| Most viewed - Stkp's Gallery |
Austria. Albert II (the Wise), Duke of Austria and Styria (1330-1358)656 viewsLuschin/Szego 140, CNA B 236.
AR Pfennig, Vienna mint, 14-15 mm.
Obv: Hare facing left.
Rev: Shield.
“Until the 12th century, coins were needed above all for exports; daily transactions were generally barter transactions. As the economy began to operate increasingly on the principle of the division of labor and as cities began to grow, money started to acquire more and more importance for regional trade. Municipal records show that even in Austria under Babenberg rule, money payments to feudal lords began to replace payments in kind. The growing monetarization of society ushered in a new phase in the history of coins. Monetary systems became regionalized. The denar, formerly used for external trade and exports, was replaced by the regional pfennig. New monetary borders came into existence, within which the rulers with coinage rights tried to enforce the compulsory, exclusive use of their own coins. Under Babenberg rule, the Vienna pfennig was accorded the role of regional money used in Austria. The Vienna pfennig came into its own when the mint was moved from Krems to Vienna at the end of the 12th century. It served as a means of payment for daily monetary transactions and remained a monetary unit even when large foreign coins were used to settle the growing volume of trade transactions – gold coins such as the Venetian or Florentine ducat and large silver coins like the Prague groschen. In the course of the 14th century, it became established as a currency in nearly the entire area covered by modern-day Austria, with the exception of Tyrol and Vorarlberg.” (“Money and Trade during the Era of the Silver Pfennig.” Oesterreichische Nationalbank
“It is assumed that most of the 13th and 14th century reverses are not legible at all. This is entirely normal as the obverses were usually struck after the reverses.” (Szego, at 52). The reverse of this issue was the arms of mintmaster Heinrich Schucheler (per Jean Elsen, List 263 Lot 395).Stkp
|
|
Huszár 716, Pohl 217, Unger 563, Réthy II 236 332 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar.
Obv: + M MAThIE R VnGARIE, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), raven in center.
Rev: PETROn — VnGAR, Nimbate (beaded halo) veiled Madonna with infant Jesus to her right, K—patriarchal cross (privy mark) in fields.
This type was struck in Kremnitz (formerly Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Veit Mülstein, oberkammergraf, in 1470-1471 (per Pohl) or 1468-1470 (per Huszár & Unger, although these dates do not entirely coincide with Mülstein's tenure at the Kremnitz mint). Said to possibly be a contemporary counterfeit by Huszár.
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 6.
The substitution of the letter E for the letter A in the word PATROn is not described in Huszár (although depicted there, and in Pohl), nor depicted in Unger or Réthy. Mülstein also made this substitution in another emission bearing this privy mark. Stkp
|
|
Huszár 717, Pohl 216-13, Unger 562m, Réthy II 235A, Kaplan Subtype B 317 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar.
Obv: M MAThIE • R VnGARE, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), raven in center.
Rev: PATROn – VnGARE, Veiled Madonna with infant Jesus to her right, n–crossed hammers (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck 1468-1470 (per Unger), 1468-1481 (per Huszár) or 1468-1484 (per Pohl), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g.
Those with this privy mark were struck in Nagybánya (now Baia Mare, Romania) under a collective citizenry mark in 1470 (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 3. It is a highly variable type with four Subtypes. Subtype B is one of the more common, comprising around 30% of the coins in the emission. This is a common privy mark, appearing only on this subtype and on almost 30% of the coins of this type.
Subtype B coins lack a cross at the beginning of the obverse legend, which is M MAThIE • R • VnGARIE (or a minor variant), either lack an escutcheon or have just faint hints of one, and are without a ring in the raven's beak. They are neither described nor depicted in any of the catalogs.
The heads of the Madonna and infant Jesus tend to be angled to the right on coins of this type with this privy mark. They also display a differently styled letter A than all others of the type.
Stkp
|
|
Schjöth ----, Hartill (QC) ----, Hartill (CCC) ----, KM ---299 viewsQianlong (1736-1795)
1 cash (cast brass), Board of Revenue/Board of Works mints (both in Beijing) mule, 22 mm.
Obv: Qianlong tongbao.
Rev: Boo yuwan.
Note: The obverse is of Type G1/Hartill (QC) 5.106 promulgated by the eastern branch of the Board of Revenue mint between approximately 1782 and 1795. The reverse is of Type E1/Hartill (QC) 6.66-67, promulgated by the Board of Works mint between approximately 1768 and approximately 1773. This is a fantasy coin which was perhaps fabricated by a mint worker, although the motivation for doing so is obscure. It is the subject of Kaplan, Steven H. “A Qianlong Board of Revenue/Board of Works Mule.” Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society, No. 208 (Summer, 2011), p. 47.
Hartill rarity –Stkp
|
|
Urbs Roma Alexandria289 viewsRIC VIII Alexandria 8
Alexandria mint, first officina, struck under Constantine II, Constantius II and Constans, 337-April 340 A.D.
AE4, 16 mm.
Obv: VRBS ROMA, helmeted plumed bust of Roma left, wearing imperial cloak and ornamental necklace.
Rev: She-wolf standing left, suckling the twins (Romulus and Remus), two stars above, S-R to sides, SMALA in exergue.
RIC rarity c2Stkp
|
|
Coin Weight for Hungarian Ducat (=aranyforint = gulden)289 viewsAE 13 mm x 14 mm x 1.5 mm; original weight 3.5 gr.
Withers, P. and B.R., "Lions, Ships & Angels: The Galata Guide to Identifying Coin-Weights Found in Britain" (1995 & 2nd ed. revised 2011), p. 29 (per the dealer's flip).
Obv: Crowned St. Lászlo (= Ladislaus) standing facing, holding long cross in right hand and globus cruciger in left, flanked by H-D (= Hungaricus Ducatus), all in a beaded circle.
Rev: Blank.
The Hungarian aranyforint was struck in great quantities and circulated widely throughout Europe, so that they are found as far afield as England and Scotland. As many currencies circulated throughout Europe, coin weights were sold in boxed sets containing weights for a wide variety of coins that a merchant may encounter, together with a scale.
The obverse devise on this weight is similar to the medieval depiction of St. Lászlo which continuously appeared on the aranyforint from the reign of Lajos I (1342-1382) through the reign of Lajos II (1516-1526), and after the defeat of Hungary by the Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Mohács, on the ayanyforints of János Szapolyai (1526-1540), but not on those of his Habsburg rival, Ferdinand I (1526-1564), or on those of the subsequent Habsburg kings of Hungary (the depiction of St. Lászlo on the Habsburg coins, and even on some of the later Jagiellon issues, was in a Renaissance style). The devise on the weight differs from that on the aranyforint primarily in that (a) St. Lászlo is holding a long cross rather than a halberd; and (b) St. Lászlo is not nimbate (although he is not consistently nimbate on the later Jagiellon issues and is not nimbate on the issues of János Szapolyai). The style of this weight suggests that it was manufactured pre- Mohács, and according to Withers, it was made in Germany during the 1400’s to 1500’s (Note: I am reliant upon the dealer’s flip for this information, as I have not been able to obtain Withers). However, a number of similarly styled coin weights issued by Antwerp masters who were active in the mid to late 1500’s (i.e., Bernaert Foncq (active 1550-1578), his son, Hans Foncq (active 1577-1603) and Rogier Verpoorten (active ca. 1580 and later)) indicates that the medieval St. Lászlo continued to appear on coin weights even after that style had become obsolete on the actual coins. presenting the possibility that this weight may have been manufactured post-Mohács.Stkp
|
|
Schjöth 1463, Hartill 5.115 Type H.1, KM 389285 viewsQianlong (1736-1795)
1 cash (cast brass), 1796-1798 [?], Board of Revenue mint (in Beijing), east branch, 24 mm.
Obv: Qianlong tongbao.
Rev: Boo chiowan.
The Shanlongs (Type H) were cast during the period in which Qianlong had officially abdicated in favor of Jiaqing, but was still ruling as the Great Super Emperor (1796-1800). The type is comprised of coins with a special form of long and a closed bei.
Subtype H.1 is comprised of coins with vertical dots in the tong. The east branch of the mint cast coins with a six stroke bei and a square head tong.
Hartill rarity 9Stkp
|
|
Jeton, brass 21 mm., undated.282 viewsMitchiner 1995, Hofstee, 7 var.
Obv: Bust of Minerva right, wearing helmet, MINERVA CUSTOS URBIS (Minerva, protector of the City . . . ).
Rev: TRAI / ECTUM / PER / DUO / SAECULA / MUSIS / SACRUM (. . . of Utrecht for the two centuries since its founding; dedicated to the Muses), within laurel wreath.
