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Marcus Aurelius, 7 March 161 - 17 March 180 A.D.

In late summer or fall of 161, Vologases IV of Parthia captured the Roman client Kingdom of Armenia, expelled its king and installed his own; Pacorus, an Arsacid like himself. In 162, Lucius Verus began the war to recover Armenia and exact vengeance for Parthia's invasions of Armenia and Syria. The Armenian capital Artaxata was recovered in 163. At the end of 163, Verus took the title Armeniacus, despite having never personally seen combat. Marcus Aurelius initially declined to accept the title, but accepted it in 164.

RS87291. Silver denarius, RIC III 122, BMCRE IV 366, RSC II 9, cf. SRCV II 4881 (TR P XVIII), Choice EF, perfect centering, bold strike, radiating flow lines, excellent portrait, attractive toning, a few light marks, tiny edge cracks, weight 3.453 g, maximum diameter 18.1 mm, die axis 180^o, Rome mint, Dec 164 - c. Aug 165 A.D.; obverse ANTONINVS AVG ARMENIACVS, laureate head right; reverse P M TR P XIX IMP II COS III, Armenia in mournful attitude seated left on the ground, wearing a cap and draped, resting chin on right hand, right elbow on raised right knee, vexillum and shield on her right (far) side, left hand resting on quiver on the ground behind, ARMEN in exergue; ex Dr. Busso Peus Nachfolger, e-auction 420, lot 5306; ex Dr. Neussel Collection, nr. 772; $480.00 (�408.00)

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Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D.

Adventus reverse types commemorate the emperor's arrival at Rome, either at the commencement of his reign or on his return from a distance. They may also refer to his arrival in some other city or province of the empire. At their accession, emperors were not conveyed in a chariot nor in any other vehicle, but went on horseback or on foot when they made their first public entry into the capital of the Roman world.RA86183. Billon antoninianus, RIC V-2 904 (S); Cohen VI 69; Pink VI-1, p. 43; Hunter IV 311 var. (A in ex); cf. SRCV III 11195 (Rome mint, etc.), Choice aEF, well centered, some silvering, porosity, light marks and corrosion, weight 3.752 g, maximum diameter 22.6 mm, die axis 0^o, Cyzicus (Kapu Dagh, Turkey) mint, 2nd emission, end 276 - beginning 277 A.D.; obverse VIRTVS PROBI AVG (the valor of Emperor Probus), radiate, helmeted, and cuirassed bust left, spear in right hand over right shoulder, oval shield decorated with charging horseman on left arm; reverse ADVENTVS PROBI AVG (the arrival of Emperor Probus), Probus on horseback left, raising right hand in salute, long scepter in left hand, horses' right foreleg raised over bound captive seated left, nothing in exergue; scarce; $160.00 (�136.00)

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Marcus Aurelius, 7 March 161 - 17 March 180 A.D.

In 174, Marcus Aurelius officially conferred the title Fulminata (Thundering) to the Legio XII Fulminata.RS87060. Silver denarius, RIC III 289, RSC II 298, BMCRE IV 596, Hunter II 62 var. (draped and cuirassed), SRCV II 4911 var. (captive seated left), VF, excellent portrait, some mint luster, radiating flow lines, a few light scratches and marks, obverse slightly off center, small edge cracks, weight 3.123 g, maximum diameter 19.3 mm, die axis 180^o, Rome mint, Dec 173 - Jun 174 A.D.; obverse M ANTONINVS AVG TR P XXVIII, laureate head right; reverse IMP VI COS III, captive seated right at foot of trophy of captured arms, arms (spear and curved sword?) on the ground to right; ex Numismatik Naumann, auction 62, lot 1134 (part of); $160.00 (�136.00)

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Marcus Aurelius, 7 March 161 - 17 March 180 A.D.

On June 11, 173, during the Marcomannic Wars, the Roman army in Moravia was outnumbered and surrounded by the Quadi, suffering from the extreme heat, out of water, and on the verge of defeat. Dio writes, "many clouds gathered and a mighty rain, not without divine interposition, burst upon them...when the rain poured down, at first all turned their faces upwards and received the water in their mouths; then some held out their shields and some their helmets to catch it, and they not only took deep draughts themselves but also gave their horses to drink...while those on the one side were being drenched and drinking, the others [the Quadi] were being consumed by fire [lightning] and dying." The Romans were soon victorious. Marcus was saluted imperator for the seventh time and the "miracle of the rain" was memorialized on Marcus Aurelius' column.

RS87050. Silver denarius, RIC III 278, RSC II 297, BMCRE IV 578, Hunter II -, SRCV II -, VF, well centered, radiating flow lines, die wear, edge cracks, weight 3.307 g, maximum diameter 19.4 mm, die axis 180^o, Rome mint, Dec 172 - Dec 173 A.D.; obverse M ANTONINVS AVG TR P XXVIII, laureate head right; reverse IMP VI COS III, captive seated right at foot of trophy of captured arms, arms (spear and bow?) on the ground to right; ex Numismatik Naumann, auction 62, lot 1134 (part of); $130.00 (�110.50)

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Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D.

Adventus reverse types commemorate the emperor's arrival at Rome, either at the commencement of his reign or on his return from a distance. They may also refer to his arrival in some other city or province of the empire. At their accession, emperors were not conveyed in a chariot nor in any other vehicle, but went on horseback or on foot when they made their first public entry into the capital of the Roman world.RA76277. Silvered antoninianus, RIC V-2 166 (S); Cohen VI 69; Hunter IV 6; Pink VI-1, pp. 55; SRCV III 11953 var. (obv leg), aEF, magnificent armed bust, most silvering remaining, perfect centering, some corrosion, weight 4.183 g, maximum diameter 23.1 mm, die axis 180^o, Rome mint, emission 2, 277 A.D.; obverse VIRTVS PROBI AVG (the valor of Emperor Probus), radiate, helmeted, and cuirassed bust left, spear in right hand over right shoulder, oval shield on left shoulder; reverse ADVENTVS PROBI AVG (the arrival of Emperor Probus), Probus on horseback left, raising right hand in salute, long scepter in left hand, horses' right foreleg raised over bound captive seated left, R in exergue; scarce; $115.00 (�97.75)

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Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D.

