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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Themes & Provenance| ▸ |Military| ▸ |Captives||View Options:   | | | |
Dacia defeated! After his defeat in 101 A.D., King Decebalus complied with Rome for a time but then incited the tribes to pillage Roman colonies across the Danube. Trajan marched into Dacia in 105 A.D. After defeating the surrounding mountain fortresses, in 106 A.D. Trajan besieged Sarmizegetusa, the Dacian capital. With the aid of a Dacian traitor, the Romans found and destroyed water pipes supplying the city. Running out of water and food the city fell and was burned to the ground. Decebalus fled but, followed by the Roman cavalry, committed suicide rather than face capture. The Romans found Decebalus' treasure, estimated at 165,500 kg of gold and 331,000 kg of silver, in the river of Sargesia.SH95273. Orichalcum dupondius, Woytek 327bD, BMCRE III 887, RIC II 563, Hunter II 312, BnF IV 322, Cohen II 533, Strack I 365, SRCV II -, aEF, dark brown patina, some porosity, weight 13.807 g, maximum diameter 27.0 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, 103 - 111 A.D.; obverse IMP CAES NERVAE TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS V P P, radiate bust right, slight drapery on left shoulder; reverse S P Q R OPTIMO PRINCIPI, Dacian seated left on shields and arms in attitude of mourning, trophy of captured arms before her, S - C (senatus consulto) in exergue;
Julius Caesar, Imperator and Dictator, October 49 - 15 March 44 B.C.
This type was a special military coinage produced by Caesar during his final campaign. This campaign against the Pompeian forces in Spain culminated in the battle of Munda on 17 March 45 B.C. The obverse refers to Caesar's mythical descent from the goddess Venus. The reverse refers to Caesar's victories in Gaul and the male Gaulish captive may be Vercingetorix.RR96978. Silver denarius, SRCV I 1404, BMCRR Spain 89, RSC I 13, Sydenham 58, Crawford 468/1, aVF, toned, scratches, bumps, encrustations, off center, weight 2.988 g, maximum diameter 18.2 mm, die axis 180o, Spanish mint, 46 - 45 B.C.; obverse diademed head of Venus right, small Cupid behind; reverse trophy of Gallic arms; on left, Gallia seated left with hand to head in attitude of morning; on right, male (Vercingetorix?) captive seated right, hands bound behind, looking up; CAESAR in exergue; ex FORVM (2012);
Septimius Severus, 9 April 193 - 4 February 211 A.D.
The as is a rare denomination for Septimius Severus.RB95801. Copper as, RIC IV 805, BMCRE V 200, Cohen IV 545, Hunter III -, VF, nice green patina, nice style, tight flan, light encrustations, part of legends weak, small edge split, weight 11.403 g, maximum diameter 26.0 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 210 A.D.; obverse SEVERVS PIVS AVG, laureate head right; reverse P M TR P XVIII COS III P P, Victory standing right, holding vexillum transversely in both hand, flanked by seated at feet on each side, S - C across field below center; Roma Numismatics sale 68 (27 Feb 2020) lot 1091; ex European Collection; scarce;
Gallic Empire, Postumus, Summer 260 - Spring 269 A.D.
The radiate crown indicates the double denomination. The weights are sometimes no heavier than sestertii of the period, and they are frequently overstruck on coins of the first and second century emperors. Authorities do not agree on the mint. Also, there are also many imitatives or counterfeits, some of which are very crude style, carelessly struck, or both.RA93326. Orichalcum double sestertius, RIC V-2 169, SRCV III 11065, Cohen VI 380, Hunter IV - (p. xcii), F, well centered on a tight flan, brown patina, weight 16.714 g, maximum diameter 30.7 mm, die axis 165o, uncertain (Cologne?) mint, c. 260 - 268 A.D.; obverse IMP C M CASS LAT POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse VICTORIA AVG, Victory advancing left, wreath in right hand, palm frond in left hand, captive seated left at feet on left with hands bound behind, S C in exergue; from the Errett Bishop Collection;
Gallienus, August 253 - September 268 A.D.
In 258, Valerian put to death a number of church leaders, including Rome's bishop, Sixtus. Christians belonging to the nobility or the Roman Senate were deprived of their property and exiled. Thinking that the Christian had great hidden treasures, Valerian ordered the leading deacon, Laurentius, him to hand them over. Laurentius agreed but asked for three days to gather them to together. He assembled the poor, aged and sick in Rome and brought them before the emperor, saying "These are the true treasures of the church." Furious, Laurentius was ordered to suffer a slow and cruel death. On 10 August 258, Laurentius was scourged, beaten with irons, and had his joints dislocated. He was then placed on a grate over a fire and slowly roasted to death. Having lain there for some time, he is reported to have called out to the emperor a Latin couplet, "Assum est, inquit, versa et manduca" (This side is done, turn me over and have a bite). His executioner obliged and after he had been tormented for a considerable time, he finally lifted his eyes to heaven and with calmness yielded his spirit to God. Laurentius (Saint Lawrence) is the patron saint of comedians.RS93267. Silver antoninianus, Göbl MIR 874l, RIC V-1 J49 (Lugdunum), RSC IV 1062 (Lugdunum), SRCV III 10379, Choice VF, nice metal, well centered, flow lines, toned, some light scratches, die wear, tiny edge cracks, weight 3.231 g, maximum diameter 23.0 mm, die axis 180o, Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint, 257 - 258 A.D.; obverse GALLIENVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right; reverse VICT GERMANICA (victory over the Germans), Victory standing right on globe, wreath in extended right hand, palm frond in left hand over left shoulder, captive seated facing outward on each side; scarce;
Constantine the Great, Early 307 - 22 May 337 A.D.
