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Aradus, Phoenicia. AE 22. Tyche/Poseidon. An AE 11
of Aradus, Phoenicia, struck during 132/131 BC.
BMC Phoenicia 302. Obv. Bust of Tyche right wearing
turreted crown.. Rev. Poseidon, nude to waist, seated
left on prow of galley left, holding wreath in extended
right hand, left on trident; as figure-head, Athena left;
below, Phoenician date (128) and letter. Coin #629
cars100
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Arados c. 240-237 BC
obverse : Turreted bust of Tyche right
reverse prow of galley left, with Athena figurehead, AP monogram above.Ginolerhino
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FAUSTINA II
Ae-25 Philippoplis mint
7.5 grams
OBV: Faustina II facing right
REV: Male figure standing right with Patera.
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Heraclius, with Heraclius Constantine. 610-641. Æ Follis (29mm, 8.63 g, 6h). Cyzicus mint, 1st officina. Dated RY 3 (AD 612/3). Crowned and draped figures of Heraclius and Heraclius Constantine standing facing, each holding globus cruciger; cross above / Large M; cross above, A/N/N/O III (date) across fields; A//KYZ. DOC 175a; MIB 185; SB 840Quant.Geek
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Andronicus II Palaeologus, with Michael IX. 1282-1328. Æ Assarion (19mm, 1.70 g, 6h). Class III. Constantinople mint. Struck 1295-1320. Winged seraph / Half-length facing figures of Andronicus and Michael, holding patriarchal cross between them. DOC 638-46; SB 2429. VF, green and brown patina.
From the Iconodule Collection.Quant.Geek
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Obv: Brockage
Rev: Full-length figure of emperor standing, wearing stemma, divitision, jeweled loros of simplified type and sagion; right hand holds labarum-headed? scepter.; left hand holds sheathed sword, point downward; illegible legend to left.
Dim: 17mm, 1.1g
Quant.Geek
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Justin II, with Sophia. 565-578. Æ Half Follis (20mm, 6.62 g, 6h). Thessalonica mint. Dated RY 8 (572/3). Nimbate figures of Justin and Sophia seated facing on double throne, holding globus cruciger and cruciform scepter, respectively / Large K; cross above, date across field; TЄS. DOC 73; MIBE 70a; SB 366. Quant.Geek
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CARDINAL WOLSEY
When Henry VIII became King of England in 1509 he appointed Thomas Wolsey to the post of Almoner, a position that gave him a seat on the Privy Council and an opportunity for establishing a personal rapport with the King to such an extent that by 1514 Wolsey had become the controlling figure in virtually all matters of state. In 1515, he was awarded the title Archbishop of York and this, followed by his appointment that same year as Cardinal by Pope Leo X, gave him precedence over all other English clerics. His ecclesiastical power advanced even further in 1523 when the Bishop of Durham, a post with wide political powers, was added to his titles.
After Wolsey attained the position of Lord Chancellor, the King's chief adviser, he had achieved more power than any other Crown servant in English history and during his fourteen years of chancellorship Wolsey, who was often alluded to as an alter rex (other king), used his power to neutralise the influence of anyone who might threaten his position..
In spite of having made many enemies, Cardinal Wolsey retained Henry VIII's confidence until, in 1527, the King decided to seek an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon so that he could marry Anne Boleyn. Henry asked Wolsey to negotiate the annulment with the Pope and in 1528 the Pope decided to allow two papal legates, Wolsey himself and Cardinal Campeggio, to decide the outcome in England. Wolsey was confident of the outcome, but Campeggio took a long time to arrive, and then he delayed proceedings so much, that the case had to be suspended and the Pope decided that the official decision should therefore be made in Rome and not in England.
After his failure to negotiate the annulment, Wolsey fell out of favour with Henry and in 1529 he was stripped of his government office and property, including the magnificent Palace of Hampton Court, which Henry took as his own main London residence.
Wolsey was however permitted to retain the title of Archbishop of York and so he travelled to Yorkshire, for the first time in his career, to carry out those duties.
Now that he was no longer protected by Henry, Wolsey's enemies, including it is rumoured, Ann Boleyn, conspired against him and Henry had him arrested and recalled to London to answer to charges of treason, one of those being that with 'pompous and preposterous mind, he had enterprised to join and imprint the Cardinal's hat under the King's arms on the King's coin of groats made in the city of York'. But Wolsey, now in great distress, fell ill on the journey back to the capital and at Leicester, on 29 November 1530, aged about 57, he died from natural causes before he could be beheaded.*Alex
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MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS
Mary I is one of the most well known, romantic and tragic figures in Scottish history. She was the only surviving child of King James V of Scotland and became queen on the death of her father when she was only six or seven days old. Mary was brought up in the Catholic faith and educated in France along with the French royal children, while Scotland was ruled in her name by regents, principally the Earl of Arran. In 1558 Mary married the French Dauphin, Francis, and following his accession in 1559 she became Queen consort of France and he King consort of Scotland. However, when Francis died in 1560 Mary was devastated and in 1561 she returned to Scotland. Four years later, in 1565, she married her half-cousin, Lord Darnley and the following year she bore him a son, who would later become James I of England. When in 1567, Darnley's house in Edinburgh was destroyed by an explosion and he was found murdered in the grounds, suspicion implicated Mary and her favourite, the Earl of Bothwell. When later that same year Mary married Bothwell those suspicions were not allayed, and following an uprising against her, she was imprisoned in Loch Leven Castle and forced to abdicate in favour of her one year old son. After an unsuccessful attempt to regain her throne and defeat at the battle of Langside in 1568, Mary fled south to England, only to be imprisoned by Elizabeth I who perceived her as a threat to the throne of England. For over eighteen years Elizabeth had Mary confined in various castles and manor houses throughout England until, in 1587, after being accused of numerous intrigues and plots against Elizabeth, Mary was beheaded at Fotheringhay Castle.*Alex
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JAMES III
James III was crowned at Kelso Abbey in 1460 at the age of nine, he was the son of James II and Mary of Guelders. During his childhood, the government was led by successive factions until 1469 when he began to rule for himself. That same year he married Princess Margaret of Denmark. Margaret's father, King Christian I of Denmark and Norway was unable to raise the full amount of her dowry so pledged his lands and rights in Orkney and Shetland as security for the remainder. But Christian I was never able to redeem his pledge, and Orkney and Shetland have remained Scottish possessions ever since.
Soon after his marriage, James faced great difficulties in restoring a strong central government. His preference for the company of scholars, architects and artists coupled with his extravagance and partiality to favourites alienated him from the loyalty of his nobles. Even his own brothers, Alexander, Duke of Albany and John, Earl of Mar regarded him with jealousy verging on hatred. In 1479, James' brothers were arrested on suspicion of conspiring against the Crown. John Stewart, the Earl of Mar, died in suspicious circumstances, whilst Alexander Stewart, the Duke of Albany, escaped and fled to England.
The ever-present English threat had been temporarily solved by a truce with Edward IV in 1463 but James' estrangement from his brothers and a strong faction within the Scottish nobility led to the final loss of Berwick.
Although James had tried to settle his differences with Alexander, Duke of Albany, his brother again tried to take his throne in a coup after Edward IV recognised him as Alexander IV of Scotland in 1482. Some minor members of James III's household were hanged, including Robert Cochrane, the king's favourite. But James was removed to Edinburgh Castle where he survived and Alexander was exiled to France.
After his queen's death in 1486, James lived in increasing isolation amidst the growing resentment of the nobility. Finally, in 1488, the Scottish nobles seized James' eldest son, also called James, placed him at their head, and rose against the king. At the Battle of Sauchieburn, three miles from Stirling, James III, defeated, was thrown from his horse as he fled from the field. He was carried into a nearby cottage where he was set upon and stabbed to death.
