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Claudius II Posthumous antoninianus. DIVO CLAVDIO, radiate head right / CONSECRATIO, garlanded altar with flames above, no decoration on front. Minster hoard 478.
*Claudius II ("Claudius Gothicus"), the first of the soldier-emperors, ruled for less than two years (268–270 AD). His destruction of the Gothic cavalry earned him the name of Gothicus. He died of smallpox in January 270 and was deified by his brother Quintillus who succeeded him for a short time.Antonivs Protti
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Claudius II Gothicus, 268-270 CE.Bronze Antoninianus, Minister 478
Obverse: DIVO CLAUVDIO, radiate head right.
Reverse: CONSECRATIO, garlanded altar with flames above, no decoration on front. 16.7 mm., 1.8 g.
Note: Although a variation of this coin is in the RIC and Cohen, these sources generally refer to the type with a front divided into four sections (RIC 261). This type of garlanded altar, lit altar was not described and published until the discovery of the Minister Hoard, discovered after RIC was written.
NORMAN K
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9 NumerianNUMERIAN
Silvered Antoninianus, Rome Mint, 284 AD
DIVO NVMERIANO, Radiate bust r. / CONSECRATIO, Altar with flame, KA crescent A in ex.
RIC V-II Rome 426Sosius
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Claudius II Gothicus, 268-270 CE.Bronze Antoninianus, Minister 478
Obverse: DIVO CLAUVDIO, radiate head right.
Reverse: CONSECRATIO, garlanded altar with flames above, no decoration on front. 16.7 mm., 1.8 g.
Note: Although a variation of this coin is in the RIC and Cohen, these sources generally refer to the type with a front divided into four sections (RIC 261). This type of garlanded altar, lit altar was not described and published until the discovery of the Minister Hoard, discovered after RIC was written.NORMAN K
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(0268) CLAUDIUS II GOTHICUS (posthumous issue)268-270 AD
AE 16 mm; 2.14 g
O: Radiate bust right
R: Altar with flame on top, horns at each side, and garlandlaney
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0001 Sasanian Empire Khusro II -- Year 2 -- BishapurObv: Pahlavi script legend: to the l. on two lines reading down leftward and outward is GDH/'pzwt (xwarrah abzūd) and to the r. on one line reading down is hwslwd (Husraw) = Khusro has increased the royal glory; frontal bust facing r. of bearded Khusro II with a hair globe drawn to the back of the neck, crown with three merlons and attached to the top of the crown cap are wings (group of pellets within the base) with an attached crescent and star, double pearl diadem with three ribbons behind, earring made up of three dots, neckline edged with a row of pearls, both shoulders decorated with a crescent and star, double row of pearls from shoulders to breast, two dots on the breast, star in upper l. field, star and crescent in upper r. field, two dotted rims with a star on a crescent at 3h, 6h, and 9h.
Rev: Pahlavi script legend: to the l. reading down is year tlyn of Khusro II's reign and to the r. reading down is the mint mark BYSh = year 2 of Khusro II's reign, Bishapur; fire altar with a base consisting of two slabs and a shaft with two ribbons pointing upwards to the r. and l. of the shaft with four altar slabs on top and flames consisting of four tiers rendered as four then three then two then one upward stroke, star to the l. and crescent to the r. of the top two tiers, to the l. and r. of the altar are two frontal facing attendants each holding a sword pointing downwards with the r. hand over the l. hand and wearing a rounded cap, three dotted rims with a star on a crescent at 3h, 6h, 9h, and 12h.
Denomination: silver drachm; Mint: Bishapur; Date: year 2, 591 - 592 AD; Weight: 4.12g; Diameter: 29mm; Die axis: 90º; References, for example: Göbl II/2; SNS Iran 580 and 581 (same mint and regnal year).
Regnal year 2 saw major changes to the coinage of Khusro II. First, the defeat of Wahrām Chōbēn (Wahrām VI) brought to an end the interruption of Khusro II's xwarrah and so wings representing Vərəθraγna/Verethragna (Avestan), Wahrām (Middle Persian), Bahrām (Persian), i.e. the god or personification of victory, were added to Khusro II's crown. Second, for the first time in Sasanian coinage the ideogram GDH (xwarrah) is added to the legend (obverse). Third, on the reverse six pointed stars are added to the crescent moons outside of the three dotted rims at 3h, 6h, 9h, and 12h. Six pointed stars can be considered representations of the sun (see Gariboldi 2010 pp. 36ff and the sources referenced in footnote 71, p. 37).
See Daryaee (1997) for an interesting study of the religious and political iconography on the coinage of Khusro II*. He argues that Khusro II implemented iconographic changes in regnal year 2 (591 - 592 AD) as a direct result of suppressing the rebellion (with the assistance of the Byzantine Emperor Maurice) of the brilliant general Wahrām Chōbēn (Wahrām VI) in 591 AD. Further iconographic changes were carried out in regnal year 11 (600 - 601 AD) in response to the final defeat in 600 AD of the 10 year rule/rebellion of Wistahm**, his uncle (as the brother-in-law of his father Ohrmazd IV) and former staunch supporter.
*The study cannot be intended to be complete. For example, there is no discussion of the legend 'pd that appeared, beginning in the 12th regnal year but not present for all subsequent years or at all mints, in the second quadrant outside of the rims on the obverse. Gariboldi 2010 (p.64) translates the legend as "good", "excellent", "wonderful" while Göbl 1983 (p. 331) translates it as "praise".
**There is some debate about when Wistahm was finally eliminated. Daryaee, following Paruck 1924, relies on (purported?) numismatic evidence that the last coin minted in his name was for year 10. Therefore Daryaee states that 600 AD was the year of elimination (Daryaee 1997, p. 53 n. 38. Also see Daryaee 2009, p. 33 n. 166 for a slightly more tepid assertion). Frye 1984 implies a 10 year rule for Wistahm, stating that "it was not until 601 that the rule of Chosroes [Khusro] was restored over all of the empire..." (p. 336). Göbl SN, however, states that 10 years of reign are said to be represented, although personally he had only seen coins of years 2 through 7 (p. 53). Thus Wistahm's years in SN's Table XI are listed as "591/2 - 597?" Malek 1993 also lists Wistahm's years as 591/2 - 97 (p. 237).
Provenance: Ex Stephen Album Rare Coins Auction 36, January 25, 2020
Photo Credit: Stephen Album Rare Coins
Sources
Daryaee, Touraj. 'The Use of Religio-Political Propaganda on Coins of Xusrō II." The Journal of the American Numismatics (1989-), vol. 9 (1997): 41-53.
Daryaee, Touraj. Sasanian Persia: The Rise And Fall Of An Empire. London: I. B. Tauris, 2009.
Frye, Richard. The History of Ancient Iran. Munich: C.H. Beck’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1984.
Gariboldi, Andrea. Sasanian Coinage and History: The Civic Numismatic Collection of Milan. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, 2010.
Göbl, Robert. Sasanian Numismatics. Braunschweig: Klinkhardt and Biermann, 1971.
Göbl 1983: Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 3 (1), The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983: 322 - 336.
Malek, Hodge. "A Survey of Research on Sasanian Numismatics." The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), vol. 153 (1993): 227 - 269.
Paruck, F.D.J. Sasanian Coins. Bombay: 1924.
SNS Iran: Akbarzadeh, Daryoosh and Nikolaus Schindel. Sylloge Nummorum Sasanidarum Iran A Late Sasanian Hoard from Orumiyeh. Wien: Österreichischen Akademie Der Wissenschaften, 2017.
Tracy Aiello
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0002 Sasanian Empire Khusro II -- Year 5 -- CtesiphonObv: Pahlavi script legend: to the l. on two lines reading down leftward and outward is GDH/'pzwt (xwarrah abzūd) and to the r. on one line reading down is hwslwd (Husraw) = Khusro has increased the royal glory; frontal bust facing r. of bearded Khusro II with a hair globe drawn to the back of the neck, crown with three merlons and attached to the top of the crown cap are wings (lines within the base, wings open) with an attached crescent and star, double pearl diadem with three ribbons behind, earring made up of three dots, neckline edged with a row of pearls, both shoulders decorated with a crescent and star, double row of pearls from shoulders to breast, two dots on the breast, star in upper l. field, star and crescent in upper r. field, two dotted rims with a star on a crescent at 3h, 6h, and 9h.
Rev: Pahlavi script legend: to the l. reading down is year ḥwmŝ‵ of Khusro II's reign and to the r. reading down is the mint mark WYHC = year 5 of Khusro II's reign, Ctesiphon; fire altar with a base consisting of two slabs and a shaft with two ribbons pointing upwards to the r. and l. of the shaft with four altar slabs on top and flames consisting of four tiers rendered as four then three then two then one upward stroke, star to the l. and crescent to the r. of the top two tiers, to the l. and r. of the altar are two frontal facing attendants each holding a sword pointing downwards with the r. hand over the l. hand and wearing a rounded cap, three dotted rims with a star on a crescent at 3h, 6h, 9h, and 12h.
Denomination: silver drachm; Mint: Ctesiphon;1 Date: year 5, 594 - 595 AD; Weight: 4.10g; Diameter: 31.34mm; Die axis: 90º; References, for example: Göbl II/2.
Notes:
1See Schindel (2005) pp. 296 - 299 for an argument identifying the Pahlavi mint signature WYHC with Ctesipon.
See Daryaee (1997) for an interesting study of the religious and political iconography on the coinage of Khusro II*. He argues that Khusro II implemented iconographic changes in regnal year 2 (591 - 592 AD) as a direct result of suppressing the rebellion (with the assistance of the Byzantine Emperor Maurice) of the brilliant general Wahrām Chōbēn (Wahrām VI) in 591 AD. Further iconographic changes were carried out in regnal year 11 (600 - 601 AD) in response to the final defeat in 600 AD of the 10 year rule/rebellion of Wistahm**, his uncle (as the brother-in-law of his father Ohrmazd IV) and former staunch supporter.
*The study cannot be intended to be complete. For example, there is no discussion of the legend 'pd that appeared, beginning in the 12th regnal year but not present for all subsequent years or at all mints, in the second quadrant outside of the rims on the obverse. Gariboldi 2010 (p.64) translates the legend as "good", "excellent", "wonderful' while Göbl 1983 (p. 331) translates it as "praise".
**There is some debate about when Wistahm was finally eliminated. Daryaee, following Paruck 1924, relies on (purported?) numismatic evidence that the last coin minted in his name was for year 10. Therefore Daryaee states that 600 AD was the year of elimination (Daryaee 1997, p. 53 n. 38. Also see Daryaee 2009, p. 33 n. 166 for a slightly more tepid assertion). Frye 1984 implies a 10 year rule for Wistahm, stating that "it was not until 601 that the rule of Chosroes [Khusro] was restored over all of the empire..." (p. 336). Göbl SN, however, states that 10 years of reign are said to be represented, although personally he had only seen coins of years 2 through 7 (p. 53). Thus Wistahm's years in SN's Table XI are listed as "591/2 - 597?" Malek 1993 also lists Wistahm's years as 591/2 - 97 (p. 237).