Minted in Nuremberg in 1836 to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the founding of the University of Utrecht in 1636.
very common
Attribution assistance courtesy of Robert A. LevinsonStkp
|
|
Huszar 803, Pohl 238-4, Unger 638e, Rethy II 276. Kaplan (pub. pending) Subtype A1280 viewsHungary. Wladislaus II (Ulaszlo II in Hun.) (1490-1516). AR denar.
Obv: M.WLADISLAI.R.VNGARIE., Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Arpadian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), Bohemian lion in escutcheon, hollow pellets at sides.
Rev: PATRON--VNGARIE, Nimbate crowned Madonna with nimbate infant Jesus to her right, K--S/retrograde E in fields.
Struck in Kremnitz (formerly Kormocbanya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Stephanus Ryzmegl and Erasmus Rezl, joint unterkammergraffen, in 1497 (per Pohl & Unger) or ca. 1490-1502 (per Huszar).
Huszar/Pohl rarity rating 3. Kaplan subtype A is the standard form of this emission, in which the Madonna and infant Jesus are nimbate (described in Huszar, depicted in Unger & Rethy), and sub-subtype 1 is the most common variety, in which there are hollow pellets to the sides of the shield (depicted in Unger). This is a less common variation of the mintmark in that the E is retrograde. Stkp
|
|
Huszár 717, Pohl 216-6, Unger 562f, Réthy II 235A, Kaplan Subtype C 279 viewsHungary. Matthias “Corvinus” (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar, 16 mm.
Obv: M • MAThIE • R • hVnGARIE •, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), raven in escutcheon.
Rev: MATROnA – hVnGAR rosette, Veiled Madonna with infant Jesus to her right, C–lily (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck 1468-1470 (per Unger), 1468-1481 (per Huszár) or 1468-1484 (per Pohl) with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g. Those with this privy mark were struck in Kaschau (Kassa in Hun., now Košice, Slovakia) under a collective citizenry privy mark in 1468 (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 3. It is a highly variable type with four Subtypes. Subtype C is one of the least common, comprising around 10% of the coins in the emission. This is an uncommon privy mark, appearing only on this subtype and on less than 5% of the coins of this type.
Subtype C coins lack a cross at the beginning of the obverse legend, which is M • MAThIE • R • hVnGARIE • (or a minor variant), have an escutcheon, and are without a ring in the raven's beak. They are neither described nor depicted in any of the catalogs.
There is typically a highly stylized Gothic letter T, which looks like the letter C, on coins of this subtype, but this feature is not present on this coin. The reverse legend is typically MATROnA (or a minor variant) rather than PATROnA (or a minor variant) on coins of this type from this mint.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 717, Pohl 216-10, Unger 562j, Réthy II 235A, Kaplan Subtype A 278 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar.
Obv: + M MAThIE R VnGARIE, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), raven in center.
Rev: PETROn – VnGAR, Veiled Madonna with infant Jesus to her right, K – patriarchal cross (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck 1468-1470 (per Unger), 1468-1481 (per Huszár) or 1468-1484 (per Pohl), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g.
This privy mark was struck in Kremnitz (formerly Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Veit Mülstein, oberkammergraf, in 1470 (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 4. This is a highly variable type with four Subtypes. Subtype A is the most common variety, comprising around 50% of the coins in the emission. This is a common privy mark, appearing only on this subtype and on around 15% of the coins of this type.
In Subtype A coins, the obverse legend is + M MAThIE • R • VnGARIE (or a minor variant), per Huszár and Pohl, but contrary to the description in Huszár, there is either no escutcheon or just faint hints of an escutcheon, and there is no ring in the raven's beak. They are depicted in Huszár/Pohl but not depicted in Unger or Réthy.
The substitution of the letter E for the letter A in the word PATROn is not described in Huszár (although depicted there, and in Pohl), nor depicted in Unger or Réthy. Mülstein also made this substitution in another emission bearing this privy mark.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 717, Pohl 216-7, Unger 562g, Réthy II 235A, Kaplan Subtype B271 viewsHungary. Matthias “Corvinus” (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar, 15 mm.
Obv: M MAhTIE R • hVGARIE â—¦, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), raven in center.
Rev: PATROn – VnGARIE, Veiled Madonna with infant Jesus to her right, h–T (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck 1468-1470 (per Unger), 1468-1481 (per Huszár) or 1468-1484 (per Pohl), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g.
This privy mark was struck in Hermannstadt (formerly Nagyszeben, Hungary (Translyvania), now Sibiu, Romania) by Thomas Althemberger, kammergraf, in 1468 (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 3. It is a highly variable type with four subtypes. Subtype B is one of the more common subtypes, comprising around 30% of the coins in the emission. This is an uncommon privy mark, appearing only on this subtype and on only around 2% of the coins of this type.
Subtype B coins lack a cross at the beginning of the obverse legend, which is M MAThIE • R • VnGARIE (or a minor variant), either lack an escutcheon or have just faint hints of an escutcheon, and there is no ring in the raven's beak. They are neither described nor depicted in any of the catalogs.Stkp
|
|
Huszár 724, Pohl 225, Unger 569a-b, Réthy II 238, Kaplan Subtype A265 viewsHungary. Matthias “Corvinus” (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar, 14.5 mm.
Obv: + MONETA – VNGARIE, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), raven with ring in escutcheon, small Szapolyai shield (rampant unicorn facing left) below.
Rev: PATRO – VNG, Crowned nimbate Madonna with nimbate infant Jesus to her right, S–W in fields.
The type was probably struck in occupied Vienna by István Szapolyai, the Hungarian provincial governor, 1487-1490 (per Pohl) or 1489-1490 (per Huszár) or ca. 1485-1490 (per Unger), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g.
Subtype A is the standard variety of this emission, in which the legends are in a Renaissance style.
Historic Note: There had been tension and sporadic warfare between Matthias and Frederick III of Austria (the Holy Roman Emperor) from the inception of Matthias's reign. On June 1, 1485 Vienna fell to the Hungarian forces. Matthias made the city his capital, and declared himself Duke of Austria. The city reverted to Habsburg control immediately after Matthias died.Stkp
|
|
Huszár 575, Pohl 116, Unger 448, Réthy II 120264 viewsHungary. Sigismund (Zsigmond, in Hun.) of Luxembourg (1387-1437; Holy Roman Emperor 1433-1437). AR denar, 14 mm.
Obv: + MOnET S[IGISM]VnDI, Patriarchal cross.
Rev: + REGIS Vn[GA]RIE, Four-part shield (Árpádian stripes and Brandenburg eagle).
The type was struck in 1387-1389 (per Pohl, Huszár & Unger) in Buda (now Budapest) by Onofrio Bardi (per Pohl & Huszár).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 6. The descriptions and depictions vary amongst the references with respect to the presence or absence of pellets in the reverse legend. This coin comports with the description and depictions in Unger and Réthy.
This emission was disparagingly called a “bardus” (stupid, slow or dull, in Latin) by contemporaries, and remained in circulation until 1427. It was struck with a nominal fineness of 0.582 silver and an average weight of 0.51 g. (per Huszár). However, Engel notes that early in the reign of Sigismund, the process of devaluation of the denar, which had begun under Louis I (1342-1382), continued at an accelerating rate, and “collapse[d].” Thus, while 240 denars were the equivalent of an aranyforint in 1386, by 1390 300 denars were the aranyforint’s equivalent.
“Owing to inner strife and disordered general conditions, the coins [of this period] were usually minted with extremely low precious metal content; moreover, poor mintages were often struck with negligently engraved dies. As a result of the hurried, superficial minting, it was sometimes doubtful whether a faulty coin had been issued officially, or was a forgery” (Huszár 1963, at 15).
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 699, Pohl 199-2, Unger 553b, Réthy II 217263 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). Billon denar.
Obv: x [MOnETA • MATh]IE • DG, Shield (Árpádian stripes)
Rev: REGI[S • h—VnGAR]I[E], Patriarchal cross, B–S (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck 1458-1460 (per Pohl, Huszár & Unger). This privy mark was struck in Buda (now Budapest) by Stephan Kowách, kammergraf (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 4.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 719, Pohl 221-3, Unger 565a, Réthy II 239A 259 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar.
Obv: + M • MAThIE • R • hVnGARIE, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, crowned lion of Beszterce), raven in escutcheon.
Rev: • PATROn — VnGARI, Crowned Madonna with infant Jesus to her left, K—P/V (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck 1482-1486 (per Huszár & Unger) or 1479-1485 (per Pohl), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g. This privy mark was struck in Kremnitz (formerly Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Paul Peck, kammergraf, and Veit Mülstein, oberkammergraf (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 3. This is an uncommon privy mark, appearing on only around 1% of the coins of this type.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 729, Pohl 226-1, Unger 579a, Réthy II 242259 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR obol, .32 g.