James III was buried at Cambuskenneth Abbey near Stirling and his son, the figurehead of the revolt against him, was hailed as James IV.
*Alex
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Persian Empire, Lydia, Anatolia, Xerxes I - Darius II, c. 485 - 420 B.C. Silver siglos, Carradice Type IIIa variety without pellets, Carradice NC 1998, pl. 8, 5 - 16; or underweight Carradice IIIb, Choice gVF, attractive surfaces, flow lines, bankers mark on edge, Sardes (Sart, Turkey) mint, weight 5.403g, maximum diameter 14.8mm, c. 485 - 420 B.C.; obverse kneeling-running figure of the Great King right, transverse spear downward in right hand, bow in extended left hand, bearded, crowned; reverse irregular rectangular punch; from the CEB Collection; ex Numismatic Fine Arts winter sale (Dec 1987), lot 371
Ex: Forum Ancient Coins.
Persian Lydia, Persian Empire, Lydia, Anatolia, Xerxes I - Darius II, c. 485 - 420 B.C., Carradice Type III was initially issued with the same weight standard as earlier sigloi, Type IIIa, c. 5.30 - 5.39 g. Carradice NC 1998 lists 12 examples of sigloi in the Type IIIa style but without pellets behind the beard. There may have been two mints, one issuing with the two pellets and one without. Or possibly all light weight examples without pellets are simply underweight examples of the Type IIIb, issued after c. 485 B.C. on a heavier standard, c. 5.55 - 5.60 g.paul1888
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Amyntas III, 393 - 370/369 BC. AE17 Dichalkon. Struck at an uncertain mint in MacedoniaObverse: No legend. Head of Herakles, wearing lion's skin, facing right.
Reverse: AMYNTA above Eagle standing facing right, grasping snake in it's talons and attacking it with it's beak.
Diameter: 16.92mm | Weight: 3.17gms | Die Axis: 6
SNG ANS 100 - 109 | SNG Munchen 49-52 | AMNG 160, 7
Amyntas III was king of Macedonia from about 393 to 370/369 BC, he was the father of Philip II and the grandfather of Alexander the Great. His skillful diplomacy in Greek affairs prepared the way for Macedonia's emergence as a great power under his son Philip II.
Amyntas came to the throne during a period of some confusion after the sudden death of king Archelaus who was killed while out hunting in 399 BC. Archelaus was succeeded by his young son Orestes, who ruled with his guardian Aeropus for four years until his death, possibly at the hands of Aeropus. Aeropus then ruled alone as Aeropus II, until he died of an illness two years later and was succeeded by his son Pausanius.
Diodorus gives two versions of the start of Amyntas' reign but both versions agree that Amyntas came to the throne after assassinating Pausanias but was then driven out by the Illyrians. Amyntas recovered his kingdom in the following year however, with the aid of the Spartans and the Thessalians. He continued to maintain his position by the expedient of siding with the powers ascendant in Greece, securing his alliance with Athens by supporting their claim to Amphipolis, and by adopting the Athenian general Iphicrates as his son. Iphicrates later helped Amyntas' son, Perdikkas III, to secure his claim to the throne.
Several significant figures worked in Macedonia during Amyntas' reign, including Nicomachus, the father of Aristotle, who served as court physician to Amyntas, and Aristotle himself who served as the tutor to Amyntas' grandson, Alexander the Great.
Amyntas died at an advanced age in 370-369 BC, leaving his throne to the eldest of his three sons, Alexander II, who ruled from 369 to 366 BC. Amyntas' other two sons also ended up ruling Macedon, Perdikkas III from 365 to 359 BC and Philip II, the father of Alexander the Great, from 359 to 336 BC.*Alex
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2 Augustus IrippoAUGUSTUS
Æ Semis of Irippo, Spain, 27 BC - 14 AD
IRIPPO, Bare head of Augustus right within wreath / Female figure seated left, holding pine-cone and cornucopia; all within wreath.
RPC 55; SNG Cop. 152-4. VF, green patina
RI0010Sosius
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Philip III Arrhidaios, 323 - 317 BC. AR Drachm struck in the name and types of Alexander III at Lampsakos, Mysia.Obverse: No legend. Head of Herakles, wearing lion-skin knotted at base of neck, facing right.
Reverse: AΛEΞANΔPOY. Zeus Aëtophoros seated facing left, right leg drawn back, feet on stool, eagle in right hand, sceptre in left; buckle in left field; Λ above Ω below throne.
Diameter: 18mm | Weight: 4.16gms | Die Axis: 7 | Cut mark above eyebrow on obverse.
Price: 1376
Alexander the Great reigned from 336 to 323 BC but this coin was struck shortly after his death, in around 323 to 317 BC under Philip III Arrhidaios.
Philip III Arrhidaios was the king of Macedonia after the death of Alexander the Great, from 323 BC until his own death in 317 BC. He was a son of King Philip II of Macedonia and a half-brother of Alexander. Named Arrhidaios at birth, he assumed the name Philip when he ascended the throne.
As Arrhidaios grew older it became apparent that he had mild learning difficulties. Alexander was very fond of him, and took him on his campaigns, both to protect his life and to ensure he would not be used as a pawn in a challenge for the throne. After Alexander's death in Babylon, Arrhidaios was proclaimed king by the Macedonian army in Asia, but he was a mere figurehead, and a pawn of the powerful generals, one after the other.
*Alex
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1 Gordian IIIGordian III
Ant 4.4g, Rome Mint
238-239 AD
O: IMP CAES M ANT GORDIANVS AVG. Radiate and draped bust right.
R: IOVI CONSERVATORI. Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and scepter, small figure of Gordian at feet.
RIC IV-3 2Sosius
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15 HadrianHADRIAN
BI tetradrachm, Alexandria mint, 11.1g, 25.1mm
29 Aug 125 - 28 Aug 126 A.D.
ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙ ΤΡΑΙ Α∆ΡΙΑ CΕΒ, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, wearing aegis, from behind / L ∆Ε KATOV (year 10), Canopus jar of Osiris, ornamented with figures, wearing crown of horns, uraei disk, and plumes
Kampmann-Ganschow 32.351; Geissen 903; Dattari 1326; Milne 1154; BMC Alexandria p. 75, 630; Emmett 827
Choice gVF
Purchased from FORVM
Note that at some point in this coin's history, it seems to have been used a host for very poor quality fakes. After discussion on the FORVM board, I am comfortable that this coin is indeed the original. Shame on the former owner that used it for copies!
During the mummification process, large organs, such as the liver, lungs, stomach and intestines were extracted and placed in four jars. In the Ptolemaic period, the Greeks called these jars "canopic jars," relating them to the deity of the old city Canop (now a village in Abu Kyr). The heart was left in the body because it held the spirit, understanding and senses and would be needed on the Day of Judgment in the underworld. -- FORVM
RI0073Sosius
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177 - 192, COMMODUS, AE Sestertius, Struck 185 at Rome, alluding to BritanniaObverse: M COMMODVS ANTON AVG PIVS BRIT, laureate head of Commodus facing right.
Reverse: P M TR P X IMP VII COS IIII P P. Draped figure of Victory, seated on pile of shields, facing right, holding a long stylus in her right hand and supporting a shield on her left knee with her left hand; S – C in field; VICT BRIT in exergue.
Diameter: 29.5mm | Weight: 20.12gms | Die Axis: 12h
RIC III: 452 | SRCV: 5826 | Cohen: 946 | BMCRE: 560 | SPINK: 648
SCARCE
This sestertius has a historically important reverse type which refers to Commodus' significant military campaign in Northern Britain.
