The Roman Empire
List of Emperors and Usurpers
including relations, supporters etc. depicted on coins
For a "time-line" of Emperors and usurpers on an Excel spreadsheet, please click this link or right-click to down-load.
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- AUGUSTUS (Caius Julius Caesar Octavianus) 27 BC - 14 AD
- AGRIPPA - general of Augustus
- TIBERIUS (Tiberius Claudius Nero) 14 AD - 37 AD
- DRUSUS - son of Tiberius
- GERMANICUS - adoptee of Tiberius, father of Caligula
- CALIGULA (Caius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus) 37 AD - 41 AD
CLAUDIUS I (Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanicus) 41 AD - 54 AD
- ANTONIA - mother of Claudius
- MESSALINA - wife of Claudius
- AGRIPPINA JR - wife and niece of Claudius
- NERO (Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus) 54 AD - 68 AD
- POPPAEA - wife of Nero
- CLODIUS MACER (Lucius Clodius Macer) 68 AD
GALBA (Servius Sulpicius Galba) 68 AD - 69 AD
OTHO (Marcus Salvius Otho) 69 AD
VITELLIUS (Aulus Vitellius) 69 AD
VESPASIAN (Titus Flavius Sabinus Vespasianus) 69 AD - 79 AD
TITUS (Titus Flavius Sabinus Vespasianus) 79 AD - 81 AD
- JULIA TITI - daughter of Titus
- DOMITIAN (Titus Flavius Domitianus) 81 AD - 96 AD
NERVA (Marcus Cocceius Nerva) 96 AD - 98 AD
TRAJAN (Marcus Ulpius Traianus) 98 AD - 117 AD
HADRIAN (Publius Aelius Hadrianus) 117 AD - 138 AD
- SABINA - wife of Hadrian
- AELIUS (Lucius Aelius Verus Caesar) 136 AD - 138 AD
ANTONINUS PIUS (Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionus Arrius Antoninus) 138 AD - 161 AD
- FAUSTINA senior - wife of Antoninus Pius
- MARCUS AURELIUS (Marcus Aelius Aurelius Antoninus) 161 AD - 180 AD
- FAUSTINA junior - wife of Marcus Aurelius
- LUCIUS VERUS (Lucius Aurelius Verus) 161 AD - 169 AD
- LUCILLA - wife of Lucius Verus
- COMMODUS (Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus) 177 AD - 192 AD
- CRISPINA - wife of Commodus
- PERTINAX (P. Helvius Pertinax) 193 AD
- DIDIUS JULIANUS (M. Didius Julianus) 193 AD
- MANLIA SCANTILLA - wife of Didius Julianus
- DIDIA CLARA - daughter of Didius Julianus
- PESCENNIUS NIGER (C. Pescennius Niger) 193 AD - 194 AD
CLODIUS ALBINUS (Decimus Clodius Septimius Albinus) 195 AD - 197 AD
SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS (Lucius Septimius Severus) 193 AD - 211 AD
- JULIA DOMNA - wife of Septimius Severus
- CARACALLA (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus) 198 AD - 217 AD
- PLAUTILLA - wife of Caracalla
- GETA (Publius Septimius Geta) 209 AD - 212 AD
MACRINUS (Marcus Opellius Severus Macrinus) 217 AD - 218 AD
DIADUMENIAN (Marcus Opellius Diadumenianus) 218 AD
ELAGABALUS (Varius Avitus Bassianus) 218 AD - 222 AD
- JULIA PAULA - first wife of Elagabalus
- AQUILLIA SEVERA - second wife of Elagabalus
- JULIA SOAEMIAS - mother of Elagabalus
- JULIA MAESA - grandmother of Elagabalus and Severus Alexander
- SEVERUS ALEXANDER (M. Aurelius Severus Alexander) 222 AD - 235 AD
- ORBIANA - wife of Severus Alexander
- JULIA MAMAEA - mother of Severus Alexander
- MAXIMINUS I (Gaius Julius Verus (Thrax)) 235 AD - 238 AD
- PAULINA -wife of Maximinus I