Obv: Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), raven with ring in its beak within escutcheon, pellets to sides.
Rev: Nimbate crowned Madonna with nimbate infant Jesus to her right, K–P/rossette (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck in 1488-1490 (per Pohl), 1489 (per Unger), or 1489-1490 (per Huszár), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g. This privy mark was struck in Kremnitz (formerly Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Peter Schaider, oberkammergraf, in 1488 (per Pohl) or 1489 (per Unger).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 5.
Stkp
|
|
Alawi Sharifs (Morocco). Sidi Mohammed IV (1859-1873)248 viewsKM C 166.1, Eustache __, Valentine --
Cast Bronze, 4 fallus dated 1288/7 A.H. = 1871 A.D., Fes mint, 28 mm.
Obv: Seal of Solomon.
Rev: Mint name (Fes) and date (1288/7) within two circles.
Stkp
|
|
Schjöth 1463, Hartill 5.116 Type H.1, KM 389248 viewsQianlong (1736-1795)
1 cash (cast brass), 1796-1798 [?], Board of Revenue mint (in Beijing), south branch, 24 mm.
Obv: Qianlong tongbao.
Rev: Boo chiowan.
The Shanlongs (Type H) were cast during the period in which Qianlong had officially abdicated in favor of Jiaqing, but was still ruling as the Great Super Emperor (1796-1800). The type is comprised of coins with a special form of long and a closed bei.
Subtype H.1 is comprised of coins with vertical dots in the tong. The south branch of the mint cast coins with a straight gan and a square head tong.
Hartill rarity 9Stkp
|
|
Huszár 710, Pohl 210--, Unger 558--, Réthy II 227246 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). Billon denar.
Obv: + MOnETA • [MAThIE • DEI •] G, Raven with ring in its beak facing right, n—club [?] (privy mark) in fields
Rev: [REGIS] hVnGARIE •, Crowned shield (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross).
The type was struck 1465 (per Pohl, Huszár & Unger. This privy mark was struck in Nagybánya (now Baia Mare, Romania).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 4. Unrecorded privy mark.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 717, Pohl 216-7, Unger 562g, Réthy II 235A, Kaplan Subtype B244 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar.
Obv: M MAhTIE [•] R • hVGARIE, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), raven in center.
Rev: PATRO – VGARIE, Veiled Madonna with infant Jesus to her right, h–T (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck 1468-1470 (per Unger), 1468-1481 (per Huszár) or 1468-1484 (per Pohl), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g.
This privy mark was struck in Hermannstadt (formerly Nagyszeben, Hungary (Translyvania), now Sibiu, Romania) by Thomas Althemberger, kammergraf, in 1468 (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 3. It is a highly variable type with four subtypes. Subtype B is one of the more common subtypes, comprising around 30% of the coins in the emission. This is an uncommon privy mark, appearing only on this subtype and on only around 2% of the coins of this type.
Subtype B coins lack a cross at the beginning of the obverse legend, which is M MAThIE • R • VnGARIE (or a minor variant), either lack an escutcheon or have just faint hints of an escutcheon, and there is no ring in the raven's beak. They are neither described nor depicted in any of the catalogs.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 722, Pohl 223-1, Unger 567b&e, Réthy II 232, Kaplan Subtype A 244 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar, 16 mm.
Obv: + M • MATHIE • R • VNGARIE •, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), raven with ring in escutcheon, pellets to sides.
Rev: PATRON — VNGARIE •, Nimbate crowned Madonna with nimbate infant Jesus to her right, K—P/rosette (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck in 1487-1490 (per Pohl) or 1489-1490 (per Huszár & Unger), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g. This privy mark was struck in Kremnitz (formerly Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Peter Schaider, oberkammergraf (per Pohl), in 1489 (per Pohl & Unger).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 4. This type has three subtypes. Subtype A comprises around 70% of the coins of this emission. This privy mark appears on multiple subtypes, and on roughly 85% of the coins of this type.
Subtype A coins have pellets to the sides of the shield. It is depicted in Pohl, and also in Unger and Réthy (albeit inaccurately – they do not depict a ring in the raven’s beak).
Stkp
|
|
Alawi Sharifs (Morocco). Sidi Mohammed IV (1859-1873)243 viewsKM C 166.1, Eustache 1250, Valentine 145
Cast Bronze, 4 fallus dated 1290 A.H. = 1873/74 A.D., Fes mint, 27 mm.
Obv: Seal of Solomon.
Rev: Mint name (Fes) and date (1290) within two circles.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 717, Pohl 216-9, Unger 562i, Réthy II 235A, Kaplan Subtype A 242 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar.
Obv: + M MAThIE R VnGARIE, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), raven in center.
Rev: PATROn — VnGAR •, Veiled Madonna with infant Jesus to her right, K –shield (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck 1468-1470 (per Unger), 1468-1481 (per Huszár) or 1468-1484 (per Pohl), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g.
This privy mark was struck in Kremnitz (formerly Körmöcbánya,
Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Johannes Constorfer, kammergraf, in 1469 (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 3. This is a highly variable type with four subtypes. Subtype A is the most common variety, comprising around 50% of the coins in the emission. This is a common privy mark, appearing only on this subtype and on around 33% of the coins of this type.
In Subtype A coins, the obverse legend is + M MAThIE.R.VnGARIE (or a minor variant), per Huszar and Pohl, but contrary to the description in Huszár, there is either no escutcheon or just faint hints of an escutcheon, and there is no ring in the raven's beak. They are depicted in Huszár/Pohl but not depicted in Unger or Réthy.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 592, Pohl 127-2, Unger 461b, Réthy II 135B 239 viewsHungary. Albert (1437-1439). AR denar, 14 mm.
Obv: M • ALB[ERTI] • – R • VnGARIE •, Patriarchal cross, C–D (privy mark) in fields.
Rev: Central shield with Árpádian stripes, surrounded by three shields bearing (in clockwise order) Austrian stripe, Moravian eagle and Bohemian lion, all within border.
The type was struck in 1438-40 (per Unger) or 1439 (per Pohl) or 1439-1440 (per Huszár). This privy mark was struck in Kaschau (formerly Kassa, Hungary, now Košice, Slovakia).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 5.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 717, Pohl 216-4, Unger 562d, Réthy II 235A, Kaplan Subtype C238 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar.
Obv: M • MAThIE • R • hVnGARIE •, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), raven in escutcheon.
Rev: PATROn – VnGARIE, Veiled Madonna with infant Jesus to her right, B–S (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck 1468-1470 (per Unger), 1468-1481 (per Huszár) or 1468-1484 (per Pohl), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g.
This privy mark was struck in Buda (now Budapest) by Stephen Mikola or Stephen Kowách in 1468 (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 3. It is a highly variable type with four Subtypes. Subtype C is one of the least common, comprising around 10% of the coins in the emission. This is an uncommon privy mark, appearing only on this subtype and on only around 1% of the coins of this type.
Subtype C coins lack a cross at the beginning of the obverse legend, which is M • MAThIE • R • hVnGARIE • (or a minor variant), have an escutcheon, and are without a ring in the raven's beak. They are neither described nor depicted in any of the catalogs.
There is typically a highly stylized Gothic letter T, which looks like the letter C, on coins of this subtype. On those struck in Buda this letter appears on the obverse.
Stkp
|
|
Alawi Sharifs (Morocco). Sidi Mohammed IV (1859-1873)231 viewsKM C 163.5, Eustache 1210, Valentine --
Cast Bronze, 2 fallus dated 1278 A.H. = 1861/62 A.D., Hawz (of Tetuan) mint, 5.16 g., 22 mm.
Obv: Seal of Solomon.
Rev: Mint name (Tetuan) and date (1278) within circle.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 576, Pohl 117-1, Unger 449a, Réthy II 121230 viewsHungary. Sigismund (Zsigmond, in Hun.) of Luxembourg (1387-1437; Holy Roman Emperor 1433-1437). AR denar, 14 mm.
Obv: MOn • SIG—ISMVnDI, Patriarchal cross.
Rev: + • REGIS VnGARIE ETC, Four-part shield (Árpádian stripes and Brandenburg eagle).
The type was struck in 1390-1427 (per Pohl, Huszár & Unger).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 4. The descriptions and depictions vary amongst the references with respect to the presence or absence of pellets in the reverse legend. This coin comports with the description and depictions in Huszár.
