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Image search results - "Clodius"

Denarius - 42 BC.
P. CLODIVS M.f. - Gens Claudia
Obv.: Laureate head of Apollo right, lyre behind
Rev.: Diana "Lucifera" standing facing, with bow and quiver over shoulder, holding lighted torch in each hand; P CLODIVS right, M F on left.
Gs. 3,3 mm. 19x18
Craw. 494/23, Sear RCV 492

Maxentius

24.5 Clodius Albinus DenariusCLODIUS ALBINUS
as Caesar
AR Denarius

O: CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES, bare head right

R: MINER PACIF COS II, Minerva standing facing with olive branch, shield & spear.

RIC 7, RSC 48, Sear 6144

Ex Tom Vossen Coins
RI0130Sosius

Clodius Albinus Denarius RIC 11, RSC 61, BMC 43 D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES, bare head right / ROMAE AETERNAE, Roma seated left on shield, holding palladium & spear.
Maximum Diameter: 17.7 mm
Weight: 3.20 g 4 commentsTheEmpireNeverEnded

P. Clodius M.f. TurrinusMoneyer issues of Imperatorial Rome. P. Clodius M.f. Turrinus. 42 BC. AR Denarius (19mm, 3.89 g, 1h). Rome mint. Laureate head of Apollo right; lyre behind / Diana Lucifera standing right, bow and quiver on her shoulder, holding torch in each hand. Crawford 494/23; CRI 184; Sydenham 1117; Claudia 15. Good VF, toned, a few minor scratches beneath the toning.

From the RAJ Collection. Ex CNG Inventory 914993 (2012 NYINC); Sincona 4 (25 October 2011), lots 4160 or 4161 (part of), includes ticket from a French Collectio
1 commentsecoli

(0193) CLODIUS ALBINUS193 - 195 AD
AR Denarius 17 mm, 2.47 g
O: D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES; bare bust of Clodius Albinus right
R.: MINER PA-CIF COS II; Minerva standing left, holding olive branch in right hand, spear in left hand, and resting on shield
Rome; RIC IV 7laney

001v2. Roman MoneyersP. CLODIUS M.F. TURRINUS. Denarius (42 BC). Rome. Obv: Laureate head of Apollo right; lyre to left. Rev: P CLODIVS / M F. Diana standing right, holding lighted torch in each hand. Crawford 494/23; CRI 184. 3.50 g., 20 mm. Naumann Auction 103, lot 489.
lawrence c

001v2. Roman Moneyers ClodiusP. Clodius M. f. Turrinus
AR Denarius.
Obv: Laureate head of Apollo right, lyre behind. Rev: P•CLODIVS / M•F, Diana Lucifera standing right, with bow and quiver over shoulder, holding a lighted torch in each hand. 17.09mm, 3.32 g. Crawford 494/23.
lawrence c

007a. Civil Wars 68-69The Civil Wars erupted in Gaul in March 68 under the leadership of Vindex, quickly followed by Galba in Spain. Vindex was beaten, but Galba's revolt continued. Clodius Macer also rose up in Africa. About a year later, in March 69, pro-Vitellian forces rose up in Gaul. Finally, in late 69, a separate widespread revolt under the leadership of Julius Civilis erupted in Southern Gaul, but eventually was crushed. Some portrait coins were struck, but the majority of coinage from the firsy period was one of three types: 1) denarii with the portrait of Augustus; 2) denarii with symbolic devices; and 3) bronze coins of Nero that were overstruck with SPQR lawrence c

008a. Clodius MacerDuring his revolt in 68 AD, Clodius Macer issued very rare portrait denarii.lawrence c

014 - FVLVIAFulvia was an aristocratic Roman woman who lived during the Late Roman Republic. She gained access to power through her marriage to Publius Clodius Pulcher, Gaius Scribonius Curio, and Mark Antony.

for obverse, reverse and coin details click here

shanxi

0163 - Denarius Clodius Albinus 194-5 ACObv/ D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES, head of C.A. r.
Rev/ MINER PACIF COS II, Minerva helmeted and draped, standing facing, head l., spear leaning on arm, holding branch and leaning on shield.

Ag, 18.8 mm, 3.28 g
Mint: Roma.
BMCRE V/96 – RIC IV.1/7 [R]
ex-CNG, auction e273, lot 432dafnis

024a. Pescennius NigerUsurper April/May 193 -- Spring/Summer 194

Governor in Syria. In response to the elevation of Didius, Pescennius was one of three provincial governors who was proclaimed emperor by troops. The other two were Clodius Albinus and Septimius Severus. Pescennius fought a battle in Cilicia with Severus for power. Lost and was executed.lawrence c

025a. Clodius AlbinusOf North African origin. He was governor of Britain when Didius assumed throne, and he was proclaimed as emperor by his troops. When Severus beat him to Rome, Severus offered him the office of Caesar; perhaps naively, Clodius accepted. When Severus reneged, Clodius rose against him. In a battle fought in Lugdunum, Clodius lost and either was killed or committed suicide. His head was then displayed in Rome.
lawrence c

025a01. Clodius AlbinusDenarius. Rome. 18mm, 3.43 g. Obv: D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES. Bare head right. Rev: MINER PACIF COS II. Minerva standing left, holding branch and spear, and resting hand upon shield to right. RIC 7. lawrence c

025a02. Clodius AlbinusDenarius. Obv: D CL SEPT ALBIN CAES, bare head right. Rev: ROMAE AETERNAE, Roma seated left on shield, holding Palladium and sceptre. RIC 11.lawrence c

025a03. Clodius AlbinusAs Caesar, AD 193-195. Æ Sestertius (27mm, 21.70 g, 12h). Rome mint. Struck under Septimius Severus, AD 194-195. Bare head right / Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and scepter. RIC IV 52b; Banti 6. Dark brown patina with some green. In NGC encapsulation 6158025-006, graded Fine. CNG Auction 556, Lot 576.lawrence c

04 - Personalities of the EmpireCommodus, Crispina, Pertinax, Didius Julianus, Manlia Scantilla, Didia Clara, Pescennius Níger, Clodius Albinus, Septimius Severus, Julia Domna, Caracalla, Plautilla, Geta and Macrinusmdelvalle

045 clodius Albinus. AR Denariusobv: D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAE bare head r.
rev: MINER PA_CIF COS II Minerva helmeted std. l. holding olive branch
and shield on ground r., spear agenst l. arm1 commentshill132

048 Clodius Albinus (193-196 A.D. Caesar, 195-196 A.D. Augustus ), Rome, RIC IV-I 001a, AR-Denarius, PROVID AVG COS, Providentia standing left, Rare! #1048 Clodius Albinus (193-196 A.D. Caesar, 195-196 A.D. Augustus ), Rome, RIC IV-I 001a, AR-Denarius, PROVID AVG COS, Providentia standing left, Rare! #1
avers: D CLODIVS AL BINVS (C)AES, Bare head right. (Legends error, "C" missed in CAES)
reverse: PROVID AVG COS, Providentia standing left, holding wand over globe and scepter.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,0-18,4mm, weight: 2,79g, axis: 0h ,
mint: Rome, date: 193 A.D.,
ref: RIC IV-I 1a, p-44, C-58, S,
Q-001quadrans

048 Clodius Albinus (193-196 A.D. Caesar, 195-196 A.D. Augustus ), Rome, RIC IV-I 001c, AR-Denarius, PROVID AVG COS, Providentia standing left, Rare! #1048 Clodius Albinus (193-196 A.D. Caesar, 195-196 A.D. Augustus ), Rome, RIC IV-I 001c, AR-Denarius, PROVID AVG COS, Providentia standing left, Rare! #1
avers: D CL SEPT ALBIN CAES, Bare head right.
reverse: PROVID AVG COS, Providentia standing left holding wand over globe and scepter.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 15,7-18,2mm, weight: 2,38g, axis: 6h ,
mint: Rome, date: 193 A.D.,
ref: RIC IV-I 1c, p-44, C-55, Rare!
Q-0012 commentsquadrans

048 Clodius Albinus (193-196 A.D. Caesar, 195-196 A.D. Augustus ), Rome, RIC IV-I 002, AR-Denarius, COS II, Aesculapius standing left, Rare! #1048 Clodius Albinus (193-196 A.D. Caesar, 195-196 A.D. Augustus ), Rome, RIC IV-I 002, AR-Denarius, COS II, Aesculapius standing left, Rare! #1
avers: D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES, Bare head right.
reverse: COS II, Aesculapius standing left, naked to the waist, feeding serpent climbing up staff.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,0-17,8mm, weight: 3,24g, axis: 5h ,
mint: Rome, date: 195 A.D.,
ref: RIC IV-I 2, p-44, RSC 9, BMC 88, Sear 6140,
Q-0011 commentsquadrans

