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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Greek Coins| ▸ |Geographic - All Periods| ▸ |Thrace & Moesia| ▸ |Deultum||View Options:  |  |  | 

Deultum, Thrace

The Roman Colony of Deultum (Debelt, Bulgaria today) was founded during the reign of Vespasian on the west shore of Lake Mandren between Anchialus and Apollonia, and settled with veterans of Legio VIII Augusta. The town followed the usual Roman plan, with a very good water supply, sewers, and impressive baths with floor heating. It became one of the richest towns in the province. During the reign Mark Aurelius, Deultum was protected by large fortified walls and for centuries it served as an important communication point and a bulwark against barbarian raids. In 812 Khan Krum conquered Develt (its medieval name), banished the local residents to the north of Danube River, and resettled the town with Bulgarians.

Maximus, Caesar, 235 or 236 - 24 June 238 A.D., Deultum, Thrace

|Deultum|, |Maximus,| |Caesar,| |235| |or| |236| |-| |24| |June| |238| |A.D.,| |Deultum,| |Thrace||tetrassarion|NEW
The Roman Colony of Deultum (Debelt, Bulgaria today) was founded during the reign of Vespasian on the west shore of Lake Mandren between Anchialus and Apollonia, and settled with veterans of Legio VIII Augusta. The town followed the usual Roman plan, with a very good water supply, sewers, and impressive baths with floor heating. It became one of the richest towns in the province. During the reign Mark Aurelius, Deultum was protected by large fortified walls and for centuries it served as an important communication point and a bulwark against barbarian raids. In 812 Khan Krum conquered Develt (its medieval name), banished the local residents to the north of Danube River, and resettled the town with Bulgarians.

Oiskos (Oescus), modern Iskar, is a tributary of the Danube river.
RP113330. Bronze tetrassarion, Draganov Deultum 822-24 (O94/R635); SNG Bobokov 822; Jurukova Deultum 228; RPC Online VI T835; BMC Thrace p. 112, 15; MPR II-4 1976; Varbanov II 2490, VF, red-brown surfaces resembling embossed leather, light roughness, slightly off center obverse, central mint dimples, weight 7.729 g, maximum diameter 24.1 mm, die axis 45o, Deultum (Debelt, Bulgaria) mint, c. 235/236 - 24 Jun 238 A.D.; obverse C IVL VER MAXIMVS CAES, Bareheaded, draped and cuirassed bust right, seen from the front; reverse COL F-L PAC DE,VLT (ending in exergue), River-god (ancient personification of the Sredetska River) reclining left, reed in raised right hand, cornucopia in left hand and arm, left elbow resting on overturned urn from which water flows; ex CNG E-sale 537 (26 Apr 2023), lot 291; ex Dr. Michael Slavin Collection; $130.00 (€122.20)
 


Gordian III, 29 July 238 - 25 February 244 A.D., Deultum, Thrace

|Deultum|, |Gordian| |III,| |29| |July| |238| |-| |25| |February| |244| |A.D.,| |Deultum,| |Thrace||tetrassarion|NEW
On RPC Online and elsewhere, we sometimes find our river god labeled Istrus (Danube) or its Bulgarian tributary, Oiskus (modern Iskar). Both waterways, however, never flowed close to ancient Deultum. As a Roman colony, it was founded under Vespasian near the mouth of the Sredetska (srai-DETS-kah) River (ancient name unknown), which empties into Lake Mandra. The presence of galleys on the city’s coinage suggests the colony was supported by maritime trade and fishing, at a time when the lake was suitably connected to the Black Sea. Coins depicting our river god must therefore refer to a local river, as in Sredetska, the closest to Deultum of several rivers that flow into the lake.

The magnificent Gordian III coin type featuring two river gods and a galley (RPC Online VII-2 823) grants even further certainty in linking Deultum's fortunes to Lake Mandra and beyond, via the Sredetska. The overturned urn of the older, bearded river god flows into a large bowl rather than forming a river, clearly symbolizing a standing body of water. His beardless counterpart grasping the ship's rudder has long been assumed to be Thalassa, the primordial goddess of the sea. However, the figure doesn’t appear very feminine on high grade coins and lacks Thalassa's important crab claw headgear. On RPC Online VI T772, we find probably the same deity reclining left with a flowing urn and holding a reed and the prow of a ship—all very river god like except for the missing beard. In reference to this puzzle in his 1695 work, Numismata Aerea Imperatorum, Vaillant wrote, "Rivers emptying themselves into the sea, are depicted on ancient medals under the figures of old men, with flowing beards, as though they were the fathers of other streams. But the personifications of those rivers which discharge their waters into other rivers, are represented without beards." Perhaps our spurt off the old river may also personify the short, heavily navigated inlet from Lake Mandra to the sea.
RP113331. Bronze tetrassarion, Draganov Deultum 1255–1257 (O113/R638) = SNG Bobokov 1255–1257; Jurukova Deultum 250; RPC Online VII.2 956; BM Acquisitions 1921 p. 159, 33, gVF, dark green patina, good detail, minor pitting, cleaning scratches, rev. off center, small edge splits, central mint dimples, weight 6.434 g, maximum diameter 22.9 mm, die axis 225o, Deultum (Debelt, Bulgaria) mint, c. 241 - 242 A.D.; obverse IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG (AV ligate), laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse COL FL PAC DEVL,T (final letter in exergue), River-god (ancient personification of the Sredetska River) reclining left, holding cornucopia in raised right hand, resting elbow on urn from which water flows; ex CNG e-sale 537 (26 Apr 2023), lot 293; ex Dr. Michael Slavin Collection, ex Herakles Numismatics (Apr 2003); $130.00 (€122.20) ON RESERVE


