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Home ▸ Catalog ▸ |Themes & Provenance| ▸ |Personifications| ▸ |Africa||View Options:   | | | |
This is perhaps the last numismatic depiction of a silphium plant.
The Crassus in named on this coin cannot be the wealthy triumvirate colleague of Julius Caesar and Pompey, who died in 53 B.C., long before this coinage. This Crassus is almost certainly his grandson, Marcus Licinius Crassus the Younger. He fought with Sextus Pompey but transferred his loyalty to Marc Antony in c. 36 B.C. Under Mark Antony he was responsible for Crete and Cyrene. Shortly before Actium, Crassus defected to Octavian. He was consul in 30 B.C., triumphed in 27 B.C., and died long after.GB96100. Bronze quadrans, RPC Online I 918 (12 spec.); BMC Cyrenaica p. 64, 26; Asolati 149a-b; SNG Cop 1312; Müller Afrique -, VF, brown tone, well centered, porous, edge cracks/splits, beveled obverse edge, weight 3.366 g, maximum diameter 17.3 mm, die axis 180o, Kyrene (near Shahhat, Libya) mint, magistrate Crassus, c. 37 - 36 B.C.; obverse KPA (Crassus), head of Libya right, with corkscrew curls; reverse silphium plant, K-Y/P-A (Kyrene) flanking in two divided lines; rare;
Galerius, 1 March 305 - 5 May 311 A.D.
In March 297, Maximian began an offensive against nomadic Berber tribes that were harassing settlements in North Africa. He spent the winter of 297 - 298 resting in Carthage. Not content to drive them back into their homelands in the Atlas Mountains, from which they could continue to wage war, Maximian ventured deep into Berber territory. The terrain was unfavorable, the Berbers were skilled at guerrilla warfare, but Maximian pressed on. He killed as many as he could and drove the remainder back into the Sahara. On 10 March 298, he made a triumphal entry into Carthage. Inscriptions there record the people's gratitude to Maximian, hailing him, as "redditor lucis aeternae" (restorer of the eternal light). Maximian returned to Italy in early 299 to celebrate another triumph in Rome.RB93352. Bronze follis, RIC VI Carthago 26b, SRCV IV 14336, cf. Cohen VII 28 (obv. leg.), Hunter V -, Choice gVF, well centered, some silvering, weight 9.462 g, maximum diameter 27.4 mm, die axis 180o, 4th officina, Carthage mint, as caesar, c. 298 A.D.; obverse MAXIMIANVS NOB CAES, laureate head right; reverse FELIX ADVENT AVGG NN (Happy arrival of our emperors), Africa standing facing, head left, wearing elephant scalp headdress, standard in right hand, elephant tusk in left hand, lion on top of bull carcass at feet on left, I (for Iovi - Diocletian and his caesar Galerius were the "Jovian" rulers) left, PK∆ in exergue; from the Errett Bishop Collection;
Commodus, March or April 177 - 31 December 192 A.D.
This reverse is a good example of how the Romans used the coins as propaganda media: Commodus (who claimed to be Hercules reincarnated) maintains the grain supply (clasps hands with Africa, the largest grain supplier of that time).RS95351. Silver denarius, RIC III 259a (R), RSC II 643, BMCRE IV 356, Hunter II 67, SRCV II 5687, Choice F, well centered, flow lines, bumps, edge ragged with small splits/cracks, weight 2.544 g, maximum diameter 20.1 mm, die axis 0o, Rome mint, 192 A.D.; obverse L AEL AVREL COMM AVG P FEL, laureate head right; reverse PROVIDENTIAE AVG (to the foresight of the Emperor), Africa (on left) standing right, wearing elephant scalp headdress, lion crouching right at feet on far side, sistrum in right hand, offering grain to Hercules with right hand; Hercules (on right) standing left, nude, right foot on prow, receiving grain with right hand, club in left hand resting on tree stump; rare;
Ptolemaic Kyrenaica, Ptolemy III Euergetes - Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II, 246 - 116 B.C.
The fabric and style of this type varies considerably, indicating the type was likely struck over a long period.GP93409. Bronze obol, Lorber CPE B487; Svoronos 871; Weiser 103; SNG Cop 443; BMC Cyrenaica p. 83, 44; SNG Milan 449, F, toned brass, dark fields, bumps and marks, central depressions, weight 7.712 g, maximum diameter 21.5 mm, die axis 0o, Kyrene (near Shahhat, Libya) mint, c. 245 - 140 B.C.; obverse diademed head of Ptolemy I Soter right, wearing aegis, central impression; reverse ΠTOΛEMAIOY BAΣIΛEΩΣ (King Ptolemy), head of Libya right, wearing tainia and necklace, hair in formal curls down neck, double cornucopia below chin, central impression; from the Errett Bishop Collection;
Diocletian, 20 November 284 - 1 May 305 A.D.
In 303, Diocletian, Maximian, Galerius, and Constantius issued a series of edicts rescinding the legal rights of Christians and demanding that they comply with traditional religious practices. About 3,000 Christians died in the persecutions, many more were imprisoned and tortured, but most Christians avoided punishment.RB94249. Billon follis, RIC VI Carthago 29a (S), Hunter V 62, SRCV IV 12828, Cohen VI 438, VF, full border centering, dark brown patina, reverse strike partially flat, pitting, weight 9.377 g, maximum diameter 27.5 mm, die axis 180o, Carthage (near Tunis, Tunisia) mint, c. 298 - 299 A.D.; obverse IMP DIOCLETIANVS P F AVG, laureate head right, smaller head; reverse SALVIS AVGG ET CAESS FEL KART, Carthago standing slightly right, head left, holding up fruits in both hands, A in exergue;
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