048 Clodius Albinus (193-196 A.D. Caesar, 195-196 A.D. Augustus ), Rome, RIC IV-I 011a, AR-Denarius, ROMAE AETERNAE, Roma seated left, Rare! #1048 Clodius Albinus (193-196 A.D. Caesar, 195-196 A.D. Augustus ), Rome, RIC IV-I 011a, AR-Denarius, ROMAE AETERNAE, Roma seated left, Rare! #1
avers: D CL SEPT AL BIN CAES, Bare head right.
reverse: ROMAE AE T ERNAE, Roma seated left on shield, holding Palladium and spear.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,5-17mm, weight: 2,68g, axis: 5 h ,
mint: Rome, date: 193 A.D.,
ref: RIC IV-I 11a, p-45, RSC 61, BMC 43, Sear 6146,
Q-001quadrans

063 - Clodius Albinus As - RIC 59 AE As
Obv:- D CL SEPT ALB CAES, Bare headed head right
Rev:- FORT REDVCI COS II, Fortuna, seated left holding rudder and cornucopia
Minted in Rome. A.D. 194 - A.D. 195
Reference:- BMCRE 547 note. RIC 59 (Rare)

Additional information from Curtis Clay:-

"Same dies as J. Hirsch 24, 1909, Weber 1793, Cat. 327 in my Oxford thesis.
The Fortuna Redux type is common on Albinus' sestertii, but rare on his denarii (4 spec. in Reka Devnia hoard) and on his asses. In my thesis I catalogued just eight specimens of the As, from two rev. dies. One of the rev. dies has wheel under seat, the other, from which your coin was struck, omits the wheel. Further specimens have turned up since 1972, but no new rev. dies.
Ragged flan as often and some pitting, but really quite a presentable specimen, in my opinion! "maridvnvm

063 - Clodius Albinus Denarius - RIC - Obv:- D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES, Bare head right
Rev: FECILITAS COS II, Felicitas standing half left, caduceus in right and scepter in left
Minted in Alexandria. A.D. 194
RIC -. Same devices and legends as RIC 4 but with the disctinctive Alexadrian style.
Rare maridvnvm

063 - Clodius Albinus Denarius - RIC 019Obv:- IMP CAE D CLO SEP ALB AVG, Laureate head right
Rev:- FIDES LEGION COS II, Legionary eagle between two standards
Minted in Lugdunum. November A.D. 195 to 19th February A.D. 196
Reference(s) - Cohen 21, RIC 19 (R). BMC 271. Giard 52.

The coinage of Albinus in Lugdunum began after he declared against Septimius Severus and continued until his defeat and death near Lugdunum.maridvnvm

063 - Clodius Albinus Denarius - RIC 023dObv:- IMP CAES D CLO SEP ALBIN AVG, Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev:- GEN LVG COS II, Genius of Lugdunum, standing facing, towered head left, vertical scepter in right hand, cornucopiae in left, eagle at feet to left and looking upward right
Minted in Lugdunum. November A.D. 195 to 19th February A.D. 196
Reference:- RIC 23d (R2) 2 commentsmaridvnvm

063 - Clodius Albinus Denarius - RIC 041Obv:- IMP CAES D CLO ALBIN AVG, Laureate head right
Rev:- SPE AVG COS II, Spes advancing left holding flower and raising skirt
Minted in Lugdunum. November A.D. 195 or 19th February A.D. 196
Reference(s) - Cohen 76. RIC 41 (R)maridvnvm

063 - Clodius Albinus Denarius - RIC 043a Obv:- IMP CAES CLO ALBIN AVG, Laureate head right
Rev:- SPES AVG COS II, Spes advancing left holding flower and raising skirt
Minted in Lugdunum. A.D. 195/196 to A.D. 197
Reference(s) - Cohen 76, RIC 42a (R)

The coinage of Albinus in Lugdunum began after he declared against Septimius Severus and continued until his defeat and death near Lugdunum in February A.D. 197. maridvnvm

073. Clodius Albinus (193-197 A.D.)Av.: D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES
Rv.: MINER PACIF COS II / S-C

AE Sestertius Ø28 / 22.4g
RIC 54a Rome, Cohen 49

073. Clodius Albinus.Denarius, 194-195 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES / bust of Clodius Albinus.
Reverse: MINER PACIF COS II / Minerva standing, holding olive branch, spear, and shield.
3.14 gm., 17 mm.
RIC #7; Sear #6144.Callimachus

086 - CLODIVS ALBINVSDecimus Clodius Albinus was a Roman general, senator and usurper who claimed the imperial title several times between 193 and 197.

for obverse, reverse and coin details click hereshanxi

1) The Caesarians: ClodiusP. Clodius M.f. Turrinus
42 B.C. AR denarius (19.4 mm, 3.51 g, 2 h). Rome.
Laureate head of Apollo right; lyre behind / ·M·F·, P·CLODIVS, Diana Lucifera standing right, holding two long torches.
Crawford 494/23; CRI 184; Sydenham 1117; RSC 15. gFine.
Ex Agora Auctions #1 - Nov 20133 commentsSosius

108. Didius Julianus193 A.D. - The Year of Five Emperors. On 1 January, the Senate selected Pertinax, against his will, to succeed the late Commodus as Emperor. The Praetorian Guard assassinated him on 28 March and auctioned the throne to the highest bidder, Didius Julianus, who offered 300 million sesterces. Outraged by the Praetorians, legions in Illyricum select Septimius Severus as emperor; in Britannia the legions select their governor Clodius Albinus, and in Syria the legions select their governor Pescennius Niger. On 1 June Septimius Severus entered the capital, put Julianus put to death and replaced the Praetorian Guard with his own troops. Clodius Albinus allied with Severus and accepted the title of Caesar. Pescennius Niger was defeated, killed and his head displayed in Rome.

SH67895. Orichalcum sestertius, RIC VI 14, BMCRE V 20, Cohen 3, Cayon III 1, SRCV II 6075, aF, weight 19.437 g, maximum diameter 27.6 mm, die axis 180o, Rome mint, obverse IMP CAES M DID SEVER IVLIAN AVG, laureate head right; reverse CONCORD MILIT, S - C, Concordia Militum standing half left, flanked by legionary eagle before in right and standard behind in left.

Ex-FORVM

1 commentsecoli

177-192 AD - COMMODUS AR denarius - struck 183 ADobv: M.COMMODVS ANTONINVS AVG PIVS (laureate head right)
rev: TRP VIII IMP VI COS IIII PP (Mars walking right with trophy & spear)
ref: RIC III 54, RSC 878
2.38gms, 17mm

In 183 AD Commodus assumed the title 'Pius'. War broke out in Dacia: few details are available but it appears two future contenders for the throne, Clodius Albinus and Pescennius Niger, both distinguished themselves in the campaign.berserker

179 Clodius AlbinusClodius Albinus, as Caesar,

AR Denarius 19 mm 3.34g

D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES, bare head right / MINER PACIF COS II, Minerva standing facing with olive branch, shield & spear. RIC 7, RSC 48. BMC 98

Ex Allan Barker Collection.

ex Mat1 commentsRandygeki(h2)

193 AD Clodius Albinus Caesar, Sestertius RIC 50Clodius Albinus Caesar, Sestertius, Rome mint 193 AD
Obv.: D [C]LODIVS AL - BINVS CAES , Head, bare, r.
Rev.: PROVID - AVG COS / S - C , Providentia standing l., holding wand over globe and sceptre.
RIC IV, part I, p. 51, no. 50 ; C 59

Decimus Clodius Septimius Albinus was born in Hadrumetum (modern Sousse in Tunisia) and came from a prominent senatorial family. He held high office under Marcus Aurelius and continued under Commodus, becoming consul in 187 and governor of Britain in 191. After the murder of Pertinax and the purchase of the Empire by Didius Julianus, Albinus, joined by his rivals Pescennius Niger and Septimius Severus, made preparations to march on Rome. Severus got there first and, in order to free himself for battle in the East, had Albinus proclaimed Caesar and made him his heir. Needless to say, after his defeat of Niger, Severus turned on Albinus and had him declared a public enemy in 195. Albinus was hailed emperor in Lugdunum in either late 195 or early 196, and spent the next year raising troops: Severus moved into Gaul with his army in 196 and in a huge battle outside Lugdunum on 19 February, defeated Albinus who then committed suicide.

my ancient coin database
1 commentsArminius

193-195 AD - CLODIUS ALBINUS Caesar AR denarius - struck 194-195 ADobv: D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES (bare head right)
rev: MINER PACIF COS II (Minerva standing facing with olive branch, shield & spear)
ref: RIC IVi 7, C.48 (12frcs)
mint: ? , 2.87gms, 17mm
Rare

Decimus Clodius Septimius Albinus, Governor of Britain and Gaul, was declared "Caesar of the West" in 193 and made co-regent with Severus late in 195. However, these concessions to his considerable power were only the means by which Severus averted a direct conflict with Albinus until he was ready for one. Early in 197 when Severus' own position was more secure, he attacked Albinus at Lugdunum (Lyons). Albinus was murdered or committed suicide on 19 February 197.berserker

194_Clodius_Albinus_As_RIC_57_1Clodius Albinus (194 – 196 AD)
AE As/Dupondius, Rome, 194 - 195
D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES;
Bare head right
COS II, S-C;
Aesculapius standing left, holding serpent-wreathed wand
7,66 gr, 27 mm
RIC IVa, 57; BMC V, 543; C. 11; CMB I, 1
ga77