COMMODUS
Between 180 AD and 184 AD, the Romans were once again at war with the northern tribes in Britain. According to Cassius Dio, “the tribes in that island, crossing the wall that separated them from the Roman legions, proceeded to do much mischief and cut down a general together with his troops”. Though Dio does not make it clear to us today which wall he was writing about, his Roman audience would have known. However, that said, since Southern Scotland was still occupied by the Romans at this time and the Maetae, one of the main tribes involved in the incursion, occupied a hill fort (called Myot Hill today) a few miles north of Antonine's Wall, the wall that seems to best fit his description of separating the tribes from the Roman legions would be the Antonine Wall rather than that of Hadrian. This was the most serious war of Commodus’ reign and when the war was won, Commodus minted coins to celebrate the victory. He also took on the title “Britannicus”, and all his coins after this date feature “Brit” in the legend.
CLICK ON THE IMAGE OF COMMODUS BELOW TO ENLARGE IT
 *Alex
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198 - 217, CARACALLA, AE As, Struck 211 at Rome, alluding to BritanniaObverse: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG BRIT, laureate head of Caracalla facing right, drapery on left shoulder.
Reverse: VICTORIAE BRITTANNICAE. Draped figure of Victory standing facing right, left foot on helmet, inscribing shield hung on a palm; S – C across field.
Diameter: 26mm | Weight: 10.9gms | Die Axis: 12h
RIC IV: 522b | Cohen: 636 | Cf.SRCV: 7015 | SPINK: 661
Rough surfaces
SCARCE
This coin commemorates the victories achieved by the Romans in Scotland during the campaigns led jointly by Septimius Severus and his eldest son Caracalla in 209, and by Caracalla alone the following year during his father's illness.
CLICK ON IMAGE BELOW TO ENLARGE IT
 *Alex
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274, Roman Imitative Antoninianus (Barbarous Radiate), produced in Britain and the continent. Struck in the name of TETRICUS II as AUGUSTUSObverse: (IMP C TET)RICVS AG. Radiate bust of Tetricus II facing right, seen from behind.
Reverse: Struck from extremely worn reverse die which possibly depicts Salus feeding serpent arising from altar.
Diameter: 14mm | Weight: 1.7gms | Die Axis: 6
SPINK: 749
RARE
This is an irregular issue (barbarous radiate) giving Tetricus II the title of Augustus rather than Caesar.
Interestingly the Historia Augusta makes this statement with regard to Aurelian's triumph in A.D.274. "In the procession was Tetricus also, arrayed in a scarlet cloak, a yellow tunic, and Gallic trousers, and with him his son, whom he had proclaimed in Gaul as Imperator." (Historia Augusta, xxxiv, iii). Imperator was a title that invariably, when referring to an Imperial figure, implied the rank of Augustus, but no regular official coinage issues of Tetricus II citing him as such are known.
The term 'barbarous radiates', dating from its use by antiquarians in the 19th century, is still often used to refer to the locally produced unofficial coins which imitated the official Roman antoninianii of the period. These coins were not struck by barbarians outwith the Empire as the name would suggest, nor were they intrinsically forgeries or fakes. Instead they were the result of a period of great instability within the Roman empire during which the western provinces especially often experienced a severe lack of coinage. To fill this void small denomination coinage was unofficially issued in very large numbers. Though some of these coins are fairly close copies of the official coins which they imitate, many others have been produced by die engravers who were patently illiterate and often of limited ability artistically as well. Around 274 Aurelian banned the use of these imitative bronzes when he reformed the currency but it is possible that some "barbarous radiates" were still being produced after that date. Whether individual coins are of British or Continental mintage can really only be ascertained by provenance.
*Alex
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3.1 Herennia EtruscillaHerennia Etruscilla
AE Sestertius, Viminacium
250/251 AD
O: HER ETRVSCILLA AVG, draped bust right, in staphane
R: PMS COL VIM, female figure (Provincia Moesia) standing, facing left, between bull & lion, AN XII in ex.
BMC 32, Moushmov 48
Sosius
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4.75 VolusianVolusian AE 25mm of Viminacium. IMP C VOLVSIANVS AVG, laureate bust right, slight drapery / P M S COL VIM, draped female figure of Moesia standing facing, hands outstretched over bull and lion; AN XII in ex
Moushmov 60
Sosius
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40cfAllectus 293-6
Antoninianus
IMP C ALLECTVS PF AVG
Radiate & cuirassed bust right
ROMAE AETER
Tetrastyle temple, figure (Roma?) standing left within
London mint
-/-//ML
RIC - (cf 40)
mauseus
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554cfCarausius 287-93AD
"Denarius"
Obv "IMP CARAVSIVS PF AVG"
Laureate, draped & cuirassed bust right
Rev "EXPECTATE VENI"
Carausius greeted by Britannia
London mint?
-/-/RSR?
RIC 554 (figures reversed on reverse)mauseus
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69bVespasian 69-79 AD
AR denarius
Obv "IMP CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG"
Laureate bust left
Rev "TR POT X COS VIIII"
Figure (Octavian?) on rostral column
Rome mint
RIC 120mauseus
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810 - 841, EANRED, Anglo-Saxon king of Northumbria, AE Styca, Struck c.830 - 835 at York, EnglandObverse: + EANRED REX around small cross pattée. Cross pattée in legend.
Reverse: + FORDRED around small cross patoncé. Cross pattée in legend. Moneyer: Fordred.
Phase 1b issue
Grey patina with slight silver sheen
Diameter: 12mm | Weight: 0.9gms | Die Axis: 12h
SPINK: 862
Initially a base silver coin, after the devastating Viking attack on Lindisfarne in 793, with its subsequent commercial impact on the kingdom of Northumberland, Eanred's second issue of stycas were debased by having their silver content replaced by zinc. There was a further debasement of the coinage in 829 after Eanred's submission to Ecgberht of Wessex, such that the styca became basically a copper alloy coin.
Eanred was king of Northumbria in the early ninth century.but very little is known for certain about him. Roger of Wendover, a 13th century English chronicler, states that Eanred reigned from 810 until 840, but the twelfth-century History of the Church of Durham records a reign of 33 years. Given the turbulence of Northumbrian history in this period, a reign of this length suggests a figure of some significance. Eanred was the son of King Eardwulf, who was deposed by an otherwise unknown Ælfwald in 806. According to the History of the Church of Durham, Ælfwald ruled for two years before Eanred succeeded. However Frankish sources claim that, after being expelled from England, Eardwulf was received by Charlemagne and then the pope, and that their envoys escorted him back to Northumbria and secured his restoration to power. The precise nature of the succession of Eanred is therefore unclear but all the sources agree that Eanred was eventually succeeded by his son, Æthelred.
The Kingdom of Northumbria was a medieval Anglian kingdom in what is now Northern England and South-east Scotland. The name derives from the Old English Norþan-hymbre meaning "the people or province north of the Humber", Northumbria started to consolidate into one kingdom in the early seventh century when the two earlier territories of Deira and Bernicia united. At its height, the kingdom extended from the Humber Estuary in the south to the Firth of Forth (now in Scotland) in the north.
Northumbria ceased to be an independent kingdom in the mid-tenth century.
*Alex
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Alexius III AE Trachy S-2012
Alexius III AE Trachy S-2012 DOC 3
Beardless, nimbate bust of Christ, wearing tunic and kolobion; holds scroll in l. hand. Pellet s in each limb of nimbus cross.
REV Full length figure of Emperor on l. and of St. Constantine nimbate, holding between then Globus crucgier. Emperor and Saint wear stemma,divitision, collar piece and jeweled loros of simplified type; both hold labarum headed scepterBritanikus
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Asclepius IntaglioMale figure Asclepius? holding two snakes.