Provenance: Ex Marc R. Breitsprecher, Classical Numismatist October 2, 2018.
Photo Credit: Marc R. Breitsprecher, Classical Numismatist
Sources
Daryaee, Touraj. "The Use of Religio-Political Propaganda on Coins of Xusrō II." The Journal of the American Numismatics (1989-), vol. 9 (1997): 41-53.
Daryaee, Touraj. Sasanian Persia: The Rise And Fall Of An Empire. London: I. B. Tauris, 2009.
Frye, Richard. The History of Ancient Iran. Munich: C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1984.
Gariboldi, Andrea. Sasanian Coinage and History: The Civic Numismatic Collection of Milan. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, 2010.
Göbl, Robert. Sasanian Numismatics. Braunschweig: Klinkhardt and Biermann, 1971.
Göbl 1983: Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 3 (1), The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983: 322 - 336.
Malek, Hodge. "A Survey of Research on Sasanian Numismatics." The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), vol. 153 (1993): 227 - 269.
Paruck, F.D.J. Sasanian Coins. Bombay: 1924.
Schindel, Nickolaus. "Sasanian Mint Abbreviations: The Evidence of Style." The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), vol. 165 (2005): 287 - 299.Tracy Aiello
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0003 Sasanian Empire Khusro II -- Year 35 -- CtesiphonObv: Pahlavi script legend: to the l. on two lines reading down leftward and outward (with the first word extending through the inner rim) is GDH/'pzwt (xwarrah abzūd) and to the r. on one line reading down is hwslwd (Husraw) = Khusro has increased the royal glory; frontal bust facing r. of bearded Khusro II with a hair globe drawn to the back of the neck, crown with three merlons and attached to the top of the crown cap are wings (lines within the base, wings open) with an attached crescent and star, double pearl diadem with three ribbons behind, earring made up of three dots, neckline edged with a row of pearls, both shoulders decorated with a crescent and star, double row of pearls from shoulders to breast, two dots on the breast, star in upper l. field and star and crescent in upper r. field both extending through the inner rim, two dotted rims with a star on a crescent at 3h, 6h, and 9h.
Rev: Pahlavi script legend: to the l. reading down is year pncsyh of Khusro II's reign and to the r. reading down is the mint mark WYHC = year 35 of Khusro II's reign, Ctesiphon; fire altar with a base consisting of two slabs and a shaft with two ribbons pointing upwards to the r. and l. of the shaft with four altar slabs on top and flames consisting of four tiers rendered as four then three then two then one upward stroke, star to the l. and crescent to the r. of the top two tiers, to the l. and r. of the altar are two frontal facing attendants each holding a sword pointing downwards with the r. hand over the l. hand and wearing a crescent cap, three dotted rims with a star on a crescent at 3h, 6h, 9h, and 12h.
Denomination: silver drachm; Mint: Ctesiphon;1 Date: year 35, 624 - 625 AD; Weight: 4.11g; Diameter: 32.6mm; Die axis: 90º; References, for example: Göbl II/3.
Notes:
1See Schindel (2005) pp. 296 - 299 for an argument identifying the Pahlavi mint signature WYHC with Ctesipon.
See Daryaee (1997) for an interesting study of the religious and political iconography on the coinage of Khusro II*. He argues that Khusro II implemented iconographic changes in regnal year 2 (591 - 592 AD) as a direct result of suppressing the rebellion (with the assistance of the Byzantine Emperor Maurice) of the brilliant general Wahrām Chōbēn (Wahrām VI) in 591 AD. Further iconographic changes were carried out in regnal year 11 (600 - 601 AD) in response to the final defeat in 600 AD of the 10 year rule/rebellion of Wistahm**, his uncle (as the brother-in-law of his father Ohrmazd IV) and former staunch supporter.
*The study cannot be intended to be complete. For example, there is no discussion of the legend 'pd that appeared, beginning in the 12th regnal year but not present for all subsequent years or at all mints, in the second quadrant outside of the rims on the obverse. Gariboldi 2010 (p.64) translates the legend as "good", "excellent", "wonderful" while Göbl 1983 (p. 331) translates it as "praise".
**There is some debate about when Wistahm was finally eliminated. Daryaee, following Paruck 1924, relies on (purported?) numismatic evidence that the last coin minted in his name was for year 10. Therefore Daryaee states that 600 AD was the year of elimination (Daryaee 1997, p. 53 n. 38. Also see Daryaee 2009, p. 33 n. 166 for a slightly more tepid assertion). Frye 1984 implies a 10 year rule for Wistahm, stating that "it was not until 601 that the rule of Chosroes [Khusro] was restored over all of the empire..." (p. 336). Göbl SN, however, states that 10 years of reign are said to be represented, although personally he had only seen coins of years 2 through 7 (p. 53). Thus Wistahm's years in SN's Table XI are listed as "591/2 - 597?" Malek 1993 also lists Wistahm's years as 591/2 - 97 (p. 237).
Provenance: Ex Forum Ancient Coins June 8, 2018, from the Jyrki Muona Collection; Ex CNG e-auction 59 (26 Feb 2003), lot 77; Ex CNG e-auction 57 (4 Apr 2001), lot 47.
Photo Credit: Forum Ancient Coins
Sources
Daryaee, Touraj. "The Use of Religio-Political Propaganda on Coins of Xusrō II." The Journal of the American Numismatics (1989-), vol. 9 (1997): 41-53.
Daryaee, Touraj. Sasanian Persia: The Rise And Fall Of An Empire. London: I. B. Tauris, 2009.
Frye, Richard. The History of Ancient Iran. Munich: C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1984.
Gariboldi, Andrea. Sasanian Coinage and History: The Civic Numismatic Collection of Milan. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, 2010.
Göbl, Robert. Sasanian Numismatics. Braunschweig: Klinkhardt and Biermann, 1971.
Göbl 1983: Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 3 (1), The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983: 322 - 336.
Malek, Hodge. "A Survey of Research on Sasanian Numismatics." The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), vol. 153 (1993): 227 - 269.
Paruck, F.D.J. Sasanian Coins. Bombay: 1924.
Schindel, Nickolaus. "Sasanian Mint Abbreviations: The Evidence of Style." The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-), vol. 165 (2005): 287 - 299.Tracy Aiello
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000b. Pompey the GreatThe Pompeians. Sextus Pompey. 37/6 BC. AR Denarius (19mm, 3.49 g, 9h). Uncertain Sicilian mint, possibly Catana. Bare head of Pompey the Great right; capis to left, lituus to right / Neptune, holding aplustre and resting right foot on prow, standing left between the Catanaean brothers Anapias and Amphinomus running in opposite directions, bearing their parents on their shoulders. Crawford 511/3a; CRI 334; Sydenham 1344; RSC 17 (Pompey the Great). Fine, lightly toned, bankers’ marks on obverse.
AMPHINOMUS and ANAPIS (or Anapias), two brothers, of Silicy, respecting whom it is related that they saved their parents, at the peril of their own lives, from the flames of Etna, at the moment when an eruption of that volcano threatened their immediate destruction. This was a favourite subject with the ancients, in symbolising filial piety; and is often represented on Greek coins of Catana (Catania), where this noble action is alleged to have been performed. Of these two Sicilian brothers, types of that devoted love, which is ever cherished by good children towards the earthly anthors of their being, Cornelius Severus, alluding to Mount Edna, thus expresses himself: "Amphinomus and his brother, both equally courageous in the performance of a duty, whilst the flames murmured their threats against the neighbouring houses, rescue their decrepid father, and their aged mother."ecoli
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050 Leopoldus I., (Leopoldus I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1657-1705 A.D.), H 1441, U-1068a, AR-XV Kreuzer, Pozsony, Madonna and the child in the Mandorla, 1676, #01050 Leopoldus I., (Leopoldus I. of Habsburg), King of Hungary, (1657-1705 A.D.), H 1441, U-1068a, AR-XV Kreuzer, Pozsony, Madonna and the child in the Mandorla, 1676, #01
avers: LEOPOLDVS•D(ei)•G(ratia)•R(omanorvm)•I(mperator)• [XV, as value sign] •S(emper)•A(vgvstvs)•G(ermaniae)•H(ungariae)•B(ohemiae)•REX, Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right, above "lying S-shaped" decoration, below in value sign: XV.
reverse: • 16-76 ♦PATRONA♦ [coat of arms] HVNGARIAE• (AE is ligated), Sitting the crowned Madonna with the child in her left arm, in the Mandorla and flame wreath. Below it is the crowned Hungarian coat of arms, the Bratislava coat of arms on the left side, and the right side is the coat of arms CG.
diameter: 30,5-31,0mm, weight: 5,86g, axis: 0h,
mint: Hungary, Pozsony, (today Slovakia: Bratislava/Pressburg),
mintmark: Crowned Hungarian coat of arms, the Bratislava coat of arms on the left side, and the right side is the coat of arms CG (mintmaster: Georg Cetto).
date: 1676 A.D.,
ref: Huszár 1441, Unger 1068a, Höllhuber PRE 76.1.var.
Q-001quadrans
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1) Julius CaesarIMPERATORIAL ROME
Julius Caesar
AR Denarius (16mm, 2.97 g, 11h)
42 BC. Posthumous issue. Rome mint. L. Mussidius Longus, moneyer.
Laureate head right / Rudder, cornucopia on globe, winged caduceus, and flamen’s cap.
Crawford 494/39b; CRI 116; Sydenham 1096c; RSC 29. Fine, porous, bankers’ marks on obverse.
Property of Princeton Economics acquired by Martin Armstrong. Ex Stack’s (3 December 1996), lot 769.
Ex CNG
RM0008Sosius
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103. HadrianHadrian
With execution of four power men in the beginning of his reign, his relations with the senate were irrevocably damaged, never really to improve until his death, when the senate hoped to have posthumous revenge. Much was said against him after his death, and by many persons. The senate wished to annul his acts, and would have refrained from naming him "the Deified" had not Antoninus requested it. Antoninus, moreover, finally built a temple for him at Puteoli to take the place of a tomb, and he also established a quinquennial contest and flamens and sodales and many other institutions which appertain to the honour of one regarded as a god. It is for this reason, as has been said before, that many think that Antoninus received the surname Pius.
AR Denarius. IMP CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANVS AVG, laureate bust right / P M TR P COS III, Victory flying right with trophy. RSC 1132, RIC 101ecoli
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104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-1276 (Estiot), RIC V-I 261, Rome, AE-Antoninianus, CONSECRATIO, -/-//--, Altar, 104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-1276 (Estiot), RIC V-I 261, Rome, AE-Antoninianus, CONSECRATIO, -/-//--, Altar,
avers: DIVO-CLAVDIO, Bust right, radiate. (A1).
revers: CONSECRATIO, Altar, with flame above, . (Altar ).
