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----------     The Sign Language of Roman Coins     ----------

Boys Riding Goats

You can click on any coin image to see the full coin.

OK, I admit that this sounds unlikely, but I have two coins from quite different periods with this theme.

The reverse of a silver Roman Republican denarius showing winged Genius as a boy astride a goat The reverse of a silver Roman Republican denarius showing winged Genius as a boy astride a goat.
Reverse of an antoninianus of Valerian II showing the boy Jupiter astride a goat. The reverse of a silver antoninianus of Valerian II showing Jupiter as a boy astride a goat.

On the left, a republican denarius of Mn Fonteius C F, Roman Republic, from 85 BCE. The winged infant Genius (or possibly Cupid, depending where you look it up) is riding a goat. Above him are the caps of the Dioscuri (Romulus and Remus) and below is the thyrsus of Bacchus. All this is surrounded by a laurel wreath. The goat looks polite and well-groomed. This coin imitates (or possibly just resembles) a statue in the temple of Veiovis in Rome.

Reverse of a denarius of Domitian ahowing the goat Amalthea. The reverse of a denarius of Domitian showing the goat Amalthea within a wreath.

Next to it, an antoninanus of Valerian II from 257-258 CE. Valerian II was the son of Gallienus and the grandson of Valerian I. The image is of the infant Jupiter, astride the goat Amalthea, who cared for him and fed him. He is seated confronting us, his head turned to our left; his arms are spread wide. The legend is IOVI CRESCENTI, "Jupiter is growing." Jupiter here represents the young Valerian, and the inference is that he, like the young Jupiter, will grow to become all-powerful. In fact he died young; possibly killed by Ingenuus, a rebellious general who was supposed to have been educating him.

Whether tidy and well-groomed, or wild and shaggy, on both coins this is the same goat whose hide was made into the aegis of Jupiter (Zeus) and Minerva (Athena). See also my pages on the aegis and the story of Medusa.

On the right is a denarius of Domitian, the golden boy, the younger son of Vespasian, destined to become emperor after his older brother Titus. The legend on this coin is PRINCEPS IVVENTVTIS, the Prince of Youth, meaning the leader of the young men of his time. He was 29 when this coin was struck, so well past boyhood, but he was still up and coming, though overshadowed by his popular brother Titus who had by this time succeeded to power. For those who knew their mythology, the goat inside the laurel wreath had exactly the same message as on the later antoninianus of Valerian II: this young man is being groomed for the top position. Unlike the unlucky Valerian, Domitian did become emperor in his turn, but like so many others, he was eventually assassinated.


The content of this page was last updated on 8 August 2009

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