Asclepius was the god of healing though he, like Heracles, was born as a mortal. Athena gave Asclepius two types of blood to help with his healing work, both from the gorgon, Medusa. One took life quickly but the other restored life. When Asclepius used this life restoring blood he encroached on the preserve of the gods and Zeus struck him down with a thunderbolt. One of the most famous centres for Asclepius worship was at Epidaurus on the Peloponnese. Snakes were sacred to the god and when the Romans embraced him as one of theirs his cult was supposedly taken to Rome in the body of a snake. He was preserved in the heavens as the constellation Ophiuchus, the serpent holder. The Romanised version of his name is Aesculapius.
0.34g
Greek or more likely Roman Provincial
Ex-Time Machine
Sold Forum Auctions December 2017Jay GT4
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Byzantine Empire: Alexius I Comnenus (1081-1118) BI Aspron Trachy Nomisma, Philippopolis? (Sear 1936; DOC VI.31)Obv: +KЄROHΘ ΛΛЄΞIШ; IC XC in field; Christ, bearded and nimbate, wearing tunic and kolobion, seated upon throne without back; holds Gospels in left hand
Rev: Δ/ЄC/ΠO/T - TШ/KO/M/N; Full-length figure of emperor wearing divitision, collar-piece, and paneled loros of simplified type; holds in right hand scepter with large labarum as head - in which generally a cross; and in left hand, globus cruciger Quant.Geek
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Faustina Junior, Trajanopolis AE 20 Trajanopolis. Faustina II AE20. FAVCTEINA CEBAC, draped bust right / TPAIANOPOLEITWN, veiled figure of Hera standing left, holding patera & sceptre, altar at her feet.
Moushmov 5003, 21 mm diam., 8.0 g NORMAN K
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Manuel I Komnenus clipped billion aspron trachy SB1966Obverse: IC-XC (bar above) in field, Christ bearded and nimbate, wearing tunic and colobion, seated upon throne without back; holds gospels in left hand.
Reverse: MAN(monogram)HA AECIIOT or var, MP OV bar above in upper right field, Full-length figure of emperor, bearded on left, crowned by Virgin nimbate. Emperor wears stemma, divitision, collar-peice, and jewelled loros of simplified type; holds in right hand labarum-headed scepter, and in left globus cruciger. Virgin wears tunic and maphorion.
four main varieties:
Mint: Constantinople
Date: 1167-1183?
Sear 1966 Var d, Fourth coinage; H 16.14,15; 17.1-4
rev: Jewel within circle on loros waist
16mm .89gm
As discussed in the Byzantine forumThese are the "neatly clipped" trachies.
During the reign of Manuel I the silver content of the trachy was dropped from c.6% to c.3%, but later types were sometimes issued with the higher silver content.
In Alexius III's time these high silver types were clipped down to half size, probably officially, presumably so as to match the lower silver content of the later issues.
Of course this would only have worked as long as the populace accepted the idea that the clipped coins were all high silver versions to start with. Once smarties started clipping ordinary coins these types would soon have have fallen out of favour and been withdrawn.
Ross G.
During the reign of Alexius III were reused coins of previous releases, clipping its border in a very regular mode and thus reducing to half their weight. Regularity of shearing and the fact that they were found to stock uniforms, suggesting that this clipping is a formal issuance of mint. Based on the stocks found in Constantinople , some of which consist only of clipped coins, it may safely be dated between 1195 and 1203.
Hendy and Grierson believe that this shearing was a consequence of the devaluation of trachy mixture during the reign of Isaac II and Alexius III. They reduced by half the already low silver content of this coin: shearing coins of previous emperors, still widely in circulation, made their trachy consistent with the intrinsic value of current emissions. Of course, this does not justify the clipping of coins already degraded of Isaac II and Alexius III. Therefore, reason for their declassification is not understood. I think that reason of Ross is right!
The structure of their dispersion in hoards indicates that, however, were made after the other emissions. Clipped trachys appear in small amounts along with regular trachy in hoards, represents a rarity. Were clipped trachys of Manuel I, Andronicus I, Isaac II and Alexius III, and perhaps of John II; those of Manuel are less scarce. In principle, we must believe that all trachys after Manuel I have been clipped, although many have not yet appeared.
Antvwala
wileyc
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Trajan. 98-117 CE. Caesarea Maritima. Trajan. 98-117 CE. Æ 32mm
Laureate bust right, drapery on left shoulder / Statue of the Tyche of Caesarea within semi-circular tetrastyle shrine with Corinthian columns; half figure of river-god to right of statue, altar with horns
Ros-19Maritima
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Δ in circular punchIONIA. Smyrna. Civic. Æ 20. Time of Gordian to Valerian. Obv: .IEPACVNKΛHTOC. Laureate and draped bust of the Roman Senate right, countermark on bust. Rev: CMVPΓNE-ΩKOPΩN. Figure of Tyche holding rudder and cornucopia, inside tetrastyle temple. Ref: Ex. Lindgren II:556; BMC 233. Axis: 180°. Weight: 4.95 g. CM: Δ in circular punch, 5.5 mm. Howgego 791 (34 pcs). Note: The countermark was probably not applied before the time of the joint reign of Valerian and Gallienus. Collection Automan.Automan
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ROME. "Domitian"
PB Tessera (17mm, 2.14 g)
Figure driving biga right, holding whip in raised hand
DOMI
Rostovtsew 734; Ruggiero 1325-8
Ex Classical Numismatic Group 55 (13 September 2000), lot 1201 (part of)Ardatirion
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ROME. "Trajan"
PB Tessera (24mm, 6.12 g)
Two figures in galley left
TRA
Rostovtsew 63
Ex Classical Numismatic Group 55 (13 September 2000), lot 1201 (part of)Ardatirion
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ROME
PB Tessera (20mm, 5.35 g, 12h)
Draped bust of Hercules left, wearing lion's skin and holding club over shoulder, with hair and beard in Antonine-Severan style
The Dioscuri standing facing one another, each holding spear and bridle of horse
Rostovtsev 2085; Rostovtsev & Prou 377
Rostovtsev suggests that the obverse may depict Caracalla. This interpretation is somewhat plausible, but unlikely, considering the additional object on the obverse, and the bare head of the figure.Ardatirion
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ROME
PB Tessera (12mm, 2.26 g, 6h)
Mercury advancing right, holding bag and caduceus
PR/OG
Rostovtzev -
The small, round fabric of this issue is not usual for an issue from Rome. Additionally, the attribution of the obverse figure as Mercury is uncertain. Though he appears to bear the bag and caduceus, the figure is in a pose more traditionally held by Eros.Ardatirion
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ROME
PB Tessera (19mm, 3.15 g, 12 h)
Togate priest standing left, holding patera
Modius with three grain ears, A C flanking
Rostowzew 1571 var. (size, no modius)
AC may stand for “Antoninus Caesar”, thereby making the togate figure the emperor in the guise of Pontifex Maximus. The presence of a modius also suggests a relation to the annona, implying a reading of “Annona Caesaris.”Ardatirion
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ROME
PB Tessera (15mm, 2.60 g, 2h)
Silvanus standing left, holding scythe and branch
Bear(?) advancing right
Rostowzew – (but cf. 2982 for an example with a bear)
Ex RBW Collection (Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Auction 376, 15 June 2016), lot 770 (part of); Artemide 5E (19 December 2010), lot 1163 (part of)
The reverse figure is crudely engraved, but clearly not a stag.Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos. Alexander.
PB Tessera (17mm, 3.95 g, 4h)
Artemis kneeling right, bathing, within grotto surmounted by half-length figure of Aktaion, wearing antlers and raising arms
Hippocampus right, AΛЄ Ξ around
Gülbay & Kireç –; Gorny & Mosch 212 (5 March 2013), lot 3333 (same dies); Vossen 35 (this coin)
Ex Tom Vossen Collection, 35Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos. Claudius Attalus.