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 15-17mm, weight: 1,68g, axes: 7h,
mint: Rome, off-, iss-1, date: 270-271A.D., ref: T-1276, RIC V-I 261,
Q-001quadrans
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104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-1298 (Estiot), RIC V-I 257var., Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, CONSAECRATIO, -/-//T, Altar,104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-1298 (Estiot), RIC V-I 257var., Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, CONSAECRATIO, -/-//T, Altar,
avers:- DIVO-CLAVDIO, Bust right, radiate, cuirassed, seen from rear. (B2).
revers:- CONSAECRATIO, Altar, with flame above, divided in four squares with a dot inside of each square. (Altar 1a).
exerg: -/-//T, diameter: 19-21mm, weight: 2,10g, axes: 6h,
mint: Siscia, off-3, iss-1, date: 270-271 A.D., ref: T-1298, RIC V-I 257var,
Q-001quadrans
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104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-1299 (Estiot), RIC V-I 261corr., Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, CONSECRATIO, -/-//T, Altar, 104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-1299 (Estiot), RIC V-I 261corr., Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, CONSECRATIO, -/-//T, Altar,
avers:- DIVO-CLAVDIO, Bust right, radiate. (A1).
revers:- CONSECRATIO, Altar, with flame above, divided in four squares with a dot inside of each square. (Altar 1a).
exerg: -/-//T, diameter: 21-22mm, weight: 3,42g, axes: 6h,
mint: Siscia, off-3, iss-1, date: 270-271 A.D., ref: T-1299, RIC V-I 261corr.,
Q-001quadrans
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104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-???? (Estiot), RIC V-I ???, Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, CONSECRATIO, -/-//--, Altar, 104 Claudius II. (268-270 A.D.), T-???? (Estiot), RIC V-I ???, Siscia, AE-Antoninianus, CONSECRATIO, -/-//--, Altar,
avers:- DIVO-CLAVDIO, Bust right, radiate. (A1).
revers:- CONSECRATIO, Altar, with flame above, . (Altar ).
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 19-21mm, weight: 2,82g, axes: 0h,
mint: ???, off-, iss-, date: A.D., ref: T-, RIC V-I ,
Q-001quadrans
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1871 Japanese Silver 50 SenJapan, Meiji (1867-1912), Silver 50 Sen, Meiji 4 (1871), SCWC KM Y4a.1, JNDA 01-13A, JC 09-13-2, small type, small dragon/three spines variety, Mint State, shimmering, with reddish tone, minor deposits on the surfaces, engraved by Kanō Natsuo, edge milled, weight 12.5g (ASW 0.3215oz), composition 0.8 Ag, 0.2 Cu, diameter 31.0mm, thickness 2.1mm, die axis 0°, Osaka mint, 1871; obverse • 錢十五 • 年四治明 • 本日大 (Great Japan, Year 4 of Meiji, 50 Sen) outwardly clockwise from lower left, three-clawed Imperial serpentine dragon coiled leftward, nine-spiked tail pointing to right, clutching Pearl of Celestial Wisdom (tamashi) inscribed with counterclockwise incuse spiral in right talon, within 19.0mm-beaded circle, three spines overlapped by right flame, toothed border surrounding; reverse sunburst crest in beaded circle, within open paulownia and chrysanthemum wreath tied with ornate bow at base, chrysanthemum between two paulownia flowers above, toothed border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex Baldwin's (2021); £395.00.Serendipity
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1an GermanicusAdopted by Tiberius in 4 AD, died mysteriously in 19
As, struck by Caligula
Bare head, left, GERMANICVS CAESAR TI AVGVST F DIVI AVG N
C CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS PON M TR POT SC
RIC 57
Germanicus Julius Caesar (c16 BC-AD 19) was was born in Lugdunum, Gaul (modern Lyon). At birth he was named either Nero Claudius Drusus after his father or Tiberius Claudius Nero after his uncle. He received the agnomen Germanicus, in 9 BC, when it was posthumously awarded to his father in honour of his victories in Germania. Germanicus was the grandson-in-law and great-nephew of the Emperor Augustus, nephew and adoptive son of the Emperor Tiberius, father of the Emperor Caligula, brother of the Emperor Claudius, and the maternal grandfather of the Emperor Nero. He married his maternal second cousin Agrippina the Elder, a granddaughter of Augustus, between 5 and 1 BC. The couple had nine children. Two died very young; another, Gaius Julius Caesar, died in early childhood. The remaining six were: Nero Caesar, Drusus Caesar, the Emperor Caligula, the Empress Agrippina the Younger, Julia Drusilla, and Julia Livilla.
According to Suetonius: Germanicus, who was the son of Drusus the Elder and Antonia the Younger, was adopted (in 4AD) by Germanicus’s paternal uncle, Tiberius. He served as quaestor (in7AD) five years before the legal age and became consul (in12AD) without holding the intermediate offices. On the death of Augustus (in AD14) he was appointed to command the army in Germany, where, his filial piety and determination vying for prominence, he held the legions to their oath, though they stubbornly opposed Tiberius’s succession, and wished him to take power for himself.
He followed this with victory in Germany, for which he celebrated a triumph (in 17 AD), and was chosen as consul for a second time (18 AD) though unable to take office as he was despatched to the East to restore order there. He defeated the forces of the King of Armenia, and reduced Cappadocia to provincial status, but then died at Antioch, at the age of only thirty-three (in AD 19), after a lingering illness, though there was also suspicion that he had been poisoned. For as well as the livid stains which covered his body, and the foam on his lips, the heart was found entire among the ashes after his cremation, its total resistance to flame being a characteristic of that organ, they say, when it is filled with poison.
All considered Germanicus exceptional in body and mind, to a quite outstanding degree. Remarkably brave and handsome; a master of Greek and Latin oratory and learning; singularly benevolent; he was possessed of a powerful desire and vast capacity for winning respect and inspiring affection.
His scrawny legs were less in keeping with the rest of his figure, but he gradually fleshed them out by assiduous exercise on horseback after meals. He often killed enemy warriors in hand-to-hand combat; still pleaded cases in the courts even after receiving his triumph; and left various Greek comedies behind amongst other fruits of his studies.
At home and abroad his manners were unassuming, such that he always entered free or allied towns without his lictors.
Whenever he passed the tombs of famous men, he always offered a sacrifice to their shades. And he was the first to initiate a personal search for the scattered remains of Varus’s fallen legionaries, and have them gathered together, so as to inter them in a single burial mound.
As for Germanicus, Tiberius appreciated him so little, that he dismissed his famous deeds as trivial, and his brilliant victories as ruinous to the Empire. He complained to the Senate when Germanicus left for Alexandria (AD19) without consulting him, on the occasion there of a terrible and swift-spreading famine. It was even believed that Tiberius arranged for his poisoning at the hands of Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, the Governor of Syria, and that Piso would have revealed the written instructions at his trial, had Tiberius not retrieved them during a private interview, before having Piso put to death. As a result, the words: ‘Give us back Germanicus!’ were posted on the walls, and shouted at night, all throughout Rome. The suspicion surrounding Germanicus’ death (19 AD) was deepened by Tiberius’s cruel treatment of Germanicus’s wife, Agrippina the Elder, and their children.Blindado
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1ek Magnentius350-353
Centenionalis
Bare-headed, draped & cuirassed bust, right, D N MAGNEN-TIVS P F AVG
Two victories, VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAES
RIC 173
Zosimus recorded: Magnentius thus gained the empire, and possessed himself all the nations beyond the Alps, and the whole of Italy. Vetranio, general of the Pannonian army, upon hearing of the good fortune of Magnentius, was himself inflamed with the same desire, and was declared emperor by the legions that were with him, at Mursa, a city of Pannonia. While affairs were thus situated, the Persians plundered the eastern countries, particularly Mesopotamia. But Constantine, though he was defeated by the Persians, yet resolved to subdue the factions of Magnentius and Vetranio. . . . Constantius advanced from the east against Magnentius, but deemed it best first to win over Vetranio to his interest, as it was difficult to oppose two rebels at once. On the other hand, Magnentius used great endeavours to make Vetranio his friend, and thus to put an end to the war against Constantius. Both therefore sent agents to Vetranio, who chose to adopt the friendship of Constantius rather than that of Magnentius. The ambassadors of Magnentius returned without effecting their purpose. Constantius desired that both armies might join, to undertake the war against Magnentius. To which proposal Vetranio readily assented. . . . When the soldiers heard this, having been previously corrupted by valuable presents, they cried out, that they would have no mock emperors, and immediately began to strip the purple from Vetranio, and pulled him from the throne with the determination to reduce him to a private station. . . . Constantius, having so well succeeded in his design against Vetranio, marched against Magnentius, having first conferred the title of Caesar on Gallus, the son of his uncle, and brother to Julian who was afterwards emperor, and given him in marriage his sister Constantia. . . .
Constantius now gaining the victory, by the army of Magnentius taking to flight, a terrible slaughter ensued. Magnentius, therefore being deprived ofall hope, and apprehensive lest the remnant of his army should deliver him to Constantius, deemed it best to retire from Pannonia, and to enter Italy, in order to raise an army there for another attempt. But when he heard that the people of Rome were in favour of Constantius, either from hatred to himself, or because they had heard of the event of the battle, he resolved to cross the Alps, and .seek for himself a refuge among the nations on that side. Hearing however that Constantius had likewise engaged the Barbarians near the Rhine against him, and that |65 he could not enter Gaul, as some officers had obstructed his passage thither in order to make their court to Constantius, nor through Spain into Mauritania, on account of the Roman allies there who studied to please Constantius. In these circumstances he preferred a voluntary death to a dishonourable life, and chose rather to die by his own hand than by that of his enemy.
Thus died Magnentius, having been emperor three years and six months. He was of Barbarian extraction, but lived among the Leti, a people of Gaul. He understood Latin, was bold when favoured by fortune, but cowardly in adversity, ingenious in concealing his natural evil disposition, and deemed by those who did not know him to be a man of candour and goodness. I have thought it just to make these observations concerning Magnentius, that the world may be acquainted With his true character, since it has been the opinion of some that he performed much good, who never in his life did any thing with a good intention.Blindado
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1es Gratian367-383
AE3
Pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, D N GRATIANVS P F AVG
Gratian standing right, holding labarum with Chi-rho on banner, and holding captive by hair, GLORIA ROMANORVM; Q to left, K over P to right, DSISCR in ex.
RIC 14c
Zosimus reports: [T] he emperor Valentinian, having favourably disposed the affairs of Germany, made provisions for the future security of the Celtic nations. . . . Valentinian was now attacked by a disease which nearly cost him his life. Upon his recovery the countries requested him to appoint a successor, lest at his decease the commonwealth should be in danger. To this the emperor consented, and declared his son Gratian emperor and his associate in the government, although he was then very young, and not yet capable of the management of affairs. . . .