This emission was withdrawn from circulation after 1427. It was struck with a nominal fineness of 0.582 silver and an average weight of 0.51 g. (per Huszár). However, Engel notes that in 1390 Sigismund was able to temporarily restore the stability of the denar by the issuance of this new emission, which was referred to as nova moneta. For thirteen years the value of the denar remained stable, and 100 were the equivalent of the aranyforint. In 1403 debasement occurred, and130 were the equivalent of the aranyforint. The debasements continued, so that by 1406 the price of an aranyforint was 160 denars, it was 200 in 1421, 225 in 1423 and 320 in 1426.
“Owing to inner strife and disordered general conditions, the coins [of this period] were usually minted with extremely low precious metal content; moreover, poor mintages were often struck with negligently engraved dies. As a result of the hurried, superficial minting, it was sometimes doubtful whether a faulty coin had been issued officially, or was a forgery” (Huszár 1963, at 15).
Stkp
|
|
B & S. Steinhouse/Nachlass Zkainim Home For the Aged (Montreal, Quebec, Canada)230 viewsAE token, 34 mm., 15.78 gr., undated (but probably minted ca. 1927).
Obv: B & S.S & N.Z. HOME FOR THE AGED, and • MONTREAL •, within border around rim, 25¢ to left and right of building in center, SOUVENIR below building.
Rev: KEEP ME and GOOD LUCK within border in upper and lower rim, “תשליכנו / לצת זקנה אל„ [Do not cast us off in our old age. (Psalm 71:9)] and DO NOT CAST US / OFF AT OUR OLD AGE, in center, between profiles of elderly man and woman facing left and right, respectively.
Ref: Randolph, Marc A. “Jewish Homes for the Aged Tokens,” The Shekel, XXXVI No. 3 (May-June 2003) 14-19, Figure 2.
Note: The B & S. Steinhouse Old People’s Home opened in Montreal in 1923 and soon merged with the Nachlass Zkainim Home. In 1927, encouraged by the newly formed Federation of Jewish Philanthropies of Montreal, the combined B & S. Steinhouse/Nachlass Zkainim Home For the Aged amalgamated with the Montreal Hebrew Sheltering Home, a/k/a Moshav Zkainim (which was founded in 1910, and then housed six residents on Evans Street). The institution raised funds for the construction of a larger building on land owned by the Montreal Sheltering Home on Esplanade Street. By 1945, the average age of new residents was over eighty, and increased medical and nursing staff were required. The institution changed its name to Maimonides Hospital and Home for the Aged to reflect this expanded role. The institution still exists, as the Maimonides Geriatric Center of McGill University.
Note: The token was issued sometime between 1923 (when B & S. Steinhouse Old People’s Home opened) and 1945 (when the amalgamated institution changed its name to Maimonides Hospital and Home for the Aged), and probably no later than 1927 (when the combined B & S. Steinhouse/Nachlass Zkainim Home For the Aged) amalgamated with the Montreal Hebrew Sheltering Home, a/k/a Moshav Zkainim). It may even have been issued in connection with the fund drive that was initiated in 1927 to build the larger building on Esplanade Street.Stkp
|
|
Huszár 718, Pohl 219-4, Unger 564f, Réthy II 234, Kaplan Subtype A 226 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar.
Obv: + MOnETA • MAThIE • R • VnGAR, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, crowned lion of Berszterce), raven in escutcheon.
Rev: • PATROn – VnGARI •, Veiled Madonna with infant Jesus to her right, K–P (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck 1471-1481 (per Huszár & Unger) or 1472-1478 (per Pohl), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g. This privy mark was struck in Kremnitz (formerly Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Paul Peck, kammergraf (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 4. This is a variable type with two subtypes. Subtype A is the more common, comprising around 80% of the coins of the emission.
In Subtype A coins, the obverse legend is + MOnETA • MAThIE • R • VnGARIE (or a minor variant). They are described and/or depicted in all of the catalogs.Stkp
|
|
Urbs Roma Antioch225 viewsRIC VII Antioch 91 and/or 113
Antioch mint, ninth officina, struck under Constantine I, 330-335 and/or 335-337 A.D.
AE4, 16 mm.
Obv: VRBS ROMA, helmeted (plumed) bust or Roma left, wearing imperial cloak
Rev: She-wolf standing left, suckling the twins (Romulus and Remus), two stars above, SMANθ in exergue.
RIC rarity c and/or c1
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 724, Pohl 225, Unger 569a-b, Réthy II 238, Kaplan (unpublished) Subtype B 223 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar.
Obv: +MOnETA • – • hVnGARIE, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), raven with ring in escutcheon, small Szapolyai shield (rampant unicorn facing left) below.
Rev: PATRO – VNGAR, Crowned nimbate Madonna with nimbate infant Jesus to her right, S–W in fields.
The type was probably struck in occupied Vienna by István Szapolyai, the Hungarian provincial governor, 1487-1490 (per Pohl) or 1489-1490 (per Huszár) or ca. 1485-1490 (per Unger), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g.
Subtype B is an uncommon variation of an uncommon emission, in that the obverse legend is in a Gothic style rather than a Renaissance style. It is neither described nor depicted in any of the catalogs.
Historic Note: There had been tension and sporadic warfare between Matthias and Frederick III of Austria (the Holy Roman Emperor) from the inception of Matthias's reign. On June 1, 1485 Vienna fell to the Hungarian forces. Matthias made the city his capital, and declared himself Duke of Austria. The city reverted to Habsburg control immediately after Matthias died.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 717, Pohl 216-5, Unger 562e, Réthy II 235A, Kaplan Subtype C223 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar.
Obv: M • MAThIE • R • hVnGARIE, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), raven in escutcheon.
Rev: PATROn – VnGARIE, Veiled Madonna with infant Jesus to her right, B–trident (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck 1468-1470 (per Unger), 1468-1481 (per Huszár) or 1468-1484 (per Pohl) with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g. Those with this privy mark were struck in Buda (now Budapest) by Stephen Kowách in 1469 (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 3. It is a highly variable type with four Subtypes. Subtype C is one of the least common, comprising around 10% of the coins in the emission. This is an uncommon privy mark, appearing only on this subtype and on only around 1% of the coins of this type.
Subtype C coins lack a cross at the beginning of the obverse legend, which is M • MAThIE • R • hVnGARIE • (or a minor variant), have an escutcheon, and are without a ring in the raven's beak. They are neither described nor depicted in any of the catalogs.
There is typically a highly stylized Gothic letter T, which looks like the letter C, on coins of this subtype. On those struck in Buda this letter appears on the obverse.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 607, Pohl 145- , Unger 472η, Réthy II 145A 222 viewsHungary. Wladislaus I (Ulászló in Hun.) (1440-1444). Billon denar, 14 mm.
Obv: [M WLADISLAI •] DEI, Crowned shield (Árpádian stripes and patriarchal cross), S–I (privy mark) in fields.
Rev: + REGIS VnGA[RIE] [EC], Shield with Lithuanian charging knight.
The type was struck in 1443 (per Huszár & Pohl) or 1442-1443 (per Unger). This privy mark was struck in Segesvár (now SighiÅŸoara, Romania) (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 5. The legends depicted and described in Huszár and Pohl differ from the legends depicted and described in Unger and Réthy. The legend on this coin is per Unger and Réthy. This privy mark is described by Unger but not by Huszár and Pohl.
“Owing to inner strife and disordered general conditions, the coins [of this period] were usually minted with extremely low precious metal content; moreover, poor mintages were often struck with negligently engraved dies. As a result of the hurried, superficial minting, it was sometimes doubtful whether a faulty coin had been issued officially, or was a forgery” (Huszár 1963).
Stkp
|
|
Urbs Roma Arles (Constantiniana)221 viewsRIC VII Arles 368 var. (simple palm branch)
Arles mint, second officina, struck under Constantine I, 332-333 A.D.
AE3, 18 mm.
Obv: VRBS ROMA, helmeted bust or Roma left, wearing imperial cloak
Rev: She-wolf standing left, suckling the twins (Romulus and Remus), two stars above, simple palm branch at center between them, SCONST in exergue
RIC rarity r2
Note: RIC VII Arles 368 is a three armed palm branch. This coin is a variation with a simple palm branch. Attribution assistance of the variety, relative to RIC, courtesy of Dane Kurth.
Stkp
|
|
Schjöth 1463, Hartill 5.117 Type H.1, KM 389220 viewsQianlong (1736-1795)
1 cash (cast brass), 1796-1798 [?], Board of Revenue mint (in Beijing), west branch, 24 mm.
Obv: Qianlong tongbao.
Rev: Boo chiowan.