Early 3rd century AD
PB Tessera (17mm, 2.57 g)
Figure standing right, playing auloi
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç 133; Leu Web Auction 16 (22 May 2021), lot 3170
Ex Naumann 52 (3 April 2017), lot 306
The individual named on this tessera can be identified as Tiberius Claudius Attalus Melior. He is attested on two early third century Ephesian inscriptions, on one as high priest, on the other as prytanes, grammateus of the demos and asiarch. Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (15mm, 3.31 g)
Hermit crab right; wheat ear below
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç 40 var. (figure on reverse - same obverse die)Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (16mm, 4.22 g, 2 h)
Hermit crab right; wheat ear below
Lion advancing right
Gülbay & Kireç 40 var. (figure on reverse – same obverse die)
My special thanks to BCD for withholding his bid and allowing me to acquire this piece. Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos.
PB Tessera (20mm, 5.41 g)
Oleiculture scene: male figure standing right, holding stick and knocking olives from tree to right; star and crescent between; behind, stag(?) standing left; [...]POV above
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç –
Scenes of the olive harvest are entirely unknown on coinage, but some mosaics and Greek vases illustrate the practice. See in particular an Attic black figure neck amphora in the British Museum (ABV, 273, 116) depicting two men using sticks to knock olives from a tree.Ardatirion
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (19mm, 4.90 g)
Togate figure standing left, sacrificing at altar before tholos containing cult statue
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç -; Hirsch 279, lot 4922
The engraver of this die betrays no small skill in his execution of the obverse type; the circular shrine is shown in perspective, with the columns arranged so as to suggest distance while still leaving room for the statue to be visible. I was surprised to find that another specimen of this type from different, though equally elegant dies had recently sold in a Hirsch auction, there misidentified as a “bleiplombe,” or lead seal.
Ardatirion
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EGYPT, Aphroditopolis
PB Tessera (15mm, 3.02 g, 4 h)
Old man standing right, leaning on staff (Anchises?)
Aphrodite seated facing on rock, head right, raising arms to cover breast
Milne 5320-4; Dattari (Savio) 11851-2; Köln -
Assuming that the types of Aphroditopolis uniformly bear relation to the goddess, the elderly male figure on the obverse presents an enigma. Perhaps the man is Anchises, the father of Aeneas. While he was certainly younger during his dalliances with Aphrodite, the artist could presumably have been influenced by the Virgilian image of an elderly man.Ardatirion
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EGYPT, Memphis
PB Tessera (24mm, 5.76 g, 11 h)
Nilus reclining left on hippopotamus, holding cornucopia and reeds, being crowned by Euthenia advancing right
Isis-Hekate triformis standing facing, holding uraeus and resting arm on Apis bull standing left with solar disk between horns; to left, small figure standing right; MEMΦIC to right
Milne 5279; Dattari (Savio) 6419; Köln 3501Ardatirion
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EGYPT, Memphis
PB Tessera
Uncertain figure standing facing, holding bust of Harpokrates wearing skent crown; MEMΦIC to right
Serapis enthroned left, holding scepter, with Cerberus at feet; to left, Demeter(?) standing right, holding scepter; to right, Tyche standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia
Milne -; Dattari (Savio) -; Köln 3563Ardatirion
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EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera
Two figures standing facing
Warrior advancing right?
Milne -; Dattari (Savio) -; Köln -Ardatirion
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EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera (18mm, 4.15 g, 1h)
Dated year 2 of an uncertain era
Nilus recling left, holding cornucopia and mummiform figure of Osiris
Euthenia reclining left, holding cornucopia and grain ears; LB above
Milne 5391 var. (date); Dattari (Savio) 11623 var. (placement of date); Köln -Ardatirion
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EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera (15mm, 2.07 g, 1h)
Nilus reclining left, holding cornucopia [and mummiform figure of Osiris?]
Euthenia reclining left, holding cornucopia and grain ears
Cf. Milne 5397-401; Dattari (Savio) 6470 corr. (obverse type); Köln -Ardatirion
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EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera (18mm, 2.83 , 1 h)
Tyche reclining left on couch (hiera klinê, or lectisternium), holding rudder in outstretched right hand and resting head on raised left set on pillow; all within distyle temple with pellet in pediment
Hercules standing left, holding club and small figure of Telesphorus
Milne -; Dattari (Savio) -; Köln -; Roma E-Live 3 (25 October 2018), lot 484 (same dies)Ardatirion
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EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera (18mm, 2.91 g, 5h)
Dated year 2 of an uncertain era
Uncertain figure standing facing, behing crowned by Victory standing left
Uncertain figure standing left, holding uncertain object in raised hand; to left, ram(?) standing right; retrograde [L] B across fields
Milne –; Dattari (Savio) –; Köln –
Ex London Ancient Coins 36 (15 July 2014), lot 147Ardatirion
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PHILIPPINES, Insular Government. 1901-1935.
Proof CU Half Centavo (18mm, 2.63 g, 6h)
Philadelphia mint. Dated 1903.
· UNITED STATES OF AMERICA · 1903
Eagle standing facing atop shield, head left, with wings spread, clutching a palm branch and bundle of arrows
HALF CENTAVO FILIPINAS
Male figure seated against anvil, resting hammer; in distance, Mt. Mayon
Allen 1.01; cf. Basso 110 (for business strike)
Ex Cookie Jar Collectibles MBS X (31 July 2007), lot 270Ardatirion
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(0193) JULIA DOMNAb. ca. 170, d. 217
(wife of Septimius Severus; mother of emperors Geta and Caracalla)
Struck ca 198 - 209 AD
AE Assarion 22 X 25 mm, 4.58 g
O: Draped bust right
R: Hermes facing, as a terminal figure, holding kerykeion in his right hand and purse in his left
Arcadia, Phigaleia; NCP, V XII (very rare)laney
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(0198) CARACALLA198-217 AD
AE As 24 mm, 9.57 g
O: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG GERM Laureate head right
R: P M TR P XVII IMP III COS IIII P P Roma seated left on cuirass, holding Victory and spear, helmet under feet, kneeling figure of German before; SC in exe
Rome; cf RIC IV 533, Cohen 264; scarcelaney
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(0198) CARACALLA198 - 217 AD
struck 211 - 217 AD
AE 23.5 mm; 9.35 g
O: AVT K M AV ANTΩNINOC, laureate head right monogram on shoulder
R:OVΛΠIAC TOΠIPOV, naked figure of Herakles seated left on rock covered with lion's skin, holding club in extended right hand, resting left hand on rock
Thrace, Topiros (Topirus); cf BMC 6; Moushmov 4979
laney
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(02) AUGUSTUS27 BC - 14 AD
struck 2 BC - 4 AD
AR DENARIUS 3.81 g
O: CAESAR AVGVSTVS DIVI F PATER PATRIAE Laureate head of Augustus, right
R: C L CAESARES, AVGVSTI F COS DESIG PRINC IVVENT Togate figures of Gaius and Lucius standing facing, holding spear and shield between them. Lituus on left, facing right; and simpulum on right, facing left
Lugdunum, RIC (I) 210.
(this is the scarcer mirror-image version of this reverse type, and shows the lituus on the left; and Gaius, with his shield in front of Lucius’ shield and the ladle by his head on the right)
laney
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(02) AUGUSTUS27 BC - 14 AD
AE 23 mm; 8.74 g
O: IMP CAESAR AVGVSTVS, bare head right.
R: COL dot IVL, veiled figure plowing left with two oxen.