- MAXIMUS (C. Julius Verus Maximus) 235 AD - 238 AD
GORDIAN I Africanus (Marcus Antonius Gordianus) 238 AD
GORDIAN II Africanus (Marcus Antonius Gordianus) 238 AD
BALBINUS (Decius Caelius Calvinus Balbinus) 238 AD
PUPIENUS (M. Clodius Pupienus Maximus) 238 AD
GORDIAN III (Marcus Antonius Gordianus) 238 AD - 244 AD
- TRANQUILLINA - wife of Gordian III
- PHILIP I (Marcus Julius Philippus) 244 AD - 249 AD
- OTACILLIA SEVERA - wife of Philip I
- PHILIP II (M. Julius Philippus) 247 AD - 249 AD
PACATIAN (Ti. Claudius Marinus Pacatianus) c. 248 AD
JOTAPIAN (M. Fulvius Rufus Iotapianus) c. 248 AD
SILBANNACUS c. 249 AD
TRAJAN DECIUS (Gaius Messius Quintus Traianus Decius) 249 AD - 251 AD
- HERENNIA ETRUSCILLA - wife of Trajan Decius
- HERENNIUS ETRUSCUS (Quintus Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius) 251 AD
HOSTILIAN (C. Valens Hostilianus Messius Quintus) 251 AD
TREBONIANUS GALLUS (Gaius Vibius Trebonianus Gallus) 251 AD - 253 AD
VOLUSIAN (C. Vibius Afinius Gallus Vendumnianus Volusianus) 251 AD - 253 AD
AEMILIAN (M. Aemilius Aemilianus) 253 AD
URANIUS ANTONINUS (J. Julius Aurelius Sulpicius Uranius Antoninus) c 253 AD - 254 AD
VALERIAN I (Publius Licinius Valerianus) 253 AD - 260 AD
- MARINIANA - wife of Valerian I
- GALLIENUS (Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus) 253 AD - 268 AD
- SALONINA - wife of Gallienus
- VALERIAN II (P. Cornelius Licinius Valerianus) 256 AD - 258 AD
SALONINUS (Cornelius Saloninus Valerianus) 259 AD
MACRIANUS (Fulvius Junius Macrianus) 260 AD - 261 AD
QUIETUS (Fulvius Junius Quietus) 260 AD - 261 AD
REGALIANUS (P. Caius Regalianus) c 260 AD
POSTUMUS (Marcus Cassianius Postumus) 259 AD - 268 AD
LAELIANUS (Ulpius Cornelius Laelianus) 268 AD
MARIUS (Marcus Aurelius Marius) 268 AD
DOMITIANUS c. 268 AD
VICTORINUS (Marcus Piavonius Victorinus) 268 AD - 270 AD
TETRICUS I (C. Pius Esuvius Tetricus) 270 AD - 273 AD
TETRICUS II (C. Pius Esuvius Tetricus) 270 AD - 273 AD
CLAUDIUS II, Gothicus (Marcus Aurelius Claudius Gothicus) 268 AD - 270 AD
QUINTILLUS (M. Aurelius Claudius Quintillus) 270 AD
AURELIAN (Lucius Domitius Aurelianus) 270 AD - 275 AD
ZENOBIA (Septimia Zenobia) 267 - 270 AD
VABALATHUS (sometimes called Athenodorus) 271 AD - 272 AD
TACITUS (M. Claudius Tacitus) 275 AD - 276 AD
FLORIANUS (Marcus Annius Florianus) 276 AD
PROBUS (M. Aurelius Probus) 276 AD - 282 AD
BONOSUS 280 AD
SATURNINUS (Sextus Julius Saturninus) c. 280 AD
CARUS (Marcus Aurelius Carus) 282 AD - 283 AD
NUMERIAN (Marcus Aurelius Numerianus) 283 AD - 284 AD
CARINUS (Marcus Aurelius Carinus) 283 AD - 285 AD
- MAGNIA URBICA - wife of Carinus
- JULIAN OF PANNONIA (M. Aurelius Julianus) 284 AD - 285 AD
DIOCLETIAN (Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus) 284 AD - 305 AD
AMANDUS 285 AD - 286 AD
DOMITIUS DOMITIANUS (Lucius Domitius Domitianus) 296 AD - 297 AD
CARAUSIUS (M. Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius) 287 AD - 293 AD
ALLECTUS 293 AD - 296 AD
MAXIMIANUS (Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus) 286 AD - 305 AD
CONSTANTIUS I (Gaius Flavius Valerius Constantius) 305 AD - 306 AD
- HELENA - first wife of Constantius I and mother of Constantine I
