Cappadocia
[Th. Reinach, Trois royaumes &c.; Wroth, B. M. C., Galatia, Cappadocia, &c.]
The Persian governors who ruled Cappadocia before the expedition of Alexander the Great do not appear to have struck coins, with the exception of the satrap Datames (circ. B.C. 362), in whose name money was issued at Sinope and at Gaziura in Pontus (see B. M. C., p. xxiv, and Regling in Z. f. N., xxiv (1904), p. 132). The continuous regal series begins with Ariarathes I, whose dynasty was succeeded, circ. B.C. 95, by that of Ariobarzanes I.
| Inscr. Baal-Gazur (Aramaic letters).
Baal of Gaziura seated, holding eagle,
vine-branch, and sceptre. [Waddington, Rec. gén., i, pp. 82 f.] |
Inscr. Ariorat (Aramaic letters). Griffin devouring stag. AR Drachm 87 grs. Struck at Gaziura (Ariarathes also struck drachms at Sinope with his name in Aramaic). |
Ariarathes II, B.C. 301-280 (?), son of Ariarathes I. Bronze coins (?) : see B. M. C., p. xxv.
Ariaramnes, B.C. 280 (?)-230 (?), son of Ariarathes II.
| Head of Ariaramnes in leather helmet. [B. M. C., p. xxv; cf. Hunter Cat., ii, p. 573.] |
ΑΡΙΑΡΑΜΝΟΥ Horseman galloping.
Berlin. Æ .8.
|
Ariarathes III, B.C. 240 (?)-220, son of Ariaramnes.
| Bust of Ariarathes III, diademed. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ Athena seated, holding Nike. AR Tetr. Paris [B. M. C., p. xxvi]. |
| Bust of Ariarathes III, youthful, in helmet. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ Athena seated, holding Nike. Æ. Paris [B. M. C., p. xxvi]. |
Ariarathes IV, Eusebes, B.C. 220-163, son of Ariarathes III.
| Head of Ariarathes IV. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ ΕΥΣΕΒΟΥΣ Athena standing, holding Nike. AR Tetr. Paris. Berlin [B. M. C., p. xxvii]. Also Drachms with dates (regnal years) 3, 30, 31, 33, Brit. Mus., &c. |
Ariarathes V, Eusebes, Philopator, B.C. 163-130, son of Ariarathes IV.
| Head of Ariarathes V. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ ΕΥΣΕΒΟΥΣ ΦΙΛΟΓΙΑΤΟΡΟΣ Athena standing, holding Nike. AR Tetradr. Brit. Mus. Another tetradr. without ΦΙΛΟΓΙΑΤΟΡΟΣ; and a third tetradr. with the inscr. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ ΦΙΛΟΠΑΤΟΡΟΣ [B. M. C., p. xxviii]. |
| Head of Ariarathes V. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ ΕΥΣΕΒΟΥΣ Athena standing, holding
Nike. Regnal years. AR Dr.
|
FIG. 330.
Orophernes, B.C. 158-157, pretender.
| Head of Orophernes (Fig. 330). [B. M. C., p. xxviii; p. 34; cf. Dressel in Sitzungsberichte der konigl. preussischen Akad. der Wissenschaften, xxiii. 1905, p. 467.] | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΟΡΟΦΕΡΝΟΥ ΝΙΚΗΦΟΡΟΥ Nike standing, holding wreath and palm; in field, owl on basis (mint-mark of Priene). AR Tetradr. (Specimens have been found at Priene, where Orophernes deposited his treasure.) |
Ariarathes VI, Epiphanes, Philopator, B.C. 125 (?)-111 (?), son of Ariarathes V; Nysa, queen-regent.
| Heads of Nysa, the queen-regent, and her young son, Ariarathes VI. | ΒΑΣΙΛΙΣΣΗΣ ΝΥΣΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΤΟΥ ΥΙΟΥ Athena seated, holding Nike. AR Dr. Paris. [Reinach, Trois royaumes, p. 46, no. 14.] |
| Head of Ariarathes VI. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ Athena standing, holding
Nike (with dates, years 1 to 15).