Phoenicia, Berytos Mint
cf RPC: 4540, BMC 52, Lindgren I 2252, Rouvier 491. laney
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(0218) ELAGABALUS--Tyre218 – 222 AD
AE 28mm, 9.73g
O: Laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right
R: Nude male figure (probably representing King Pygmalion of Tyre=Pu'mayatton, 831-785 BC) advancing left, chlamys over extended right arm, holding transverse spear and shield(?) in raised left hand ; behind him at right, 4 stags leaping right; star above; murex shell below
Phoenicia, Tyre (Tyros);
ref. Rouvier VII, p.80, 2388; BMC Phoenicia p.277, 408; Babelon ("Les Perses Achemenides")
2244; Mionnet V, 657; not in SNG Copenghagen, SNG UK, SNG Deutschland, SNG
Righetti, Lindgren; Rare
(thank you to Jochen for details)laney
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(0222) SEVERUS ALEXANDERIssued 221-222 AD (as Caesar, struck under Elagabalus)
AE 23 mm; 9.93 g
O: Radiate head right
R: Tetrastyle tripartite temple of Astarte; Astarte stands in middle section, facing, holding standard in right hand with left foot set on prow; Nike stands on cippus to Astarte's right, crowning her; river god beneath, swimming right; outside staircases lead to the side-wings; in the left wing goddess with kalathos stands facing between two animals; in the right wing female figure stands facing.
BMC 110, 9; Lindgren II, 1321, 2288 (Rare)
Phoenicia, Caesarea ad Libanumlaney
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(0222) SEVERUS ALEXANDER222 - 235 AD
AE 23 mm; 7.79 g
O: laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right, from behind;
R: cart of Astarte, two wheels, four columns supporting roof, Baetyl within, inverted crescent above, two figures at base
Phoenicia, Sidon mint; cf BMC 318 - 319laney
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(0222) SEVERUS ALEXANDER and JULIA MAMAEA222-235 AD
AE 26 mm; 10.64 g
O: Confronting busts of Severus Alexander and Julia Mamaea
R:Draped figure of Demeter standing left, holding ears of corn and long torch, E to right.
Moesia Inferior, Markianopolis; Moushmov 739
d.s.laney
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(0238) GORDIAN III238 - 244 AD
AE 27 mm, 14.94 g
O: AYTOK K M ANT GOPDIANOC CEB. Laureate and draped bust, right.
R: MHT KOL KAPPHNWN. Turreted, veiled and draped bust of Tyche, left, with small figure (perhaps Aquarius or Apollo-Nebo) on a base or pedestal before her.
Mesopotamia, Carrhae cf. SNG Hunterian 2499; SNG Cop. 187; BMC 55-6. laney
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(0238) GORDIAN III238-244 AD
Struck 241-242 (regnal year III)
AE 30 mm, 20.59 g
O: IMP-CAES-MANT-GORDIANVS-AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
R: PMSC_OL-VIM, female figure (Viminacium or Provincia Moesia) standing, facing left, between bull to left and lion to right; in ex. ANIII
Moesia, Viminacium,laney
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(0238) GORDIAN III238-244 AD
AE 29 mm, 14.89 g
O: [IMPCAESMANT]GORDIANVSAVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
R: PMSCOLVIM, female figure (Viminacium or Provincia Moesia) standing, facing left, between bull to left and lion to right
Moesia, Viminacium,laney
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(0333) CONSTANS333 - 337 (as Caesar)
337 - 350 AD (as Augustus)
struck ca. 348-350 AD.
AE2 Centenionalis 22.mm 4.02 g
O: DN CONSTANS PF AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust left, holding globe
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier advancing right, head left, holding spear pointed downwards between legs, leading small bare-headed figure from hut beneath a tree
CONSB in exe., Constantinoplelaney
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(0333) CONSTANS333 - 337 (as Caesar)
337 - 350 AD (as Augustus)
AE 22 mm, 3.55 g
O: CONSTANS P F AVG Diademed draped cuirassed bust left, holding globe
R: FEL TEMP REPARATIO Soldlier holding spear and leading figure from hut beneath gree
Heraclea mintlaney
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(0367) GRATIAN--REPARATIO (SISCIA)367 - 383 AD
AE 23 mm 4.37 g
O: D N GRATIANVS P F AVG, DIAD DR CUIR BUST R
R: REPARATIO REIPVB, EMPEROR STANDING LHOLDING VICTORY ON GLOBE AND RAISING KNEELING FEMALE FIGURE
*BSISC IN EXE
SISCIA MINTlaney
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(0367) GRATIAN--REPARATIO (ARLES)367 - 383 AD
AE 22.5 mm 5.59 g
O: DNANGRATIANVS P F AVG, DIAD DR CUIR BUST R
R: REPARATIO REIPVB, GRATIAN STANDING HOLDING VICORY ON GLOBE AND RAISING KNEELING FIGURE
PCON IN EXE
ARLES MINTlaney
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(0367) GRATIAN--REPARATIO (ARLES)367 - 383 AD
AE 24 mm 4.03 g
O: D N GRATIANVS P F AVG, DIAD DR CUIR BUST R
R: REPARATIO REIPVB, GRATIAN STANDING R OFFERING HAND TO KNEELING FIGURE
PCON IN EXE
ARLES MINTlaney
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(0367) GRATIAN--REPARATIO (ROME)367 - 383 AD
AE 24,5 mm max 4.50 g
O: D N GRATIANVS P F AVG, DIAD DR CUIR BUST R
R: REPARATIO REIPVG, GRATIAN STANDING HOLDING VICTORY ON GLOBE, AND OFFERING HAND TO KNEELING FIGURE
SMRQ IN EXE
ROME MINTlaney
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(0367) GRATIAN--REPARATIO (ROME)367 - 383 AD
AE 22 mm 4.82 g
O: D N GRATIANVS P F AVG, DIAD DR CUIR BUST R
R: REPARATIO REIPVG, GRATIAN STANDING HOLDING VICTORY ON GLOBE, AND OFFERING HAND TO KNEELING FIGURE
SMRT IN EXE
ROME MINT laney
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(0367) GRATIAN--REPARATIO (ROME)(0367) GRATIAN--REPARATIO (ROME)
367 - 383 AD
AE 23 mm, 5.41 g
O: D N GRATIANVS P F AVG, DIAD DR CUIR BUST R
R: REPARATIO REIPVG, GRATIAN STANDING HOLDING VICTORY ON GLOBE, AND OFFERING HAND TO KNEELING FIGURE
SMRB IN EXE
ROMElaney
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(0367) GRATIAN--REPARATIO (ROME)367 - 383 AD
AE 25.5 mm max, 5.37 g
O: D N GRATIANVS P F AVG, DIAD DR CUIR BUST R
R: REPARATIO REIPVG, GRATIAN STANDING HOLDING VICTORY ON GLOBE, AND OFFERING HAND TO KNEELING FIGURE
SMRQ IN EXE
ROME MINTlaney
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(05) CLAUDIUS (CERES)41 - 54 AD
AE 27 mm, 11.71 g
O: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG PM TR P IMP Bare headed bust of Claudius left
R: CERES AVGVSTA; SC IN EXE. Seated figure of Ceres left wearing veil, holding corn ear in right hand and torch across knee with left hand.
(Probably an unofficial imitative; note backward S in CERES and backward C in the SC on reverse.)laney
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(06) NERO--COUNTERMARKED54 - 68 AD
AE 19 mm 3.02 g
Phrygia, Akmoneia (probably L. Servenius Capito and his wife Iulia Severa. Struck circa 65 AD).
O: draped bust right; countermark: Asklepios holding snake-encircled staff
R: Zeus seated left, holding patera and sceptre
cf SNG von Aulock 3375 (same countermark).laney
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(0610) HERACLIUS610 - 641 AD
AE FOLLIS 26 mm max. 4.98 g
O: standing figure of Heraclius left and Heraclius Constantine right cross between their heads
R: Large M, officina letter Γ beneath, cross over letter C above, CON in exe.
CONSTANTINOPLE
laney
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(1143) MANUEL I, COMNENUS8 April 1143 - 24 September 1180 A.D.