194_Clodius_Albinus_As_RIC_61_1Clodius Albinus (194 – 196 AD)
AE As/Dupondius, Rome, 194 - 195
D CL SEPT ALBIN CAES;
Bare head right
SAECVLO FRVGIFERO COS II, S-C;
Saeculum Frugiferum, radiate, bare to waist, standing left, holding caduceus and trident
9,45 gr, 23 mm
RIC IVa, 61; BMC V, 548; C. 72; CMB I, 8
ga77

194_Clodius_Albinus_cast_As_RIC_57_2Clodius Albinus (194 – 196 AD)
AE cast As/Dupondius, uncertain Mint, 194 - 195
D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES;
Bare headed, draped and cuirassed bust right
COS II, S-C;
Aesculapius standing left, holding serpent-wreathed wand
6,74 gr, 24 mm
Cast after RIC IVa, 57; BMC V, 543; C. 11; CMB I, 2
ga77

1ae2 FulviaFirst wife of Marc Antony

ca 83-40 BC

AR Quinarius
Bust of Victory right with the likeness of Fulvia, III VIR R P C
Lion right between A and XLI; ANTONI above, IMP in ex

RSC 3, Syd 1163, Cr489/6

Fulvia was the first Roman non-mythological woman to appear on Roman coins. She gained access to power through her marriage to three of the most promising men of her generation, Publius Clodius Pulcher, Gaius Scribonius Curio, and Marcus Antonius. All three husbands were politically active populares, tribunes, and supporters of Julius Caesar. Fulvia married Mark Antony in 47 or 46 BC, a few years after Curio's death, although Cicero suggested that Fulvia and Antony had had a relationship since 58 BC. According to him, while Fulvia and Antony were married, Antony once left a military post to sneak back into Rome during the night and personally deliver a love letter to Fulvia describing his love for her and how he had stopped seeing the famous actress Cytheris. Cicero also suggested that Antony married Fulvia for her money. At the time of their marriage, Antony was an established politician. He had already been tribune in 49 BC, commanded armies under Caesar and was Master of the Horse in 47 BC. As a couple, they were a formidable political force in Rome, and had two sons together, Marcus Antonius Antyllus and Iullus Antonius.

Suetonius wrote, "[Antony] took a wife, Fulvia, the widow of Clodius the demagogue, a woman not born for spinning or housewifery, nor one that could be content with ruling a private husband, but prepared to govern a first magistrate, or give orders to a commander-in-chief. So that Cleopatra had great obligations to her for having taught Antony to be so good a servant, he coming to her hands tame and broken into entire obedience to the commands of a mistress. He used to play all sorts of sportive, boyish tricks, to keep Fulvia in good-humour. As, for example, when Caesar, after his victory in Spain, was on his return, Antony, among the rest, went out to meet him; and, a rumour being spread that Caesar was killed and the enemy marching into Italy, he returned to Rome, and, disguising himself, came to her by night muffled up as a servant that brought letters from Antony. She, with great impatience, before received the letter, asks if Antony were well, and instead of an answer he gives her the letter; and, as she was opening it, took her about the neck and kissed her."

After Julius Caesar was assassinated, Antony became the most powerful man in Rome. Fulvia was heavily involved in the political aftermath. After Caesar's death, the senate realized his popularity and declared that they would pass all of Caesar's planned laws. Antony had attained possession of Caesar's papers, and with the ability to produce papers in support of any law, Fulvia and Antony made a fortune and gained immense power. She allegedly accompanied Antony to his military camp at Brundisium in 44 BC. Appian wrote that in December 44 and again in 41 BC, while Antony was abroad and Cicero campaigned for Antony to be declared an enemy of the state, Fulvia attempted to block such declarations by soliciting support on Antony's behalf.

Antony formed the second triumvirate with Octavian (the future emperor Augustus) and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus on 43 BC and began to conduct proscriptions. To solidify the political alliance, Fulvia's daughter Clodia was married to the young Octavian. Appian and Cassius Dio describe Fulvia as being involved in the violent proscriptions, which were used to destroy enemies and gain badly needed funds to secure control of Rome. Antony pursued his political enemies, chief among them being Cicero, who had openly criticized him for abusing his powers as consul after Caesar's assassination. Though many ancient sources wrote that Fulvia was happy to take revenge against Cicero for Antony's and Clodius' sake, Cassius Dio is the only ancient source that describes the joy with which she pierced the tongue of the dead Cicero with her golden hairpins, as a final revenge against Cicero's power of speech.

In 42 BC, Antony and Octavian left Rome to pursue Julius Caesar's assassins, Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus. Fulvia was left behind as the most powerful woman in Rome. According to Cassius Dio, Fulvia controlled the politics of Rome. Dio wrote that "the following year Publius Servilius and Lucius Antonius nominally became consuls, but in reality it was Antonius and Fulvia. She, the mother-in‑law of Octavian and wife of Antony, had no respect for Lepidus because of his slothfulness, and managed affairs herself, so that neither the senate nor the people transacted any business contrary to her pleasure."

Shortly afterwards, the triumvirs then distributed the provinces among them. Lepidus took the west and Antony went to Egypt, where he met Cleopatra VII. When Octavian returned to Rome in 41 BC to disperse land to Caesar's veterans, he divorced Fulvia's daughter and accused Fulvia of aiming at supreme power. Fulvia allied with her brother-in-law Lucius Antonius and publicly endorsed Mark Antony in opposition to Octavian.

In 41 BC, tensions between Octavian and Fulvia escalated to war in Italy. Together with Lucius Antonius, she raised eight legions in Italy to fight for Antony's rights against Octavian, an event known as the Perusine War. Fulvia fled to Greece with her children. Appian writes that she met Antony in Athens, and he was upset with her involvement in the war. Antony then sailed back to Rome to deal with Octavian, and Fulvia died of an unknown illness in exile in Sicyon, near Corinth, Achaea.Blindado

1ai Augustus27 BC-14 AD

Denarius
Laureate head left, AVGVSTVS DIVI F
Apollo stg. Right, IMP XII

Van Meter notes that after about 15 BC, Augustus moved the production of gold and silver to Lugdunum and underscored the end of the moneyer issues by using "IMP" on the reverse.

RIC 180

Suetonius summarized Augusts' life in these words: He lost his father at the age of five (58BC). At twelve he delivered a funeral oration in honour of his grandmother Julia, Julius Caesar’s sister (51BC). At sixteen, having assumed the toga, he was decorated by Caesar during the African triumph (46BC) even though he had been too young to fight. When Caesar went to conquer Pompey’s sons in Spain (in 46BC), Augustus followed, despite still being weak from severe illness, and despite being shipwrecked on the way, with a minimal escort, over roads menaced by the enemy, so endearing himself greatly to Caesar, who quickly formed a high opinion of Augustus’ character, beyond merely his energetic pursuit of the journey.
After recovering the Spanish provinces, Caesar planned an expedition against the Dacians, to be followed by an attack on Parthia, and sent Augustus ahead (in 45BC) to Apollonia in Illyria, where he spent his time studying. When news came of Caesar’s assassination (in 44BC), and that the will named him as the main heir, Augustus considered seeking protection from the legions quartered there. However he decided it would be rash and premature, and chose to return to Rome, and enter on his inheritance, despite the doubts expressed by his mother, and strong opposition from his stepfather, the ex-consul Marcius Philippus.

Augustus went on to levy armies and rule the State; firstly for a twelve-year period (from 43BC to 30BC), initially with Mark Antony and Lepidus and then (from 33BC) with Antony alone; and later by himself for a further forty-four years (to his death in AD14).

In his youth he was betrothed to Servilia, the daughter of Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus, but on his reconciliation with Mark Antony following their first dispute, the troops begged them to become allied by some tie of kinship, and he married (in 43BC) Claudia, Antony’s stepdaughter, born to Fulvia and Publius Clodius Pulcher, even though Claudia was barely of marriageable age. However he quarrelled with Fulvia, and divorced Claudia before the marriage had been consummated.

Not long afterwards (in 40BC), he married Scribonia, whose previous husbands had been ex-consuls, and to one of whom she had borne a child. He divorced her also ‘tired’, he wrote, ‘of her shrewish ways,’ and immediately took Livia Drusilla from her husband Tiberius Nero though she was pregnant at the time (38BC), loving and esteeming her alone to the end.Blindado

1at Galba68-69

Denarius

Laureate head, right, SER GALBA IMP CAESAR AVG P M TR P
Victory standing on globe, VICTORIA PR

RIC 111

Suetonius recorded: Servius Galba, the future emperor was born on the 24th of December, 3BC, in the consulship of Marcus Valerius Messala and Gnaeus Lentulus, at a hillside mansion near Terracina, on the left of the road to Fundi (Fondi). He was formally adopted by his stepmother Livia Ocellina, and took the name Livius and the surname Ocella, also changing his forename to Lucius, until he became Emperor.