When the affairs of the empire were reduced to this low condition, Victor, who commanded the Roman cavalry, escaping the danger with some of his troops, entered Macedon and Thessaly. From thence he proceeded into Moesia and Pannonia, and informed Gratian, who was then in that quarter, of what had occurred, and of the loss of the emperor [Valens] and his army. Gratian received the intelligence without uneasiness, and was little grieved at the death of his uncle, a disagreement having existed between them. Finding himself unable to manage affairs, Thrace being ravaged by the Barbarians, as were likewise Pannonia and Moesia, and the towns upon the Rhine being infested by the neighbouring Barbarians without controul, he chose for his associate in the empire, Theodosius, who was a native of a town called Cauca, in the part of Spain called Hispania Callaecia, and who possessed great knowledge and experience of military affairs. Having given him the government of Thrace and the eastern provinces, Gratian himself proceeded to the west of Gaul, in order, if possible, to compose affairs in that quarter. . . .
While the affairs of Thrace were, thus situated, those of Gratian were in great perplexity. Having accepted the counsel of those courtiers who usually corrupt the manners of princes, he gave a reception to some fugitives called Alani, whom he not only introduced into his army, but honoured with valuable presents, and confided to them his most important secrets, esteeming his own soldiers of little value. This produced among his soldiers a violent hatred against him, which being gradually inflamed and augmented incited in them a disposition for innovation, and most particulary in that part of them which was in Britain, since they were the most resolute and vindictive. In this spirit they were encouraged by Maximus, a Spaniard, who had been the fellow-soldier of Theodosius in Britain. He was offended that Theodosius should be thought worthy of being made emperor, while he himself had no honourable employment. He therefore cherished the animosity of the soldiers towards the emperor. They were thus easily induced to revolt and to declare Maximus emperor. Having presented to him the purple robe and the diadem, they sailed to the mouth of the Rhine. As the German army, and all who were in that quarter approved of the election, Gratian prepared to contend against Maximus, with a considerable part of the army which still adhered to him. When the armies met, there were only slight skirmishes for five days; until Gratian, |115 perceiving that the Mauritanian cavalry first deserted from him and declared Maximus Augustus, and afterwards that the remainder of his troops by degrees espoused the cause of his antagonist, relinquished all hope, and fled with three hundred horse to the Alps. Finding those regions without defence, he proceeded towards Rhaetia, Noricum, Pannonia, and the Upper Moesia. When Maximus was informed of his route, he was not negligent of the opportunity, but detached Andragathius, commander of the cavalry, who was his faithful adherent, in pursuit of Gratian. This officer followed him with so great speed, that he overtook him when he was passing the bridge at Sigidunus, and put him to death. Blindado
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1ew Magnus Maximus383-388
AE2
Diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right, D N MAG MAXIMVS P F AVG
Emperor standing left, raising kneeling female; mintmarks PCON, SCON and TCON known, REPARATIO REIPVB
RIC 26a
Zosimus reports: While the affairs of Thrace were, thus situated, those of Gratian were in great perplexity. Having accepted the counsel of those courtiers who usually corrupt the manners of princes, he gave a reception to some fugitives called Alani, whom he not only introduced into his army, but honoured with valuable presents, and confided to them his most important secrets, esteeming his own soldiers of little value. This produced among his soldiers a violent hatred against him, which being gradually inflamed and augmented incited in them a disposition for innovation, and most particulary in that part of them which was in Britain, since they were the most resolute and vindictive. In this spirit they were encouraged by Maximus, a Spaniard, who had been the fellow-soldier of Theodosius in Britain. He was offended that Theodosius should be thought worthy of being made emperor, while he himself had no honourable employment. He therefore cherished the animosity of the soldiers towards the emperor. They were thus easily induced to revolt and to declare Maximus emperor. Having presented to him the purple robe and the diadem, they sailed to the mouth of the Rhine. As the German army, and all who were in that quarter approved of the election, Gratian prepared to contend against Maximus, with a considerable part of the army which still adhered to him. When the armies met, there were only slight skirmishes for five days; until Gratian, |115 perceiving that the Mauritanian cavalry first deserted from him and declared Maximus Augustus, and afterwards that the remainder of his troops by degrees espoused the cause of his antagonist, relinquished all hope, and fled with three hundred horse to the Alps. Finding those regions without defence, he proceeded towards Rhaetia, Noricum, Pannonia, and the Upper Moesia. When Maximus was informed of his route, he was not negligent of the opportunity, but detached Andragathius, commander of the cavalry, who was his faithful adherent, in pursuit of Gratian. This officer followed him with so great speed, that he overtook him when he was passing the bridge at Sigidunus, and put him to death. . . .
The reign of Gratian being thus terminated, Maximus, who now considered himself firmly fixed in the empire, sent an embassy to the emperor Theodosius, not to intreat pardon for his treatment of Gratian, but rather to increase his provocations. The person employed in this mission was the imperial chamberlain (for Maximus would not suffer an eunuch to preside in his court), a prudent person, with whom he had been familiarly acquainted from his infancy. The purport of his mission was to propose to Theodosius a treaty of amity, and of alliance, against all enemies who should make war on the Romans, and on refusal, to declare against him open hostility. Upon this, Theodosius admitted Maximus to a share in the empire, and in the honour of his statues and his imperial title. . . .
Affairs being thus situated in the east, in Thrace, and in Illyricum, Maximus, who deemed his appointments inferior to his merits, being only governor of the countries formerly under Gratian, projected how to depose the young Valentinian from the empire, if possible totally, but should he fail in the whole, to secure at least some part. . . . he immediately entered Italy without; resistance, and marched to Aquileia. . . .
Theodosius, having passed through Pannonia and the defiles of the Appennines, attacked unawares the forces of Maximus before they were prepared for him. A part of his army, having pursued them with the utmost speed, forced their way through the gates of Aquileia, the guards being too few to resist them. Maximus was torn from his imperial throne while in the act of distributing money to his soldiers, and being stripped of his imperial robes, was brought to Theodosius, who, having in reproach enumerated some of his crimes against the commonwealth, delivered him to the common executioner to receive due punishment. Such was the end of Maximus and of his usurpation. Having fraudulently overcome Valentinian, he imagined that he should with ease subdue the whole Roman empire. Theodosius, having heard, that when Maximus came from beyond the Alps he left his son Victor, whom he had dignified with the title of Caesar, he immediately sent for his general, named Arbogastes, who deprived the youth both of his dignity and life. Blindado
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Abbasid Provincial Coinage of Tabaristan: Sulayman (787-789) AR ½ Dirham, Tabaristan, PYE137 (Album-65)Obv: Bust right, breast ornament: type 'A' with 3 pellets.'Bakh' (good) in diamond superimposed over bust with winged headdress.
Rev: Fire altar with 2 attendants; stars to right and left of flames.Quant.Geek
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Abbasids, Tabaristan, Anonymous First Series 781ADObverse: Sasanian style bust right wearing mural crown, three pellets on breast, 'GDH PZWT' on left, 'NYWK' in outer left margin and 'PD' in outer right, star within crescent left, right and below in margin.
Reverse: Fire altar set on three steps and flanked by two attendants standing facing wearing mural crowns and holding scepters with ribbons, star either side of the flames, date on left and mint on right, alternating triple pellets and star within crescents in outer margin.
Silver Hemidrachm Dated PYE130Skyler
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Abbasids, Tabaristan, Anonymous First Series, 781 ADObverse: Sasanian style bust right wearing mural crown, three pellets on breast, 'GDH PZWT' on left, 'NYWK' in outer left margin and 'PD' in outer right, star within crescent left, right and below in margin.
Reverse: Fire altar set on three steps and flanked by two attendants standing facing wearing mural crowns and holding scepters with ribbons, star either side of the flames, date on left and mint on right, alternating triple pellets and star within crescents in outer margin.
Silver Hemidrachm Dated PYE130Skyler
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Achaea. Corinthia, Corinth. Marcus Aurelius Æ 26mm. Bellerophon. Obv: Laureate head right.
Rev: CLI COR Bellerophon riding Pegasos flying right, attacking a chimaera, facing right.
BCD 706; SNG Copenhagen -.
Bellerophon in Greek mythology was "the greatest hero and slayer of monsters, alongside Cadmus and Perseus, before the days of Heracles", whose greatest feat was killing the Chimera, a monster that Homer depicted with a lion's head, a goat's body, and a serpent's tail: "her breath came out in terrible blasts of burning flame.
The replacement of Bellerophon by the more familiar culture hero Perseus was a development of Classical times that was standardized during the Middle Ages and has been adopted by the European poets of the Renaissance and later.
ancientone
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Anushirwan (Khusru I) (531-579AD)Sasanian Empire
AR Drachm
O: Crowned bust right.
R: Fire altar flanked by attendants; star and crescent flanking flames.
4.04g
30mm
BYSh mint(Bishapur in Iran), dated year 42 (572 A.D.)
Gobl SN II/2Mat
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Athens TetradrachmTetradrachm (AR), 17.05g, 28mm, 6h. Ca. 449-404. Flament pl. IV, 2 (this coin). ex Glendinning, 18-20 April 1955 no383. Waxy deposit in Athena's ear and below the earring was cleaned, see the new photo in my gallery (I initialy believed it was horn silver)paparoupa
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Athens TetradrachmTetradrachm (AR), 17.05g, 28mm, 6h. Ca. 449-404. Berry 66. Flament pl. 26, 8.
After Minos' suggestion I investigated the deposit in Athena's ear and below the earring. Under 12.5X it seemed to be some kind of waxy deposit rather than horn silver as I thought. Removed with a coctail toothpick under magnification with really smooth moves. I believe this was remains of wax somebody used to protect (?) the coin. I am astonished that previous owner + auction houses didn't try to clean it as it clearly made the coin look a bit odd. All in all, I am even happier with my Athena now.paparoupa
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Athens, AR Tetradrachm, ca 393 - 370 BCObv:– Head of Athena right with eye seen in true profile, wearing crested helmet ornamented with three olive leaves and floral scroll
Rev:– owl standing right, head facing, to right ATE in large lettering, to left olive sprig and crescent
Minted in Athens c. B.C. 393 - 370.
Reference:– Flamen p. 126, 1 (Pi I); Svoronos Athens plate 19, 17; SNG Cop -
Ex-Forum Ancient Coins
16.699g, 24.31mm, 270o
The following information was provide by Forum with the coin:-
"Transitional style tetradrachms include all of the wide spectrum of variants with the eye in profile issued after the classic "old style" almond eye tetradrachms but before the broad thinner flan "new style" tetradrachms. Recent research has classified variations of the transitional style - Pi Type, Quadridigité Style, Heterogeneous Style and sub-groups of the styles, and proposed chronologies for the different styles and groups.
This coin is the earliest transitional type, the first Pi style type, essentially identical to the "old style" with the exception of the eye in profile. The "Pi" designation is based on the P shape of the floral spiral and palmette ornamentation on the helmet bowl. The coin can be classified as Pi style, group 1. The floral ornament on examples this early do not yet resemble Pi."maridvnvm
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Athens, AR Tetradrachm, ca 393 - 370 BCObv:– Head of Athena right with eye seen in true profile, wearing crested helmet ornamented with three olive leaves and floral scroll
Rev:– owl standing right, head facing, to right ATE in large lettering, to left olive sprig and crescent
Minted in Athens c. B.C. 393 - 370.