The Shanlongs (Type H) were cast during the period in which Qianlong had officially abdicated in favor of Jiaqing, but was still ruling as the Great Super Emperor (1796-1800). The type is comprised of coins with a special form of long and a closed bei.
Subtype H.1 is comprised of coins with vertical dots in the tong. The west branch of the mint cast coins with a curved, closed head tong.
Hartill rarity 9Stkp
|
|
Huszár 720, Pohl 222-9, Unger 566j, Réthy II 233A, Kaplan Subtype A219 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar.
Obv: M MAThIE R hVnGARIE, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), raven in escutcheon.
Rev: PATROn — VnGARIE, Crowned Madonna with infant Jesus to her right, n—crossed hammers (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck in 1479-1485 (per Pohl) or 1482-1490 (per Huszár & Unger), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g. This privy mark was struck in Nagybánya (now Baia Mare, Romania) as a collective bourgeoisie issue (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 4. This emission is considerably less common than this rarity rating would suggest.
Stkp
|
|
Hungary. (Saint) István/Stephen I (Grand Prince 997-1000; King 1000-1038; canonized in 1083). Huszár 1; Tóth-Kiss 1.3 legend variation 1; Unger 1; Réthy I 1; Frynas H.1.2; Lengyel 1/1; Adamovszky A2; Csákvári p. 30; Kovács pp. 33-35219 viewsHungary. (Saint) István/Stephen I (Grand Prince 997-1000; King 1000-1038; canonized in 1083)
AR denomination unknown (per Huszár and Adamovszky) or denár (per Tóth-Kiss, Unger, Frynas, Lengyel, Kovács, Csákvári and Gyöngyössy) (average .76 g, 15-19 mm.); .84 g., 18.04 mm. max., 0°
Obv: + STEPHANVS REX, cross within pearled border, wedges between the arms of the cross.
Rev: + REGIA CIVITAS, cross within pearled border, wedges between the arms of the cross.
Struck at Esztergom, and issued continuously, probably for decades (per Tóth-Kiss), beginning ca. 1020 (per Gyöngyössy), or 1018-1038 (per Jonsson). According to Jonsson, this type was struck according to two weight standards; a "heavy denar" (average weight 1.24 g.) and "light denar" (average weight .80 g.), with different issuance dates. However, no catalog differentiates the type by weight. It would appear that Jonsson's "light denar" corresponds to this type (which has an average weight of .78 g.) and that his "heavy denar" corresponds to the similar Huszár 4; Tóth-Kiss 1.7, Réthy I 7 (which has an average weight of 1.24 g).
Faintich speculates that the wedges on this coin are cometary symbols that may represent the comet of 975 (the year of Stephen's birth).
Huszár rarity 9, Toth-Kiss rarity 200, Unger rarity 65, Frynas rarity N.
Note: “[T]he half denars or obols of the Bavarian princes, coined at Regensburg, have been identified as the direct models for the first Hungarian coins. . . Yet the design of the Hungarian coin refrained from a servile imitation of the Bavarian model, partly by omitting to copy the representation of the Carlovingian [sic] church from the reverse of the Bavarian obols, partly by showing independent taste in shaping the cross, and applying the linear Greek cross. Finally the capital letter types of the legend on Bavarian coins completely differ from the peculiar characters to be seen on the first Hungarian coins, which are engraved with unusual forms actually reminiscent of runic marks” (Huszár 1963, 6-7).Stkp
|
|
Huszár 580, Pohl 119-24, Unger 451b, Réthy II 125A217 viewsHungary. Sigismund (Zsigmond, in Hun.) of Luxembourg (1387-1437; Holy Roman Emperor 1433-1437). AR parvus, 11.5 mm., .27 gr.
Obv: Four-part shield (Árpádian stripes and eagle), S—V—R above and flanking, * (privy mark) above at left.
Rev: Cross with four crowns between its arms.
The type was struck in 1387-1427 (per Pohl, Huszár & Unger, although this emission terminated in 1410 per Engel). This privy mark was struck in Nagybánya (now Baia Mare, Romania) (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 4.
The parvus (also called the “small denar” fillér or pankart) was struck with an average nominal fineness of 0.353 silver. Because of many worn out and counterfeit coins it was pulled from circulation after 1427 (per Huszár). Although not specifically discussed in this context in Engel, the parvus must have experienced the same rampant debasement as the denar did.
“Owing to inner strife and disordered general conditions, the coins [of this period] were usually minted with extremely low precious metal content; moreover, poor mintages were often struck with negligently engraved dies. As a result of the hurried, superficial minting, it was sometimes doubtful whether a faulty coin had been issued officially, or was a forgery” (Huszár 1963, at 15). This emission is typically struck on a small flan. This coin is unusually well struck for the type, and on a full flan.Stkp
|
|
Japan. Shogunate.217 viewsHartill 4.139, Jones (1984) 75, Jones (2007) 224, KM C 1.1 var.
1 mon (cast copper alloy), from 1728 (Kyoho 13), Ishinomaki, Sendai mint, 24 mm. This variety is known as isho choutsu (different writing, high tsu).
Obv: Kanei tsuho.
Rev: Blank.
Kanei Tsuho coins were first cast in small quantities in 1626 in Mito, but in 1636, the Tokugawa government ordered that large quantities be cast, and distributed model coins to private subcontractors in locations throughout Japan. By the 1650’s 16 different locations were casting these coins. When the Kanei era ended in 1643 the legend was kept in use until the 1860’s. All of the Kanei coins cast before 1668 are known as “old Kanei” and those cast from 1668 are now known as “new Kanei.” They are distinguished by the legs of the Ho character. This coin is a new Kanei. In the early 1700’s copper mines began to be exhausted in Japan and it gradually became too expensive to manufacture copper coins. In response, the government authorized the casting of iron coins in 1739. Copper alloy coins continued to be made but were frequently of less weight and lower quality, and from 1768 were mainly minted in a higher denomination.
Attribution assistance courtesy of Eric Crawford and Diego M. SantosStkp
|
|
Huszár 704, Pohl 204-1, Unger 555a, Réthy II 222 215 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). Billon denar, .71 g., 15 mm.
Obv: + MOnETA • MAThIE • DE, Lion's head, facing.
Rev: REGIS • h—VnGARIE, Patriarchal cross, B—S (privy mark) across fields.
The type was struck 1462 (per Pohl, Huszár & Unger). This privy mark was struck in Buda (now Budapest) by Stephan Kowách, kammergraf (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 4.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 728, Pohl 220-4, Unger 578--, Réthy II 244 213 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR obol.
Obv: Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, crowned lion of Berszterce), raven in escutcheon.
Rev: Veiled Madonna with infant Jesus to her left, K–P (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck 1471-1481 (per Huszár), 1471-1488 (per Unger), or 1472-1485 (per Pohl), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g. This privy mark was struck in Kremnitz (formerly Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Paul Peck, kammergraf, or possibly Paul Modrár, ca. 1472-1478 (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 6.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 719, Pohl 221-4, Unger 565d, Réthy II 239A 213 viewsObv: + M • MAThIE • R • hVnGARI, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, crowned lion of Beszterce), raven in escutcheon.
Rev: • PATROn — VnGARI, Crowned Madonna with infant Jesus to her left, K—V/A (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck 1482-1486 (per Huszár & Unger) or 1479-1485 (per Pohl), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g. This privy mark was struck in Kremnitz (formerly Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) Augustin Langsfelder, kammergraf, and Veit Mülstein, oberkammergraf (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 3. This is a common privy mark, appearing on around 60% of the coins of this type.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 719, Pohl 221-2, Unger 565c, Réthy II 239A 213 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar, 16 mm.
Obv: + M • MAThIE • R • VnGAR, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, crowned lion of Beszterce), raven in escutcheon.
Rev: PATROnA — VnGARI, Crowned Madonna with infant Jesus to her left, K—rosette (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck 1482-1486 (per Huszár & Unger) or 1479-1485 (per Pohl), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g. This privy mark was struck in Kremnitz (formerly Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Paul Peck, kammergraf.
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 3. This is a common privy mark, appearing on around 20% of the coins of this type.
Stkp
|
|
Hungary. Károly Róbert/Charles Robert (1307-1342). Huszár 497 var., Pohl 54-1, Unger 394a var., Réthy II 15 var., Frynas 24.47, Lengyel 24/69/1, Toth 1.68.1.1212 viewsHungary. Károly Róbert/Charles Robert (1307-1342)
AR denár (nominally 0.6978 g.); .62 g., 14.73 mm. max, 0°
Obv: King enthroned with scepter and imperial orb.
Rev: + • m • REGIS • hVnGARIE, Ostrich-head on horseshoe.
Issued in 1338-1342 per Lengyel or in 1339-1342 per Huszár, Pohl, Unger, Frynas and Gyöngyössy.