AR Dr.
|
Ariarathes VII, Philometor, B.C. 111 (?)-99 (?), eldest son of Ariarathes VI, by Laodice, daughter of Mithradates V. Euergetes, King of Pontus.
| Head of Ariarathes VII. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ ΦΙΛΟΜΗΤΟΡΟΣ Athena standing, holding
Nike. Regnal years. AR Dr.
|
Ariarathes VIII, B.C. 99-97 (?), second son of Ariarathes VI, by Laodice. Apparently struck no coins (B. M. C., p. xxx).
Ariarathes IX, Eusebes, Philopator, B.C. 99-87, son of Mithradates VI, Eupator, King of Pontus (B. M. C., p. xxx).
| Head of Ariarathes IX (struck at Amphipolis in Macedonia (?)). | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ ΕΥΣΕΒΟΥΣ ΦΙΛΟΠΑΤΟΡΟΣ Pegasos,
drinking; in field, crescent and star
and mon.; whole in vine-wreath.
AR Tetradr.
|
| Id. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ ΕΥΣΕΒΟΥΣ Athena standing, holding
Nike. Regnal years. AR Dr.
|
Ariobarzanes I, Philoromaios, B.C. 95-62.
| Head of Ariobarzanes I. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΟΒΑΡΖΑΝΟΥ ΦΙΛΟΡΩΜΑΙΟΥ Athena standing,
holding Nike. Regnal years. AR Dr.
|
Ariobarzanes II, Philopator, B.C. 62-52, son of Ariobarzanes I.
| Head of Ariobarzanes II. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΟΒΑΡΖΑΝΟΥ ΦΙΛΟΠΑΤΟΡΟΣ Athena standing, holding Nike. AR Dr. (Some with regnal years.) |
Ariobarzanes III, Eusebes, Philoromaios. B.C. 52-42, son of Ariobarzanes II, by his wife Athenais Philostorgos II, a daughter of Mithradates Eupator, King of Pontus.
| Head of Ariobarzanes III. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΟΒΑΡΖΑΝΟΥ ΕΥΣΕΒΟΥΣ ΚΑΙ ΦΙΛΟΡΩΜΑΙΟΥ
Athena standing, holding Nike; in
field, Pontic emblems of crescent and
star. Regnal years. AR Dr.
|
Ariarathes X, Eusebes, Philadelphos, B.C. 42-36, brother of Ariobarzanes III.
| Head of Ariarathes X. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ ΕΥΣΕΒΟΥΣ ΚΑΙ ΦΙΛΑΔΕΛΦΟΥ Athena
standing, holding Nike. Regnal
years. AR Dr.
|
| Bust of Ariarathes X. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ Bow in case.
Æ .65
|
| Bull. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ Bow in case. Æ .65. [Imhoof, Kl. M., ii, p. 499.] |
Archelaus, Philopatris, Ktistes, reigned from B.C. 36 till his death in A. D. 17, when Cappadocia became a Roman province.
| Head of Archelaus (struck in island of Elaeusa; see B. M. C., p. xxxiii, quoting Imhoof). | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΧΕΛΑΟΥ ΦΙΛΟΓΙΑΤΡΙΔΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΚΤΙΣΤΟΥ Club.
Regnal years. AR Dr.
|
| Head of Herakles. [Rein. Tr. Boy., p. 67.] |
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΧΕΛΑΟΥ Mount Argaeus. Regnal years. AR Dr. or ½ Dr.
|
[B. M. C., Galatia, Cappadocia, &c.]
Caesareia, now Kaisariyeh, at the foot of Mount Argaeus. Its original name was Mazaca, and the place was the capital of the Cappadocian kings. It was renamed Eusebeia and finally called Caesareia. Autonomous. The earliest coins are bronze of the time of Archelaus the last king (see supra), some inscribed ΕΥΣΕΒΕΙΑΣ and others inscribed ΚΑΙΣΑΡΕΙΑΣ. From the dates on these it appears that the town changed its name from Eusebeia to Caesareia at some time between B.C. 12 and B.C. 9 (Imhoof, Zur griech. Münzkunde, 1898, pp. 3 f.; B. M. C., pp. xxxiv f.). Types—Mount Argaeus; Bust of Athena; Statue of Asiatic goddess; Head of Herakles; &c. (Imhoof, loc. cit.).
