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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Greek Coins| ▸ |Geographic - All Periods| ▸ |Anatolia| ▸ |Phrygia| ▸ |Hierapolis||View Options:  |  |  | 

Ancient Greek Coins of Hierapolis

Hierapolis (Greek: "Holy City") was located on hot springs in Phrygia in southwestern Anatolia. Its ruins are adjacent to modern Pamukkale, Turkey and are designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Hierapolis became part of Roman Asia in 133 B.C., when Attalus III bequeathed his kingdom to Rome. An early church was founded under the influence of Saint Paul and the town's Martyrium was built upon the spot where Philip, one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus, was said to have been crucified. After a major quake in 60 A.D., the city was rebuilt with imperial financial support. The theater was built in 129 for a visit by Hadrian. When Caracalla visited the town in 215, he bestowed the much-coveted title of neocoros. This was the golden age of Hierapolis. New building projects were started: two Roman baths, a gymnasium, several temples, a main street with a colonnade, and a fountain. Thousands of people came to benefit from the medicinal properties of the hot springs, with many patrons retiring or dying there. The large necropolis is filled with sarcophagi. Hierapolis excelled in the arts, philosophy, and trade; grew wealthy, and to 100,000 inhabitants. During his campaign against the Sassanid Shapur II in 370, Valens made the last-ever imperial visit to the city. Hierapolis flourished under Byzantine rule and remained an important center for Christianity. The Roman baths were transformed to a Christian basilica. In the early 7th century, the town was devastated first by Persian armies and then by another earthquake. In the 12th century, the area came under the control of the Seljuk sultanate of Konya before falling to crusaders under Frederick Barbarossa and their Byzantine allies in 1190. In 1354, the great Thracian earthquake toppled what little remained of the ancient city.

Hierapolis, Phrygia, c. 1st Century B.C.

|Hierapolis|, |Hierapolis,| |Phrygia,| |c.| |1st| |Century| |B.C.||AE| |19|
Hierapolis (Greek: "Holy City") was located on hot springs in Phrygia in southwestern Anatolia. Its ruins are adjacent to modern Pamukkale in Turkey and are designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The hot springs have been used as a spa since the 2nd century B.C., with many patrons retiring or dying there. The large necropolis is filled with sarcophagi. In A.D. 17, during the rule of the emperor Tiberius, a major earthquake destroyed the city.
The unusual seated figure on the reverse of this Apollo type has variously been described as Athena, Roma, Tyche, or a "City-goddess," none of which have found full acceptance among numismatists. Leo Weber in his 1911 XAPITEΣ article, "Zur Münzprägung des phrygischen Hierapolis" was decidedly against the attribution to Athena based on the absence of her iconic helmet. An unnamed city goddess, as tentatively proposed by Barclay Head in BMC Phrygia, seemed to Weber the closest identification of those he knew. That said, discussed later in the article was a pseudo-autonomous issue (i.e. RPC III 2350) inscribed ΘEA PΩMH ("the Goddess Roma") on the reverse. Although the designs are different in many ways and (supposedly) similar to the seated Athena type of the Pergamene kings, they undeniably capture the spirit of the old Hierapolis Greek type.
GB113956. Bronze AE 19, BMC Phrygia p. 228, 2-3; HGC 7 696 (R2), cf. SNG Tübingen 4019 (uncertain monogram), gF, well centered, attractive dark green patina with good contrast, weight 6.802 g, maximum diameter 19.1 mm, die axis 0o, Hierapolis (near Pamukkale, Turkey) mint, c. 58 - 40 B.C.(?); obverse laureate head of Apollo right; reverse IEPO/ΠOΛITΩN downwards in right and left fields, respectively, Roma(?) seated left on pile of three shields, holding wreath-bearing Nike in right hand supported by scepter in left; letters ΦI in lower right field.; very rare; $110.00 (€103.40)
 


Annia Faustina, 3rd Wife of Elagabalus, Augusta, 221 A.D., Hierapolis, Phrygia

|Hierapolis|, |Annia| |Faustina,| |3rd| |Wife| |of| |Elagabalus,| |Augusta,| |221| |A.D.,| |Hierapolis,| |Phrygia||AE| |23|
In 221, after Elagabalus was induced to end his highly controversial marriage to the Vestal Virgin Aquilia Severa, he married the recently widowed Annia Aurelia Faustina. The marriage was intended to form an alliance with the powerful aristocratic Nerva-Antonine clan, resulting from her blood relation to the dynasty. Elagabalus gave her the title of Augusta. Supporters of Elagabalus had hoped that Annia, the mother of two small children from her previous marriage, would bear him a natural heir; however, she bore him no children. There are no surviving sources providing details of Annia Aurelia Faustina's short time as a Roman empress. Before the end of 221, Elagabalus divorced her and returned to Julia Aquilia Severa. After her marriage to Elagabalus ended, she returned with her children to her Pisidian Estate where she spent the final years of her life.