Huszár/Pohl rarity 4, Unger value 18 DM, Frynas rarity N. According to Frynas, there are pellets between the cross and the m and also between the S and the h. The photos in Lengyel and Toth depict coins consistent with Frynas, but according to Lengyel there is no pellet between the cross and the m, and according to Toth there is no pellet between the S and the h. According to Réthy and Unger there is no pellet between the cross and the m. According to Huszár there is no pellet between the S and the h, but the photo in Huszár/Pohl is not clear enough to confirm or negate the presence of that pellet. This coin has pellets in both places.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 718, Pohl 219-6, Unger 564d, Réthy II 234, Kaplan Subtype B 210 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar.
Obv: + M • MAThIE • R • VnGARI, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, crowned lion of Berszterce), legless raven in escutcheon.
Rev: PATRO – VnGAR – •, Veiled Madonna with infant Jesus to her right, K–V (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck 1471-1481 (per Huszár & Unger) or 1472-1478 (per Pohl), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g. This privy mark was struck in Kremnitz (formerly Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Veit Mülstein, oberkammergraf (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 4. This is a variable type with two subtypes. Subtype B is the less common, comprising around 20% of the coins of the emission. This privy mark appears on coins of both subtypes and on around 15% of the coins of this type.
In Subtype B coins, the obverse legend is + M • MAThIE • R • VnGARIE (or a minor variant). They are neither described nor depicted in any of the catalogs.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 719, Pohl 221-1, Unger 565b, Réthy II 239A210 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar.
Obv: + M • MAThIE • R • VnGARI, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, crowned lion of Berszterce), raven in escutcheon.
Rev: • PATROn – VnGARI, Crowned Madonna with infant Jesus to her left, K–P (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck in 1479-1485 (per Pohl) or 1482-1486 (per Huszár & Unger), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g. This privy mark was struck in Kremnitz (formerly Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Paul Peck, kammergraf (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 3. This privy mark appears on almost 20% of the coins of this type.
Stkp
|
|
Urbs Roma Antioch210 viewsRIC VII Antioch 91 and/or 113
Antioch mint, ninth officina, struck under Constantine I, 330-335 and/or 335-337 A.D.
AE4, 16 mm.
Obv: VRBS ROMA, helmeted (plumed) bust or Roma left, wearing imperial cloak
Rev: She-wolf standing left (circle of pellets around central pellet on shoulder), suckling the twins (Romulus and Remus), two stars above, SMANθ in exergue.
RIC rarity c and/or c1
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 806, Pohl 241-1, Unger 640a, Réthy II 272A, Kaplan Subtype B (pub. pending) 209 viewsHungary. Wladislaus II (Ulászló II in Hun.) (1490-1516). AR denar, 16 mm.
Obv: M • WLADISLAI • R • VnGARIE, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), Polish eagle with closed wings in center.
Rev: PATROnA--VnGARI., Crowned Madonna with infant Jesus to her right, K--h in fields.
Struck in Kremnitz (formerly Kormocbanya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Hans Thurzo, kammergraf, ca. 1498-1503 (per Unger) or ca. 1500-1502 (per Huszar and Pohl).
Huszar/Pohl rarity rating 3. Subtype B coins are those in which the letter “A” is a stylized Renaissance letter without an interior bar and a bar at the apex of the letter. It is not depicted in any of the references, although the coin described and depicted in Huszár portrays one letter “A” in this manner. It is the less common of the two subtypes of the emission.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 566, Pohl 112-2, Unger 442f, Réthy II 114, Frynas 26.5209 viewsHungary. Mária/Maria (1382-1387 solo reign; 1387-1395 with husband Zsigmond/Sigismund of Luxembourg)
AR denar; .41 g., 14.00 mm. max., 0°
Obv: + mOnETA MARIE [Gothic-style letters A], Patriarchal cross.
Rev: + REGInE VnGARIE [Gothic-style letter A], Crowned M, lilies in fields.
The type was struck in only in 1383 (per Huszár, Unger and Frynas) or from 1383 through 1385 (per Pohl). It is traditionally viewed as the second of three denarii struck by Maria (after Huszár 565 and before Huszár 569). More recently, it has been viewed as Maria's third type (per Gyöngyössi and Toma), struck in 1386-1387, ending when Sigismund's coinage began (per Gyöngyössi). This coin, with lilies in both reverse fields, was struck in Kassa/Kaschau, now Košice, Slovakia (per Pohl).
Toma notes twelve legend variations among 456 coins of this type in the Cluj-Mănăştur Hoard, found in Cluj-Napoca, Romania (formerly, Kolozsvár, Hungary), in 1934 (but lists only eleven). They differ mainly in terms of completeness of legends, presence of pellets, and the styles of the letter A. Toma lists eight variations among 93 coins struck in Kassa with two lilies (Pohl 112-2). The legends on this coin are as per Toma 1. Toma notes 36 coins with this combination.
Toma further notes three versions of the patriarchal cross and eight versions of the crowned M. There are fourteen obverse/reverse design combinations appearing among 411 coins from the hoard, of which only the B/c combination is listed by Toma as being among 79 Kassa issues with two lilies (Pohl 112-2). This coin appears to bear that B/c combination.
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 5; Frynas rarity C. The legend combination appearing on this coin is depicted/described in Unger, Réthy and Frynas. The legend combination depicted/described in Huszár and Pohl differs in that there are small pellets between words on both the obverse and reverse.Stkp
|
|
Huszár 717, Pohl 216-8, Unger 562h, Réthy II 235A, Kaplan Subtype D1 207 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar.
Obv: + MOnETA • MAThIE • R VnG, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), raven with hint of ring in escutcheon.
Rev: PATRO[n] — VnGARIE, Veiled Madonna with infant Jesus to her right, K–K/shield (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck 1468-1470 (per Unger), 1468-1481 (per Huszár) or 1468-1484 (per Pohl), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g.
This privy mark were struck in Kremnitz (formerly Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Johannes Constorfer, kammergraf, in 1468 (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 3. This is a highly variable type with four subtypes. Subtype D is the least common, comprising around 10% of the coins in the emission. This is a variable subtype, with two sub-subtypes. Sub-subtype 1 is the more common, comprising around 8% of the coins of this emission. This is a less common privy mark, appearing only on this subtype and on around 10% of the coins of this type.
In Subtype D1 coins, the obverse legend is + MOnETA • MAThIE • R • VnG (or a minor variant), the raven is within an escutcheon, and there is either no ring in its beak or just a hint of a ring, all per Unger and Réthy.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 718, Pohl 219-5, Unger 564e, Réthy II 234, Kaplan Subtype B 207 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar, doublestrike.
Obv: [+] M • MAThIE • R [• VnGARI], Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, crowned lion of Berszterce), raven in escutcheon.
Rev: PATRO — [VnGARIE], Veiled Madonna with infant Jesus to her right, K—P/V (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck 1471-1481 (per Huszár & Unger) or 1472-1478 (per Pohl), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g. This privy mark was struck in Kremnitz (formerly Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Paul Peck, kammergraf, and Veit Mülstein, oberkammergraf (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 4. This is a variable type with two subtypes. Subtype B is the less common, comprising around 20% of the coins of the emission. This privy mark appears on around 5% of the coins of this type.
In Subtype B coins, the obverse legend is + M • MAThIE • R • VnGARIE (or a minor variant). They are neither described nor depicted in any of the catalogs.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 578, Pohl 118-9, Unger 450c, Réthy II 124A 207 viewsHungary. Sigismund (Zsigmond, in Hun.) of Luxembourg (1387-1437; Holy Roman Emperor 1433-1437). AR denar, 16 mm.
Obv: [M]On • SIG—IS[M]VnDI, Patriarchal cross, K—L (privy mark) between arms.
Rev: + R[EGIS] VnGARIE • ETC, Shield with Árpádian stripes.
The type was struck in 1427-1437 (per Pohl, Huszár & Unger). This privy mark was struck in 1436 in Kremnitz (then Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Leonardo Bardi-Noffry, kammergraf, or Petrus Lang, kammergraf (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 4. The descriptions and depictions vary amongst the references with respect to the presence or absence of a cross on the reverse and the placement of pellets in the legends. This is a variation that is neither described nor depicted in any of the references, in that there is not a pellet between the ET and the C on the reverse.
This emission was struck with a nominal fineness of 0.540 silver and an average weight of 0.77 g., which is the same fineness and weight as its predecessor (per Huszár). However, Engel notes that Sigismund introduced this emission as a monetary reform, to address the deterioration in value of that earlier emission. The new emission, then called the “new greater money,” had the value of 100 to the aranyforint, and maintained its value until Sigismund’s death. In 1387, the bishop of Transylvania, who had long been reluctant to collect the tithe due to the poor quality of the coinage, demanded that all arrears be paid – and in this new currency. The result was a peasant revolt!