Reference:– Flamen p. 126, 1 (Pi I); Svoronos Athens plate 19, 17; SNG Cop -
Ex-Forum Ancient Coins
16.699g, 24.31mm, 270o
The following information was provide by Forum with the coin:-
"Transitional style tetradrachms include all of the wide spectrum of variants with the eye in profile issued after the classic "old style" almond eye tetradrachms but before the broad thinner flan "new style" tetradrachms. Recent research has classified variations of the transitional style - Pi Type, Quadridigité Style, Heterogeneous Style and sub-groups of the styles, and proposed chronologies for the different styles and groups.
This coin is the earliest transitional type, the first Pi style type, essentially identical to the "old style" with the exception of the eye in profile. The "Pi" designation is based on the P shape of the floral spiral and palmette ornamentation on the helmet bowl. The coin can be classified as Pi style, group 1. The floral ornament on examples this early do not yet resemble Pi." maridvnvm
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Athens, Greece, Pi-Style III Tetradrachm, 353 - c. 340 B.CSilver tetradrachm, 17.1g, Athens mint, oval flan, typical of the type.
O: Head of Athena right with eye seen in true profile, wearing crested helmet ornamented with three olive leaves and pi-style floral scroll, pellet in ear.
R: Owl standing right, head facing, to right AΘE in large lettering, to left olive sprig and crescent, pellet over eyes.
- Kroll Pi-Style p. 244, fig. 8; Flament p. 126, 3; SNG Cop 63; SNG Munchen 96; SNG Delepierre 1479; Svoronos Athens pl. 20: 2
Unlike the customary flans of 5th and earlier 4th century Athenian tetradrachms that have solid, rounded edges from having been cast in a mold, these were struck on thick planchets made of flattened, folded-over, older tetradrachms. The flattened coins were not just folded in two but were folded over a second time to produce a planchet of three or four layers
There are three distinct features of this type of Athens Owl coinage. 1st, they have flans that are commonly misshapen. A number of them are so distorted that numismatists and collectors in Greece have long referred to them as “logs” (koutsoura); these are the tetradrachms in the form of long, stretched ovals with one or two nearly straight sides. 2nd, since the flans, of whatever shape, were ordinarily too small for the full relief designs of the dies, relatively few pi-style coins were minted with their entire obverse and/or reverse type showing. 3rd, just as the diameters and surface areas of the pi flans are generally smaller than those of Athenian tetradrachms of the 5th century and of the first half of the 4th century, they tend also to be exceptionally thick.
The name Pi-style refers to the floral helmet ornament on the obverse which resembles the Greek letter pi (P) bisected by a long central tendril. Nemonater
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Attica. Archaic Style Tetradrachm of Athens.Greece. Attica. After 449 (449-413) BC. AR Tetradrachm (16.99 gm, 20.3mm, 9h) of Athens. Head of Athena right wearing crested Attic helmet decorated with olive leaves, two banker's marks on cheek. / Owl standing right, head facing; crescent moon and olive sprig behind. Graffiti. VF. Bt. Gables Coin, 1997. Flament Athènes Group III; HGC 4 #1597; Kroll 8; Starr pl. 22 #6'-7' = SNG Fitzwilliam 4 #3069-3070; ACNAC Dewing 1616 (similar dies). cf. CNG 87 #460 (same obv. die).Anaximander
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Attica. Athena / Owl Tetradrachm of Athens.Greece. Attica. After 449 (449-413) BC. AR Tetradrachm (17.17 gm, 20.2mm, 9h) of Athens. Head of Athena right, wearing earring and crested Attic helmet decorated with 3 olive leaves over visor & spiral palmette on bowl. / Owl standing right, head facing; tail feathers in a single prong, crescent moon & olive sprig behind. nEF. CNG Auction 46 #281. ACNAC Dewing 1591-1598; HGC 4 #1597; Kroll 8; SNG Berry I #463ff; SNG Munich 49; Starr pl. XXII #6'-7'; Flament Athènes Group II; Gulbenkian 519-521. cf. SNG Cop 3 (Attica-Aegina) #32 (similar dies); ANS 1906.236.61 (same); CNG 64 #208 (similar obv. die).Anaximander
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Attica: AR Tetradrachm, Eye Profile Issue.Athens 393-355 B.C. 16.52g - 22.3mm, Axis 9h.
Obv: Helmeted head of Athena, eye in profile.
Rev: A-Θ-E - Owl standing right, head facing, olive twig and crescent behind, A-Θ-E before.
Ref: S.2537; Flament.pi.iv. Hoover, 1598.
Provenance: Ex Ian Roper. Chris Scarlioli Collection.Christian Scarlioli
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Bactria, Kingdom of Kushans, Kanishka I, Göbl 766 cf.Kanishka I, AD 127-151
AE 22
obv. BACILEVC BACI - LEWN KANHiKOV (i should be read like sh as in Kushan)
Kanishka, bearded, wearing heavy Kushan cloak and trousers, long boots and
high hat, stg. facing, holding standard in l. hand and sacrificing with r. hand
over altar; from his shoulders emanating flames; club at feet r.(?)
rev. HLIOC
Helios, nimbate, stg. l., r. had hand raised in salvation gestus (Greek style)
left before monogram (tamgha) of Kanishka
cf. Göbl 766 (has HILOC in legend)
rare, good F/VF
Kanishka I was a very important ruler in South-East-Asia. While in his early years he was an adherent of syncretistic religions he later established Buddhism in his empire and became a crucial founder.
This type belongs to Kanishka's earlier years, because the legends are Greek. Later issues have legends in Kushan. Tamgha first was a brand for cattle, later it became a symbol for the nomadic clans too. Jochen
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Barbaric imitation of Claudius II " Consecratio " Altar type. C. 270-280 AD. AE13mmBarbaric imitation of Claudius II " Consecratio " Altar type. C. 270-280 AD.
Obv. Radiate bust right.
Rev. Altar with flame at top.Lee S
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Bramsen 0952. Mariage a Paris avec Marie-Louise, 1810.Obv. The busts of the Emperor Napoleon laureated, and the Empress Marie Louisa crowned with a diadem. ANDRIEU. F. DENON D
Rev.Napoleon and Marie Louisa, full lengths, he habited in the Roman costume, with the imperial paludamentum clasped over his right shoulder; their right hands are joined, and with his left he embraces her shoulder, in the attitude of conducting her to the altar, on which burns the vestal flame: on the plinth of the altar, which is circular, is represented the bow and quiver of arrows of Cupid, crossed, with the torch of Hymen erect.
On the base, JOUANNIN F.
Legend, NAPOLEON EMP. ET ROI. M. LOUISE D'AUTRICHE.
Exergue, I AVRIL MDCCCX. DENON D
Struck to commemorate the wedding of Napoleon and Marie Louise of Austria in 1810
LordBest
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Claudius II - AE antoninianusMediolanum*
c. end 270 - early 271 AD
Issue 1
radiate head right
DIVO CLAVDIO
altar with flames above, front divided into four sections with dot in each section
CONSECRATIO
T (3rd officina)
RIC V-1, 261, Göbl 23m3
http://www.ric.mom.fr/en/coin/1273
2,73g 18mm
only 5 other examples in www.ric.mom.fr !!!!!
*Märkl states in his work "The Imperial Mints during the Reign of Claudius II. Gothicus and their Issues" that RIC attribute these coins wrongly to Milan (or Gallic mint) but they are in fact from Tarraco. No two mints in empire were allowed to strike same issue. Tarraco mint should have made "DIVO CLAVDIO GOTHICO" but this coin has only short (Siscian) legend: "DIVO CLAVDIO". Two known exemplars with short legend are mentioned by Märkl.J. B.
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Claudius II - AE antoninianusRome
c. end 270 - early 271 AD
Issue 1
radiate head right
DIVO CLAVDIO
Altar, with flame above, divided in four squares with a dot inside of each square
CONSECRATIO
Normanby 1110; RIC1st 261
http://www.ric.mom.fr/en/coin/1275
1,60g 15mmJ. B.
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Claudius II - AE antoninianusRome
c. end 270 - early 271 AD
Issue 1
radiate head right
DIVO CLAVDIO
Altar, with flame above, divided in four squares with a dot inside of each square
CONSECRATIO
Normanby 1110; RIC1st 261
http://www.ric.mom.fr/en/coin/1275
1,37g 13mmJ. B.
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Claudius II - AE antoninianusMediolanum
c. end 270 - early 271 AD
Issue 1
radiate head right
DIVO CLAVDIO GOTHICO
altar with flames above, front divided into four sections with dot in each section
CONSECRATIO
T
Normanby 1141; RIC1st 264
http://www.ric.mom.fr/en/coin/1272
2,1g 17mm
ex NaumannJ. B.
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Claudius II Gothicus (Marcus Aurelius Claudius) (268-270 A.D.)RIC V-1 261, Sear 11462, Van Meter 44/1
BI Antoninianus, 2.50 g., 16.58 mm. max., 0°
Milan mint, struck posthumously in 270 A.D. under Quintillus and/or Aurelian
Obv: DIVO CLAVDIO, radiate head right.
Rev: CO[NSECR]ATIO, altar with flames above, front divided into four sections with dot in each section
RIC rarity C, Van Meter VB2.Stkp
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Claudius II Gothicus antoninianus(268-270 CE)
Obverse: DIVO CLAVDIO, radiate head right
Reverse: CONSECRATIO, altar enclosure with flames rising from top, horns visible on either side
Rome mintPericles J2
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Claudius II Gothicus Double StruckClaudius II Gothicus, 268 - 270 AD, RIC Va 261, SEAR 3227
OBV: DIVO CLAVDIO, Draped Radiate bust right - double struck
REV: CONSECRATIO, Garlanded Altar, flame in center,
SRukke
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Claudius II Morgat-en-Crozon hoard 778AE 20-21 mm 3.5 grams
OBV :: DIVO CLAVDIO. Radiate head right
REV :: CONSECRATIO. High altar with Garland in front, flames at top
EX :: none
Morgat-en-Crozon hoard 778
from uncleaned lot 08/2008Johnny
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Claudius II Posthumous antoninianusObverse: DIVO CLAVDIO, radiate head right
Reverse: CONSECRATIO, garlanded altar with flames above, no decoration on front.
Minster hoard 478. Pericles J2
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Claudius II Posthumous antoninianus. DIVO CLAVDIO, radiate head right / CONSECRATIO, garlanded altar with flames above, no decoration on front. Minster 478. Antonivs Protti
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Claudius II, RIC V-1, 261Obv: DIVO CLAVDIO
radiate head right
Rev: CONSECRATIO
altar with flames above, front divided
into four sections with dot in each section
18mm 2.8gmOWL365
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Constantine I VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP from LondonConstantine I
A.D. 319
18mm 3.3g
IMP CONSTANTINVS MAX AVG; laureate helmeted and cuirassed bust right.
VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP; two Victories stg., facing one another, together holding shield/ wreath inscribed VOT PR on decorated altar.
In ex. PLN
RIC VII London 154; LMCC 9.01.001
The altar has flamesVictor C
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Cr 252/1 AR Denarius L. Postumius AlbinusL. Postumius Albinus 131 BCE
Rome mint
Helmeted head of Roma right; apex to left, mark of value below chin / Mars driving galloping quadriga right, holding trophy, shield, and spear. LPOSTA below, ROMA in ex.
19.5mm 3.91 gm
Postumia 1
One of the types without associated bronze. Interesting use of ligate lettering on rev. The apex on the obv. presumably reflects that an ancestor was Flamens Martialis; an ordinary moneyer is probably a bit young for that priesthood. One would have to have considerable self-confidence to wear such a hat, which can be seen on this iteration to be quite tall and spiky, not always seen quite that way.PMah
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Cr 268/1b AR Denarius Numerius Fabius Pictor 126 BCE
o: Helmeted head of Roma right; behind, X; below chin, letter
r: Q. Fabius Pictor, as Flamen Quirinalis,seated left, shield at side inscribed QVI/RIN, holding apex and spear;
on right, N. FABI; on left, PICTOR; in exergue, ROMA; behind head [letter]
Cr. 268/1b. Fabia 11. (g. 3.87 mm. 17.00)
Scarcer type. Iridescent cabinet toningPMah
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Crawford 472/2, ROMAN IMPERATORIAL, L. Papius Celsus, AR DenariusRome, Moneyer Issues of the Imperatorial Period.
L. Papius Celsus. 45 BCE
AR Denarius (3.61g; 21mm; 3h).
Rome mint, 45 BCE.
Obverse: TRIVMPVS; Laureate head of Triumphus, facing right, with trophy over shoulder.
Reverse: CELSVS•III VIR || L•PAPIVS; she-wolf places stick on fire; eagle, with wings extending outside dot border, fans flames.
References: Crawford 472/2; HCRI 83; Sydenham 965 (R4); BMCRR 4023; Papia 3; Bahrfeldt Nachtrage, Vol. 1 (1897), pl. IX, nr. 206 (this coin).
Provenance: Ex Nomisma 65 (17 Jun 2022) Lot 52; Tradart (8 Nov 1992) Lot 154; Sternberg XI (20-1 Nov 1981) Lot 527; Peter Hoefer Collection (Feb 1980) [Silbermunzen der Romischen Republik Privatsammlung PH]; E. J. Haeberlin Collection [Cahn-Hess (1933) Lot 2742], acquired before 1897, per Bahrfeldt.
The moneyer, who was a member of the Papia gens, likely had ancestral origins in Lanuvium, as another of his denarii (with same reverse) depicts Juno Sospita on the obverse. Ancient Lanuvium, a Latin town 32 kilometers southeast of Rome, was famous for its temple to Juno Sospita, who is often depicted on coins by members of the Papia gens [see my example here: https://www.forumancientcoins.com/gallery/displayimage.php?pid=149837]. The reverse depicts one of the foundation myths of Lanuvium: when Aeneas witnessed a she-wolf bringing wood to feed a fire and an eagle fanned the flames, while a fox tried to extinguish the blaze with a wet tail. The eagle is shown with its wings extending beyond the line border of the coin, suggesting a divine origin. Lanuvium and Lavinium are frequently confused, and this confusion appears to have applied to this foundation myth in literature, both ancient and modern.
The provenance of this coin is almost as interesting as its devices. It can be traced back to the famous E.J. Haeberlin Collection, jointly sold by Cahn and Hess in 1933. Also, it is described and shown on the plates of Bahrfeldt, Nachträge und Berichtigungen zur Münzkunde der römischen Republik, vol 1 (1897) where it is cited to the Haeberlin collection; thus we know Haeberlin acquired it before Bahrfeldt’s publication in 1897!
Carausius
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Divus Claudius GothicusObv: DIVO CLAVDIO GOTHICO
Radiate head right,
Rev: CONSECRATIO
Altar, with flame above, divided in four squares with a dot inside of each square.
Base Antoninianus, traces of silvering (3.09g).
RIC Milan 264; Normanby 1141; Cunetio 2317; [Online RIC temp. #1272].
Quite possibly the finest known! OldMoney
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Divus Claudius, Consecratio, Altar (Imitation)Hispanic of Gallic illegal mint, ~274-~285. 1.96 g.
Obverse: DIVO CLAVDIO Radiate bust of Claudius.
Reverse: CONSECRATIO Altar with flame.Manuel
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Domitian, as Caesar FoureeDomitian as Caesar under Titus, 79-81 A.D. Unofficial Mint. (2.77g, 19.2m, 5h). Obv: CAESAR DIVI F DOMITIANVS COS VI, laureate head right. Rev: PRINCEPTS [IVVE]NTVTIS, alter, garlanded and lighted.
This Fouree is in good condition and didn’t see extensive circulation. This example shows slight bubbling in the silvering and only a slight peek of the copper core beneath at the top of the alter’s flame. The portrait is also slightly off for this period of Domitian as Caesar under Titus.Lucas H
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Drachm of Valkash 484 - 488 C.E.Sassanian Drachm of Valkash 484 - 488 C.E.
Obverse: Bust of King Valkash to right, wearing mural crown with korymbos set on crescent, ribbon on left shoulder, flames on right
Reverse: Fire altar with ribbons and head of Valkash to right on shaft, flanked by two attendants, star and crescent flanking flames.
Mint LYH Rev-Ardashir Khuzistan.Paul R3
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Elagabalus (218-222) denarius (AR)Obv.: IMP ANTONINVS AVG (Laureate bust of emperor) Rev.: TEMPORVM FELICITAS (Felicitas std. holding caduceus and cornucopia) Diameter: 19,30 mm Weight: 2,12 g RIC 150
Elagabalus is a most fascinating figure. A scion of the Severan line, Elagabalus was the high priest of the cult of Ilāh hag-Gabal (Elagabalus, hence the emperor's nickname), patron deity of Emesa, who was worshipped in the form of a stone. This stone was brought to Rome with great festivities - even coinage was issued to celebrate the event- and was placed in its own temple called the Elagabalium. Elagabalus then proceeded to house the most important religious artifacts of the Romans in this temple, like the flame of Vesta and the Palladium, as if to subordinate them to his deity or in order to create a sort of syncretist religion. He also performed strange dancing rites around the stone in front of the Senate. Whatever the case, he was removed from power by his own grandmother in favour of Severus Alexander. Elagabalus' role as high priest is a recurrent theme on his coinage.Nick.vdw
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FILIPPO II OF SPAIN 1556-981/2 carlino, Type I,
obv. crowned bust right
PHILIPP REX ARA VTRI
rev. two crowns with two flames
SICILIAE HIERUSA
Naples, not dated
Ag 1.3 gr. (rare)
Sergius Silus
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GadhaiyaChavadas of Gujarat. Uncertain ruler. Circa AD 760-850. AR Drachm .
Obverse-Sasanian-style crowned bust right
Reverse- Fire altar with ribbons and attendants; star and crescent flanking flames.
Deyell 154; Göbl, Dokumente 292.Paul R3
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German Notgeld: Schauenstein, HesseCity: Schauenstein
State: Hessen
Denomination: 10 Pfennig
Obverse: NOTMÜNZE * 1918 * large numeral 10 in center.
Reverse: H. HEYE GLASFABRIK * SCHAUENSTEIN * unfinished pyramid with flames issuing from top.
Date: 1918
Grade: VF
Catalog #: Matt Inglima
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GREEK, Athens, Greece, Pi-Style III Tetradrachm, 353 - c. 340 B.C.SH86206. Silver tetradrachm, Kroll Pi-Style p. 244, fig. 8; Flament p. 126, 3; SNG Cop 63; SNG Munchen 96; SNG Delepierre 1479; Svoronos Athens pl. 20: 2, Choice VF, well centered on a tight flan typical of the type, toned, bumps and marks, weight 17.153 g, maximum diameter 21.5 mm, die axis 270o, Athens mint, 353 - c. 340 B.C.; obverse head of Athena right with eye seen in true profile, wearing crested helmet ornamented with three olive leaves and pi-style floral scroll, pellet in ear; reverse owl standing right, head facing, pellet over eyes, olive sprig and crescent left, AΘE downward on right, all within incuse squareJoe Sermarini
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GREEK, Attica, Athens, 393 - 370 BC, AR Tetradrachm Obv:– Head of Athena right with eye seen in true profile, wearing crested helmet ornamented with three olive leaves and floral scroll
Rev:– owl standing right, head facing, to right AΘE in large lettering, to left olive sprig and crescent
Minted in Athens from . c. B.C. 393 - 370.
Reference:– Flamen p. 126, 1 (Pi I); Svoronos Athens plate 19, 17; SNG Cop -
ex-Forum
Transitional style tetradrachms include all of the wide spectrum of variants with the eye in profile issued after the classic "old style" almond eye tetradrachms but before the broad thinner flan "new style" tetradrachms. Recent research has classified variations of the transitional style - Pi Type, Quadridigité Style, Heterogeneous Style and sub-groups of the styles, and proposed chronologies for the different styles and groups.
This coin is the earliest transitional type, the first Pi style type, essentially identical to the "old style" with the exception of the eye in profile. The "Pi" designation is based on the P shape of the floral spiral and palmette ornamentation on the helmet bowl. The coin can be classified as Pi style, group 1. The floral ornament on examples this early do not yet resemble Pi.
16.699g, 13.1mm, 270omaridvnvm
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Hadrian Denarius Roma 138 AD Eagle standingReference.
RIC II, 389B; C 271; Strack ; RIC III,
Bust A1+
Obv. DIVVS HADRIANVS AVG
Head of Divus Hadrian, bare, right
Rev. CONSECRATIO
Eagle standing front on globe, head turned left, wings spread
3.04 gr
18 mm
6h
Note.
From the estate of Thomas Bentley Cederlind.
Consecratio was the apotheosis of the dead Roman emperors, which however was only bestowed on those who were judged worthy of her by the Senate or by their successors.
However, it is well known, how generous people in Rome with this honor mishandled. Even empresses enjoyed after their death the privilege of consecratio. After their consecratio they got the nickname of Divi or Divae. Several ceremonies at the funeral went to the consecratio advance. In burning the corpse on the pyre rose include becoming an eagle from the flames to heaven. The emperors and empresses thus become the god had their own temples, priests and parties. They were so entirely assimilated to the gods.
The emperors themselves have mocked their deification. In the Historia Augusta is sick of Vespasian told that he says "I feel to be a God." In his famous poem "Animula vagula blandula" Hadrian doubt his deification.okidoki
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Hephthalite: Khingila (440-490) AR Drachm (Göbl-67)Obv: Straight-back bust, rising above the garden, flames emerging from both shoulders, single ribbon behind, rising; Brahmi legend above
Rev: Remnants of Fire altar and attendants designQuant.Geek
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Hormazd IV, Göbl 1, 584 AD, Yazd, IranCrowned bust right, crescent on forehead, ribbons over shoulders; star above crescent on shoulders, stars flanking crown. Fire altar with attendants and ribbon, star and crescent flanking flames.
