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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Roman Coins| ▸ |The Tetrarchy| ▸ |Licinius I||View Options:   | | | Licinius I was a comrade of emperor Galerius in the Tetrarchic period. Following the abdication of Diocletian and Maximianus, Licinius was raised to the rank of Augustus despite never having held the position of Caesar. After Maximinus II invaded his territories, Licinius marched against him and defeated him soundly. Over the next few years, relations between Licinius and Constantine I deteriorated. Armed conflict broke out several times and Licinius was defeated. Only through the intervention of Licinius' wife, Constantine's sister, was his life spared. However, shortly after he was executed for additional political machinations against Constantine. |
In early in December 316, to ensure his loyalty, Licinius elevated Aurelius Valerius Valens, the dux limitis (duke of the frontier) in Dacia, to the rank of Augustus. According to Petrus Patricius, when Constantine learned of this "The emperor made clear the extent of his rage by his facial expression and by the contortion of his body. Almost unable to speak, he said, 'We have not come to this present state of affairs, nor have we fought and triumphed from the ocean till where we have now arrived, just so that we should refuse to have our own brother-in-law as joint ruler because of his abominable behavior, and so that we should deny his close kinship, but accept that vile slave [Valens] with him into imperial college.'" The treaty between Constantine and Licinius was concluded at Serdica on 1 March, 317. Whether it was part of that agreement is unknown, but Licinius had Valens executed.RL112084. Billon follis, Hunter V 243 (also 2nd officina), RIC VII Alexandria 18, SRCV IV 15248, Cohen VII 108, EF, black patina, some strike weakness in centers, weight 3.638 g, maximum diameter 21.4 mm, die axis 0o, 2nd officina, Alexandria mint, 316 - 317 A.D.; obverse IMP C VAL LICIN LICINIVS P F AVG, laureate head right; reverse IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG (to Jupiter the protector of the two emperors), Jupiter standing left, nude but for chlamys over left shoulder, Victory on globe offering wreath in right hand, long scepter in left hand, eagle with wreath in beak at feet left, K left, wreath / X / B right, ALE in exergue; from the Michael Arslan Collection; scarce (R1);
In 320 A.D., Licinius reneged on the religious freedom promised by the Edict of Milan, and began a new persecution of Christians in the Eastern Roman Empire. He destroyed churches, imprisoned Christians and confiscated their property.RL112086. Billon follis, Hunter V 138 (also 1st officina); RIC VII Nicomedia p. 604, 24 (R1), SRCV IV 15236, Cohen VII 116, Choice VF, black patina, well centered, weight 3.023 g, maximum diameter 19.8 mm, die axis 0o, 1st officina, Nicomedia (Izmit, Turkey) mint, 317 - 318 A.D.; obverse IMP LICINVS AVG, laureate consular bust left, mappa in right hand, globe and scepter in left hand; reverse IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG (to Jove the protector of the two Emperors), Jupiter standing left, nude but for chlamys over shoulder, crowned by Victory on globe in right hand, long scepter in left hand, palm frond lower left, A right, SMN in exergue; first specimen of this type handled by FORVM, from the Michael Arslan Collection; scarce;
Licinius I, 11 November 308 - 18 September 324 A.D.