It is common knowledge that when calling on Augustus to pay his respects, with other boys of his age, the Emperor pinched his cheek, and said in Greek: ‘You too will have a taste of power, my child.’ And when Tiberius heard the prophecy that Galba would be emperor in old age, he commented: ‘Well let him be, it’s no concern of mine.’

Galba achieved office before the usual age and as praetor (in 20AD), controlling the games at the Floralia, he was the first to introduce a display of tightrope-walking elephants. He next governed Aquitania, for almost a year, and not long afterwards held the consulship for six months (in 33AD). When Caligula was assassinated (in 41AD), Galba chose neutrality though many urged him to seize the opportunity for power. Claudius expressed his gratitude by including him among his intimate friends, and Galba was shown such consideration that the expedition to Britain was delayed to allow him to recover from a sudden but minor indisposition. Later he was proconsul in Africa for two years (44/45AD), being singled out, and so avoiding the usual lottery, to restore order in the province, which was riven by internecine rivalry and an indigenous revolt. He re-established peace, by the exercise of ruthless discipline, and the display of justice even in the most trifling matters. . . .

But when word from the City arrived that Nero was dead and that the people had sworn allegiance to him, he set aside the title of governor and assumed that of Caesar. He then began his march to Rome in a general’s cloak, with a dagger, hanging from his neck, at his chest, and did not resume the toga until his main rivals had been eliminated, namely the commander of the Praetorian Guard in Rome, Nymphidius Sabinus, and the commanders in Germany and Africa, Fonteius Capito and Clodius Macer. . . . His prestige and popularity were greater while winning power than wielding it, though he showed evidence of being a more than capable ruler, loved less, unfortunately, for his good qualities than he was hated for his bad ones.

He was even warned of the danger of imminent assassination, the day before his death, by a soothsayer, as he offered the morning sacrifice. Shortly afterwards he learnt that Otho had secured the Guards camp, and when his staff advised him to carry the day by his presence and prestige, by going there immediately, he opted instead to stay put, but gather a strong bodyguard of legionaries from their billets around the City. He did however don a linen corselet, though saying that frankly it would serve little against so many weapons. False reports, put about by the conspirators to lure him into appearing in public, deceived a few of his close supporters, who rashly told him the rebellion was over, the plotters overthrown, and that the rest of the troops were on their way to congratulate him and carry out his orders. So he went to meet them, with such confidence, that when a soldier boasted of killing Otho, he snapped out: ‘On whose authority?’ before hastening on to the Forum. The cavalrymen who had been ordered to find and kill him, who were spurring through the streets scattering the crowds of civilians, now caught sight of him in the distance and halted an instant before galloping towards him and cutting him down, while his staff ran for their lives.Blindado

1br Clodius Albinus195-197

Denarius

Bare head, right, D CL SEPT ALBIN CAES
Roma seated on shield holding Palladium and scepter, ROMAE AETERNAE

RIC 11

According to the Historia Augusta, which in the case of Albinus is thought to be of dubious veracity: After the death of Pertinax, who was slain at Albinus' advice, various men were hailed emperor at about one and the same time by the senate Julianus at Rome, and by the armies, Septimius Severus in Illyricum, Pescennius Niger in the East, and Clodius Albinus in Gaul. According to Herodian, Clodius had been named Caesar by Severus. But as time went on, each chafed at the other's rule, and the armies of Gaul and Germany demanded an emperor of their own naming, and so all parts of the empire were thrown into an uproar. . . .

It is an undeniable fact, moreover, and Marius Maximus also relates it, that Severus at first intended to name Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus as his successors, in case aught befell him. Later, as it happened, in the interest of his growing sons, and through envy of the affection in which Albinus was held, and most of all becau-e of his wires entreaties, he changed his purpose and crushed both of them in war. But he did name Albinus consul, and this he never would have done had not Aibinus been a worthy man, since he was ever most careful in his choice of magistrate. . . .

As soon as he came of age he entered military service, and by the aid of Lollius Serenus, Baebius Maecianus and Ceionius Postumianus, all his kinsmen, he gained the notice of the Antonines. In the capacity of a tribune he commanded a troop of Dalmatian horse: he also commanded soldiers of the I and the IV legions. At the time of Avidius' revolt he loyally held the Bithynian army to its allegiance. Next, Commodus transferred him to Gaul; and here he routed the tribes from over the Rhine and made his name illustrious among both Romans and barbarians. This aroused Commodus' interest, and he offered Albinus the name of Caesar and the privilege, too, of giving the soldiers a present and wearing the scarlet cloak. But all these offers Albinus wisely refused, for Commodus, he said, was only looking for a man who would perish with him, or whom he could reasonably put to death. . . .

[A]fter a decisive engagement, where countless of his soldiers fell, and very many fled, and many, too, surrendered, Albinus also fled away and, according to some, stabbed himself, according to others, was stabbed by a slave. At any rate, he was brought to Severus only half alive. . . . Albinus' head was cut off and paraded on a pike, and finally sent to Rome.Blindado

200/2. Pinaria - as (155 BC)AE As (Rome, 155 BC)
O/ Laureate head of Janus; I above.
R/ Prow right; NAT above; I before; ROMA below.
26.59g; 33mm
Crawford 200/2 (13 specimens in Paris)

* Pinarius Natta:

This moneyer came from the old patrician gens Pinaria (Cicero, De Divinatione, ii. 21). Despite its ancestry, this gens produced very few noteworthy members, although some of them are recorded until the empire.

The cognomen Natta is old; the first known Pinarius to bear it was Lucius Pinarius Natta, Magister Equitum in 363, and Praetor in 349 BC. Then, nobody else of that name is recorded until our moneyer, and his probable brother (RRC 208, 150 BC), who are both completely unknown apart from their coins. Finally, the last Natta of the Republic was a Pontifex in 56, brother-in-law to Clodius Pulcher, the famous Tribune (Cicero, Pro Domo, 118). It seems that the Nattae had lost their political influence early, but retained some religious duties until the end of the Republic, as Cicero says that they learnt "their sacred ceremonies from Hercules himself" (Pro Domo, 134).

The Pinarii indeed claimed to descend from a mythical Pinarius, who had welcomed Hercules with a banquet when he came to Latium (Livy, i. 7). This myth was so deeply stuck in the Roman mythology that it was still used by Caracalla on an unique aureus (leu 93, lot 68).Joss

201a. JULIA DOMNAJULIA DOMNA, mother of Caracalla.

When Septimius Severus claimed the empire after Didius Julianus had succeeded Pertinax in 193, two serious rivals challenged him, Pescennius Niger in the East and Clodius Albinus in the West. Julia accompanied her husband in the campaign against Pescennius, having been honored with the title mater castrorum. After this successful campaign, there was another campaign in the East, against the Parthians, in 197. Afterwards, she was with Severus on a journey to Egypt and other parts of the empire. She was widely honored with inscriptions throughout this period, and numerous coin issues emphasized her imperial position.

She opposed Plautianus, the praetorian prefect and father-in-law of Caracalla, and was partially responsible for his downfall and his daughter Plautilla's disgrace. She was often accused of adultery; nonetheless, the emperor chose to ignore these charges, if true, and the marriage continued. Among her passions were literature and philosophy; she gathered writers and philosophers in a kind of salon, and urged Philostratus to write the life of Apollonius of Tyana.

In 212, Caracalla murdered Geta while he sought succor in his mother's arms; covered with his blood, she was forbidden by Caracalla to grieve. Her relationship with Caracalla during the six years of his reign was mixed. She had some public duties but largely devoted herself to philosophy. She accompanied Caracalla to the east on campaign against the Parthians in 217; when she learned, in Antioch, that he had been assassinated, she resolved upon death, which followed her refusal to take food.

AR Denarius
(19mm, 2.86 gm). IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG, draped
bust right / VESTA, Vesta, veiled, seated left,
holding simpulum and sceptre. RIC IV 391 (Caracalla); BMCRE 31 (same); RSC 226. EF. Ex-CNG
1 commentsecoli

201b. Clodius AlbinusBy the time Severus made it back from the east in 196, the breach with Albinus was beyond repair. The emperor's son Caracalla had been displayed to the army as Caesar and heir. Albinus had been proclaimed emperor and gone into open revolt, crossed the English Channel and gained the support of many aristocrats from Gaul and Spain. Lyon became Albinus' headquarters, from which he minted coins that wishfully hinted at reconciliation. Albinus had taken the title of Augustus, but he still kept the name Septimius.

Albinus was unable to expand his control eastward despite achieving a victory against the governor of Lower Germany. By the middle of the year 196, his momentum had stalled. Gaul was drenched in the blood of Roman soldiers as the two sides repeatedly engaged in indecisive battles.[[8]] The ever increasing chaos in the region even allowed an opportunist to raise his own army to harass Albinus' troops.[[9]]

Time was running out for Albinus. His troops were defeated early in 197 at Tournus, on the river Saône 65 miles north of Lyon.[[10]] Severus could now sweep his armies into Gaul. Albinus retreated to Lyon, where he prepared for one final stand. The battle, one of the fiercest in Roman history, took place 19 February 197 and involved more than 100,000 men.[[11]] In the initial fighting, Albinus' troops forced the Severans into retreat, during which Severus fell off his horse. But Albinus' success was shortlived. The Severan cavalry appeared, and Albinus' army was routed. The battlefield was strewn with bodies, and Severus' victorious troops were allowed to vent their anger by sacking Lyon. Albinus, who was trapped in a house along the river Rhône, committed suicide. Heis wife and children were be ordered killed by Severus, who also had Albinus' head cut off and sent to Rome for display.

