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Vespasian, along with legions X Fretensis and V Macedonica, landed at Ptolemais in April 67. There he was joined by his son Titus, who arrived from Alexandria at the head of Legio XV Apollinaris, as well as by the armies of various local allies including that of King Agrippa II. Fielding more than 60,000 soldiers, Vespasian began operations by subjugating Galilee. Many towns gave up without a fight, although others had to be taken by force. Of these, Josephus provides detailed accounts of the sieges of Yodfat and Gamla. By the year 68, Jewish resistance in the north had been crushed, and Vespasian made Caesarea Maritima his headquarters and methodically proceeded to clear the coast. -- WikipediaJD99814. Bronze prutah, Kadman III 12; Meshorer TJC 196a; Hendin 6389; SNG ANS 427; Sofaer pl. 222, 11, aF, dark patina with highlighting earthen deposits, obv. off center, parts of legends unstruck/off flan, reverse edge beveled, ragged irregularly shaped flan, weight 3.190 g, maximum diameter 19.4 mm, die axis 135o, Jerusalem mint, year 2, 67 - 68 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew: Year two, amphora with fluted body, narrow neck, broad rim, and two small curved handles; reverse Paleo-Hebrew: The freedom of Zion, vine leaf on small branch with tendril; $55.00 (€55.55)
The First Jewish Revolt, 66 - 70 A.D.
In 69 A.D., Vespasian began to lay siege to Jerusalem, the city was captured the following year by his son Titus. On 4 August 70 A.D. Titus destroyed the Temple. The Jewish fast of Tisha B'Av mourns the Fall of Jerusalem annually on this date.JD99957. Bronze prutah, Hendin 6392; Meshorer TJC 204; SNG ANS 446; Sofaer pl. 223, 31, gF, reverse off center, obv. edge beveled, weight 3.044 g, maximum diameter 17.7 mm, die axis 180o, Jerusalem mint, year 3, 68 - 69 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew: Year three, amphora with fluted body, narrow neck, broad rim, two handles, and conical fluted lid decorated with tiny globule at peak and row of tiny globules around edge; reverse Paleo-Hebrew: The freedom of Zion, vine leaf on small branch with tendril; $100.00 (€101.00)
Tiberius, 19 August 14 - 16 March 37 A.D., Prymnessus, Phrygia
Prymnessus is the modern day town of Sülün in central Turkey.
Dikaiosyne is the Greek personification of justice and fair dealing. She usually holds scales and a cornucopia.RP110695. Bronze AE 21, RPC I 3201 (8 spec.); vA Phrygiens II 986; BMC Phrygia p. 364, 18, F, oval flan, weight 5.999 g, maximum diameter 20.9 mm, die axis 0o, Prymnessus (near Sülün, Turkey) mint, magistrate Perigenes; obverse ΣEBAΣTOΣ, laureate head of Tiberius (or Augustus?) right; reverse ΠEPIΓENHΣ ([magistrate] Perigenes, clockwise from 9:00), Dikaiosyne advancing left, bare-headed, wearing long chiton and peplos, scales in right hand, two stalks of grain in left hand, ΠP-YMNHΣ/ΣE−ΩN in two divided lines across field starting below scales, monogram (unstruck) in exergue; ex Bucephalus Numismatic (Switzerland) auction 4 (2-3 Sep 2022), lot 932; rare; $55.00 (€55.55)
Caracalla, 28 January 198 - 8 April 217 A.D., Antiocheia, Pisidia
| St. Paul the Apostle and Barnabas visited Antioch in Pisidia on his first missionary journey. Paul's sermon in the Jewish synagogue there caused a great stir among the citizens, but the ensuing conflict with the Jews led to the expulsion of the two Christian missionaries from the city. They returned later and appointed elders for the Christian community there. Paul also visited the region in both his second and his third journeys. Paul's "persecutions and sufferings" at Antioch are spoken of in 2 Timothy 3:11. One of the most important building complexes of Antioch is the Great Basilica identified as the "Church of St. Paul" by an altar which was found in Yalvac market place. The foundations at the south side of the basilica are thought to belong to the synagogue where St. Paul first preached to the Gentiles. The altar is dated to the 6th century and the inscription reads AΓIOΣ ΠAYΛOΣ. It is not clear if the basilica was used for another purpose in its earlier levels. Conservation and lifting of the mosaics will shed further light on this important building. |  |
Gallienus, August 253 - September 268 A.D.
RA110697. Billon antoninianus, Göbl MIR 368a, RIC V-1 S280 (S), RSC IV 961a, SRCV III 10359, Hunter IV S77, aF, green patina, flan flaw, flan crack, weight 2.572 g, maximum diameter 21.4 mm, die axis 225o, Rome mint, 265 - 267 A.D.; obverse GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right; reverse VICT GAL AVG, three Victories (the Three Gallic Provinces) standing facing, each with head left, raising wreath in right hand, and holding palm frond in left hand; ex Savoca Numismatik auction 104 (30 May 2021), lot 336; rare; $100.00 (€101.00)
Mesembria, Thrace, 2nd Century B.C.
Mesembria (Mesambria) was a Doric settlement on an island at the Black Sea coast. Today a man-made isthmus connects it to the mainland. The modern name is Nesebar, an important seaside resort. Several ancient churches and ruins are preserved on the peninsula.GB110698. Bronze AE 23, SNG BM 284 ff., SGCV I 1677, SNG Cop 660, SNG Stancomb 236, Choice F, attractive style and surfaces, edge crack, weight 7.156 g, maximum diameter 23.1 mm, die axis 0o, Mesambria (Nesebar, Bulgaria) mint, 2nd Century B.C.; obverse diademed female head right; reverse Athena Promachos advancing left holding shield and brandishing javelin, crested helmet inner left, MEΣAM/BPIANΩN in two downward lines, the first on the right, the second on the left; $90.00 (€90.90)
Mesembria, Thrace, 2nd Century B.C.