Imperial, Tiberius to Treb. Gallus. The coins—AR and Æ—were struck in large numbers, as Caesareia, like Antiocheia in Syria, was an Imperial mint for the East. The normal weights of the silver seem to be Tridrachm, 180 grains; Didr., 120 grs.; Dr., 60 grs.; ½ Dr., 30 grs. After the time of Severus the AR becomes debased. Both AR and Æ bear dates of the Emperors’ reigns, and the AR records the consulate, e.g. ΥΠΑΤΟC Γ (= COS III), and the tribunician power, ΔΗΜΑΡΧΙΚ(ης) ЄΞΟΥC(ιας).
Inscr., ΚΑΙCΑΡЄWΝ ΤWΝ ΠΡΟC ΤW ΑΡΓΑΙW and abbrev.; ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛЄΩC ΚΑΙCΑΡΙΑC; ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ (Hunter Cat., ii. Pl. LXII. 24); sometimes with ЄΝΤΙΧΙΟΝ (εντειχιον χωριον) added (B. M. C., p. xxxv), also with ΝЄΩΚΟΡΟΥ.
Types—With the exception of Mount Argaeus, which occurs very frequently, the types are generally not of local significance, but are copied from Roman coins (see B. M. C., pp. 46 ff.), e. g. ЄΛЄΥΘ(ερια) ΔΗΜΟΥ = Libertas publica, Liberty standing (R. N., 1895, p. 68); ΠΡΟΝΟΙΑ, Providentia standing. There are also Æ coins with rev. Stone of pyramidal form (=Argaeus ?) attributed to Caesareia (B. M. C., p. xxxix n.). Argaeus is shown as a cavernous, peaked mountain, and is often surmounted by a star. Sometimes a male figure (a god, or the deified Emperor?)
FIG. 331.
viii. 8), [Argaeus] οροσ Kαππαδοκαισ και θεοσ και ορκοσ και αγαλμα, and see on the Argaeus types, B. M. C., pp. xxxviii f., and Rossbach, Neue Jahrb., vii. pp. 406-9. A specimen at Berlin (Journ. Int., 1898, pp. 455 f.) shows Argaeus, and a temple inscribed ЄΙCЄΩΝΑ(αιωνα)ΤΟΥC ΚΥΡΙΟΥ[C], i. e. ‘long life to the Emperors’. Another coin (B. M. C., Pl. XIII. 2; cf. Hunter Cat., ii. p. 593, No. 82; also Imhoof, Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 231) shows two columns or towers, enclosed within a palisade, beside the mountain. The Tyche of the city sometimes wears Argaeus as a head-dress (Z. f. N., xxiv. p. 86).
Magistrates, Πρεσβευτης, i.e. the legatus Augusti pro praetore of Galatia and Cappadocia. Stephanephoroi sometimes occur (Imhoof, Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 232).
Games, ΦΙΛΑΔЄΛΦ(ЄΙΑ) (B. M. C., p. 82, No. 280).
Alliance with Smyrna—Sept. Severus and Domna.
Comana (Sherherdere-si), famous for its sanctuary of the goddess Mâ. No coins can be attributed to this place; cf. B. M. C., p. xli; Rev. des études gr., xii. (1899), p. 102., and Comana in Pontus, supra, p. 498.
Cybistra (Eregli). Æ of the time of Trajan. Inscr., ΚΥΒΙCΤΡЄWΝ. Rev. types—Harpa; River-god swimming. Magistrate, Name of the legatus P. C. Ruso (B. M. C., p. xli; p. 95).
Eusebeia. See Caesareia.