Clodius Albinus had the breeding and upbringing to have been a popular emperor among the senatorial aristocracy, but he lacked the cunning and daring of his erstwhile ally and eventual rival Severus. Albinus would never be included among the canonical list of emperors, and his defeat finally ended the period of instability and civil war that originated with the death of Commodus.

CLODIUS ALBINUS, as Caesar. 193-195 AD. AR Denarius (17mm, 3.14 gm). Rome mint. Bare head right / Roma seated left on shield, holding Victory and reversed spear. RIC IV 11b; RSC 61a. VF. Ex - CNG2 commentsecoli

201b. Clodius AlbinusClodius Albinus

Governor of Britain at the death of the emperor Pertinax, Decimus Clodius Albinus attempted to seize the throne but ended up as Caesar in alliance with another imperial contender, Septimius Severus. After Severus defeated two other rivals, the now expendable Albinus was forced into another attempt at usurpation, an attempt that came to an end at the bloody battle of Lyon. Albinus, defeated and was trapped in a house along the river Rhine, committed suicide. Heis wife and children were be ordered killed by Severus, who also had Albinus' head cut off and sent to Rome for display.

AR Denarius. D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES, bare head right / FELICITAS COS II, Felicitas standing, head left, holding caduceus and scepter. RSC 15 var. Ex-Flan
ecoli

201c. Pescennius NigerGaius Pescennius Niger was governor of Syria in the year 193 when he learned of the emperor Pertinax's murder. Niger's subsequent attempt to claim the empire for himself ended in failure in Syria after roughly one year. His life before becoming governor of Syria is not well known. He was born in Italy to an equestrian family. He seems to have been older than his eventual rival Septimius Severus, so his birth should perhaps be placed ca. AD 135-40. Niger may have held an important position in the administration of Egypt. He won renown, along with Clodius Albinus, for participation in a military campaign in Dacia early in Commodus' reign. Although Niger could have been adlected into the senate before the Dacian campaign, he was by now pursuing a senatorial career and must have been held in high esteem by Commodus. Niger was made a suffect consul, probably in the late 180s, and he was sent as governor to the important province of Syria in 191.

Niger was a well-known and well-liked figure to the Roman populace. After Pertinax became emperor at the beginning of 193, many in Rome may have hoped that the elderly Pertinax would adopt Niger as his Caesar and heir, but Pertinax was murdered without having made succession plans. When Didius Julianus arrived at the senate house on 29 March 193, his first full day as emperor, a riot broke out among the Roman crowd. The rioters took over the Circus Maximus, from which they shouted for Niger to seize the throne. The rioters dispersed the following day, but a report of their demonstration may well have arrived in the Syrian capital, Antioch, with the news that Pertinax had been murdered and replaced by Julianus.

Spurred into action by the news, Niger had himself proclaimed emperor in Antioch. The governors of the other eastern provinces quickly joined his cause. Niger's most important ally was the respected proconsul of Asia, Asellius Aemilianus, and support began to spread across the Propontis into Europe. Byzantium welcomed Niger, who now was preparing further advances. Niger took the additional cognomen Justus, "the Just." Justice was promoted as the theme of his intended reign, and personifications of Justice appeared on his coins.

Other provincial governors, however, also set their sights on replacing Julianus. Albinus in Britain and Septimius Severus in Upper Pannonia (western Hungary) had each aspired to the purple, and Severus was marching an army on Rome. Severus was still 50 miles from the city when the last of Julianus' dwindling authority disappeared. Julianus was killed in Rome 1 June 193.

Niger sent messengers to Rome to announce his acclamation, but those messengers were intercepted by Severus. A deal was struck between Severus and Albinus that kept Albinus in Britain with the title of Caesar. The larger armies of the western provinces were now united in their support for Severus. Niger's support was confined to the east. Severus had Niger's children captured and held as hostages, and a legion was sent to confront Niger's army in Thrace.

The first conflict between the rival armies took place near Perinthus. Although Niger's forces may have inflicted greater casualties on the Severan troops, Niger was unable to secure his advance; he returned to Byzantium. By the autumn of 193, Severus had left Rome and arrived in the region, though his armies there continued to be commanded by supporters. Niger was offered the chance of a safe exile by Severus, but Niger refused.

Severan troops crossed into Asia at the Hellespont and near Cyzicus engaged forces supporting Niger under the command of Aemilianus. Niger's troops were defeated. Aemilianus attempted to flee but was captured and killed. Not long after, in late December 193 or early January 194, Niger was defeated in a battle near Nicaea and fled south to Antioch. Eastern provincial governors now switched their loyalty to Severus, and Niger faced revolts even in Syria. By late spring 194, the Severan armies were in Cilicia preparing to enter Syria. Niger and his army met the Severan troops near Issus. The battle was a decisive defeat for Niger, who fled back to Antioch. The Syrian capital that only one year earlier had cheered as Niger was proclaimed emperor now waited in fear for the approach of its new master. Niger prepared to flee once more, but outside Antioch he was captured and killed.

Despite his popularity with the Roman mob, Pescennius Niger lacked both the strong loyalty of other senatorial commanders and the number of soldiers that his rival Severus enjoyed. Niger was ultimately unable to make himself the true avenger of Pertinax, and his roughly one-year control of the eastern provinces never qualified him to be reckoned a legitimate emperor.

BITHYNIA, Caesarea. Pescennius Niger. AD 193-194. Æ 22mm (6.35 g). Laureate head right / KAICAREIAC GERMANIKHC, coiled serpent left. RG p. 282, 9, pl. XLIV, 8 (same dies); SNG Copenhagen -; SNG von Aulock -. Near VF, brown patina, rough surfaces. Very rare. Ex-CNG2 commentsecoli

202 AD., Septimius Severus, Rome mint, Denarius, RIC 248.Septimius Severus, Rome mint, 202 AD.,
Denarius (18-19 mm / 3.56 g),
Obv.: SEVERVS - PIVS AVG , laureate head of Septimius Severus right.
Rev.: ADVENT AVGG , Septimius Severus on horseback left, raising right hand and holding spear; before him, soldier (or Virtus?) holding vexillum and leading horse.
RIC 248 ; Hill, Severus 559 ; BMC 304 ; C. 1 .

Like many emperors of the 3rd Century, Septimius Severus often travelled great distances to meet the demands of warfare. This denarius, inscribed ADVENT AVGG, celebrates the return of Severus and his family to Rome after one of his many journeys – in this case a long absence in the East.
His journey was overdue, and it had been delayed only long enough for Severus to defeat Clodius Albinus, his rival Caesar in the West. In the summer of 197 Severus and his family embarked by sea from Italy to Asia Minor and immediately waged war against the Parthians, who had invaded Roman territory while Severus had been fighting Albinus in Gaul. By January, 198 Severus had scored a resounding, vengeful victory. The Romans gathered a great amount of booty, killed all of the men who had remained in the capital Ctesiphon, and took as slaves perhaps 100,000 women and children.
The royal family remained in the East throughout 198 to 201, and on January 1, 202, Severus and Caracalla jointly assumed the consulate in Antioch. It was the first time they had shared the honour, and was also the first time in more than forty years that two emperors had been consuls.
Probably soon after this ceremony the royal family began its arduous journey back to Italy, this time proceeding by land, up through Asia Minor to Bithynia, crossing the Propontis into Thrace, then seemingly tracking the Danube until they descended upon Italy.
Severus’ return was no ordinary event: not only had the royal family been gone for five years, but the yearlong celebration of Severus’ decennalia, his tenth year of power, had begun and the royal wedding of Caracalla was planned. The imperial adventus was celebrated with games, spectacles and donatives to the people and to the praetorian guards, who Dio Cassius tells us each received ten aurei.

my ancient coin database
2 commentsArminius

21 Clodius Albinus RIC 5cClodius Albinus, as Caesar. AR Denarius. Rome Mint. 193-195 AD. (3.08g, 17mm, 5h) Obv: D CL SEPT ALBIN CAES, Bare head right. Rev: FORT REDVCI COS II, Fortuna seated left, holding rudder set on globe and cornucopiae, wheel under seat.
RIC 5c.

Ex: Roma NumismaticsPaddy

23 Clodius AlbinusDenarius. IMP CAE D CLO SEP ALB AVG Laureate head right, seems to be lines of drapery on left shoulder. Reverse: SAECVLI FEL COS II Felicitas standing, head left, holding caduceus in right and branch in left. Suppose to be BMC 275-276, RIC 38, C 64 but no mention of drapery. Weight 2.55 gm. Die Axis 6 hr. mix_val

24-01 - P. CLODIUS M.f. TURRINUS (42 A.C.)AR Denarius 20 mm 3.7 gr

Anv: Busto de joven Apolo laureado viendo a derecha, Lira detrás.
Rev: Diana Lucífera estante a derecha, portando largas antorchas en sus manos y arco y carcaj en su hombro - "M·F" delante, "P·CLODIVS" detrás.