Mesembria (Mesambria) was a Doric settlement on an island at the Black Sea coast. Today a man-made isthmus connects it to the mainland. The modern name is Nesebar, an important seaside resort. Several ancient churches and ruins are preserved on the peninsula.GB110699. Bronze AE 21, SNG BM 284 ff., SGCV I 1677, SNG Cop 660, SNG Stancomb 236, Choice F, green patina, centered, weight 6.408 g, maximum diameter 21.2 mm, die axis 0o, Mesambria (Nesebar, Bulgaria) mint, obverse diademed female head right; reverse Athena Promachos advancing left holding shield and brandishing javelin, crested helmet inner left, MEΣAM/BPIANΩN in two downward lines, the first on the right, the second on the left; $80.00 (€80.80)
The First Jewish Revolt, 66 - 70 A.D.
On 14 April 70 A.D. Titus surrounded Jerusalem. He allowed pilgrims to enter to celebrate Passover but this was a trap to put pressure on supplies of food and water; he refused to allow them to leave. On 10 May he began his assault on the walls. The third wall fell on 25 May. The second wall fell on 30 May. On 20 July Titus stormed the Temple Mount. On 4 August 70 A.D. Titus destroyed the Temple. The Jewish fast of Tisha B'Av mourns the Fall of Jerusalem annually on this date.JD111611. Bronze eighth shekel, Sofaer 47, Kadman III 37, Hendin 6398 (S), Meshorer TJC 214, SNG ANS 455, BMC Palestine -, Choice VF, complete legends, applied patina, reverse edge beveled, small edge split, weight 5.059 g, maximum diameter 19.1 mm, die axis 0o, Jerusalem mint, year 4, 69 - 70 A.D.; obverse Paleo-Hebrew: To the redemption of Zion, Omer cup with a pearled rim; reverse Paleo-Hebrew: Year four, Lulav (myrtle, palm and willow branches tied together), flanked on each side by an etrog (citron - small lemon like fruit); from the collection of a Texas clergyman, professionally cleaned and patina enhanced by J.P. Fontanille; ex Zurqieh (UAE); $600.00 (€606.00)
Herod Archelaus, Ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Idumea, 4 B.C. - 6 A.D.
The galley refers to Archelaus' voyage to Rome at the beginning of his reign. His father had modified his will, naming Archelaus' younger brother, Antipas, king. Archelaus appealed to Rome and was awarded a large share of the kingdom and the title ethnarch. The galley reminded those that thought to challenge him that he had the backing of Rome. -- Ancient Jewish Coinage by Ya'akov MeshoreJD111612. Bronze prutah, Hendin 6228; Meshorer TJC 72; Meshorer AJC 5; SNG ANS 243; RPC Online I 4916; BMC Palestine p. 233, 27, Choice aEF/EF, well centered, bold strike, dark green patina, highlighting earthen deposits, edges ragged where flan casting sprues were snapped off, weight 0.964 g, maximum diameter 14.0 mm, die axis 135o, Jerusalem mint, 4 B.C. - 6 A.D.; obverse H P W (counterclockwise from below), prow of galley left; reverse EΘN (Ethnarch), surrounded by wreath; from the collection of a Texas clergyman, ex Zuzim Inc. (Isadore Goldstein, Brooklyn, NY); $150.00 (€151.50)
Judaea, Valerius Gratus, Roman Prefect Under Tiberius, 15 - 26 A.D., Cohors II Italica Civium Romanorum Countermark
Now there was a certain man at Caesarea named Cornelius, a centurion of what was called the Italian cohort...(Acts 10:1).
Spijkermann was the first to publish a countermarked prutah, also a Valerius Gratus coin, in 1963. Lönnqvist published the first detailed study, "New Vistas on the Countermarked Coins of the Roman Prefects of Judaea" in INJ 12. Kogon published an update, "Countermarks on Small Judean Coins" in INR 7, identifying 47 known specimens of countermarked prutah of all types. Both papers are available online. Lönnqvist interpreted CΠ in the countermark as an abbreviation for the Greek word σπειρα, referring to a Roman legionary tactical unit, a cohors. The use of CΠ referring to a cohors is also known from an inscription. He suggested that the countermarks were applied in 36 - 37 A.D. in Jerusalem to mark the coins as pay for the soldiers of the cohors II Italica civium Romanorum.JD111613. Bronze prutah, Hendin 6369a (same c/m); RPC I 4966.8-11 (same); Meshorer TJC 330 (same); countermark: Kogon 3b, Howgego GIC 386, coin: Fair, countermark: VF, weight 2.195 g, maximum diameter 17.7 mm, die axis 0o, Jerusalem mint, 24 - 25 A.D., c/m: 36 - 37/41 A.D.; obverse TIB / KAI/CAP (Greek: Tiberius Caesar) in three lines within wreath tied at base with an X; reverse palm branch curving right, flanked by IOY-ΛIA (Greek: Julia = Tiberius' mother Livia) above L - IA (year 11 of Tiberius) in two lines across field; countermark: palm frond flanked by C-Π within 8mm circular punch; from the collection of a Texas clergyman, ex J. P. Fontanille Collection (2016); rare countermark; $1600.00 (€1616.00)
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