- THEODORA - second wife of Constantius I
- GALERIUS (Galerius Valerius Maximianus) 305 AD - 311 AD
- GALERIA VALERIA - wife of Galerius
- SEVERUS II (Flavius Valerius Severus) 306 AD - 307 AD
MAXIMINUS II (Galerius Valerius Maximinus) 309 AD - 313 AD
MAXENTIUS (M. Aurelius Valerius Maxentius) 306 AD - 312 AD
- ROMULUS - son of Maxentius
- ALEXANDER (L. Domitius Alexander) 308 AD - 309 AD
LICINIUS I (Valerius Licinianus Licinius) 308 AD - 324 AD
LICINIUS II (Valerius Licinianus Licinius) 317 AD - 324 AD
VALENS (Aurelius Valerius Valens) 314 AD
MARTINIAN (Marcus Martinianus) 324 AD
CONSTANTINE I (the Great) (Flavius Valerius Constantinus) 307 AD - 337 AD
- FAUSTA - wife of Constantine I
- CRISPUS (Gaius Flavius Julius) 317 AD - 326 AD
DELMATIUS (Flavius Delmatius) 335 AD - 337 AD
HANNIBALLIANUS 335 AD - 337 AD
CONSTANTINE II (Flavius Claudius Constantinus) 337 AD - 340 AD
CONSTANS (Flavius Julius Constans) 337 AD - 350 AD
CONSTANTIUS II (Flavius Julius Constantius) 337 AD - 361 AD
MAGNETIUS (Flavus Magnus Magnetius) 350 AD - 353 AD
DECENTIUS (Magnus Decentius) 351 AD - 353 AD
VETRANIO 350 AD
NEPOTIAN (Flavius Julius Popilius Nepotianus Constantinus) 350 AD
CONSTANTIUS GALLUS (Flavius Claudius Constantius (originally Gallus)) 351 AD - 354 AD
JULIAN II (Flavius Claudius Julianus) 360 AD - 363 AD
JOVIAN (Flavius Jovianus) 363 AD - 364 AD
Western Emperors see below for Eastern Emperors
VALENTINIAN I (Flavius Valentinianus) 364 AD - 375 AD
GRATIAN (Flavius Gratianus) 367 AD - 383 AD
VALENTINIAN II (Flavius Valentinianus) 375 AD - 392 AD
- MAGNUS MAXIMUS (Magnus Clemens Maximus) 383 AD - 388 AD
FLAVIUS VICTOR 387 AD - 388 AD
EUGENIUS 392 AD - 394 AD
- HONORIUS (Flavius Honorius) 393 AD - 423 AD
CONSTANTINE III 402 AD - 450 AD
CONSTANS 408 - 411 AD
MAXIMUS 409 - 411 AD
PRISCUS ATTALUS 409-410/414-415 AD
- JOVINUS 411 - 413 AD
SEBASTIANUS 412 - 413 AD
CONSTANTIUS III 421 AD
- GALLA PLACIDIA -daughter of Theodosius I, wife of Constantius III
HONORIA daughter of Constantius III
- JOHANNES 423 - 425 AD
VALENTINIAN III 425 - 455 AD
- LICINIA EUDOXIA -daughter of Theodosius II, wife of Valentinian III
- PETRONIUS MAXIMUS 455 AD
AVITUS 455 - 456 AD
MAJORIAN 457 - 461 AD
SEVERUS III 461 - 465 AD
- ANTHEMIUS 467 - 472 AD
- EUPHEMIA - daughter of Marcian, wife of Anthemius
- OLYBRIUS 472 AD
GLYCERIUS 473 - 474 AD
JULIUS NEPOS 474 - 475 AD
ROMULUS AUGUSTUS 475 - 476 AD
Eastern Emperors
VALENS (Flavius Valens) 364 AD - 378 AD
PROCOPIUS 365 AD - 366 AD
THEODOSIUS I (Flavius Theodosius) 379 AD - 395 AD
- AELIA FLACCILLA - wife of Theodosius I
- ARCADIUS (Flavius Arcadius) 383 AD - 408 AD
- EUDOXIA - wife of Arcadius
- THEODOSIUS II 402 AD - 450 AD
- EUDOCIA -wife of Theodosius II
PULCHERIA daughter of Arcadius, regent for Theodosius II
- MARCIAN 450 AD - 457 AD
LEO I 457 - 474 AD
- VERINA -wife of Leo I
ARIADNE -daughter of Leo I
- LEO II 473 - 474 AD
ZENO 474 - 491 AD
BASILISCUS 475 - 476 AD
ZENO And LEO Caesars
LEONTIUS 484 - 488 AD
ANASTASIUS I 491 - 518 AD
The coinage reforms of Anastasius marks the start of the Byzantine period.
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