Ceca: Roma
Referencias: Sear RCTV Vol.1 #492 Pag.163 - Craw RRC #494/23 - Syd CRR #1117 - BMCRR #4290 - Sear CRI #184 - RSC Vol.1 Claudia 15 Pag.32 - Babelon I #15 Pag.356 - Catalle 2001 #793mdelvalle

379/1. Procilia - denarius (80 BC)AR Denarius (Rome, 80 BC)
O/ Laureate head of Jupiter right; S C downwards behind.
R/ Juno Sospita standing right, holding shield and hurling spear; snake before; L PROCILI/F downwards behind.
3.57g
Crawford 379/1 (104 obverse dies/116 reverse dies)

* Lucius Procilius:

The life of Procilius is sparsely known. Besides, he is the only recorded member of the gens Procilia for the Republic and the lack of a cognomen further indicates a humble origin. Dictionaries often record two different Procilius (a historian and a politician), but they were possibly the same person. Since there are 35 years between this denarius and the dated events of Procilius' life, the moneyer could have been the father of the politician and historian.

Regarding Procilius the historian, none of his writings has survived, even as fragments, but he is quoted by Varro about the origin of the Lacus Curtius on the Forum (Latin Language, v. 148), Pliny the Elder on a text related to Pompey (Natural History, viii. 2), and Cicero alludes that he wrote on Greek constitutions (Atticus, ii. 2). The scope of his works must have therefore been quite extensive. In the aforementioned letter, Cicero shows his dislike for Procilius, which is perhaps related to Procilius' political role.

Indeed, in other letters, Cicero mentions that Procilius was also a Tribune of the Plebs in 56, and that he was allied to Gaius Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger's cousin) and Marcus Nonius Sufenas, also Tribunes that year. They supported Publius Clodius Pulcher, Tribune in 59 and Aedile in 56, who -- as Tribune -- had banned Cicero from Rome for his repression of the Catiline Conspiracy, hence the animosity of Cicero towards Procilius. In 56, Pulcher and the three tribunes, including Procilius, prevented the elections from taking place, in order to force an interregnum, so that Crassus and Pompey could be chosen consuls for 55 (Cassius Dio, Roman History, xxxix. 27-33).

They used violence and bribery to prevent this election and were therefore sued. Cato and Sufenas were acquitted, but Procilius was found guilty on 4 July 54 (Cicero, Atticus, iv. 15). Apparently, he was not condemned for the complete illegality of his deeds, but because he had killed a man in his house; and Cicero complains that 22 judges on 49 still wanted to absolve him. In the following letter to Atticus (ii. 16), Cicero adds that there are rumors about Sufenas and his judges, possibly about corruption, but does not give more details.

The use of Juno Sospita refers to the town of Lanuvium, where she was worshiped, probably the hometown of Procilius.

Joss

421/1. Nonia - denarius (59 BC)AR Denarius (Rome, 59 BC)
O/ Head of Saturn right, head of a harpoon and conical stone behind; S C upwards behind; SVFENAS downwards before.
R/ Roma seated left on a pile of trophies, holding sceptre and sword, crowned by Victory standing behind; PR L V P F around; SEX NONI in exergue.
3.90g; 19mm
Crawford 421/1 (56 obverse dies/62 reverse dies)
- Collection of Walter Friedrich Stoecklin, Amriswil, Switzerland, before 1975. W. F. Stoecklin was the second member of a dynasty of coin collectors based in Switzerland.
- Obolos 9, lot 77.

* Marcus Nonius Sex.f. Sufenas:

Sufenas belonged to the plebeian gens Nonia, a relatively new gens at this time. He was the son of son of Sextus Nonius Sufenas, who had played a crucial part in 86 BC by leading the defection to Sulla among Fimbria's troops during the Civil War. Sulla then rewarded him with a praetorship in 81 BC. In turn, Sextus organised the first Victory games celebrating his patron (the Ludi Victoriae Sullanae), as explained on the reverse (Sextus Nonius praetor ludos Victoriae primus fecit).

Marcus Sufenas' career relied on the patronage of Pompey, whom he devotedly served. In 56 he was Tribune of the Plebs, and with the famous Publius Clodius Pulcher, Gaius Porcius Cato, and Lucius Procilius, they sabotaged the consular elections in order to force the choice of Pompey and Crassus as Consuls for 55 (Cassius Dio, Roman History, xxxix. 27-33). Pompey then used his influence to acquit Sufenas (Cicero, Atticus, iv. 15).

Since he was governor of Macedonia or Cyrenaica in 51 (Cicero, Atticus, vi. 1 & viii. 15), Broughton conjectured that he had been Praetor in 52. He was still in his province by 49, so he probably helped Pompey after his flight from Italy. Plutarch mentions him just before the Battle of Pharsalus (Life of Cicero, 38). As he disappears from ancient sources after this, he might have died during the battle.2 commentsJoss

45 - 02 - Clodio Albino (195 - 197 D.C.) "Como Cesar de Septimio Severo"
AR Denario 18 x 17 mm 3.0 gr.

Anv: "D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES" - Busto a Cabeza desnuda, viendo a derecha.
Rev: "COS II" - Asclepio de pié a izq., su mano der. sobre la cabeza de una serpiente enrollada en un bastón.

Acuñada: 194 - 195 D.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: R

Referencias: RIC Vol.IV Parte I #2 Pag.44 – SRCV Vol.II #6140 - Cohen Vol.III #9 Pag.416
mdelvalle

45 - 02 - Clodio Albino (195 - 197 D.C.) "Como Cesar de Septimio Severo"
AR Denario 18 x 17 mm 3.0 gr.

Anv: "D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES" - Busto a Cabeza desnuda, viendo a derecha.
Rev: "COS II" - Asclepio de pié a izq., su mano der. sobre la cabeza de una serpiente enrollada en un bastón.

Acuñada: 194 - 195 D.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: R

Referencias: RIC Vol.IV Parte I #2 Pag.44 – Sear RCV Vol.II #6140 Pag.442 - Cohen Vol.III #9 Pag.416 - Salgado II/1 #4305.f Pag.122 - BMCRE V #88/9 Pag.35 (Plate 8 #1) - RSC III #9 Pag.14 - Hill CSS #138mdelvalle

45 - 04 - Clodio Albino (195-197 D.C.) "Como Cesar de Septimio Severo"
AR Denario 19 mm 3.5 gr.

Anv: "D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES" - Busto a Cabeza desnuda, viendo a derecha.
Rev: "FELICITAS COS II" - Felicitas de Pié a izquierda, portando caduceo en mano derecha y largo cetro vertical en izquierda..

Acuñada: 194 - 195 D.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: R

Referencias: RIC Vol.IV Parte I #4 Pag.44 – SRCV Vol.II #6141 - Cohen Vol.III #15 Pag.417 - DVM #8 Pag. 1771 commentsmdelvalle

45 - 04 - Clodio Albino (195-197 D.C.) "Como Cesar de Septimio Severo"
AR Denario 19 mm 3.5 gr.

Anv: "D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES" - Busto a Cabeza desnuda, viendo a derecha.
Rev: "FELICITAS COS II" - Felicitas de Pié a izquierda, portando caduceo en mano derecha y largo cetro vertical en izquierda..

Acuñada 2da. Emisión (Verano-otoño del 194 D.C.)
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: R

Referencias: RIC Vol.IV Parte I #4 Pag.44 – Sear RCV Vol.II #6141 Pag.443 - Cohen Vol.III #15 Pag.417 - DVM #8 Pag. 177 - RSC III #15 Pag.14 - BMCRE V #91-2 Pag.36 (Plate 8 #3) - Hill CSS #108 - Salgado II/1 #4305.d Pag.122mdelvalle

45 - 07 - Clodio Albino (195-197 D.C.) "Como Cesar de Septimio Severo"
AR Denario 18 x 17 mm 3.1 gr.

Anv: "D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES" - Busto a Cabeza desnuda, viendo a derecha.
Rev: "MINER PACIF COS II" - Minerva c/yelmo de pié a izq., portando rama en mano der. y descansando la izq. apoyada sobre un escudo. Una lanza descansando sobre su brazo izq.

Acuñada: 194 - 195 D.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: R

Referencias: RIC Vol.IV Parte I #7 Pag.45 - Cohen Vol.III #48 Pag.420 - DVM #15/1 Pag. 177 - BMCRE III #98mdelvalle

45 - 07 - Clodio Albino (195-197 D.C.) "Como Cesar de Septimio Severo"
AR Denario 18 x 17 mm 3.1 gr.

Anv: "D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES" - Busto a Cabeza desnuda, viendo a derecha.
Rev: "MINER PACIF COS II" - Minerva c/yelmo de pié a izq., portando rama en mano der. y descansando la izq. apoyada sobre un escudo. Una lanza descansando sobre su brazo izq.