AE TETRATERON 20 mm 3.19 g
O: CROSS WITH X AT CENTER STANDING ON 3 STEPS, IC TO L, XC TO R
R: MANMHΛ ΔεCΠOTH (or similar)
HALF LENGTH FIGURE OF MANUEL I FACING, WEARING LOROS AND CROWN AND HODING LABARUM AND BLOBUS CRUCIGER
THESSALONICA
SBCV 1976?
laney
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(1282) ANDRONICUS II & MICHAEL IXAndronicus II Palaeologus with Michael IX
1282 - 1328 AD
AE Assarion 21mm, 1.99 grams
O: Nimbate and facing bust of Archangel St. Michael holding scepter and globus cruciger.
R: Facing half length figure of Christ blessing the two emperors who kneel before him.
Constantinople mint; Sear2435 // DOC677-80
laney
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(500a) Roman Republic, 119 BC, M. Furius Philius - Furia 18Roman Republic, 119 BC, M. Furius Philius - Furia 18. Crawford 281/1, Sydenham 529; 19mm, 3.23 grams. aVF, Rome; Obverse: laureate head of Janus, M FORVRI L F around; Reverse: Roma standing left erecting trophy, Galic arms around, PHLI in exergue. Ex Ephesus Numismatics.
Gauis Marius
As a novus homo, or new man, Marius found the rise in the Roman cursus honorum ( "course of honours"-- the sequential order of public offices held by aspiring politicians in the Roman Republic) a daunting challenge. It is certain that he used his old family client contacts and his military relations as a source of support. Among these contacts were the powerful Metelli family, and their early support was to prove to be a disaster for them. Just a few short years after his service as Quaestor, Marius was elected Tribune of the Plebes in 119 BC. In this position so soon after the political turmoil and murder of the Gracchi brothers (Gaius murdered 123 BC), Marius chose to follow the populares path, making a name for himself under similar auspices. As Tribune, he would ensure the animosity of the conservative faction of the Senate, and the Metelli, by passing popular laws forbidding the inspection of ballot boxes. In do doing, he directly opposed the powerful elite, who used ballot inspection as a way to intimidate voters in the citizen assembly elections.
Marius would go on to be elected Consul seven times and figure prominantly in the civil unrest of the early eighties as Lucius Cornelius Sulla's opponent. In 88 BC, Sulla had been elected Consul. There was now a choice before the Senate about which general to send to Asia (a potentially lucrative command): either Marius or Sulla. The Senate chose Sulla, but soon the Assembly appointed Marius. In this unsavory episode of low politics, Marius had been helped by the unscrupulous actions of Publius Sulpicius Rufus, whose debts Marius had promised to erase. Sulla refused to acknowledge the validity of the Assembly's action.
Sulla left Rome and traveled to "his"army waiting in Nola, the army the Senate had asked him to lead to Asia. Sulla urged his legions to defy the Assembly's orders and accept him as their rightful leader. Sulla was successful, and the legions murdered the representatives from the Assembly. Sulla then commanded six legions to march with him opon Rome and institute a civil war.
This was a momentous event, and was unforeseen by Marius, as no Roman army had ever marched upon Rome—it was forbidden by law and ancient tradition.
Sulla was to eventually rule Rome as Dictator. In his book Rubicon, historian Tom Holland argues that Sulla's actions had no lasting negative effect upon the health of the Republic, that Sulla was at heart a Republican. However, once a Roman general has defied Republican tradition, once a Roman general has used his command to combat fellow Romans, once a Roman general has set-up himself as Dictator--it follows that the decision to replicate these decsions (think: Caesar and Rubicon) is that much more easiely taken.
J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
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(741-775) Sizilien Follis Constantin LeoConstantin V. mit Leo IV., 741-775
CONSTANTIN V et LÉON IV
(6/06/751-14/09/775)
Sur les monnaies de Constantin V, le portrait du fondateur de la dynastie isaurienne, Léon III (720-741) figure souvent au revers. Cette dynastie devait durer presque cent ans jusqu'à la déposition d'Irène, femme de Léon IV, mère de Constantin VI qu'elle fit aveugler pour régner seule.B*Numis
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*SOLD*Tiberius AE 29
Attribution: RPC 738, Zeugitana, Utica
Date: AD 28-29
Obverse: TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVG IMP VIII, bare head l.
Reverse: C VIBIO MARSO PR COS II SEX TADIVS FAVSTVS IIV, veiled figure of Livia seated r. holding scepter & patera M-M and I-V across fields
Size: 29.3 mm
Weight: 12.38 grams
ex-ForvmNoah
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*SOLD*Caracalla AE25
Attribution: Varbanov (E) 3445, Jurukova 294, Hadrianopolis
Date: AD 198-217
Obverse: AVT K M AVP CEV ANT Ω NEINOC, laureate bust r.
Reverse: A Δ PIANO Π O Λ EIT Ω N naked figure of Bonus Eventus stg. l. holding patera & branch, lit altar to l. at feet
Size: 23.5 mmNoah
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0003 Hero Wrestling Bull Protome Facing Left with Lotus Flower and Bridled Horse Facing RightThessaly Greece, the City of Larissa
Obv: bull head and neck l., head turned to face the viewer, on the r. and behind half figure of the hero Thessalos1 to l., grasping the bull by the horns. Lotus flower above. All within border of dots.
Rev: Λ-ΑR-Ι in front and above (retrograde), head and neck of bridled horse r. All within incuse square.
Denomination: silver obol; Mint: Larissa; Date: c. 462/1 - 460 BC2; Weight: .86g; Diameter: 10mm: Die axis: 210º; References, for example: Liampi Corpus p. 101, IA (V1-R1), pl. 4, 1 and 2 and 3; BCD Thessaly I 1103.
Notes:
1Considered the ancestor of all Thessalians. The figure is also sometimes considered to be Jason (of Jason and the Argonauts), who according to one tradition was the father of Thessalos (HGC 4, p. 132).
2This is the date given in BCD Thessaly I.
Provenance: Ex Leu Numismatik February 27, 2021, From a European collection formed before 2005.
Photo Credits: Leu Numismatik
CLICK FOR SOURCES
Tracy Aiello
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0004 Hero Wrestling Bull Protome Facing Right and Bridled Horse Facing RightThessaly Greece, the City of Larissa
Obv: bull head and neck r., head turned to face the viewer, on the l. and behind half figure of the hero Thessalos1 to r. with l. arm over the bull's neck and r. hand below the bull's muzzle. All within border of dots.
Rev:[Λ]Α r. and upwards, head and neck of bridled horse r. All within incuse square.
Denomination: silver obol; Mint: Larissa; Date: c. 460 - 440 BC2; Weight: 1.01g; Diameter: 11mm: Die axis: 180º; References, for example: Liampi Corpus p. 102, 6 (V4-R5), Pl. 4, 13 and 14; BCD Thessaly II 353.3; HGC 4, 480.
Notes:
1Considered the ancestor of all Thessalians. The figure is also sometimes considered to be Jason (of Jason and the Argonauts), who according to one tradition was the father of Thessalos (HGC 4, p. 132).
2This is the date given in HGC 4.
Provenance: Ex Numismatik-Naumann November 14, 2020.
Photo Credits: Numismatik-Naumann
CLICK FOR SOURCES
Tracy Aiello
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00041 Hero Wrestling Bull Protome Facing Left and Bridled Horse Facing RightThessaly Greece, the City of Larissa
Obv: bull head and neck l., head turned to face the viewer, on the r. and behind half figure of the hero Thessalos to l. with r. arm over the bull’s neck and l. hand below the bull’s muzzle. All within border of dots.
Rev: ΑΛ r. and upwards, head and neck of bridled horse r. All within incuse square.
