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Roman Republic, L. Aemilius Lepidus Paullus, 62 B.C.

At the end of the Third Macedonian War (171 - 168 B.C.), King Perseus of Macedonia was decisively defeated by Rome at the Battle of Pydna. He surrendered to general Lucius Aemilius Paullus and was imprisoned in Rome with his half-brother Philippus and his son Alexander. The Antigonid kingdom was replaced with four republics, which were later dissolved and became the Roman province of Macedonia.RR92948. Silver denarius, RSC I Aemilia 10, Crawford 415/1, Sydenham 926, RBW Collection 1497, BMCRR I Rome 3373, SRCV I 366, Choice F, well centered, round punch on obverse, toned, light marks and scratches, weight 3.754 g, maximum diameter 19.6 mm, die axis 180^o, Rome mint, 62 B.C.; obverse PAVLLVS LEPIDVS CONCORDIA, veiled and diademed head of Concordia right; reverse Paullus on right, standing left, togate, with right hand touching trophy of captured arms in center; on the left, three standing bound captives: King Perseus of Macedonia, his half-brother, and his son, TER above PAVLLVS in exergue; ~~$140.00~~ SALE |PRICE| $126.00

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Constantine the Great, Early 307 - 22 May 337 A.D.

In 320, Crispus, eldest son of Constantine I, led a victorious campaign against the Franks, assuring twenty years of peace along the Rhine frontier. He established his residence in Augusta Treverorum (modern Trier), capital of Germania.RL20963. Billon centenionalis, Paolucci-Zub 255a, RIC VII Aquileia 48, SRCV IV 16323, Cohen VII 690, Choice gVF, well centered, nice portrait, some silvering, weight 3.122 g, maximum diameter 18.3 mm, die axis 330^o, 1st officina, Aquileia mint, 320 A.D.; obverse CONSTANTINVS AVG, helmeted and cuirassed bust right; reverse VIRTVS EXERCIT (courage of the army), vexillum inscribed VOT / XX, two captives seated at base facing outward, the one on the left with hands bound behind, the one on the right looking back left, S left, F right, AQP in exergue; from the Scott Collection, ex Beast Coins (2007); ~~$110.00~~ SALE |PRICE| $99.00

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Constantine the Great, 319-320 A.D.

The reverse legend abbreviates, Victoriae Laetae Principium Perpertua, which translates, "Joyous victory to the eternal Prince." VOT P R on the shield abbreviates, Vota Populi Romani, which translates, "Vows (prayers) of the Roman people."RL89615. Billon centenionalis, RIC VII Lyons 65 (R1, altar d), SRCV IV 16291, Cohen VII 631, Hunter V 87, Choice gVF, well centered on a broad flan, crude style, edge cracks, weight 2.975 g, maximum diameter 20.0 mm, die axis 180^o, Lugdunum (Lyons, France) mint, 319 - 320 A.D.; obverse CONSTANTINVS AVG, high crested (bowl shaped) helmet and cuirassed, bust right; reverse VICTORIAE LAET PRINC PERP (Joyous victory to the eternal Prince), two Victories standing facing each other, together holding shield with inscribed VOT / P R in two lines, shield resting on altar with X center, two bound captives seated back to back in exergue; ex Beast Coins VLPP Collection, ex Noble Roman Coins (2004); rare; ~~$100.00~~ SALE |PRICE| $90.00

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Licinius I, 11 November 308 - 18 September 324 A.D.

In 320 A.D., Licinius reneged on the religious freedom promised by the Edict of Milan, and began a new persecution of Christians in the Eastern Roman Empire. He destroyed churches, imprisoned Christians and confiscated their property.RL89635. Billon centenionalis, RIC VII Lyons 70a (R1), Hunter V 17, SRCV IV 15360, Cohen 174, Choice VF, well centered, some silvering, porosity on obverse, weight 2.613 g, maximum diameter 18.9 mm, die axis 180^o, Lugdunum (Lyon, France) mint, 319 - 320 A.D.; obverse IMP LICI-NVS AVG, Laureate and cuirassed bust right; reverse VICTORIAE LAET PRINC PERP (Joyous victory to the eternal Prince), two victories standing confronted, holding shield inscribed VOT / P R over tall altar (type a) with a garland, two captives seated back to back in exergue; ex Beast Coins VLPP Collection, ex Keith Metzer Collection; scarce; ~~$85.00~~ SALE |PRICE| $76.50

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Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D.

In 278 A.D., Probus campaigned against Germanic incursion in Raetia and the Vandals in Illyricum.RA89637. Billon antoninianus, Hunter IV 21 var. (4th officina); RIC V-2 157; Pink VI-1, pp. 56 - 57; Cohen VI 37; SRCV III 11953 var. (bust), Choice VF, full borders centering, nice portrait, traces of silvering, weight 3.468 g, maximum diameter 23.1 mm, die axis 180^o, 6th officina, Rome mint, emission 4, 279 A.D.; obverse IMP PROBVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right; reverse ADVENTVS AVG (arrival of the Emperor), Probus on horseback prancing left, raising right hand in salute, scepter in left hand, bound captive seated left in front of horse below raised right foreleg, R crescent ζ in exergue; ex Beast Coins; ~~$80.00~~ SALE |PRICE| $72.00

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Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D.