Acuñada: 194 - 195 D.C.
Ceca: Roma
Rareza: R

Referencias: RIC Vol.IV Parte I #7 Pag.45 – Sear RCV Vol.II #6144 Pag.443 - Cohen Vol.III #48 Pag.420 - DVM #15/1 Pag. 177 - RSC III #48 Pag.15 - BMCRE V #98-102 Pag.37 (Plate 8 #6) - Hill CSS #119 - Salgado II/1 #4305.c Pag.122mdelvalle

494/23 P ClodiusP Clodius. AR Denarius. 42 BC. Rev: Laureate head of Apollo right, lyre behind. Obv: Diana standing facing, with bow and quiver over shoulder, holding lighted torch in each hand, P CLODIVS right, MF on left.
Syd 1117; Claudia 15; Crawford 494/23.Paddy

707a, Galba, 3 April 68 - 15 January 69 A.D.Galba AE As, 68-69 AD; cf. SRC 727, 729ff; 27.85mm, 12g; Rome: Obverse: GALBA IMP CAESAR…, Laureate head right; Reverse: S P Q R OB CIV SER in oak wreath; gF+/F Ex. Ancient Imports.

De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families

Galba (68-69 A.D.)

John Donahue
College of William and Mary

Introduction
The evidence for the principate of Galba is unsatisfactory. The sources either concentrate on the personality of the man, thereby failing to offer a balanced account of his policies and a firm chronological base for his actions; or, they focus on the final two weeks of his life at the expense of the earlier part of his reign. As a result, a detailed account of his principate is difficult to write. Even so, Galba is noteworthy because he was neither related to nor adopted by his predecessor Nero. Thus, his accession marked the end of the nearly century-long control of the Principate by the Julio-Claudians. Additionally, Galba's declaration as emperor by his troops abroad set a precedent for the further political upheavals of 68-69. Although these events worked to Galba's favor initially, they soon came back to haunt him, ending his tumultuous rule after only seven months.

Early Life and Rise to Power
Born 24 December 3 BC in Tarracina, a town on the Appian Way, 65 miles south of Rome, Servius Galba was the son of C. Sulpicius Galba and Mummia Achaica. Galba's connection with the noble house of the Servii gave him great prestige and assured his acceptance among the highest levels of Julio-Claudian society. Adopted in his youth by Livia, the mother of the emperor Tiberius, he is said to have owed much of his early advancement to her. Upon her death, Livia made Galba her chief legatee, bequeathing him some 50 million sesterces. Tiberius, Livia's heir, reduced the amount, however, and then never paid it. Galba's marriage proved to be a further source of disappointment, as he outlived both his wife Lepida and their two sons. Nothing else is known of Galba's immediate family, other than that he remained a widower for the rest of his life.

Although the details of Galba's early political career are incomplete, the surviving record is one of an ambitious Roman making his way in the Emperor's service. Suetonius records that as praetor Galba put on a new kind of exhibition for the people - elephants walking on a rope. Later, he served as governor of the province of Aquitania, followed by a six-month term as consul at the beginning of 33. Ironically, as consul he was succeeded by Salvius Otho, whose own son would succeed Galba as emperor. Over the years three more governorships followed - Upper Germany (date unknown), North Africa (45) and Hispania Tarraconensis, the largest of Spain's three provinces (61). He was selected as a proconsul of Africa by the emperor Claudius himself instead of by the usual method of drawing lots. During his two-year tenure in the province he successfully restored internal order and quelled a revolt by the barbarians. As an imperial legate he was a governor in Spain for eight years under Nero, even though he was already in his early sixties when he assumed his duties. The appointment showed that Galba was still considered efficient and loyal. In all of these posts Galba generally displayed an enthusiasm for old-fashioned disciplina, a trait consistent with the traditional characterization of the man as a hard-bitten aristocrat of the old Republican type. Such service did not go unnoticed, as he was honored with triumphal insignia and three priesthoods during his career.

On the basis of his ancestry, family tradition and service to the state Galba was the most distinguished Roman alive (with the exception of the houses of the Julii and Claudii) at the time of Nero's demise in 68. The complex chain of events that would lead him to the Principate later that year began in March with the rebellion of Gaius Iulius Vindex, the governor of Gallia Lugdunensis. Vindex had begun to sound out provincial governors about support for a rebellion perhaps in late 67 or early 68. Galba did not respond but, because of his displeasure with Neronian misgovernment, neither did he inform the emperor of these treasonous solicitations. This, of course, left him dangerously exposed; moreover, he was already aware that Nero, anxious to remove anyone of distinguished birth and noble achievements, had ordered his death. Given these circumstances, Galba likely felt that he had no choice but to rebel.

In April, 68, while still in Spain, Galba "went public," positioning himself as a vir militaris, a military representative of the senate and people of Rome. For the moment, he refused the title of Emperor, but it is clear that the Principate was his goal. To this end, he organized a concilium of advisors in order to make it known that any decisions were not made by him alone but only after consultation with a group. The arrangement was meant to recall the Augustan Age relationship between the emperor and senate in Rome. Even more revealing of his imperial ambitions were legends like LIBERTAS RESTITUTA (Liberty Restored), ROM RENASC (Rome Reborn) and SALUS GENERIS HUMANI (Salvation of Mankind), preserved on his coinage from the period. Such evidence has brought into question the traditional assessment of Galba as nothing more than an ineffectual representative of a bygone antiquus rigor in favor of a more balanced portrait of a traditional constitutionalist eager to publicize the virtues of an Augustan-style Principate.
Events now began to move quickly. In May, 68 Lucius Clodius Macer, legate of the III legio Augusta in Africa, revolted from Nero and cut off the grain supply to Rome. Choosing not to recognize Galba, he called himself propraetor, issued his own coinage, and raised a new legion, the I Macriana liberatrix. Galba later had him executed. At the same time, 68, Lucius Verginius Rufus, legionary commander in Upper Germany, led a combined force of soldiers from Upper and Lower Germany in defeating Vindex at Vesontio in Gallia Lugdunensis. Verginius refused to accept a call to the emperorship by his own troops and by those from the Danube, however, thereby creating at Rome an opportunity for Galba's agents to win over Gaius Nymphidius Sabinus, the corrupt praetorian prefect since 65. Sabinus was able to turn the imperial guard against Nero on the promise that they would be rewarded financially by Galba upon his arrival. That was the end for Nero. Deposed by the senate and abandoned by his supporters, he committed suicide in June. At this point, encouraged to march on Rome by the praetorians and especially by Sabinus, who had his own designs on the throne, Galba hurriedly established broad-based political and financial support and assembled his own legion (subsequently known as the legio VII Gemina). As he departed from Spain, he abandoned the title of governor in favor of "Caesar," apparently in an attempt to lay claim to the entire inheritance of the Julio-Claudian house. Even so, he continued to proceed cautiously, and did not actually adopt the name of Caesar (and with it the emperorship) until sometime after he had left Spain.

The Principate of Galba
Meanwhile, Rome was anything but serene. An unusual force of soldiers, many of whom had been mustered by Nero to crush the attempt of Vindex, remained idle and restless. In addition, there was the matter concerning Nymphidius Sabinus. Intent on being the power behind the throne, Nymphidius had orchestrated a demand from the praetorians that Galba appoint him sole praetorian prefect for life. The senate capitulated to his pretensions and he began to have designs on the throne himself. In an attempt to rattle Galba, Nymphidius then sent messages of alarm to the emperor telling of unrest in both the city and abroad. When Galba ignored these reports, Nymphidius decided to launch a coup by presenting himself to the praetorians. The plan misfired, and the praetorians killed him when he appeared at their camp. Upon learning of the incident, Galba ordered the executions of Nymphidius' followers. To make matters worse, Galba's arrival was preceded by a confrontation with a boisterous band of soldiers who had been formed into a legion by Nero and were now demanding legionary standards and regular quarters. When they persisted, Galba's forces attacked, with the result that many of them were killed.
Thus it was amid carnage and fear that Galba arrived at the capital in October, 68, accompanied by Otho, the governor of Lusitania, who had joined the cause. Once Galba was within Rome, miscalculations and missteps seemed to multiply. First, he relied upon the advice of a corrupt circle of advisors, most notably: Titus Vinius, a general from Spain; Cornelius Laco, praetorian prefect; and his own freedman, Icelus. Second, he zealously attempted to recover some of Nero's more excessive expenditures by seizing the property of many citizens, a measure that seems to have gone too far and to have caused real hardship and resentment. Third, he created further ill-will by disbanding the imperial corps of German bodyguards, effectively abolishing a tradition that originated with Marius and had been endorsed by Augustus. Finally, he seriously alienated the military by refusing cash rewards for both the praetorians and for the soldiers in Upper Germany who had fought against Vindex.

This last act proved to be the beginning of the end for Galba. On 1 January 69 ("The Year of the Four Emperors"), the troops in Upper Germany refused to declare allegiance to him and instead followed the men stationed in Lower Germany in proclaiming their commander, Aulus Vitellius, as the new ruler. In response, Galba adopted Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi Licinianus to show that he was still in charge and that his successor would not be chosen for him. Piso, although an aristocrat, was a man completely without administrative or military experience. The choice meant little to the remote armies, the praetorians or the senate, and it especially angered Otho, who had hoped to succeed Galba. Otho quickly organized a conspiracy among the praetorians with the now-familiar promise of a material reward, and on 15 January 69 they declared him emperor and publicly killed Galba; Piso, dragged from hiding in the temple of Vesta, was also butchered.

