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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Medieval & Modern Coins| ▸ |Armenian Cilicia||View Options:  |  |  | 

The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

Outside the Armenian Highland and distinct from Armenian the Kingdom of Antiquity, Armenian Cilicia was a Christian kingdom formed by refugees fleeing the Seljuk invasion. In 1198, with the crowning of Levon the Magnificent, Armenian Cilicia became a kingdom. The capital was originally at Tarsus, and later at Sis. Cilician Armenia thrived economically, with the port of Ayas serving as a center for East to West trade. The kingdom adopted Western European feudalism and customs for the nobility including chivalry, fashion, and the use of French titles, names, and language. The fall of Sis and then the fortress of Gaban to the Mamluks put an end to the kingdom in 1375. The last king, Levon V, was granted safe passage, and died in exile in Paris.Persian Empire

Crusaders, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Hetoum II, 1289 - 1293, 1295 - 1296, and 1301 - 1305 A.D.

|Armenian| |Cilicia|, |Crusaders,| |Armenian| |Kingdom| |of| |Cilicia,| |Hetoum| |II,| |1289| |-| |1293,| |1295| |-| |1296,| |and| |1301| |-| |1305| |A.D.||denier|
Hetoum II reigned three times. After a few difficult years of losses to the Mamluks, he ended his first reign by abdicating in favor of his brother Thoros III and entering a monastery. Two years later Thoros III asked Hetoum to take the throne again. While Hetoum was in Constantinople, his brother Smpad, ended his second reign by usurping the throne, and blinding and imprisoning him upon his return. Constantine, another brother, who had aided Smpad, then usurped the throne and freed Hetoum. Regaining his sight, Hetoum took the throne a third time. After more disastrous losses to the Mamluks, Hetoum abdicated his third reign, passing the crown to Thoros' teenage son, Leo III, and retiring to a monastery.
CR113086. Billon denier, cf. Bedoukian CCA 1575 - 1580, Nercessian ACV 394, VF, die crack on obv., scratches, dark encrustations, edge chip, weight 0.528 g, maximum diameter 14.9 mm, die axis 0o, obverse Armenian inscription: + Hetoum King, crowned facing bust; reverse Armenian inscription: + of all the Armenians, cross potent, nothing in angles; $180.00 (€169.20)
 


Crusaders, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Levon V, 1374 - 1375

|Armenian| |Cilicia|, |Crusaders,| |Armenian| |Kingdom| |of| |Cilicia,| |Levon| |V,| |1374| |-| |1375||obol|NEW
Levon V was the last Latin king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. After ruling for only about a year, in 1375 he was overthrown and captured by the Mamluk Sultan. Levon was held hostage in Egypt with his wife and daughter for five years until ransomed by the King of Castile. The King of Castile named Levon Lord of Madrid and granted him for life the towns of Madrid, Andújar, Guadalajara and Villareal (today Ciudad Real) and a yearly gift of 150,000 maravedis. Levon went to Paris in 1384, and received the Saint-Ouen castle and a sizable pension from King Charles VI of France. He attempted to reconcile the French and the English (at the time fighting the Hundred Years' War) in order to set up a new crusade and obtain help to recover his lands, but was unsuccessful. Levon V never recovered his throne, and died in Paris on November 29, 1393.
CR114482. Billon obol, Nercessian ACV 503, Bedoukian CCA -, aVF, toned, rev. off center, weight 0.540 g, maximum diameter 14.3 mm, Sis mint, 1374 - 1375; obverse Armenian legend: Levon King, crowned bust facing; reverse Armenian legend: Levon King, cross pattée, pellet in each quarter; ex Bertolami Fine Art auction E259 (20 May 2023), lot 855; rare; $110.00 (€103.40)
 


Crusaders, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Hetoum I, 1226 - 1270 A.D.

|Armenian| |Cilicia|, |Crusaders,| |Armenian| |Kingdom| |of| |Cilicia,| |Hetoum| |I,| |1226| |-| |1270| |A.D.||tank|NEW
As the Mongols approached, King Hetoum made a strategic decision to send his brother Smpad to the Mongol court in Karakorum and agree to become a vassal state of the Mongol Empire. In 1254, Hetoum himself traveled to Mongolia to renew the agreement. The account of his travels, "The Journey of Haithon, King of Little Armenia, To Mongolia and Back" is still important for its observations of Mongol, Buddhist, and Chinese culture, geography, and wildlife. The Mamluks invaded Armenia in 1266, taking 40,000 Armenians captive, including Hetoum's son, Leo. Hetoum abdicated in 1270 in favor of his son Leo, and lived out the rest of his life in a monastery, as a Franciscan monk.
ME113823. Copper tank, Nercessian ACV 352, Bedoukian CCA 1304 ff., aVF, well centered, dark brown, weight 7.794 g, maximum diameter 29.1 mm, die axis 135o, Sis (near Kozan, Turkey) mint, 1226 - 1270 A.D.; obverse Armenian inscription: + Hetoum King of the Armenians, Hetoum enthroned facing, throne arms adorned with conventionalized lions, fleur-de-lis topped scepter in right hand, globus cruciger in his left hand, star in left field; reverse Armenian inscription: + Struck in the City of Sis, cross potent with a pellet at the end of each arm, star in each quarter; $60.00 (€56.40)
 


Crusaders, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Hetoum I, 1226 - 1270 A.D., Ex John Quincy Adams Collection

|John| |Q.| |Adams| |Collection|, |Crusaders,| |Armenian| |Kingdom| |of| |Cilicia,| |Hetoum| |I,| |1226| |-| |1270| |A.D.,| |Ex| |John| |Quincy| |Adams| |Collection||kardez|
Ex John Quincy Adams Collection, 6th President of the United States, and His Descendants, ex Massachusetts Historical Society Collection, ex Stack’s Sale, 5-6 March 1971.
ME47630. Copper kardez, cf. Bedoukian CCA 1393 ff., Nercessian ACV 363 ff., aVF, weight 5.980 g, maximum diameter 28.8 mm, Sis mint, 1226 - 1270 A.D.; obverse Armenian inscription: Hetoum King of the Armenians, Hetoum seated facing on bench-like throne, fleur-de-lis tipped scepter (mace) in right, globus cruciger in left, star left; reverse Armenian inscription: Struck in the City of Sis, cross with wedges and a crescent in the angles; comes with a John Quincy Adams Collection tag from the Stacks Sale; SOLD







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REFERENCES|

Bedoukian, P. Coinage of Cilician Armenia. ANSNNM 147. (1962).
Bedoukian, P. Medieval Armenian Coins. (Paris, 1971).
Bedoukian, P. "Two Hoards of Levon II Trams" in Selected Numismatic Studies II. (Los Angeles, 2003).
Kovacs, F. "Additions and corrections to Armenian coins and their Values" in Armenian Numismatic Journal 30/3. (2004).
Metcalf, D. "Classification of the Trams of Levon I of Cilician Armenia" in RBN CXVIII. (1972).
Nercessian, Y. Armenian Coins and Their Values. Armenian Numismatic Society, Special Publication No. 8. (Los Angeles, 1995).

Catalog current as of Tuesday, March 19, 2024.
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