“Owing to inner strife and disordered general conditions, the coins [of this period] were usually minted with extremely low precious metal content; moreover, poor mintages were often struck with negligently engraved dies. As a result of the hurried, superficial minting, it was sometimes doubtful whether a faulty coin had been issued officially, or was a forgery” (Huszár 1963, at 15).
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 881, Pohl 265-14, Unger 699l, Réthy II 331A, dated 1527 207 viewsHungary. John Zapolyai (János Szapolyai in Hun.) (1526-1540). AR denar, 16 mm.
Obv: IOHANNES * R * VNGAR * 1527 *, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Árpádian stripes), wolf in escutcheon.
Rev: PATRONA * – * VNGARIE, Crowned Madonna with infant Jesus to her right, K–T (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck 1527-1530 (per Huszár, Pohl & Unger). This privy mark was struck in Kremnitz (formerly Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Jacobus Tornallyai (who leased the mint in 1527) or Alexius Thurzó (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 4.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 805, Pohl 243-1, Unger 642a, Réthy II 274 207 viewsHungary. Wladislaus II (Ulászló II in Hun.) (1490-1516). AR denar, 16 mm.
Obv: M • WLADISLAI • R • VNGARI •, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), Polish eagle with outstretched wings in center.
Rev: • PATRON – VNGARIE, Nimbate Madonna with infant Jesus to her right, K–h (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck 1498-1503 (per Unger) or 1500-1502 (per Pohl). This privy mark was struck in Kremnitz (formerly Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Hans Thurzó (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 4.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 609, Pohl 148-3, Unger 475n, Réthy II 143B 206 viewsHungary. Wladislaus I (Ulászló in Hun.) (1440-1444). Billon denar, 18 mm.
Obv: + MOnETA WLADISLAI DEI (bungled legend), Polish eagle.
Rev: + RE]GIS • VGARIE • ETCETE (some inverted letters), Two-part shield (patriarchal cross and Árpádian stripes), I—n[?] (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck in 1444 (per Huszár & Pohl & Unger).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 5. The reverse legend depicted and described in Huszár and Pohl differs from the legend depicted in Unger which differs slightly from that depicted and described in Réthy. The legend on this coin is closest to Unger. This privy mark is recorded in Unger but not in Huszár or Pohl.
“Owing to inner strife and disordered general conditions, the coins [of this period] were usually minted with extremely low precious metal content; moreover, poor mintages were often struck with negligently engraved dies. As a result of the hurried, superficial minting, it was sometimes doubtful whether a faulty coin had been issued officially, or was a forgery” (Huszár 1963).
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 613, Pohl 173-3, Unger 480c, Réthy II 152 205 viewsHungary. Interregnum (1445-1446). AR denar, 18 mm.
Obv: + MOnETA • REGNI • VnGARIE •, Shield with Árpádian stripes.
Rev: * DALMACIE • CROACIE • ET • C, Patriarchal cross, B–*/n (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck in 1445 (per Unger) or 1445-1446 (per Pohl & Huszár). This privy mark was struck in Buda (now Budapest) under palatin Héderváry, landeshauptmann (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 7.
Stkp
|
|
Urbs Roma Cyzicus204 viewsRIC VII Cyzicus 91
Cyzicus mint, fourth officina, struck under Constantine I, 330-333 A.D.
AE3, 17 mm.
Obv: VRBS ROMA, helmeted (plumed) bust or Roma left, wearing imperial cloak
Rev: She-wolf standing left, suckling the twins (Romulus and Remus), two stars above, SMKΔ in exergue.
RIC rarity r3
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 618, Pohl 175-1, Unger 485a, Réthy II 156 202 viewsHungary. János Hunyadi (Governor, 1446-1453). AR denar, 15 mm.
Obv: TEMPORE–IO • GVBER •, Patriarchal cross, B–*/n (privy mark) in fields.
Rev: + M • REGnI • VnGARIE •, Shield with Árpádian stripes.
The type was struck in 1446 (per Pohl, Huszár & Unger). This privy mark was struck in Buda (now Budapest) under a collective mark (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 6.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 605, Pohl 141-6 Unger 470f, Réthy II 141202 viewsHungary. Wladislaus I (Ulászló in Hun.) (1440-1444). Billon denar, 16 mm.
Obv: * MOnETA • WLADISLAI • DEI • GRA, Polish eagle facing left.
Rev: * REGIS • VnGARI • ET • CETERA, Crowned two-part shield (Árpádian stripes and patriarchal cross), B–P (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck in 1442 (per Pohl, Huszár & Unger). This privy mark was struck in Buda (now Budapest) (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 5. The obverse and reverse legends depicted and described in Huszár and Pohl differ from the legends depicted and described in Unger and Réthy. To the extent that the legends on this coin can be discerned, it appears to conform to Huszár and Pohl.
“Owing to inner strife and disordered general conditions, the coins [of this period] were usually minted with extremely low precious metal content; moreover, poor mintages were often struck with negligently engraved dies. As a result of the hurried, superficial minting, it was sometimes doubtful whether a faulty coin had been issued officially, or was a forgery” (Huszár 1963).
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 815, Pohl 246-2, Unger 650a, Réthy II 281202 viewsHungary. Wladislaus II (Ulászló II in Hun.) (1490-1516). AR obolus, 11 mm.
Obv: Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), Polish eagle with outstretched wings in center.
Rev: Nimbate Madonna with infant Jesus to her right, K—h (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck 1498-1501 (per Unger) or 1500-1502 (per Pohl and Huszár). This privy mark was struck in Kremnitz (formerly Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Hans Thurzó (per Pohl).
Huszar/Pohl rarity rating 5.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 569 var., Pohl 114-4 var., Unger 443d var., Réthy II 116 var., Frynas H.26.4 var., Rupp 42/4-6 Tab XV/430, Toma Exceptional Version A Plate III/15-17 var. (legends)202 viewsHungary. Maria/Mária (1382-1387 solo reign; 1387-1395 with husband Sigismund/Zsigmond of Luxembourg)
AR denar, .56 g., 15.24 mm. max, 0°
Obv: + REGInE • VnGARI [Gothic-style letter A], Open crown with CM below
Rev: + mOnETA • mARIE [Gothic-style letters A], Patriarchal cross
As both sides of the standard Huszár 569 carry a titular legend, there is no consensus regarding obverse and reverse. The fullest legend on the side identified by Huszár and Pohl as the obverse (the side with the crown) is + mARIE D G R VnGARIE (although most coins are missing at least the first G). The fullest legend on the side identified by Unger, Réthy, Frynas and Gyöngyössy as the obverse (the side with the patriarchal cross) is + mOnETA mARIE R V. Since the letters R V are so often omitted from the cross side, Toma accepts the crown side as the obverse.
The standard Huszár 569 was struck in 1384-1395 (per Huszár, with Unger and Frynas agreeing that it incepted in 1384) or in 1385-1395 (per Pohl), and is traditionally viewed as the last of three denarii struck by Maria. More recently, it has been viewed as the second type struck by her (after Huszár 565 and before Huszár 566), in 1383-1385 (per Gyöngyössi and Toma). This coin, with a Cm below the crown, was struck in Körmöcbánya/Kremnitz (now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Johannes Craczer in 1385 (per Pohl).
Toma notes fifteen legend variations among 45 coins of the standard type within the Cluj-Mănăştur Hoard, found in Cluj-Napoca, Romania (formerly, Kolozsvár, Hungary), in 1934. They differ mainly in terms of completeness of legends, spelling of the queen's name, presence of pellets, and the styles of the letter A. Toma lists two variations among five coins with a Cm mark (Pohl 114-4).
Toma further notes four versions of the crown and four versions of the patriarchal cross on the standard type. There are six obverse/reverse design combinations appearing among 41 coins in the hoard, only one of which, Toma A/b, appears among four coins with a Cm (Pohl 114-4). The design combination on this coin appears to be Toma A/b.