Tyana, now Kiz (or Kilisa) Hissar. Æ of a Cappadocian dynast ΑΡΙ... (Ariaos ?) were struck here, circ. B.C. 280 (?). Obv. Beardless head in Cappadocian tiara, rev. Horse galloping; in front, a palm-tree; beneath., ΑΡΙ ΔΣ ΤΥ. Berlin (Dressel in Z. f. N., xxi. (1898), p. 227). Another variety has rev. Horseman with javelin, ΣΔ and ΤΥΑΝ. (Invent. Wadd., No. 6800).
Imperial, Trajan to Caracalla. Inscr., ΤVΑΝЄWΝ; ΤVΑΝЄWΝ Τ.
Π. Τ. (= ΤΩΝ ΠΡΟC ΤΑΥΡΩ) ΙЄΡΑC Κ. ΑCVΛΟV Κ. ΑVΤΟΝΟΜΟ. Under
Domna and Caracalla the inscription is ΑΝΤ. ΚΟΛΩΝΙΑ ΤVΑΝΩΝ or
ΑVΡ. ΚΟΛΩΝΙΑC ΤVΑΝΩΝ, the colony taking these names, ‘Αντωνινιανη
Αυρηλια, in honour of Caracalla (Imhoof, Kl. M., p. 499). Types—Tyche
of city seated holding corn and grapes; Perseus; Athena; Asklepios,
Humped bull and two vexilla. Dates, Regnal years of the Emperors.
Cappadocia
 | Please |help| us convert the |Dictionary of Roman Coins| from scans to text by typing the original text here. Please add updates or make corrections to the NumisWiki text version as appropriate. CAPPADOCIA, an extensive country in Asia Minor, bordering northward on the Pontus Euxinus (Black Sea), eastward on Armenia, southward on Mount Taurus, which divided it from Cilicia, and westward on Galatia and Pamphilia. Its modern name is Tocat, it was famous, and is still noted, for horses, mules, and slaves. The ancient state of Cappadocia is very imperfectly known. It had its kings down to so late a period as the reign of Tiberius. And of those kings, coins are still extant. Germanicus Caesar, after having vanquished the king of Armenia, made a Roman province of Cappadocia. |
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Cappadocia
[Th. Reinach, Trois royaumes &c.; Wroth, B. M. C., Galatia, Cappadocia, &c.]
The Persian governors who ruled Cappadocia before the expedition of Alexander the Great do not appear to have struck coins, with the exception of the satrap Datames (circ. B.C. 362), in whose name money was issued at Sinope and at Gaziura in Pontus (see B. M. C., p. xxiv, and Regling in Z. f. N., xxiv (1904), p. 132). The continuous regal series begins with Ariarathes I, whose dynasty was succeeded, circ. B.C. 95, by that of Ariobarzanes I.
| Inscr. Baal-Gazur (Aramaic letters).
Baal of Gaziura seated, holding eagle,
vine-branch, and sceptre. [Waddington, Rec. gén., i, pp. 82 f.] |
Inscr. Ariorat (Aramaic letters). Griffin devouring stag. AR Drachm 87 grs. Struck at Gaziura (Ariarathes also struck drachms at Sinope with his name in Aramaic). |
Ariarathes II, B.C. 301-280 (?), son of Ariarathes I. Bronze coins (?) : see B. M. C., p. xxv.
Ariaramnes, B.C. 280 (?)-230 (?), son of Ariarathes II.
| Head of Ariaramnes in leather helmet. [B. M. C., p. xxv; cf. Hunter Cat., ii, p. 573.] |
ΑΡΙΑΡΑΜΝΟΥ Horseman galloping.
Berlin. Æ .8.
|
Ariarathes III, B.C. 240 (?)-220, son of Ariaramnes.
| Bust of Ariarathes III, diademed. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ Athena seated, holding Nike. AR Tetr. Paris [B. M. C., p. xxvi]. |
| Bust of Ariarathes III, youthful, in helmet. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ Athena seated, holding Nike. Æ. Paris [B. M. C., p. xxvi]. |
Ariarathes IV, Eusebes, B.C. 220-163, son of Ariarathes III.