Pahlavi Inscriptions:
Obverse right:
Whrmzd
Hormazd IV
Revserse:
Hwmš' (Left)
In the 5th year of reign
YZ (Right)
Yazd District
Jonathan N
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Hormizd IV. A.D. 579-590. AR drachmSasanian Kingdom. Hormizd IV. A.D. 579-590. AR drachm (31 mm, 3.56 g, 8 h).
WYHC (uncertain site)Fars or Central Iraq.. RY 12. Last year of reign 590AD
Obverse..Crowned bust of Hormizd IV right, crescent on forehead, stars flanking crown .
Reverse..Fire altar with attendants and ribbon, star and crescent flanking flames. Göbl Type I/1. Paul R3
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Imitation of Claudius II - AE antoninianusbarbaric imitation
official issue:
after 270 AD
radiate head right
DIVO CLAVDIO?
garlanded altar with flames above, plain front
CONSECRATIO
RIC V-1, 261 Rome
0,89g 14mmJ. B.
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INDIA, Kushan-Huviska-oHpOKushan Empire, Huvishka, Gold Dinar, 21 mm, 7.80g, OhPo (Oesho) or Shiva type (with 4-arms)
Obv: Bearded King's bust emerging from clouds holding a short mace/goad in right hand and a sceptre/sword in left hand, flames coming out from the right shoulder. The King is wearing beautiful clothes and ornaments but the overall look of the King, bearded and with heavy jowl, is nomadic, barbaric and fierce. If the desire was to convey an image of a fierce and uncompromising warrior, then the same has been communicated very well by the die engraver. The King rising from the clouds and with flames coming out from shoulders indicate the King's claim to divinity.
Rev: 4-arm Shiva, nimbate and wearing a 'dhoti' (Indian loin cloth), holding in various arms, Damru or the celestial drum (upper right), Kamandla or water-pot with water pouring forth (lower right), Trishul or trident (upper left) and a Mrig or antelope held by its horns (lower left). The kamandla with water pouring forth symbolizes the blessing of the God on the King's investiture featured on the Obv while the Mrig held by its horns symbolizes the control of (an ascetic) Shiva over sensory perceptions, desires etc of which a fast moving and easily agitated deer/antelope is a symbol. Shiva is also known by various other names with the most popular ones being "Maha Yogi" (Great Ascetic) where Shiva is shown with matted hair and ash smeared over body sitting in "Padmasana" (Padma - Lotus, Asana - yogic posture). He is also termed as "Pashupatinath" (Lord of Animals or Wild Beasts) where the reference to animals/wild beasts is to the wild passions/desires etc that leads mere mortals astray but over which Shiva has mastery and full control. Shiva is also called "Mahadeva" (The Great God), "Mahakaal" (The Great (controller of) Death, Destruction or Time, a reference to Shiva's ability to destroy (evil/ignorance) for new creation and creativity), "Neelkanth" (Blue Throated Lord, a reference to Shiva's selfless act of consuming poison generated from the churning of the ocean to elicit the elixir of life that the Gods drank to become immortal), "Rudra" (Fierce, Mighty, Terrifying etc, a reference to Shiva's ability to eliminate evil and usher peace), etc.
A very fine piece of art in which the swaying 'rudraksha mala' (garland) around the neck of Shiva conveys the necessary vigour and motion together with the other objects shown in the iconography viz vibrating drum, pouring water etc. The facial features of both the King and the Deity complement each other symbolizing common association with the King claiming his right to rule as a "Dev-putra" (Son of God) with the blessing of the God. A powerful iconographic symbol.mitresh
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INDIA, Kushan-Kanishka-MIIPOKushan, Kanishka I, Gold Dinar, 7.96g, 20mm, MIIPO (Mithra) or Sun God type
Obv: Kanishka standing, wearing a flat cap, clad in heavy Kushan coat and long boots, sword at waist, flames emanating from shoulders, holding standard in his left hand, and making a sacrifice over an altar with right hand holding what looks like a shortened elephant goad. Kushan-language legend in Greek script (with the addition of the Kushan Ϸ "sh" letter): ϷΑΟ ΝΑΝΟ ϷΑΟ ΚΑΝΗϷΚΙ ΚΟϷΑΝΟ ("Shao nano shao Kanishki Koshano"):"King of Kings, Kanishka the Kushan". The legend starts circular from the left at 7 'o' clock (near the kings right feet), breaks at 12 'o' clock and continues at 1 'o' clock ending at the kings left feet at 5 'o' clock.
Rev: Deity MIIPO ie Mithra, radiate and nimbate, holding club in left hand with right hand extended, and wearing a thin transparent gown, kushan tamgha to the left, all within a circular dotted border. Mithra (or Mithras) is the Zoroastrian divinity (yazata) of covenant and oath. In addition to being the divinity of contracts, Mithra is also a judicial figure, an all-seeing protector of Truth, and the guardian of cattle, the harvest and of The Waters. Also associated with Sun God.mitresh
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Italy, Rome, Temple of Vesta in the Forum Romanum.Temple of Vesta in the Forum Romanum in Rome. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Vesta. All temples to Vesta were round, and had entrances facing east to symbolize connection between Vesta’s fire and the sun as sources of life. The Temple of Vesta represents the site of ancient cult activity as far back as 7th century BCE. Numa Pompilius is believed to have built this temple along with the original Regia and House of the Vestal Virgins in its original form. Around the Temple stood The Sacred Grove, in which also there was a graveyard for the priests and virgins. It was one of the earliest structures located in the Roman Forum although its present reincarnation is the result of subsequent rebuilding. Instead of a cult statue in the cella there was a hearth which held the sacred flame. The temple was the storehouse for the legal wills and documents of Roman Senators and cult objects such as the Palladium. The Palladium was a statue of Athena (Roman Minerva) believed to have been brought by Aeneas from Troy; the statue was felt to be one of the Pignora Imperii, or pledges of imperium, of Ancient Rome. According to Dionysius of Halicarnassus, the Romans believed that the Sacred fire of Vesta was closely tied to the fortunes of the city and viewed its extinction as a portent of disaster. The sacred flame was put out in 394 by Theodosius I after he won the Battle of the Frigidus, defeating Eugenius and Arbogast. The Temple of Vesta remained reasonably intact until the Renaissance. However, in 1549 the building was completely demolished and its marble reused in churches and papal palaces. The section standing today was reconstructed in the 1930s during the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini.
By Wknight94, 26 April 2008. Source: Joe Sermarini
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Italy- Napoli- Mount_vesuviusOn August 24 of 79 A.D., the area around Mount Vesuvius shook with a huge earthquake. The mountain's top split open and a monstrous cloud raced upward. The inhabitants of Pompeii were showered with ash, stones, and pumice. A river of mud was beginning to bury the city of Herculaneum. The uncle of Pliny the Younger, known as Pliny the Elder, was a commander of a fleet of war ships at Misenum (see map). He decided to use his ships to rescue people close to the volcano. The nephew describes the huge cloud towering over the area (Radice, 1969):
. . . its general appearance can best be expressed as being like a pine rather than any other tree, for it rose to a great height on a sort of trunk and then split off into branches, I imagine because it was thrust upwards by the first blast and then left unsupported as the pressure subsided, or else it was borne down by its own weight so that it spread out and gradually dispersed. Sometimes it looked white, sometimes blotched and dirty, according to the amount of soil and ashes it carried with it. (p. 427)
Pliny the Elder's ship approached the shore near Pompeii.
Ashes were already falling, hotter and thicker as the ships drew near, followed by bits of pumice and blackened stones, charred and cracked by the flames . . . Meanwhile on Mount Vesuvius broad sheets of fire and leaping flames blazed at several points, their bright glare emphasized by the darkness of night. (pp. 429, 431)
But they could not land because the shore was blocked by volcanic debris, so they sailed south and landed at Stabiae. Hoping to quiet the frightened people, the uncle asked to be carried to the bath house. Afterward he lay down and ate. Next, hoping to quiet the inhabitants, he went to bed. The volcano did not do likewise, however.
By this time the courtyard giving access to his room was full of ashes mixed with pumice-stones, so that its level had risen, and if he had stayed in the room any longer he would never had got out. . . . They debated whether to stay indoors or take their chance in the open, for the buildings were now shaking with violent shocks, and seemed to be swaying to and fro as if they were torn from their foundations. Outside on the other hand, there was the danger of falling pumice-stones, even though these were light and porous. . . . As a protection against falling objects they put pillows on their heads tied down with cloths. (pp. 431, 433)
Finally, the uncle decided to leave. The level of ash and pumice-stone had risen to the point that a hasty departure seemed the best option.
. . . the flames and smell of sulphur which gave warning of the approaching fire drove the others to take flight and roused him to stand up . . . then [he] suddenly collapsed, I imagine because the dense fumes choked his breathing by blocking his windpipe which was constitutionally weak and narrow and often inflamed . . . his body was found intact and uninjured, still fully clothed and looking more like sleep than death. (p. 433)
Later, Pliny the Younger and his mother leave Misenam to escape from the approaching volcanic conflagration. They travel across country to avoid being trampled by the crowds of people on the road.
We also saw the sea sucked away and apparently forced back by the earthquake: at any rate it receded from the shore so that quantities of sea creatures were left stranded on dry sand. On the landward side a fearful black cloud was rent by forked and quivering bursts of flame, and parted to reveal great tongues of fire, like flashes of lightning magnified in size. . . . We had scarcely sat down to rest when darkness fell, not the dark of a moonless or cloudy night, but as if the lamp had been put out in a closed room. You could hear the shrieks of women, the wailing of infants, and the shouting of men; some were calling their parents, others their children or their wives, trying to recognize them by their voices. People bewailed their own fate or that of their relatives, and there were some who prayed for death in their terror of dying
Peter Wissing
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Italy- Pompeii- Entrance 1AUGUST 23, A.D. 79. The day dawned bright and sunny as usual and seemed full of promise. The citizens of Pompeii went about their daily business, blissfully unaware of what destiny had in store for them. They were totally unprepared when late in the evening their world erupted in a pyroclastic flow - of molten lava, pumice, ash, hot stones and debris, suffocating, singeing, charring and melting everything that lay in its path as a river of fire gushed out in primordial fury down the slopes of Mount Vesuvius. Pompeii and its 20,000 inhabitants were buried alive in an instant.
"Ashes were already falling, hotter and thicker as the ships drew near, followed by bits of pumice and blackened stones, charred and cracked by the flames . . . Meanwhile on Mount Vesuvius broad sheets of fire and leaping flames blazed at several points, their bright glare emphasised by the darkness of night."
