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Index Of All Titles


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AEQVITI
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The Age of Gallienus
Alexander Tetradrachms
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XXI

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ERIC Table of Contents


Title Page

Introduction

About Roman Coins

Denominations

Coins of Other Ancient Cultures

Identifying Roman Coins

How To Use This Book

Mintmarks

Mint Map

Pricing And Grading

Bibliography

Reference Catalogs Cited

Coin Terms Used

Glossary

Rarity Tables

Index of Rulers

Photography Credits

Additional Web Resources

Imperial Catalog:

AUGUSTUS
LIVA
AGRIPPA
NERO CLAUDIUS DRUSUS
GERMANICUS
AGRIPPINA I
TIBERIUS
DRUSUS
ANTONIA
CALIGULA
CLAUDIUS I
BRITANNICUS
AGRIPPINA II
NERO
GALBA
CLODIUS MACER
OTHO
VITELLIUS
VESPASIAN
DOMITILLA
TITUS
DOMITIAN
DOMITIA
JULIA TITI
NERVA
TRAJAN
PLOTINA
MARCIANA
MATIDIA
HADRIAN
SABINA
AELIUS
ANTONINUS PIUS
FAUSTINA I
MARCUS AURELIUS
FAUSTINA II
LUCIUS VERUS
LUCILLA
COMMODUS
CRISPINA
PERTINAX
DIDIUS JULIANUS
MANLIA SCANTILLA
DIDIA CLARA
PESCENNIUS NIGER
CLODIUS ALBINUS
SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS
JULIA DOMNA
CARACALLA
PLAUTILLA
GETA
MACRINUS
DIADUMENIAN
ELAGABALUS
JULIA MAESA
JULIA SOAEMIAS
JULIA PAULA
AQUILIA SEVERA
ANNIA FAUSTINA
SEVERUS ALEXANDER
JULIA MAMAEA
ORBIANA
MAXIMINUS I
PAULINA
MAXIMUS
GORDIAN I
GORDIAN II
BALBINUS
PUPIENUS
GORDIAN III
TRANQUILLINA
PHILIP I
OTACILIA SEVERA
PHILIP II
PACATIAN
JOTAPIAN
TRAJAN DECIUS
HERENNIA ETRUSCILLA
HERENNIUS ETRUSCUS
HOSTILIAN
TREBONIANUS GALLUS
VOLUSIAN
AEMILIAN
CORNELIA SUPERA
SILBANNACUS
URANIUS ANTONINUS
VALERIAN I
MARINIANA
VALERIAN II
GALLIENUS
SALONINA
SALONINUS
REGALIANUS
DRYANTILLA
POSTUMUS
LAELIANUS
MARIUS
VICTORINUS
DOMITIAN II
TETRICUS I
TETRICUS II
QUIETUS
MACRIANUS
CLAUDIUS II
QUINTILLUS
AURELIAN
SEVERINA
ZENOBIA
VABALATHUS
TACITUS
FLORIAN
PROBUS
SATURNINUS
CARUS
CARINUS
MAGNIA URBICA
NIGRIAN
NUMERIAN
JULIAN I
DIOCLETIAN
MAXIMIAN
CARAUSIUS
ALLECTUS
DOMITIUS DOMITIANUS
CONSTANTIUS I
THEODORA
GALERIUS
GALERIA VALERIA
SEVERUS II
MAXENTIUS
ROMULUS
CONSTANTINE I
HELENA
FAUSTA
ALEXANDER
LICINIUS I
CONSTANTIA
MAXIMINUS II
LICINIUS II
CRISPUS
VALERIUS VALENS
MARTINIAN
CONSTANTINE II
DELMATIUS
HANNIBALLIANUS
CONSTANS
CONSTANTIUS II
MAGNENTIUS
DECENTIUS
NEPOTIAN
VETRANO
CONSTANTIUS GALLUS
JULIAN II
JOVIAN
VALENTINIAN I
VALENS
PROCOPIUS
GRATIAN
VALENTINIAN II
THEODOSIUS I
AELIA FLACCILLA
MAGNUS MAXIMINUS
FLAVIUS VICTOR
EUGENIUS
HONORIUS
CONSTANTINE III
CONSTANS II
MAXIMINUS
PRISCUS ATTALUS
JOVINUS
SABASTIANUS
CONSTANTIUS III
GALLA PLACIDIA
JOHANNES
VALENTINIAN III
LICINIA EUDOXIA
HONORIA
PETRONIUS MAXIMINUS
AVITUS
MAJORIAN
LIBIUS SEVERUS
ANTHEMIUS
EUPHEMIA
ANICIUS OLYBRIUS
GLYCERIUS
JULIUS NEPOS
ROMULUS AUGUSTUS
ARCADIUS
EUDOXIA
PULCHERIA
THEODOSIUS II
EUDOCIA
MARCIAN
LEO I
VERINA
LEO II
ZENO
ARIADNE
BASILISCUS
ZENONIS
LEONTIUS I
ANASTASIUS I
ANONYMOUS COINAGE