Severus Alexander, 13 March 222 - February or March 235 A.D., Deultum, Thrace

|Deultum|, |Severus| |Alexander,| |13| |March| |222| |-| |February| |or| |March| |235| |A.D.,| |Deultum,| |Thrace||AE| |24|
The Three Graces, named Euphrosyne, Aglaia and Thalia, were the attendants of Aphrodite (Venus). They are shown on Roman provincial coins as a statuary group, nude and sometimes holding apples.
RP99940. Bronze AE 24, RPC Online VI T740, Jurukova Deultum 107, Draganov, Deultum 405, Varbanov II 2252, BMC Thrace -, SNG Cop -, aF, green patina, near centered on a tight flan, scratches, central dimples, weight 8.625 g, maximum diameter 24.4 mm, die axis 180o, Deultum (Debelt, Bulgaria) mint, 13 Mar 222 - Feb/Mar 235 A.D.; obverse IMP C M AVR SEV ALEXAND AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse COL FL PAC DEVLT, the Three Graces standing facing with arms around each other; $50.00 (€47.00)
 


Philip II, July or August 247 - Late 249 A.D., Deultum, Thrace

|Deultum|, |Philip| |II,| |July| |or| |August| |247| |-| |Late| |249| |A.D.,| |Deultum,| |Thrace||AE| |25|
We know of only one other example of this type, which is from the same dies and was discussed on Forum's Classical Numismatics Discussion Board.
RP68777. Bronze AE 25, Unpublished, 2nd known to Forum; Draganov Deultum -, see p. 90, obv 169 (same obverse die); SNG Deultum -; Varbanov II -; Jurukova Deultum -, gVF, uneven strike, weight 7.895 g, maximum diameter 24.5 mm, die axis 45o, Deultum (Debelt, Bulgaria) mint, obverse M IVL PHILIPPVS CAES, radiate and draped bust right, seen from behind; reverse COL - F - L PA-C DE/VLT, three-quarter view of tetrastyle temple, acroteria and antefixes along roof lines, god or goddess stands in the portico (perhaps Tyche, wearing kalathos, phiale in right, cornucopia in left); extremely rare; SOLD







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REFERENCES

Corpus Nummorum Online - http://www.corpus-nummorum.eu/
Draganov, D. The Coinage of Deultum. (Sofia, 2007).
Hill, G. "Greek coins acquired by the British Museum in 1921" in Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society, vol. 2, 1922, pp. 149 - 175.
Jurukova, J. Die Münzprägung von Deultum. Griechisches Münzwerk, Schriften zur Geschichte und Kultur der Antike 8. (Berlin, 1973).
Lindgren, H. Ancient Greek Bronze Coins: European Mints from the Lindgren Collection. (San Mateo, 1989).
Lindgren, H. Lindgren III: Ancient Greek Bronze Coins from the Lindgren Collection. (Quarryville, 1993).
Martini, R. Monetazione provinciale romana II: Collezione Winsemann Falghera. Glaux 8. (Milan, 1992).
Moushmov, N. Ancient Coins of the Balkan Peninsula. (1912).
Poole, R. ed. A Catalog of the Greek Coins in the British Museum, Thrace, etc. (London, 1877).
RPC Online - http://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/coins/
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Bulgaria I, The Bobokov Bros. Collection, Vol. I, Thrace & Moesia Inferior, Part 1: Deultum. (Bulgaria, 2005).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Denmark, The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum, Vol. 2: Macedonia and Thrace. (West Milford, NJ, 1982).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain XII, The Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow, Part 1: Roman Provincial Coins: Spain-Kingdoms of Asia Minor. (Oxford, 2004).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Grèce, Collection Réna H. Evelpidis, Part 1: Italie. Sicile - Thrace. (Athens, 1970).
Varbanov, I. Greek Imperial Coins And Their Values, Vol. II: Thrace (from Abdera to Pautalia). (Bourgas, Bulgaria, 2005).

Catalog current as of Tuesday, March 19, 2024.
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