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Gallienus, August 253 - September 268 A.D.
Sol Invictus ("Unconquered Sun") was the sun god of the later Roman Empire and a patron of soldiers. In 274 the Roman emperor Aurelian made it an official cult alongside the traditional Roman cults. The god was favored by emperors after Aurelian and appeared on their coins until Constantine. The last inscription referring to Sol Invictus dates to 387 and there were enough devotees in the 5th century that Augustine found it necessary to preach against them. The date 25 December was selected for Christmas to replace the popular Roman festival Dies Natalis Solis Invicti, the "Birthday of the Unconquered Sun."RA58208. Billon antoninianus, Göbl MIR 1659f, RSC IV 987, RIC V-1 S658, SRCV III 10364, Hunter IV 212 var. (cuirassed from front), EF, uncleaned, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, weight 3.358g, maximum diameter 19.6mm, die axis 0o, 267 A.D.; obverse GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse SOLI INVICTO (to the invincible sun god), Sol standing slightly left, radiate, nude but for chlamys over shoulders and left arm, raising right hand commanding the sun to rise, whip in left; SOLD
REFERENCES|
Huvelin, H. "L'atelier d'Antioche sous Claude II" in NAC XIX (1990), pp. 251-271.
McAlee, R. The Coins of Roman Antioch. (Lancaster, PA, 2007).
Prieur, M. & K. Prieur. The Syro-Phoenician Tetradrachms and their fractions from 57 BC to AD 258. (Lancaster, PA, 2000).
Van Heesch, J. "The last civic coinages and the religious policy of Maximinus Daza (AD 312)" in Numismatic Chronicle 1993, pp. 65 - 75, pl. 11.
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