time or long - I pray God that not only you, but all who are listening to me today may become what I am, except for these chains." Agrippa and Festus later agreed Paul had not done anything that deserves death or imprisonment. Agrippa said to Festus, "This man could have been set free if he had not appealed to Caesar."RP112387. Bronze full unit, RPC II 2243; Hendin 6331 (R); Meshore TJC 135; Sofaer 184; BMC Palestine p. 240, 6; Meshorer AJC II pl. 11, 7, F/aVF, obv. die wear, corrosion, porosity/pitting, edge split, weight 15.286 g, maximum diameter 29.6 mm, die axis 0o, Caesarea Paneas (Banias, Golan Heights) mint, 73 - 74 A.D.; obverse AYTOKPA OYECΠACI KAICAPI CEBACTΩ, laureate head of Vespasian right; reverse Tyche standing slightly left, head left, kalathos on head, heads of barley in extended right hand, cornucopia in left hand, ET ΔI - BA / AΓPI-ΠΠA (year 14, King Agrippa); ex Naville Numismatics auction 75 (31 Jul 2022), lot 226; first specimen of this type handled by FORVM; rare;
Maximinus I Thrax, 20 March 235 - late May 238 A.D., Philadelphia, Cilicia Trachea
Philadelphia (Greek: brotherly love) in ancient Cilicia Trachea (later of Isauria) was on the river Calycadnus, above Aphrodisias. Its site is tentatively located near Imsi Ören in Asiatic Turkey. Neither Philadelphia in Lydia (Alasehir, Turkey today) nor Philadelphia, in the Decapolis, later Arabia Petraea (Amman, Jordan today) struck coins for Maximinus Thrax.RB98739. Bronze AE 34, SNG BnF 760, SNG Levante 580, SNGvA 5804, SNG Leypold 2580, Lindgren-Kovacs 786, RPC Online VI T6889, EF, dark patina, pitting, a little off center, weight 14.930 g, maximum diameter 34.1 mm, die axis 0o, Cilicia, Philadelphia (near Imsi Ören, Turkey) mint, 20 Mar 235 - late May 238 A.D.; obverse AVT K Γ IOVH MAΞIMEINOC, laureate and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse ΦILALELFFEΩN KHTIΛOC, Tyche standing left, kalathos on head, grounded rudder in right hand held by tiller, cornucopia in left hand; from the CEB Collection, ex Edward J. Waddell, big 34mm!;
Trajan, 25 January 98 - 8 or 9 August 117 A.D., Ascalon, Judaea
Askalon lies on the shore of the Mediterranean, ten miles north of Gaza and about 40 miles south of Joppa. Herod the Great ruled all of Palestine, except Askalon, which remained a free city. Today, a national park at Ashqelon, Israel includes ruins of Canaanite, Greek, Roman, Byzantine and Crusader walls and buildings. Askalon's era of autonomy, used to date this coin, began in 104 B.C.RP111995. Bronze AE 23, RPC Online III 3996; Sofaer 114; De Saulcy 14, BMC Palestine p. 125, 156; Rosenberger III p. 76, 25 (Trajan) or 26 (Hadrian); SNG ANS 710; Yashin 163, F, green patina, light earthen deposits, porosity, weight 12.006 g, maximum diameter 23.1 mm, die axis 0o, Askalon (Ashqelon, Israel) mint, 116 - 117 A.D.; obverse CEBACTOC, laureate head right of Trajan (or Hadrian?); reverse ACKAΛΩ, Tyche-Astarte standing left on galley, vexillum in right hand, apluster in left, altar left, dove above KC (Year 220) on right; ex CNG e-auction 526 (2 Nov 2022), lot 293;
Nero, 13 October 54 - 9 June 68 A.D., Caesarea Maritima, Judaea
Caesarea, about 30 miles north of Joppa and about 70 miles northwest of Jerusalem, was founded by Herod the Great and named for Caesar Augustus. It was the seat of the Roman procurators and the Roman military headquarters in Judaea. The Pilate Stone, discovered here in 1961, is only archaeological find that names Pontius Pilate, by whose order Jesus was crucified. After the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 A.D., Caesarea was the provincial capital of the Judaea Province. Well into Byzantine times, Caesarea remained the capital. In the 630s, Arab Muslim armies took the region, but kept Caesarea as its administrative center until early 8th century. Caesarea's ruins are a national park on the Mediterranean coast of Israel, about halfway between Tel Aviv and Haifa.RP110762. Bronze AE 25, Kadman Caesarea Maritima 4 (same dies); RPC Online I 4862; Sofaer 7 ff.; Rosenberger 5 ff.; SNG ANS 753 ff.; Baramki 2 ff., F, nice glossy green patina, porosity, light earthen deposits, obv. off center, rev. legend mostly off flan, weight 14.258 g, maximum diameter 24.8 mm, die axis 45o, Caesarea Maritima (Keisaria, Israel) mint, 68 A.D.; obverse NEPΩN ΣEBAΣTOΣ KAICAP (from upper right), laureate head right; reverse KAIΣAPIA H ΠPOΣ ΣEBAΣTΩ ΛIME (from upper right), Tyche standing left, right foot resting on prow, bust in extended right hand, standard vertical behind in left hand, L IΔ in lower left field;
Bagis, Lydia, c. 193 - 268 A.D.
Inscriptions uncovered by Keppel place ancient Bagis near Sirghe on the left (south) side of the Hermos River. Modern scholars pinpoint a site at Güre, Usak Province, Turkey. The "Treasures of Croesus" findings from Lydian tumuli around the town were plundered in the 1960s but recovered by the 2000s and now in the Usak Museum.RP99127. Bronze AE 26, GRPC Lydia II pl. 29, 36; SNG Cop 45; SNG Mün 45; SNG Tüb 3667; BMC Lydia p. 33, 16; Winterthur 3702; Weber 6786; SNGvA -, VF, attractive style, well centered on a tight flan, green patina, weight 9.455 g, maximum diameter 25.7 mm, die axis 180o, Bagis (Güre, Turkey) mint, c. 193 - 268 A.D.; obverse CVNK-ΛHTOC, youthful draped bust of the Roman Senate right; reverse KAICAPEΩN BAΓHNΩN, Tyche standing sightly left, head left, kalathos on head, holding grounded rudder by tiller in right hand, cornucopia in left hand;
Antioch, Seleukis and Pieria, Syria, 128 - 129 A.D.
Michael Molnar, an astronomer, believes this coin depicts Jupiter's occultation of Aries in 6 B.C., the most probable "Star of Bethlehem." We think it is unlikely; nevertheless, the type is very popular and somewhat expensive.GB90244. Bronze trichalkon, RPC Online III 3729, Butcher CRS 266, McAlee 125(d), SNG Hunterian II 2950, F, dark near black patina, highlighting red earthen deposits, weight 5.145 g, maximum diameter 18.8 mm, die axis 0o, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, reign of Hadrian, 128 - 129 A.D.; obverse ANTIOXEΩN THC MHTPOΠOΛEWC, veiled and turreted head of Tyche right, weak countermark at chin; reverse ram leaping right, looking back, star within crescent above, ET ZOP (year 177 of the Caesarean Era) below;
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