Assessment
In sum, Galba had displayed talent and ambition during his lengthy career. He enjoyed distinguished ancestry, moved easily among the Julio-Claudian emperors (with the exception of Nero towards the end of his principate), and had been awarded the highest military and religious honors of ancient Rome. His qualifications for the principate cannot be questioned. Even so, history has been unkind to him. Tacitus characterized Galba as "weak and old," a man "equal to the imperial office, if he had never held it." Modern historians of the Roman world have been no less critical. To be sure, Galba's greatest mistake lay in his general handling of the military. His treatment of the army in Upper Germany was heedless, his policy towards the praetorians short sighted. Given the climate in 68-69, Galba was unrealistic in expecting disciplina without paying the promised rewards. He was also guilty of relying on poor advisors, who shielded him from reality and ultimately allowed Otho's conspiracy to succeed. Additionally, the excessive power of his henchmen brought the regime into disfavor and made Galba himself the principal target of the hatred that his aides had incited. Finally, the appointment of Piso, a young man in no way equal to the challenges placed before him, further underscored the emperor's isolation and lack of judgment. In the end, the instability of the post-Julio-Claudian political landscape offered challenges more formidable than a tired, septuagenarian aristocrat could hope to overcome. Ironically, his regime proved no more successful than the Neronian government he was so eager to replace. Another year of bloodshed would be necessary before the Principate could once again stand firm.

Copyright (C) 1999, John Donahue.
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.

Cleisthenes

C. Clodius C.f. Vestalis - AR denariusRome
41 BC
draped bust of Flora right wearing wreath, earrings; lily behind
C·CLODIVS__C·F·
veiled Vesta seated left holding bowl
VESTALIS
Crawford 512/2; SRCV I 499, RSC I Claudia 13, Sydenham 1135
3,6g 20mm
ex Vienna International AuctionsJ. B.

Carthago_RIC-This coin is close to RIC519, but "VICTO_RIA" is divided as in RIC520, but the legend direction is the opposite. Probably just another die. This belongs to the group of coins I could not afford to keep. A wonderful substitute for a Clodius Macer...jmuona

Claudia P Clodius Denarius. 42 BC. Laureate head of Apollo right, lyre behind / Diana standing facing, with bow and quiver over shoulder, holding lighted torch in each hand; P CLODIVS right, M F on left. Syd 1117, Cr494/23. Britanikus

CLAUDIA 15P. Clodius M.f. Turrinus (c. BC 42)Rugser

Clodius Albinus Clodius Albinus Denarius
17 mm 2.57 gm
O: D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES
Bare head right.
R: MINER PACIF COS II
Minerva, helmeted, standing left, olive branch in right, resting left on shield, spear leans against arm.1 commentsKoffy

Clodius AlbinusClodius Albinus, Silver Denarius, Fall 195 or Early 196 - 19 February 196 AD, RIC IV, BMCRE, RSC, 2.658g, 19.1mm,
OBV: D CLOD SEP (sic!) AL-BINVS CAES, bare head right;
REV: FELICITAS COS II, Felicitas standing half left, caduceus in right, scepter in left
Exceptionally large flan for the type with full legend on both obverse and reverse

Very Rare

EX: Forvm Ancient Coins1 commentsSRukke

CLODIUS ALBINUSAR denarius. 194-195 AD. 3,52 grs. Bare head right. D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES / Helmeted Minerva, standing front, head left, holding olive-branch, resting hand on shield set on the ground, spear against arm. MINER PACIF COS II .
RIC 7. RSC 44. benito

Clodius AlbinusSilver Denarius Lugdunum 195-196 CE
Obverse: IMP CAES D CLO ALBIN AVG: Bust of Clodius Albinus, laureate, draped, right | Head of Clodius Albinus, laureate, right
Reverse: SPES AVG COS II: Spes, draped, advancing left, holding up flower in right hand and raising skirt with left hand
RIC 42David M24

Clodius Albinus RIC IV 7Obv: D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES
bare head right
Rev: MINER PACIF COS II
Minerva standing facing with
olive branch, shield & spear.
18.5mm 3.1gmOWL365

Clodius Albinus (193 - 195 A.D.)AR Denarius
O: D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES, bare head right.
R: MINER PACIF COS II, Minerva standing front, head left, holding a spear and leaning on a shield.
Rome Mint
3.21g
19mm
RIC 7, RSC 48, RCV 6144, BMC 986 commentsMat

Clodius Albinus (193-197)AR Denarius
18.43 mm 2.67 gr.
Obv: D CL SEPT ALBIN CAES, bare head right
Rev: SAEC FRVGIF COS II, Saeculum Frugiferum, radiate standing left holding caduceus and trident
Mint: Rome (194-195)
RSC III 65Ken W2

Clodius Albinus (RIC 7, Coin #450)RIC 7, AR Denarius, Rome, 195 - 196 AD.
Obv: D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES Bare head right.
Rev: MINER PACIF COS II Minerva, helmeted, standing left, olive branch in right, resting left on shield, spear leans against arm.
Size: 18.1mm 2.82gmMaynardGee

Clodius Albinus - AE as or dupondiusRome
194-195 AD
head right
D CL SEPT AL_BIN CAES
Saeculum Frugiferum standing left, holding caduceus with grain ears and trident
SAECVLO FRVGIFERO COS II
S C
RIC IVa, 61 (C. 72); BMC V, 549 (Pl. 23, 8); C. 72 (Paris)
10,8g 24mmJ. B.

Clodius Albinus - FelicitasClodius Albinus
Denarius
194 A.D.
Alexandria
Av.: D CLOD SEP - T ALBIN CAES - bare head right
Rev.: FELICI - TAS - COS II - Felicitas standing left, holding scepter and caduceus
3,01 Gr., 12 h die axis
RIC - , Coh. - , Bickford-Smith Pl. I, 8nummis durensis

Clodius Albinus - RIC 2, Van Meter 6, Sear 6140Limes

Clodius Albinus - RIC 52cSestertius
D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES
FELICITAS COS II S-C
ex CNG1 commentsxokleng

Clodius Albinus - RIC 7Clodius Albinus, as Caesar, AR Denarius. 194 AD. D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES, bare head right / MINER PACIF COS II, Minerva standing facing with olive branch, shield & spear. RIC 7, RSC 48, RCV 6144, BMC 984 commentsBud Stewart

Clodius Albinus / RomaClodius Albinus (Caesar, 193-195). Denarius. Rome mint, Struck circa AD 193-194
O: D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES, Bare head right.
R: ROMAE AE-TERNAE, Roma seated left on shield, holding palladium and scepter.
- RIC 11.1 commentsNemonater

Clodius Albinus 193 - 197 ADaw. CLODIVS ALBINVS CAES
Bare head of Clodius Albinus to right.
rev. PROVID AVG COS
Providentia standing left, holding scepter in her right hand and baton in her left; globe at her feet to left.
Ric 1a
mint Rome , circa 193 ADWaldemar S

Clodius Albinus 193 - 197 ADaw. D CL SEPT ALBIN CAES
Head of Clodius Albinus, bare, right
rew. MINER PACIF COS II
Minerva, helmeted, draped, standing left, holding olive-branch in right hand and shield set on ground in left hand; spear rests against left arm
Ric 7
mint Rome , circa 194-195 ADWaldemar S

Clodius Albinus AE as, rare non-didvided ALBIN in legend on obverse.Ryan C

Clodius Albinus AE as, rare non-didvided ALBIN in legend on obverse.This coin I got in a lot of "unidentified coins" I was told by Curtis Clay that he has seen only one other coin with this same exact combination of dies. This coin was one sold in the Morcom collection through Sotheby's. A nice find, I just wish time had treated my coin better. Ryan C

Clodius Albinus AE as, rare non-didvided ALBIN in legend on obverse.This coin I got in a lot of "unidentified coins" I was told by Curtis Clay that he has seen only one other coin with this same exact combination of dies. This coin was one sold in the Morcom collection through Sotheby's, in the 1920's. A nice find, I just wish time had treated my coin better. Ryan C

Clodius Albinus AR DenariusClodius Albinus, as Caesar, AR Denarius. Rome, AD 193-195. 18 mm. 3.6 gm.
Obv: D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES, bare head right
Rev: MINER PACIF COS II, Minerva, helmeted, standing left, holding olive branch and shield on ground to right; spear against left arm.
RIC 7 (Rare).
1 commentsAntonivs Protti

Clodius Albinus AR Denarius as CaesarRIC IVa 4 Rome, RSC 15
2.26 g, 17 mm
D CLOD SEPT ALBIN CAES, bare head right
FELICITAS COS II, Felicitas standing, head left, holding caduceus and sceptre
Rare
2 commentsMark Z

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