The AKTIA festival and games at Hierapolis were founded in honor of Augustus' victory at Actium.
RP77251. Bronze AE 23, Johnston Hierapolis 74; BMC Phrygia p. 242, 89; SNG Cop 444; Waddington 6128; SNGvA -; SNG Tüb -; SNG Hunterian -; SNG Leypold -; Weber -; McClean -, aF, weight 7.085 g, maximum diameter 23.0 mm, die axis 180o, Phrygia, Hierapolis (near Pamukkale, Turkey) mint, c. 221 - 268 A.D.; obverse IEPA•CY-NKΛHTO-C, draped bust of the senate right; reverse IEPAΠOΛEITΩN NEΩKOPΩN, A/KTI/A in three lines within a demos crown (laurel wreath); very rare; SOLD


Claudius, 25 January 41 - 13 October 54 A.D., Hierapolis, Phrygia

|Hierapolis|, |Claudius,| |25| |January| |41| |-| |13| |October| |54| |A.D.,| |Hierapolis,| |Phrygia||AE| |20|
Hierapolis (Greek: "Holy City") was located on hot springs in Phrygia in southwestern Anatolia. Its ruins are adjacent to modern Pamukkale in Turkey and are designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The hot springs have been used as a spa since the 2nd century B.C., with many patrons retiring or dying there. The large necropolis is filled with sarcophagi.
RP66841. Bronze AE 20, RPC I 2970; SNGvA 3647; SNG Cop 455; BMC Phrygia p. 247, 114, aVF, green patina, nice portrait, weight 5.107 g, maximum diameter 20.0 mm, die axis 0o, Phrygia, Hierapolis (near Pamukkale, Turkey) mint, M. Suillios Antiochos, grammateus, 50 - 54 A.D.; obverse KΛAYΔIOΣ KAIΣAP, laureate head right; reverse M ΣYIΛΛIOΣ ANTIOXOΣ ΓPA IEPAΠOΛITΩN, Apollo on horseback right, holding labrys (double axe) over shoulder; SOLD







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REFERENCES

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Bloesch, H. Griechische Münzen in Winterthur, Vol. 2: Bosporus, Pontus, Armenia, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Mysia, Troas, Phrygia.... (Winterthur, 1987).
Brett, A. Catalogue of Greek Coins, Boston Museum of Fine Arts. (Boston, 1955).
Burnett, A., M. Amandry, et al. Roman Provincial Coinage. (1992 - ).
de Callataÿ, F. "Le premier monnayage de la cité d'Amastris (Paphlagonie)" in SNR 2004.
Franke, P. & M Noellé. Die Homonoia-Münzen Kleinasiens und der thrakischen Randgebiete. (Saarbrücken, 1997).
Head, B. A Catalogue of Greek Coins in the British Museum, Phrygia. (London, 1906).
Hoover, O. Handbook of Coins of Northern and Central Anatolia, Pontos, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Phrygia...5th to 1st Centuries BC. HGC 7. (Lancaster, PA, 2012).
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Roman Provincial Coinage Online - http://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/
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Strauss, P. Collection Maurice Laffaille - monnaies grecques en bronze. (Bàle, 1990).
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Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, Münzsammlung Universität Tübingen, Part| 6: Phrygien-Kappadokien; Römische Provinzprägungen in Kleinasien. (Berlin, 1998).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland, Sammlung Hans Von Aulock, Vol. 2: Caria, Lydia, Phrygia, Lycia, Pamphylia. (Berlin, 1962).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Great Britain XII, The Hunterian Museum, Univ. of Glasgow, Part 1: Roman Provincial Coins: Spain-Kingdoms of Asia Minor. (Oxford, 2004).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Österreich, Sammlung Leypold, Kleinasiatische Münzen der Kaiserzeit, Vol. II: Phrygia-Commagene. (Vienna, 2004).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Schweiz II, Katalog der Sammlung Jean-Pierre Righetti im Bernischen Historischen Museum. (Bern, 1993).
Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, Turkey 5: Tire Museum (Izmir), Vol. 1: Roman Provincial Coins From Ionia, Lydia, Phrygia, etc. (Istanbul, 2011).
von Papen, F. "Die Spiele von Hierapolis" in ZfN 26 (1908), pp. 161-182.
Weber, L. "Die Homoniemmünzen des Phrygischen Hierapolis" in JIAN (1912), pp. 65-122.
Weber, L. "The Coins of Hierapolis in Phrygia (Continued)" in NC 13 (1913), pp. 133-161.
Weber, L. "Zur Münzprägung des phrygischen Hierapolis" in Xapites (1911), pp. 480-490.

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