ERIC The Encyclopedia of Roman Imperial Coins
by Rasiel Suarez


Gratian

Augustus 367-383

An early supporter of Christianity, Gratian vigorously and systematically rooted out paganism wherever he could and went so far as to refuse the title of Pontifex Maximus, the highest religious position, feeling that this title belonged to a true religious leader. His early career was marked by his competent dealing with the troublesome barbarians north of Italy while later in his career he withdrew somewhat from his duties to pursue personal ambitions. He died at the hands of his own soldiers in hopes of appeasing the presumed superior forces of Magnus Maximus who were approaching to a deciding battle.

As far as bronzes go, Gratian‟s coins are only slightly harder to find than those of the contemporary brother duo of Valentinian I and Valens.
 
Coins are also comparatively plentiful in silver and gold as well. Nice Siliquae may be found in the low hundreds of dollars while the typical Solidus may run only two or three times as much.
 
Numismatically more significant, Gratian‟s reign – in tandem with Valentinian II and Theodosius I – initiates the shift away from AE3‟s towards the smaller AE4 module. 
 
While small bronze denominations had intermittently been issued for the whole of the imperial period, under Gratian they become for the first time the predominant form of coinage for civilians in general. This last phase would go on for over 100 years more all the meanwhile the coins growing smaller and cruder in design and craftsmanship. 
 
Well into the reign of Anastasius I, a full generation after the fall of Rome, he would finally do away with these wretched little things and begin minting the first hefty bronzes to be seen since the Folles of the late 200‟s.
 
These Folles, as they were again to be called, marked the beginning of the Byzantine period, at least as it‟s understood within the field of numismatics.
 

Busts:


 
1) Diademed (pearls), draped and cuirassed bust left
2) Diademed (pearls), draped and cuirassed bust right
3) Diademed (rosettes), cuirassed bust right
4) Diademed (rosettes), draped and cuirassed bust left
5) Diademed (rosettes), draped and cuirassed bust right
6) Helmeted, cuirassed bust left, holding mappa and scepter
7) Helmeted, diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, holding spear and shield

 

Obverse:

 
1) DN GRATIANVS PF AVG

 

Reverses:

 
1) CONCORDIA AVGG
2) CONCORDIA AVGGG
3) FELICITAS REIPVBLICAE
4) FELICITAS ROMANORVM
5) FELIX ADVENTVS AVG N
6) GLORIA NOVI SAECVLI
7) GLORIA REIPVB
8) GLORIA ROMANORVM
9) MONETA AVGG
10) PERPETVETAS
11) PRINCIPIVM IVVENTVTIS
12) REPARATIO REIPVB
13) RESTITVTOR REIPVBLICAE
14) SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE
15) SPES RP
16) VICTORIA DN AVG
17) VICTORIA AVGG
18) VICTORIA AVGGG
19) VICTORIA AVGVSTORVM
20) VIRTVS EXERCITVS
21) VIRTVS ROMANORVM
22) VOTA PVBLICA
23) VRBS ROMA
24) No legend

 

Types:

 
1) City gate with (2) turrets; S above.
2) Constantinopolis seated, facing, holding scepter and cornucopia.
3) Constantinopolis seated, facing, holding spear.
4) Constantinopolis seated, facing, stepping on galley prow, holding scepter and globe.
5) Constantinopolis seated, facing, stepping on galley prow, holding globe and spear.
6) Gratian advancing right, dragging captive and holding labarum.
7) Gratian and Theodosius I (or Valentinian II) seated, facing, each holding mappa and
scepter.
8) Gratian and Theodosius I (or Valentinian II) seated, facing, each holding mappa and globe.
9) Gratian and Theodosius I (or Valentinian II) seated, facing, each holding a globe and scepter; genius between them holding shield reading VOT / V / MVL / X
10) Gratian and Theodosius I (or Valentinian II) seated, facing, together holding globe over palm and each a mappa; Victory above them both.
11) Gratian riding horse left, raising hand
12) Gratian standing left on galley, raising hand; Victory seated to right, steering galley.
13) Gratian standing right, holding spear and globe.
14) Gratian standing, facing, holding hand of kneeling woman with cornucopia to left and labarum.
15) Gratian standing, facing, holding hand of kneeling woman with cornucopia to left and Victory on globe.
16) Gratian standing, facing, holding labarum and resting hand on shield.
17) Gratian standing, facing, holding labarum and Victory on globe; eagle with wreath in beak to lower right.
18) Gratian standing, facing, holding Victory on globe and labarum with Victory atop.
19) Monetae (3) standing, facing, holding scale and cornucopiae.
20) Phoenix on globe
21) Roma seated left, holding globe and spear.
22) Roma seated left, holding Victory on globe and scepter.
23) Roma seated, facing, holding globe and scepter.
24) Roma seated, facing, holding scepter and globe.
25) Roma, holding Victory on globe and scepter and Constantinopolis, holding Victory on globe and cornucopia, stepping on galley prow; both seated, facing.
26) Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm.
27) Victory seated right, holding shield reading VOT / V / MVLT / X
28) Victory seated right, holding shield reading VOT / V / MVL / X
29) Victory seated right, holding shield reading VOT / X / MVLT / XX
30) Victory seated right, holding shield reading VOT / V / MVLT / X; genius to right also holding shield.
31) Victory seated right, holding shield reading VOT / X; genius to right also holding shield.
32) Victory standing right, stepping on globe, holding shield on cippus reading VOT / V / MVLT / X
33) Wreath, VOT / V / MVLT / X within
34) Wreath, VOT / V within
35) Wreath, VOT / VX / MVLT / XX within.
36) Wreath, VOT / X / MVLT / XV within.
37) Wreath, VOT / X / MVLT / XX within.
38) Wreath, VOT / XV / MVLT / XX within.
39) Wreath, VOT / XX / MVLT / XXX within.
40) Wreath, VOTIS / V / MVLTIS / X within.
41) Wreath, VOTIS / V within.
42) Wreath, VOTIS / X / MVLTIS / XX within.
43) Wreath, VOTIS / XV / MVLTIS / XX within.

 

Mints:


 
1) Alexandria
2) Antioch
3) Aquileia
4) Arelate
5) Constantinopolis
6) Cyzicus
7) Heraclea
8) Lugdunum
9) Mediolanum
10) Nicomedia
11) Roma
12) Sirmium
13) Siscia
14) Thessalonica
15) Treveri

 
 
AU Medallion Reference(s)

 
1) B5, O1, R08, T10, M15 Exe: TROB` Double Solidus
2) B5, O1, R08, T25, M02 Exe: ANTOB` Double Solidus 

 
AU Solidus

 
3) B2, O1, R02, T04, M05 Exe: CONOB RIC 43a (IX, Constantinopolis)
4) B2, O1, R11, T13, M05 Exe: *CONS= RIC 24 (IX, Constantinopolis)
5) B2, O1, R17, T10, M15 Exe: TROB` RIC 39d (IX, Treveri)
6) B2, O1, R19, T28, M02 Exe: `/ANOB` RIC 21a (IX, Antioch)
7) B5, O1, R02, T04, M05 Exe: CONOB RIC 44a (IX, Constantinopolis)
8) B5, O1, R17, T10, M15 Exe: TROB` RIC 17g (IX, Treveri)

 
AU Scripulum

 
9) B2, O1, R16, T26, M05 Exe: CONS

 
AR Miliarense

 
10) B2, O1, R20, T16, M15 Exe: TRPS RIC 53a (IX, Treveri)

 
AR Siliqua

 
11) B2, O1, R21, T23, M15 Exe: TRPS RIC 58a (IX, Treveri), C 54
12) B2, O1, R23, T22, M15 Exe: TRPS RIC 27f (IX, Treveri), C 86
13) B2, O1, R23, T22, M15 Exe: TRPS• RIC 45c (IX, Treveri), C 86
14) B2, O1, R23, T33, M05 Exe: `C`` RIC 36e (IX, Constantinopolis)
15) B2, O1, R23, T37, M02 Exe: ANT* RIC 34f (IX, Antiochia)
16) B2, O1, R24, T36, M13 Exe: SISCPS RIC 25 (IX, Siscia), C 72