| Head of Ariarathes IV. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ ΕΥΣΕΒΟΥΣ Athena standing, holding Nike. AR Tetr. Paris. Berlin [B. M. C., p. xxvii]. Also Drachms with dates (regnal years) 3, 30, 31, 33, Brit. Mus., &c. |
Ariarathes V, Eusebes, Philopator, B.C. 163-130, son of Ariarathes IV.
| Head of Ariarathes V. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ ΕΥΣΕΒΟΥΣ ΦΙΛΟΓΙΑΤΟΡΟΣ Athena standing, holding Nike. AR Tetradr. Brit. Mus. Another tetradr. without ΦΙΛΟΓΙΑΤΟΡΟΣ; and a third tetradr. with the inscr. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ ΦΙΛΟΠΑΤΟΡΟΣ [B. M. C., p. xxviii]. |
| Head of Ariarathes V. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ ΕΥΣΕΒΟΥΣ Athena standing, holding
Nike. Regnal years. AR Dr.
|
FIG. 330.
Orophernes, B.C. 158-157, pretender.
| Head of Orophernes (Fig. 330). [B. M. C., p. xxviii; p. 34; cf. Dressel in Sitzungsberichte der konigl. preussischen Akad. der Wissenschaften, xxiii. 1905, p. 467.] | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΟΡΟΦΕΡΝΟΥ ΝΙΚΗΦΟΡΟΥ Nike standing, holding wreath and palm; in field, owl on basis (mint-mark of Priene). AR Tetradr. (Specimens have been found at Priene, where Orophernes deposited his treasure.) |
Ariarathes VI, Epiphanes, Philopator, B.C. 125 (?)-111 (?), son of Ariarathes V; Nysa, queen-regent.
| Heads of Nysa, the queen-regent, and her young son, Ariarathes VI. | ΒΑΣΙΛΙΣΣΗΣ ΝΥΣΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΤΟΥ ΥΙΟΥ Athena seated, holding Nike. AR Dr. Paris. [Reinach, Trois royaumes, p. 46, no. 14.] |
| Head of Ariarathes VI. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ Athena standing, holding
Nike (with dates, years 1 to 15).
AR Dr.
|
Ariarathes VII, Philometor, B.C. 111 (?)-99 (?), eldest son of Ariarathes VI, by Laodice, daughter of Mithradates V. Euergetes, King of Pontus.
| Head of Ariarathes VII. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ ΦΙΛΟΜΗΤΟΡΟΣ Athena standing, holding
Nike. Regnal years. AR Dr.
|
Ariarathes VIII, B.C. 99-97 (?), second son of Ariarathes VI, by Laodice. Apparently struck no coins (B. M. C., p. xxx).
Ariarathes IX, Eusebes, Philopator, B.C. 99-87, son of Mithradates VI, Eupator, King of Pontus (B. M. C., p. xxx).
| Head of Ariarathes IX (struck at Amphipolis in Macedonia (?)). | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ ΕΥΣΕΒΟΥΣ ΦΙΛΟΠΑΤΟΡΟΣ Pegasos,
drinking; in field, crescent and star
and mon.; whole in vine-wreath.
AR Tetradr.
|
| Id. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ ΕΥΣΕΒΟΥΣ Athena standing, holding
Nike. Regnal years. AR Dr.
|
Ariobarzanes I, Philoromaios, B.C. 95-62.
| Head of Ariobarzanes I. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΟΒΑΡΖΑΝΟΥ ΦΙΛΟΡΩΜΑΙΟΥ Athena standing,
holding Nike. Regnal years. AR Dr.
|
Ariobarzanes II, Philopator, B.C. 62-52, son of Ariobarzanes I.
| Head of Ariobarzanes II. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΟΒΑΡΖΑΝΟΥ ΦΙΛΟΠΑΤΟΡΟΣ Athena standing, holding Nike. AR Dr. (Some with regnal years.) |
Ariobarzanes III, Eusebes, Philoromaios. B.C. 52-42, son of Ariobarzanes II, by his wife Athenais Philostorgos II, a daughter of Mithradates Eupator, King of Pontus.