Probus marched against the enemies of Rome in Gaul and Germany. Several battles were fought and Probus left 400,000 barbarians dead in the field. After similar success against the Sarmatians, Probus had successfully quelled and terrified to peace the numerous barbarian tribes of the north. He then marched through Syria against the Blemmyes in the neighborhood of Egypt and defeated them with great slaughter. The military character of the emperor was so well established, that the king of Persia sued for peace and attempted to buy Probus' favor with the most splendid presents. Probus was feasting upon the most common food when the ambassadors were introduced. Without even casting his eyes upon them, he said that if their master did not give proper satisfaction to Rome, he would lay Persia as desolate and as naked as the crown of his head. As he spoke the Emperor took off his cap and showed the baldness of his head to the ambassadors. His conditions were gladly accepted by the Persian monarch.RA89639. Billon antoninianus, RIC V-2 886, Cohen VI 928, SRCV III 12075, Hunter IV 299 var. (officina), Pink VI-1 p. 45 4, Choice gVF, near full silvering, excellent centering, very light scratches, some reverse die wear, weight 3.437 g, maximum diameter 22.6 mm, die axis 180^o, 1st Officina, Serdica (Sofia, Bulgaria) mint, 276 - 282 A.D.; obverse IMP C M AVR PROBVS P F AVG, radiate helmeted and cuirassed bust left, eagle-tipped scepter in right over right shoulder, shield in left decorated with horse and rider and two rows of soldiers; reverse VIRTVS PROBI AVG (the valor of Emperor Probus), Probus on horseback left, raising right hand in salute, long scepter in left hand, bound captive seated left in front of horse below raised right foreleg, KAA in exergue; ex Beast Coins; ~~$80.00~~ SALE |PRICE| $72.00

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Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D.

In 280 - 281, Probus put down three usurpers, Julius Saturninus, Proculus and Bonosus. The extent of these revolts is not clear, but there are clues that they were not just local problems (an inscription with the name of Probus erased has been found as far as Spain). In 281, the emperor was in Rome, where he celebrated his triumph.RA79969. Silvered antoninianus, RIC V-2 223; Cohen VI 766; Pink VI-1, pp. 57-58/6; Hunter IV -; SRCV III -, Choice EF, perfect centering, bold obverse, excellent portrait, much silvering, reverse die wear, weight 4.205 g, maximum diameter 22.2 mm, die axis 0^o, 1st officina, Rome mint, emission 6, 281 A.D.; obverse PROBVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right; reverse VICTORIA GERM (victory over the Germans), trophy of captured arms, flanked on each side at the base by a seated bound captive facing outward, R thunderbolt A in exergue; ~~$75.00~~ SALE |PRICE| $67.50

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Constantine the Great, Early 307 - 22 May 337 A.D.

The reverse legend abbreviates, Victoriae Laetae Principium Perpertua, which translates, "Joyous victory to the eternal Prince." VOT P R on the shield abbreviates, Vota Populi Romani, which translates, "Vows (prayers) of the Roman people."RL89628. Billon centenionalis, RIC VII Lyons 79, SRCV IV 16292, Cohen VII 631, Hunter V -, VF, dark green patina, highlighting buff earthen fill, weight 2.633 g, maximum diameter 18.5 mm, die axis 225^o, 1st officina, Lugdunum (Lyon, France) mint, 320 A.D.; obverse CONS-TANTINVS AVG, high crested helmet, three pellets on crossbar, cuirassed bust right; reverse VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP (Joyous victory to the eternal Prince), two Victories standing confronted, together holding shield inscribed VOT / P R (vows of the Roman people) on alter (type B), P - L divided by two bound captives seated back to back in exergue; ex Beast Coins VLPP Collection; ~~$75.00~~ SALE |PRICE| $67.50

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Crispus, Caesar, 1 March 317 - 326 A.D.

In 320, Crispus, the eldest son of Constantine I, led a victorious campaign against the Franks, assuring twenty years of peace along the Rhine frontier. He established his residence in Augusta Treverorum (modern Trier), capital of Germania.RL89707. Billon centenionalis, RIC VII Thessalonica 78 (R1), SRCV IV 16857, Cohen VII 168, Hunter V -, Choice VF, well centered, excellent portrait, much silvering, areas of light corrosion, weight 2.754 g, maximum diameter 20.3 mm, die axis 315^o, 4th officina, Thessalonica (Salonika, Greece) mint, 320 A.D.; obverse CRISPVS NOB CAES, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust left; reverse VIRTVS EXERCIT (courage of the army), standard inscribed VOT / XX, flanked by a seated captive on each side, captive on left seated left with hands bound behind back, captive on right seated right with right hand raised to head and looking back left, S - F across fields, �TS�∆� in exergue; ex Beast Coins, ex Harlan Berk CICF (2013); scarce; ~~$70.00~~ SALE |PRICE| $63.00

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Valens, 28 March 364 - 9 August 378 A.D.

In April or May 366 A.D., Valens defeated Procopius in the Battle of Thyatira, ending his revolt.RL91665. Bronze centenionalis, RIC IX Heraclea 3(b)2 (S), LRBC II 1920, SRCV V 19754, Cohen VIII 11, Hunter V -, VF, dark green patina, well centered on a tight flan, small edge cracks, weight 3.092 g, maximum diameter 17.2 mm, die axis 180^o, 2nd officina, Heraclea (Marmara Ereglisi, Turkey) mint, 28 Mar 364 - 24 Aug 367 A.D.; obverse D N VALENS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse GLORIA ROMANORVM (glory of the Romans), Valens advancing right, labarum (Chi-Rho standard) in left, dragging captive with right, SMHB in exergue; from the Maxwell Hunt Collection; scarce; ~~$70.00~~ SALE |PRICE| $63.00

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