 
AE1

 
17) B2, O1, R23, T21, M11 Exe: R` RIC 42a (IX, Roma), C 88

 
AE2

 
18) B2, O1, R12, T15, M08 Exe: LVG` RIC 28a (IX, Lugdunum)
19) B2, O1, R12, T15, M08 Exe: S/LVG` RIC 28a (IX, Lugdunum)
20) B2, O1, R12, T15, M11 Exe: R` RIC 43a (IX, Roma)
21) B2, O1, R12, T15, M11 Exe: SMR` RIC 43a (IX, Roma)
22) B2, O1, R12, T15, M13 Exe: *`SISC RIC 26a (IX, Siscia)
23) B2, O1, R12, T15, M13 Exe: *`SISC• RIC 26a (IX, Siscia)
24) B2, O1, R12, T15, M13 Exe: `SISC RIC 26a (IX, Siscia)
25) B2, O1, R12, T15, M13 Exe: `SISC• RIC 26a (IX, Siscia)
26) B2, O1, R12, T15, M14 Exe: `/SMTES RIC 37a (IX, Thessalonica)
27) B2, O1, R14, T26, M11 Exe: SM\R` RIC 28a (IX, Roma)
28) B7, O1, R08, T12, M02 Exe: =/ANT` RIC 40a (IX, Antiochia)
29) B7, O1, R08, T12, M05 Exe: =/CON` RIC 52a (IX, Constantinopolis)
30) B7, O1, R08, T12, M06 Exe: =/SMK` RIC 14a (IX, Cyzicus)
31) B7, O1, R08, T12, M07 Exe: SMH` RIC 11a (IX, Heraclea)


AE3 Reference(s)

 
32) B2, O1, R02, T23, M05 Exe: CONS` RIC 56a (IX, Constantinopolis)
33) B2, O1, R02, T23, M06 Exe: ˘/SMK` RIC 17a (IX, Cyzicus)
34) B2, O1, R02, T23, M13 Exe: `SISC RIC 27a (IX, Siscia)
35) B2, O1, R02, T24, M07 Exe: *SMH` RIC 15a (IX, Heraclea)
36) B2, O1, R02, T24, M07 Exe: ˘/SMH` RIC 14a (IX, Heraclea)
37) B2, O1, R08, T06, M13 Exe: • over M/* over P/`SISC RIC 14c.18 (IX, Siscia)
38) B2, O1, R08, T06, M13 Exe: • over M/* over R over O/`SISC RIC 14c.20 (IX, Siscia)
39) B2, O1, R08, T06, M13 Exe: D/*`SISC RIC 14c.11 (IX, Siscia)
40) B2, O1, R08, T06, M13 Exe: F/D over P/`SISCE RIC 14c.44a (IX, Siscia)
41) B2, O1, R08, T06, M13 Exe: F/R over !/`SISCE RIC 14c.35 (IX, Siscia)
42) B2, O1, R08, T06, M13 Exe: M/* over F/`SISC RIC 14c.16 (IX, Siscia)
43) B2, O1, R08, T06, M13 Exe: M/* over P/`SISC RIC 14c.17 (IX, Siscia)
44) B2, O1, R08, T06, M13 Exe: Q/* over K/`SISCE RIC 14c.27 (IX, Siscia)
45) B2, O1, R08, T06, M13 Exe: Q/* over K/`SISCR RIC 14c.27 (IX, Siscia)
46) B2, O1, R08, T06, M13 Exe: Q/* over R over O/`SISCR RIC 14c (IX, Siscia)
47) B2, O1, R08, T06, M13 Exe: Q/A over K/`SISCE RIC 14c.30 (IX, Siscia)
48) B2, O1, R08, T06, M13 Exe: Q/K over K/`SISCE RIC 14c.32 (IX, Siscia)
49) B2, O1, R08, T06, M14 Exe: V/* over `/TES RIC 31c (IX, Thessalonica)
50) B2, O1, R14, T26, M04 Exe: `CON RIC 19b (IX, Arelate)
51) B2, O1, R14, T26, M11 Exe: R•`  Officina is spelled out in Latin; PRIMA, SECVNDA, TERTIA or QVARTA RIC 23c (IX, Roma), L 720
52) B2, O1, R14, T26, M11 Exe: SMDR` RIC 28c (IX, Roma)
53) B2, O1, R14, T26, M13 Exe: D/*`SISC RIC 15c (IX, Siscia), L 1310
54) B2, O1, R21, T23, M02 Exe: ANT` RIC 50a (IX, Antiochia)

 
AE4

 
55) B2, O1, R24, T38, M04 Exe: `CON RIC 24 (IX, Arelate), L 552
56) B2, O1, R24, T38, M13 Exe: `SISC RIC 31a (IX, Siscia), L 1539
57) B2, O1, R24, T39, M02 Exe: ANT` RIC 58a (IX, Antiochia)
58) B2, O1, R24, T39, M07 Exe: SMH` RIC 20a (IX, Heraclea)

Gratian Busts

Gratian Types





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