| Head of Ariobarzanes III. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΟΒΑΡΖΑΝΟΥ ΕΥΣΕΒΟΥΣ ΚΑΙ ΦΙΛΟΡΩΜΑΙΟΥ
Athena standing, holding Nike; in
field, Pontic emblems of crescent and
star. Regnal years. AR Dr.
|
Ariarathes X, Eusebes, Philadelphos, B.C. 42-36, brother of Ariobarzanes III.
| Head of Ariarathes X. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ ΕΥΣΕΒΟΥΣ ΚΑΙ ΦΙΛΑΔΕΛΦΟΥ Athena
standing, holding Nike. Regnal
years. AR Dr.
|
| Bust of Ariarathes X. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ Bow in case.
Æ .65
|
| Bull. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΙΑΡΑΘΟΥ Bow in case. Æ .65. [Imhoof, Kl. M., ii, p. 499.] |
Archelaus, Philopatris, Ktistes, reigned from B.C. 36 till his death in A. D. 17, when Cappadocia became a Roman province.
| Head of Archelaus (struck in island of Elaeusa; see B. M. C., p. xxxiii, quoting Imhoof). | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΧΕΛΑΟΥ ΦΙΛΟΓΙΑΤΡΙΔΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΚΤΙΣΤΟΥ Club.
Regnal years. AR Dr.
|
| Head of Herakles. [Rein. Tr. Boy., p. 67.] |
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΡΧΕΛΑΟΥ Mount Argaeus. Regnal years. AR Dr. or ½ Dr.
|
[B. M. C., Galatia, Cappadocia, &c.]
Caesareia, now Kaisariyeh, at the foot of Mount Argaeus. Its original name was Mazaca, and the place was the capital of the Cappadocian kings. It was renamed Eusebeia and finally called Caesareia. Autonomous. The earliest coins are bronze of the time of Archelaus the last king (see supra), some inscribed ΕΥΣΕΒΕΙΑΣ and others inscribed ΚΑΙΣΑΡΕΙΑΣ. From the dates on these it appears that the town changed its name from Eusebeia to Caesareia at some time between B.C. 12 and B.C. 9 (Imhoof, Zur griech. Münzkunde, 1898, pp. 3 f.; B. M. C., pp. xxxiv f.). Types—Mount Argaeus; Bust of Athena; Statue of Asiatic goddess; Head of Herakles; &c. (Imhoof, loc. cit.).
Imperial, Tiberius to Treb. Gallus. The coins—AR and Æ—were struck in large numbers, as Caesareia, like Antiocheia in Syria, was an Imperial mint for the East. The normal weights of the silver seem to be Tridrachm, 180 grains; Didr., 120 grs.; Dr., 60 grs.; ½ Dr., 30 grs. After the time of Severus the AR becomes debased. Both AR and Æ bear dates of the Emperors’ reigns, and the AR records the consulate, e.g. ΥΠΑΤΟC Γ (= COS III), and the tribunician power, ΔΗΜΑΡΧΙΚ(ης) ЄΞΟΥC(ιας).
Inscr., ΚΑΙCΑΡЄWΝ ΤWΝ ΠΡΟC ΤW ΑΡΓΑΙW and abbrev.; ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛЄΩC ΚΑΙCΑΡΙΑC; ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ (Hunter Cat., ii. Pl. LXII. 24); sometimes with ЄΝΤΙΧΙΟΝ (εντειχιον χωριον) added (B. M. C., p. xxxv), also with ΝЄΩΚΟΡΟΥ.
Types—With the exception of Mount Argaeus, which occurs very frequently, the types are generally not of local significance, but are copied from Roman coins (see B. M. C., pp. 46 ff.), e. g. ЄΛЄΥΘ(ερια) ΔΗΜΟΥ = Libertas publica, Liberty standing (R. N., 1895, p. 68); ΠΡΟΝΟΙΑ, Providentia standing. There are also Æ coins with rev. Stone of pyramidal form (=Argaeus ?) attributed to Caesareia (B. M. C., p. xxxix n.). Argaeus is shown as a cavernous, peaked mountain, and is often surmounted by a star. Sometimes a male figure (a god, or the deified Emperor?)