In 320, Crispus, eldest son of Constantine I, led a victorious campaign against the Franks, assuring twenty years of peace along the Rhine frontier. He established his residence in Augusta Treverorum (modern Trier), capital of Germania.RL20963. Billon centenionalis, Paolucci-Zub 255a, RIC VII Aquileia 48, SRCV IV 16323, Cohen VII 690, Choice gVF, well centered, nice portrait, some silvering, weight 3.122 g, maximum diameter 18.3 mm, die axis 330o, 1st officina, Aquileia mint, 320 A.D.; obverse CONSTANTINVS AVG, helmeted and cuirassed bust right; reverse VIRTVS EXERCIT (courage of the army), vexillum inscribed VOT / XX, two captives seated at base facing outward, the one on the left with hands bound behind, the one on the right looking back left, S left, F right, AQP in exergue; from the Scott Collection, ex Beast Coins (2007);
Licinius I, 11 November 308 - 18 September 324 A.D.
In 320 A.D., Licinius reneged on the religious freedom promised by the Edict of Milan, and began a new persecution of Christians in the Eastern Roman Empire. He destroyed churches, imprisoned Christians and confiscated their property.RL89635. Billon centenionalis, RIC VII Lyons 70a (R1), Hunter V 17, SRCV IV 15360, Cohen 174, Choice VF, well centered, some silvering, porosity on obverse, weight 2.613 g, maximum diameter 18.9 mm, die axis 180o, Lugdunum (Lyon, France) mint, 319 - 320 A.D.; obverse IMP LICI-NVS AVG, Laureate and cuirassed bust right; reverse VICTORIAE LAET PRINC PERP (Joyous victory to the eternal Prince), two victories standing confronted, holding shield inscribed VOT / P R over tall altar (type a) with a garland, two captives seated back to back in exergue; ex Beast Coins VLPP Collection, ex Keith Metzer Collection; scarce;
Licinius Junior, Caesar, 1 March 317 - 18 September 324 A.D.
On 7 March 321, Constantine issued an edict proclaiming Dies Solis Invicti (Sunday) as the day of rest; trade was forbidden but agriculture was allowed.RL96401. Billon follis, Hunter V 52 (also 7th officina), RIC VII Antioch 36 (R3), SRCV IV 15410, Cohen VII 21, gF, brown tone, porous, light corrosion, weight 3.940 g, maximum diameter 19.0 mm, die axis 0o, 7th officina, Antioch (Antakya, Turkey) mint, 321 - 323 A.D.; obverse D N VAL LICIN LICINIVS NOB C, helmeted, cuirassed bust left, shield in left hand and spear in right; reverse IOVI CONSERVATORI (to Jupiter the protector), Jupiter standing facing, head left, nude but for chlamys over shoulder, Victory on globe offering wreath in his right hand, eagle-topped scepter vertical in left, eagle with wreath in beak on left, X/IIΓ (12 1/2) on right above bearded captive at feet seated right with head turned looking back at Jupiter, SMANTZ in exergue; from the J. Berlin Caesarea Collection, purchased in Israel, 1970's;
Constantius II, 22 May 337 - 3 November 361 A.D.
The labarum, was a type of Roman cavalry standard, a vexillum with a military ensign marked with the Christogram (Greek monogram of Christ). It was an object of religious veneration amongst the soldiers, who paid it divine honors.RL93280. Billon light maiorina, RIC VIII Constantinople 89, LRBC II 2015, SRCV V 18231, Cohen VII 39, Hunter V -, aVF, well centered, dark brown patina, highlighting light deposits, weight 4.523 g, maximum diameter 23.0 mm, die axis 0o, 2nd officina, Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey) mint, 348 - 15 Mar 351 A.D.; obverse D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust left, globe in right; reverse FEL TEMP REPARATIO (happy times restored), emperor standing left, labarum (chi rho Christogram banner) in right, resting left on shield, two captives before him, Γ (control symbol) left, CONSB* in exergue; from the Errett Bishop Collection;
Probus, Summer 276 - September 282 A.D.
In 278 A.D., Probus campaigned against Germanic incursion in Raetia and the Vandals in Illyricum.RA89637. Billon antoninianus, Hunter IV 21 var. (4th officina); RIC V-2 157; Pink VI-1, pp. 56 - 57; Cohen VI 37; SRCV III 11953 var. (bust), Choice VF, full borders centering, nice portrait, traces of silvering, weight 3.468 g, maximum diameter 23.1 mm, die axis 180o, 6th officina, Rome mint, emission 4, 279 A.D.; obverse IMP PROBVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right; reverse ADVENTVS AVG (arrival of the Emperor), Probus on horseback prancing left, raising right hand in salute, scepter in left hand, bound captive seated left in front of horse below raised right foreleg, R crescent ζ in exergue; ex Beast Coins;
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