Denomination: silver obol; Mint: Larissa; Date: c. 460 - 440 BC; Weight: 1.03g; Diameter: 10.5mm: Die axis: 270º; References, for example: Liampi Corpus p. 102 no. 4b (V3-R3) for weight and die axis, pl. 4, 8 for depiction; SNG München 43; BCD Thessaly II 353.2; HGC 4 479.
Provenance: Ex CGB Numismatics January 2, 2023.
Photo Credits: CGB Numismatics
CLICK FOR SOURCESTracy Aiello
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0006 Rider and Larissa SeatedThessaly Greece, the City of Larissa
Obv: Rider on a horse prancing r. on groundline, holding a single spear transversally with petasos flying backwards and chlamys on his back, beneath horse's belly a lion's head facing r. Border of dots or small grains.1
Rev: The nymph Larissa2 seated r. on a chair with a back ending in a swan's head, r. hand resting on her lap or thigh and holding a phiale, l. arm raised with palm forward,3 Λ and Α above to l. and r. of head with R and Ι to r. of body turned 90º and downward, all within a shallow incuse square.
Denomination: silver trihemiobol; Mint: Larissa; Date: mid- to late 5th Century BC4; Weight: 1.28g5; Diameter: 13mm; Die axis: 60º; References, for example: BMC Thessaly p. 25, 13; Warren 687 var. No mention of lion's head; Weber 2838; Traité IV, 651, pl. CCXCVI, 9; Herrmann Group II, pl. I, 7; Boston MFA 875 var. no lion's head and reference to two spears; Lorber 2008 pl. 41, 5; BCD Thessaly II 154; HGC 4, 466.
Notes:
1Forrer, BCD Thessaly II, and Hoover refer to the border as composed of dots; Babelon refers to the border as composed of small grains.
2Herrmann does not associate the figure on the reverse with the nymph Larissa. Instead he refers to the figure as a "sitting male" and cites two examples from Berlin and Warren 687 as having the indication of beards (p.9). He declares that the meaning [interpretation] of the sitter cannot be determined, but he invites us to think of a deity (p. 11). Brett in Boston MFA follows Herrmann's interpretation.
3Forrer and BCD Thessaly II state that Larissa is holding a mirror, Hoover mentions only that the arm is raised, Babelon indicates that the left arm is raised with palm forward, and Herrmann describes the left hand as raised in an "adoring gesture". On the coin here the left hand clearly has the thumb separated from the rest of the fingers with the palm facing forward; there is no indication that the hand is holding anything. I wonder what the intention of the gesture could have been.
4Dates in the sources cited here run the gamut of the 5th Century BC. Herrmann: c. 500 - 479 BC; Babelon: c. 470 - 430 BC; HGC: c. 440 - 420 BC; Forrer: c. 430 - 400 BC. In light of Kagen (2004) and his belief that Herrmann's Group I ended c. 460 BC it seems appropriate to choose the date range specified in BCD Thessaly II.
5Herrmann argues that Group II was struck on the Persian weight standard. (He believed that the same held true for Group I). Kagan (2004) demonstrates that Larissain coinage was not struck on the Persian weight standard.
The city of Larissa was named after the local water nymph, said to be the daughter of Pelasgos. He was said to be the ancestor of the pre-Greek Pelasgians. According to myth Larissa drowned while playing ball on the banks of the Peneios river. (HGC 4 p. 130).
Provenance: Ex Nomos AG December 8, 2019.
Photo Credits: Nomos AG
CLICK FOR SOURCESTracy Aiello
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0008 Thessalos Wrestling Bull Left, Horse Prancing RightThessaly Greece, the City of Larissa
Obv: The hero Thessalos1 to l. naked, except for chlamys and petasos both attached to his neck by a cord and flying in the air, wrestling a bull charging l., plant to l. and below between Thessalos' legs, [TO in exergue?]. All within a border of dots.
Rev: ΛΑ above, ΡΙΣΑ below (retrograde), bridled horse prancing r. with loose rein. All within incuse square.
Denomination: silver drachm; Mint: Larissa; Date: c. 440 - 420 BC2; Weight: 5.47g; Diameter: 19.5mm: Die axis: 90º; References, for example: Weber 2834 var. no mention of plant between legs or TO in obv. exergue; Herrmann Group III Series C pl. II, 1; BCD Thessaly I 1123 var. reverse legend; BCD Thessaly II 366.1; HGC 4, 416 var. no mention of plant between legs.
Notes:
1Considered the ancestor of all Thessalians. The figure is also sometimes considered to be Jason (of Jason and the Argonauts), who according to one tradition was the father of Thessalos (HGC 4, p. 132).
2This is the date given in HGC 4. According to Lorber 2008 this coin should be placed in the revived bull wrestling drachm coinage, beginning c. 450 - 440 BC.
Provenance: Ex CNG Electronic Auction 465 Lot 74 April 8, 2020 (from the Frank M. Martin collection)
Photo Credits: CNG
CLICK FOR SOURCESTracy Aiello
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0009 Thessalos Wrestling Bull Right, Horse Prancing RightThessaly Greece, the City of Larissa
Obv: The hero Thessalos1 to r. naked, except for chlamys around his shoulders and petasos, flying in the air, attached to his neck by a cord, holding with both hands a band that is around the forehead of a bull leaping r. All within a border of dots (not here visible).
Rev: ΛΑΡΙ above, Σ to the r. (not here visible), ΙΑ below (not here visible), bridled horse with trailing rein prancing r., no ground line. All within incuse square.
Denomination: silver drachm; Mint: Larissa; Date: c. 420 - 400 BC2; Weight: 6.06g; Diameter: 18mm: Die axis: 270º; References, for example: Lorber 2008, pl. 43, 59 (same dies); BCD Thessaly II 372.7 (same dies); HGC 4, 423 (same obv.).
Notes:
1Considered the ancestor of all Thessalians. The figure is also sometimes considered to be Jason (of Jason and the Argonauts), who according to one tradition was the father of Thessalos (HGC 4, p. 132).
2This is the date given in HGC 4. According to Lorber 2008 this coin should be placed in the revived bull wrestling drachm coinage, beginning c. 450 - 440 BC.
This type is related to the Thessalian sport of bull wrestling (taurokathapsia) "...regularly showcased at the Taureia games honoring Poseidon Taureios." (HGC 4, p. 132).
Provenance: Ex Shanna Schmidt Numismatics May 28, 2019; from the BCD collection, reportedly found 8 kms west of Pharsalus, May 1997.
Photo credits: Shanna Schmidt Numismatics
CLICK FOR SOURCESTracy Aiello
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00091 Thessalos Wrestling Bull Left, Horse Galloping RightThessaly Greece, the City of Larissa
Obv: The hero Thessalos1 to l. naked, except for chlamys around his shoulders and petasos, flying in the air, attached to his neck by a cord, holding with both hands the head of a bull leaping l. All within a border of dots.
Rev: ΛΑΡΙ above to the r., ΣΑΙΑ below to the r., bridled horse galloping r., ground line. All within incuse square.
Denomination: silver drachm; Mint: Larissa; Date: c. 420 - 400 BC2; Weight: 5.83g; Diameter: 19mm: Die axis: 180º; References, for example: Herrmann Group III Series H Rev. I; BCD Thessaly II 174; HGC 4, 420.
Notes:
1Considered the ancestor of all Thessalians. The figure is also sometimes considered to be Jason (of Jason and the Argonauts), who according to one tradition was the father of Thessalos (HGC 4, p. 132).
2This is the date given in HGC 4. According to Lorber 2008 this coin should be placed in the revived bull wrestling drachm coinage, beginning c. 450 - 440 BC.
Provenance: Ex Gorny and Mosch Auction 269 Lot 298
March 3, 2020; Ex Gorny & Mosch Auction 212 Lot 1461 March 5 and 6, 2013
Photo credits: Gorny and Mosch
CLICK FOR SOURCESTracy Aiello
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