FIG. 331.
viii. 8), [Argaeus] οροσ Kαππαδοκαισ και θεοσ και ορκοσ και αγαλμα, and see on the Argaeus types, B. M. C., pp. xxxviii f., and Rossbach, Neue Jahrb., vii. pp. 406-9. A specimen at Berlin (Journ. Int., 1898, pp. 455 f.) shows Argaeus, and a temple inscribed ЄΙCЄΩΝΑ(αιωνα)ΤΟΥC ΚΥΡΙΟΥ[C], i. e. ‘long life to the Emperors’. Another coin (B. M. C., Pl. XIII. 2; cf. Hunter Cat., ii. p. 593, No. 82; also Imhoof, Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 231) shows two columns or towers, enclosed within a palisade, beside the mountain. The Tyche of the city sometimes wears Argaeus as a head-dress (Z. f. N., xxiv. p. 86).
Magistrates, Πρεσβευτης, i.e. the legatus Augusti pro praetore of Galatia and Cappadocia. Stephanephoroi sometimes occur (Imhoof, Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., p. 232).
Games, ΦΙΛΑΔЄΛΦ(ЄΙΑ) (B. M. C., p. 82, No. 280).
Alliance with Smyrna—Sept. Severus and Domna.
Comana (Sherherdere-si), famous for its sanctuary of the goddess Mâ. No coins can be attributed to this place; cf. B. M. C., p. xli; Rev. des études gr., xii. (1899), p. 102., and Comana in Pontus, supra, p. 498.
Cybistra (Eregli). Æ of the time of Trajan. Inscr., ΚΥΒΙCΤΡЄWΝ. Rev. types—Harpa; River-god swimming. Magistrate, Name of the legatus P. C. Ruso (B. M. C., p. xli; p. 95).
Eusebeia. See Caesareia.
Tyana, now Kiz (or Kilisa) Hissar. Æ of a Cappadocian dynast ΑΡΙ... (Ariaos ?) were struck here, circ. B.C. 280 (?). Obv. Beardless head in Cappadocian tiara, rev. Horse galloping; in front, a palm-tree; beneath., ΑΡΙ ΔΣ ΤΥ. Berlin (Dressel in Z. f. N., xxi. (1898), p. 227). Another variety has rev. Horseman with javelin, ΣΔ and ΤΥΑΝ. (Invent. Wadd., No. 6800).
Imperial, Trajan to Caracalla. Inscr., ΤVΑΝЄWΝ; ΤVΑΝЄWΝ Τ.
Π. Τ. (= ΤΩΝ ΠΡΟC ΤΑΥΡΩ) ΙЄΡΑC Κ. ΑCVΛΟV Κ. ΑVΤΟΝΟΜΟ. Under
Domna and Caracalla the inscription is ΑΝΤ. ΚΟΛΩΝΙΑ ΤVΑΝΩΝ or
ΑVΡ. ΚΟΛΩΝΙΑC ΤVΑΝΩΝ, the colony taking these names, ‘Αντωνινιανη
Αυρηλια, in honour of Caracalla (Imhoof, Kl. M., p. 499). Types—Tyche
of city seated holding corn and grapes; Perseus; Athena; Asklepios,
Humped bull and two vexilla. Dates, Regnal years of the Emperors.
Cappadocia
| Please |help| us convert the |Dictionary of Roman Coins| from scans to text by typing the original text here. Please add updates or make corrections to the NumisWiki text version as appropriate. CAPPADOCIA, an extensive country in Asia Minor, bordering northward on the Pontus Euxinus (Black Sea), eastward on Armenia, southward on Mount Taurus, which divided it from Cilicia, and westward on Galatia and Pamphilia. Its modern name is Tocat, it was famous, and is still noted, for horses, mules, and slaves. The ancient state of Cappadocia is very imperfectly known. It had its kings down to so late a period as the reign of Tiberius. And of those kings, coins are still extant. Germanicus Caesar, after having vanquished the king of Armenia, made a Roman province of Cappadocia. |
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