In early in December 316, to ensure his loyalty, Licinius elevated Aurelius Valerius Valens, the dux limitis (duke of the frontier) in Dacia, to the rank of Augustus. According to Petrus Patricius, when Constantine learned of this "The emperor made clear the extent of his rage by his facial expression and by the contortion of his body. Almost unable to speak, he said, 'We have not come to this present state of affairs, nor have we fought and triumphed from the ocean till where we have now arrived, just so that we should refuse to have our own brother-in-law as joint ruler because of his abominable behavior, and so that we should deny his close kinship, but accept that vile slave [Valens] with him into imperial college.'" The treaty between Constantine and Licinius was concluded at Serdica on 1 March, 317. Whether it was part of that agreement is unknown, but Licinius had Valens executed.RT112579. Billon follis, RIC VII Siscia 17 (R1), SRCV IV 15212, Cohen VII 66; Hunter V 73 var. (2nd officina), Choice EF, well centered, dark patina, flow lines, parts of legends weak, weight 3.859 g, maximum diameter 20.3 mm, die axis 180o, 3rd officina, Siscia (Sisak, Croatia) mint, 315 - 316 A.D.; obverse IMP LIC LICINIVS P F AVG, laureate head right; reverse IOVI CONSERVATORI (to Jupiter the protector), Jupiter standing left, nude but for cloak over shoulder, Victory on globe in right hand, long scepter in left hand, eagle left with wreath in beak at feet on left, Γ right, •SIS• in exergue; from the Collection of Dr. Jüregen Buschek;
On 3 July 324, at Adrianople, Constantine defeated Licinius forcing him to retreat to Byzantium. Crispus destroyed Licinius' fleet at the Battle of Hellespont in the Dardanelles, allowing his father to cross over the Bosporus and besiege Licinius. On 18 September, Constantine I decisively defeated Licinius at the Battle of Chrysopolis and became sole emperor.RT112896. Billon follis, Hunter V 118 (also 2nd officina), RIC VII Heraclea 52 (R1), SRCV IV 15222, Cohen VII 74, Choice gVF, earthen deposits, weight 3.437 g, maximum diameter 19.5 mm, die axis 0o, 2nd officina, Heraclea (Marmara Ereglisi, Turkey) mint, 321 - 324 A.D.; obverse IMP C VAL LICIN LICINIVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse IOVI CONSERVATORI (to Jupiter the protector), Jupiter standing slightly left, head left, Victory on globe presenting wreath in right hand, long eagle-topped scepter vertical behind in left, at feet captive right and eagle with wreath in beak left, X/IIΓ right, SMHB in exergue;
On 3 February 313, Constantine the Great and co-emperor Licinius met at a conference in Mediolanum (modern Milan). They issued the Edict of Milan, which established a policy of religious freedom for all, ending the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire.RT110134. Billon follis, Hunter V 105 (also 1st officina), RIC VI Heraclea 73, SRCV IV 15240, Cohen VII 108, VF, broad flan, some silvering, flow lines, parts of legends weak, weight 3.505 g, maximum diameter 24.1 mm, die axis 0o, 1st officina, Heraclea (Marmara Ereglisi, Turkey) mint, early 313 A.D.; obverse IMP C VAL LICIN LICINIVS P F AVG, laureate head right; reverse IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG (to Jupiter the protector of the two emperors), Jupiter standing left, nude but for cloak over shoulder, Victory on globe in right hand, long scepter in left hand, eagle left with wreath in beak at feet on left, A right, SMHT in exergue;
In 320, Licinius reneged on the religious freedom promised by the Edict of Milan, and began a new persecution of Christians in the Eastern Roman Empire. He imprisoned Christians, confiscated their properties and destroyed churches.RL110728. Billon centenionalis, Hunter V 57, RIC VII Aquileia 40 (R2) corr. (obv. legend), SRCV IV 15369, Cohen VII 187, Choice gVF, earthen encrusted as found, weight 3.297 g, maximum diameter 18.8 mm, die axis 180o, 2nd officina, Aquileia mint, 320 A.D.; obverse IMP LICINIVS AVG, helmeted and cuirassed bust right; reverse VIRTVS EXERCIT (courage of the army), Vexillum inscribed VOT / X, flanked by two bound captives seated flanking base, S - F flanking banner, AQS in exergue;
At the beginning of the 16th century nearly 20,000 Sephardic Jews immigrated to Greece from Spain following their expulsion. By 1519, 15,715 Jews lived in Thessaloniki, 54% of the population. After the Great Thessaloniki Fire of 1917 left 72,000 people homeless, unable to stay and survive, nearly half of the Jewish population emigrated to France, the United States and Palestine. On April 22, 1941, Thessaloniki fell to Nazi Germany. 50,000 Jews, 95% of the Jewish population, were sent to concentration camps where most were murdered in the gas chambers. Another 11,000 Jews were sent to forced labor camps, where most also perished. Only 1200 Jews live in the city today.RT110035. Billon follis, Hunter V 85 (also 1st officina), RIC VI Thessalonica 60, SRCV V 15251, gVF, thin flan with areas unstruck, green patina, well centered, weight 2.456 g, maximum diameter 24.7 mm, die axis 0o, 1st officina, Thessalonica (Salonika, Greece) mint, 312 - 313 A.D.; obverse IMP LIC LICINIVS P F AVG, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG NN (to Jove the protector of our two Emperors), Jupiter standing slightly left, head left, nude but for cloak on left shoulder, Victory on globe in right hand, long scepter in left hand, eagle with wreath in beak at feet on left, •TS•A• in exergue;
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