This is an excerpt from a live account of the events of that fateful day, recorded for posterity by Pliny the Younger, a Roman historian. At the time of the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius, the Roman fleet under the command of Pliny the Elder was stationed across the Bay of Naples. A foolhardy Pliny the Elder launched ships and sailed toward the erupting volcano for a closer look only to be suffocated to death. Pliny's nephew, known as Pliny the Younger, was with him on that day, but had stayed back at Misenum. He had witnessed the eruption and also received first-hand reports from those who were with his uncle in the latter's last moments.
Peter Wissing
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Italy- Pompeii- ExitAUGUST 23, A.D. 79. The day dawned bright and sunny as usual and seemed full of promise. The citizens of Pompeii went about their daily business, blissfully unaware of what destiny had in store for them. They were totally unprepared when late in the evening their world erupted in a pyroclastic flow - of molten lava, pumice, ash, hot stones and debris, suffocating, singeing, charring and melting everything that lay in its path as a river of fire gushed out in primordial fury down the slopes of Mount Vesuvius. Pompeii and its 20,000 inhabitants were buried alive in an instant.
"Ashes were already falling, hotter and thicker as the ships drew near, followed by bits of pumice and blackened stones, charred and cracked by the flames . . . Meanwhile on Mount Vesuvius broad sheets of fire and leaping flames blazed at several points, their bright glare emphasised by the darkness of night."
This is an excerpt from a live account of the events of that fateful day, recorded for posterity by Pliny the Younger, a Roman historian. At the time of the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius, the Roman fleet under the command of Pliny the Elder was stationed across the Bay of Naples. A foolhardy Pliny the Elder launched ships and sailed toward the erupting volcano for a closer look only to be suffocated to death. Pliny's nephew, known as Pliny the Younger, was with him on that day, but had stayed back at Misenum. He had witnessed the eruption and also received first-hand reports from those who were with his uncle in the latter's last moments.
Peter Wissing
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Kavad I, AD 499-531 AR Drachm, 28mm, 4.1g, 10h.
Obv.: "Kava (may he) prosper" in Pahlavi (crude), with letter base inward; crowned and cuirassed bust right, crescents on shoulders, stars flanking crown.
Rev.: Fire altar with attendants; star and crescent flanking flames, date in outer left field; mint in outer right field.
Reference: cf. MACW 1012-16, 16-265-96
John Anthony
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Kavād (Kavādh) I 499 - 531 A.D.)Sasanian Empire
AR Drachm
Second Reign
O: Bust right, wearing mural crown with frontal crescent, two ribbons, and korymbos set on crescent, ribbons and crescents on shoulders; star behind head.
R: ire altar with ribbons; flanked by two attendants; RY to left, mint signature to right; star and crescent flanking flames.
BYŠ (Bīshāpūr) Mint, Dated RY 37 (AD 525/6)
28mm
3.54g
SNS type Ic/1b; SunriseMat
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Khusro I 531-579AD-AR DrachmKhusro I 531-579AD-AR Drachm-Max 31mm diameter-3.84 grams
Obverse..Facing bust, head right, wearing merlon crown with tassel to left and surmounted by crescent with 3 vertical lines. Crescents at 3, 6 and 9 o'clock. Right of portrait kings name.
Reverse..Fire altar with two attendants standing facing either side of fire altar, wearing tall headgear, both hands on sword hilt. Star and crescent flanking flames of altar. Right-Mint HWC (Gunde-Shapur, Khuzistan) /Left- Regnal year 26 = 557AD.Paul R3
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Khusro II Ar drachmKhusro II. 590 - 628 AD.
Atrapatan. Regnal Year: [31. 620/621.??]
32mm., 3.98g.
Decorated facing bust r., wearing earrings and winged crown surmounted by crescent and star; one star above crest; double border of dots, three stars within crescents around.
Fire altar with attendants and ribbon, star and crescent flanking flames; triple border of dots, four stars within crescents around.
References:
AAAGRL
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Khusro II Ar drachmKhusro II. 590 - 628 AD.
Ram-Hormazd. Regnal Year: [??].
31mm., 3.93g.
Decorated facing bust r., wearing earrings and winged crown surmounted by crescent and star; one star above crest; double border of dots, three stars within crescents around.
Fire altar with attendants and ribbon, star and crescent flanking flames; triple border of dots, four stars within crescents around.
References:
AAAFRL
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Khusru IISasanian Kingdom. Khusru II. A.D. 591-628. AR drachm (32.7 mm, 4.13 g, 3 h). AW (Ahwaz) mint, dated RY 15. Crowned and cuirassed bust right, two stars above crest, double border of dots, three stars within crescents around / Fire altar with attendants and ribbon, star and crescent flanking flames, triple border of dots, four stars within crescents around. Göbl type II/2. gVF.ecoli
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Khusru II. (AD 591-628.) AR drachm. Dated RY 29.AT (Azerbaijan) mint. (4.05 g.;29 mm.) Crowned and cuirassed bust right, star and crescent above crest, three stars within crescents around / Fire altar with attendants and ribbon, star and crescent flanking flames.
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Kingdom of Thrace, Lysimachos, 305 - 281 B.C., Portrait of Alexander the GreatSilver tetradrachm, Unpublished variety; cf. Meydancikkale 2691 (no palm), Müller 114 (same), Thompson -, Black Sea Hoard -, Armenak -, Choice VF, 16.618g, 29.9mm, 0o, Thrace, Ainos (Enez, Turkey) mint, c. 283 - 281 B.C.; obverse diademed head of Alexander the Great wearing the horn of Ammon; reverse BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΛYΣIMAXOY , Athena enthroned left, Nike crowning king's name in extended right, rests left arm on round shield behind, transverse spear against far side, palm frond (or apluster?) outer left, enthroned cult image of Hermes Perpheraios inner left;possibly unique.
According to myth, the cult image of Hermes Perpheraios was carved by Epeios before he made the Trojan Horse. After Achilles insulted him, the river-god Scamander sided with Troy. The swollen Scamander flooded the Greek camp at its mouth and washed their cult image out to sea. Scamander also was said to have attempted to kill Achilles three times. Later the statue was caught by fishermen from Ainos. They wore themselves out trying to cut it up for firewood, making only a little wound-like mark. They tried to burn it whole, but the flames just went around. Giving up, they threw it back in the sea. After they caught it in their nets a second time they realized it was sacred, received it into the city, and honored it like the gods.
*With my sincere thank , Photo and Description courtesy of FORVM Ancient Coins Staff.
From The Sam Mansourati Collection.Sam
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Kushan: Kanishka, ca. 127 - 152 ADAE unit, 8,53gr, 22,4mm; early series before language change;
MACW 3071, AICR 1191, MK 767, ANS Kushan 403-6, Donum Burns 146-7;
mint: Kapisha (Bagram ?), axis: 12h;
obv.: king w/tiara, standing left, w/long beard in long tunic/coat, holding goad and standard, sacrificing over altar; flame at shoulder; Greek legend : BACIΛEVC ... KOY;
rev.: goddess Nanaia standing right, w/diadem and bun in back of nack, 2 long ribbons in back, holding scepter and box; NANAIA in left field; tamgha in right field; dotted border 6:30 - 15h;
ex: CNG e-Auction 409, # 374; ex: Dr. Wilfried Pieper Collection.
Schatz
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Kushano-Sasanian KingdomPeroz II
303-330 AD
AE unit 14mm, 2.15 grams, 180 degrees
ANACS VF 30 #7320859
Bactrian mint (probably Balkh)
O: Bust of Peroz II right, wearing flat crown with bull's horns and lotus bud feature above; dotted border
R: Exalted god emerging from fire altar, head left, flames emanating from head and shoulders, crescent on crown, diadem in outstretched right hand, spear raised in left; dotted border.
Ref: ANS Kushan 2343-2349. Göbl 1081-1083.
Note: This was removed from ANACS encapsulation, I have the tag
Ex- Heritage Auction #232322 Lot 61099, June 2023Virgil H
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L Postumius AlbinusL. Postumius Albinus AR denarius minted in Rome in 131 B.C. OBV - helmeted Rome head right, flamen´s cap behind, cross X below chin. REV - with Mars holding trophy and scepter in galloping quadriga right, L.POST.ALB. below horses, ROMA in exergue. 3.91 grams.SRukke
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L VALERIUS FLACCUS ROMAN REPUBLIC; GENS VALERIA AR DenariusOBVERSE: Draped bust of Victory right, star under chin
REVERSE: Mars walking left, carrying trophy; L. VALERI./ FLACCI. and a flamen's cap before before and grain-ear behind
Struck at Rome 108-109 BC
3.7g, 18mm
Cr306/1, Syd 565, Valeria 11Legatus
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L. Papius Celsus - AR denariusRome
45 BC
head of Juno Sospita right. wearing goat skin
wolf right placing stick on fire, eagle left fanning flames with its wings
CELSVS·III·VIR
L.PAPIVS
Crawford 472/1, RSC I Papia 2
3,9g 18,5mm
ex Solidus
Reverse depicts a founder myth from Lanuvium.
"While Lavinium was building, the following omens are said to have appeared to the Trojans. When a fire broke out spontaneously in the forest, a wolf, they say, brought some dry wood in his mouth and threw it upon the fire, and an eagle, flying thither, fanned the flame with the motion of his wings. But working in opposition to these, a fox, after wetting his tail in the river, endeavoured to beat out the flames; and now those that were kindling it would prevail, and now the fox that was trying to put it out. But at last the two former got the upper hand, and the other went away, unable to do anything further. Aeneas, on observing this, said that the colony would become illustrious and an object of wonder and would gain the greatest renown, but that as it increased it would be envied by its neighbours and prove grievous to them; nevertheless, it would overcome its adversaries, the good fortune that it had received from Heaven being more powerful than the envy of men that would oppose it. These very clear indications are said to have been given of what was to happen to the city; of which there are monuments now standing in the forum of the Lavinians, in the form of bronze images of the animals, which have been preserved for a very long time.
...
This myth according to Dionysios occured not in Lanuvium but in Lavinium. And there too the group depicting the myth should have been found. This localisation seems to be an error of the author. On the obv. of this coin appears Juno Sospita. the main centre of her worshipping was Lanuvium, not Lavinium. The allusion to this myth at Horace (Hor. epod. 3, 27, 4) appears directly after the mention of Lanuvium. The confusion of these two sites is not astonishing. Lanuvium and Lavinium were swapped very often and in important documents too like the Fasti. The strong connection with Aeneas in this story of Dionysios can be explained as addition of the author who doesn't miss the chance to beautify the myth. Dionysios ascribes an old age to the myth but this can't be looked at as reliable. But rather a group of statues whose meaning has been lost may be the reason of this aetiological myth (Krumme)." - Jochen's Coins of mythological interestJ. B.
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L. PAPIUS CELSUS.AR denarius. 45 BC. 3,74 grs. Head of Juno Sospita right, wearing goat's skin headdress / She-wolf standing right, dropping stick on incipient fire while eagle, standing left, fans flames with wings. CELSVS III VIR above. L.PAPIVS in exergue.
Craw 472/1. RSC Papia 2.
benito
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