Adventus reverse types commemorate the emperor's arrival at Rome, either at the commencement of his reign or on his return from a distance. They may also refer to his arrival in some other city or province of the empire. At their accession, emperors were not conveyed in a chariot nor in any other vehicle, but went on horseback or on foot when they made their first public entry into the capital of the Roman world.RA86759. Billon antoninianus, RIC V-2 157, Cohen VI 38, SRCV III 11953, Pink pp. 56, Hunter - (p. cxxxv), Choice EF, excellent centering, near full silvering, areas of mild porosity, weight 3.942 g, maximum diameter 22.9 mm, die axis 0^o, 4th officina, Rome mint, c. 278 - 280 A.D.; obverse IMP PROBVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right; reverse ADVENTVS AVG (arrival of the Emperor), Probus on horseback left, raising right hand in salute, scepter in left hand, captive left seated in front of horse, captive bound and wearing a pointed cap, R * ∆ in exergue; from the Davis Collection, ex Pegasi Numismatics (Feb 1998); $110.00 (�93.50)

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Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D.

In 280 - 281, Probus put down three usurpers, Julius Saturninus, Proculus and Bonosus. The extent of these revolts is not clear, but there are clues that they were not just local problems (an inscription with the name of Probus erased has been found as far as Spain). In 281, the emperor was in Rome, where he celebrated his triumph.RA79969. Silvered antoninianus, RIC V-2 223; Cohen VI 766; Pink VI-1, pp. 57-58/6; Hunter IV -; SRCV III -, Choice EF, perfect centering, bold obverse, excellent portrait, much silvering, reverse die wear, weight 4.205 g, maximum diameter 22.2 mm, die axis 0^o, 1st officina, Rome mint, emission 6, 281 A.D.; obverse PROBVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right; reverse VICTORIA GERM (victory over the Germans), trophy of captured arms, flanked on each side at the base by a seated bound captive facing outward, R thunderbolt A in exergue; $105.00 (�89.25)

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Constantius II, 22 May 337 - 3 November 361 A.D.

On 28 September 351, at Battle of Mursa Major, Constantius II defeated the usurper Magnentius. The battle was one of the bloodiest in Roman military history.

RL86817. Billon heavy maiorina, RIC VIII Thessalonica 172, LRBC II 1671, Voetter 32, SRCV V 18198, Cohen VII 38, Choice VF, green patina, small edge cracks, weight 5.149 g, maximum diameter 23.7 mm, die axis 180^o, 4th officina, Thessalonica mint, Dec 351 - 352 A.D.; obverse D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, rosette-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right, from the front; reverse FEL TEMP REPARATIO (happy times restored), emperor in military dress standing facing, head left, Victory on globe in his right hand crowning him with wreath, labarum (Christogram standard) in left hand, with right foot spurns captive seated left on left, hands bound behind back, wearing Parthian cap, looking back and up at Constantius, Γ left, * right, *TS∆* in exergue; ex Beast Coins, ex Allen Berman (Baltimore, MD); $100.00 (�85.00)

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Constantine II, 22 May 337 - March or April 340 A.D.

Constantine II was the son of Constantine I, the eldest with his second wife, Fausta. He was born in Arles (which was renamed Constantia in his honor in 328, explaining the CON mintmarks for Arles) and was made Caesar before he was a year old in 316 A.D. Upon his father's death, Constantine II inherited the Western part of the empire. After quarreling with his brother Constans, he invaded his territory, only to be killed in an ambush near Aquileia. His coins often include "IVN" in the legend, an abbreviation for junior.RB84919. Billon centenionalis, Bastien XIII 14, pl. 1 (15 spec.); RIC VII 76 (R3); Cohen VII 227; Compass Collection 407; SRCV V 17267, VF, near centered on a tight flan, light scratches, light deposits, weight 2.887 g, maximum diameter 18.2 mm, die axis 0^o, Lugdunum (Lyon, France) mint, as caesar, 1st emission, 318 A.D.; obverse D N CONSTANTINO IVN NOB C, boy's laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from the front; reverse VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP, Two Victories holding wreath on altar, VOT / PR in two lines within wreath, X on altar, two captives seated back-to-back in exergue, no P - L at sides; very rare; $90.00 (�76.50)

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Constantine the Great, Early 307 - 22 May 337 A.D.

This coin refers Constantine's victory in the Sarmatian war in 322 A.D. According to Zosimus (lib. 2), Constantine routed the Sarmatae and drove them back beyond the Danube where they rallied to renew the fight. He defeated them and again put them to flight, taking a great number of prisoners. Their king, Rausimodus, was left among the slain.RL84287. Billon centenionalis, Hunter V 65 (also 2nd officina), RIC VII Trier 435, Cohen VII 487, SRCV IV 16284, Choice EF, attractive surfaces, nice portrait, some flatness of strike on reverse, small edge split, weight 3.058 g, maximum diameter 19.2 mm, die axis 180^o, 2nd officina, Treveri (Trier, Germany) mint, 323 - 324 A.D.; obverse CONSTANTINVS AVG, laureate head right; reverse SARMATIA DEVICTA (Samartia vanquished), Victory advancing right, treading on captive with left foot, trophy in right hand, palm frond in left hand, STR crescent in exergue; $85.00 (�72.25)

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