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 5. This coin is a variation of the type not described/depicted in Huszár and Pohl, Unger and Réthy, or Frynas. It is also not included in Toma's tabulation of legend variations or design combinations. It was recorded by Rupp with the Cm mark (Pohl 114-4) and viewed by Unger (1974) to be a distinct type, although it is not included in his catalog. Toma notes 16 coins of this variation in the hoard, bearing four privy marks, eleven with this mark but different legend combinations (Toma plate III/15-17). This combination is represented with a different mark from Körmöcbánya/Kremnitz. Toma refers to the side with the patriarchal cross as the obverse, and notes that the design and legend are as per the obverse of Huszár 566. Toma refers to the side with the crown as the reverse, and notes that legend is as per the reverse legend of Huszár 566 but that the design is as per the obverse of Huszár 569. Toma concludes that this variation represents a distinct type, chronologically sandwiched between the earlier Huszár 569 and later Huszár 566.Stkp
|
|
Huszár 722var., Pohl 223-2var., Unger 567cvar., Réthy II 232var., Kaplan Subtype B 201 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar, 16 mm.
Obv: + M • MATHIE • R • VNGARIE •, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), raven with ring in escutcheon.
Rev: PATRON — VNGARIE, Crowned Madonna with nimbate infant Jesus to her right, K—P/thin rosette (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck in 1487-1490 (per Pohl) or 1489-1490 (per Huszár & Unger), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g. This privy mark was struck in Kremnitz (formerly Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Peter Schaider, oberkammergraf (per Pohl), in 1489 (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 4. This type has three subtypes. Subtype B comprises around 30% of the coins of this emission. This coin is unusual in that the Madonna is not nimbate.
Subtype B coins do not have pellets or annulets to the sides of the shield. It is depicted in Huszár.
Stkp
|
|
National Association for the Jewish Blind201 viewsAE token, 31.5 mm., undated?
Obv: ••• NATIONAL ASSOCIATION ••• and FOR THE JEWISH BLIND N.Y.C. 58 in border along rim, Light, above crowd of people reaching upward toward rays of light, in center.
Rev: THIS / MEDALLION / IS AWARDED / IN APPRECIATION / FOR YOUR AID / IN THE CAUSE /OF THE BLIND in SEVEN rows, laurel leaves along rim.
Ref: None known.
Note: No information is known about this organization.Stkp
|
|
Huszár 722, Pohl 223-4, Unger 567d, Réthy II 232, Kaplan Subtype C 200 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar, 16 mm.
Obv: + M • MATHIE • R • VNGARIE •, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), raven with ring in escutcheon, annulets to sides.
Rev: PATRON — VNGARIE, Crowned nimbate Madonna with nimbate infant Jesus to her right, K—¢ (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck in 1487-1490 (per Pohl) or 1489-1490 (per Huszár & Unger), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g. This privy mark was struck in Kremnitz (formerly Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Casper Stek for Peter Schaider, oberkammergraf (per Pohl), in 1487 (per Pohl) or 1490 (per Unger).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 4. This type has three subtypes. Subtype C only appear with this privy mark, and comprise a small fraction of the coins of this emission.
Subtype C coins have annulets to the sides of the shield.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 598, Pohl 135--, Unger 469-, Réthy II 149A 198 viewsHungary. Wladislaus I (Ulászló in Hun.) (1440-1444). Billon denar, 13 mm.
Obv: [M • WLAD]IS–LAI • REGI[S], Patriarchal cross, retrograde A–n (privy mark) in fields.
Rev: Central cross surrounded by three shields bearing (in clockwise order) Lithuanian rider, Árpádian stripes and Polish eagle, all within border.
The type was struck in 1440 (per Huszár) or 1440-1441 (per Pohl & Unger). This privy mark was struck in Alsólendva, Hungary (now Lendava, Slovenia), and is listed in Huszár, but not in Pohl or Unger.
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 4.
Stkp
|
|
Urbs Roma Antioch198 viewsRIC VII Antioch 91
Antioch mint, second officina, struck under Constantine I, 335 A.D.
AE3, 18 mm.
Obv: VRBS ROMA, helmeted plumed bust of Roma left, wearing imperial.
Rev: She-wolf standing left, suckling the twins (Romulus and Remus), two stars above, SMANS in exergue.
RIC rarity r5Stkp
|
|
Huszár 718, Pohl 219-2, Unger 564g, Réthy II 234, Kaplan Subtype A 197 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar.
Obv: + MOnETA MAThIE • R • VnGARIE, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, crowned lion of Berszterce), raven in escutcheon.
Rev: • PATROnA – VnGARI •, Veiled Madonna with infant Jesus to her right, K–A (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck 1471-1481 (per Huszár & Unger) or 1472-1478 (per Pohl), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g. This privy mark was struck in Kremnitz (formerly Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Augustin Langsfelder, kammergraf (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 4. This is a variable type with two subtypes. Subtype A is the more common, comprising around 80% of the coins of the emission. This privy mark appears on only this subtype, and on around 20% of the coins of this type.
In Subtype A coins, the obverse legend is + MOnETA • MAThIE • R • VnGARIE (or a minor variant). They are described and/or depicted in all of the catalogs.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 806, Pohl 241-1, Unger 640a, Réthy II 272A, Kaplan Subtype A (pub. pending) 197 viewsHungary. Wladislaus II (Ulászló II in Hun.) (1490-1516). AR denar, 16 mm.
Obv: M • WLADISLAI • R • VNGARIE •, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), Polish eagle with closed wings in center.
Rev: PATROnA—VnGARI •, Crowned Madonna with infant Jesus to her right, K--h in fields.
The type was struck in 1498-1503 (per Unger) or 1500-1502 (per Pohl). This privy mark was struck in Kremnitz (formerly Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by by Hans Thurzó (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 3. Subtype A coins are those in which the letter “A” is a Gothic letter. It is not depicted in any of the references, although the coin described and depicted in Huszár portrays one letter “A” in this manner. It is the more common of the two subtypes of the emission.
Stkp
|
|
Schjöth 1419, Hartill 5.25-27 (Hartill 5.25) Type A1.1, KM 311.1197 viewsKangxi (1662-1722)
1 cash, 1662-1683, Board of Revenue mint (in Beijing), 27 mm.
Cast Bronze (officially 60% copper and 40% zinc, but actually on average 67.4% copper, 21.9 % zinc, 7.0 % lead, 1.8 % tin, etc.), nominal weight 1.4 qian = 5.22 grams (but generally 4.2-5.0 grams).
Obv: Kangxi tongbao.
Rev: Boo Chiowan to the left and right.
Type A is comprised of coins with a seven stroke bei, two dot tong, and with a zigzag at the bottom of the tong radical. Those within subtype A1.1 are larger well-made coins with an actual weight of 4 grams or more and a diameter over 26 mm.
Hartill rarity 10Stkp
|
|
Huszár 664 var., Pohl 187-5, Unger 523a, Réthy II 182197 viewsHungary. Ladislaus V (László in Hun.) “Posthumous” (1440-1457). Billon denar, .31 gr., 14 mm.
Obv: [MOn • L]ADI – SLAI • DEI • G, Patriarchal cross, K–P (privy mark) in fields.
Rev: + REGIS • VnGAR[IE • ET • C •], Shield with Árpádian stripes.
The type was struck in 1455 (per Pohl, Huszár and Unger). This privy mark was struck in Kremnitz ((formerly Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia)) by Petrus Jung, kammergraf (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 4. This coin is a variant that bears the reverse legend per Unger and Réthy. The reverse legend per Huszár is + R • VnGARIE • ET • CETERA•.Stkp
|
|
Huszár 586, Pohl 124-39, Unger 456a, Réthy II 129 196 viewsHungary. Sigismund (Zsigmond in Hun.) of Luxemburg (1387-1437; Holy Roman Emperor 1433-1437). Billon quarting, 13mm.
Obv: Patriarchal cross, K–W (privy mark) in central fields.
Rev: Patriarchal cross.
The type was struck in 1430-1437 (per Pohl, Huszár & Unger). This privy mark was struck Kremnitz (then Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Valentin Winche (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 3.
“Owing to inner strife and disordered general conditions, the coins [of this period] were usually minted with extremely low precious metal content; moreover, poor mintages were often struck with negligently engraved dies. As a result of the hurried, superficial minting, it was sometimes doubtful whether a faulty coin had been issued officially, or was a forgery” (Huszár 1963, at 15).
The quarting (also known as the fryling and as a moneta minor) was originally worth a quarter of a denar, but it “soon fell victim to the manipulations of the treasury. Its fineness decreased at such a rate that soon it contained almost nothing but copper. The result was economic anarchy. Trust in these silver coins was irreparably damaged, and, although the government officially devalued the quarting several times, its market value fell even more drastically. In the last years of Sigismund’s reign, 6,000 to 8,000 quartings were equivalent to one florin instead of the original 400” (Engel, at 223-224)
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 718, Pohl 219-6, Unger 564d, Réthy II 234, Kaplan Subtype A195 viewsHungary. Matthias “Corvinus” (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar, 0.455 g., 15.9 mm, die orientation 45°.
Obv: + MOnETA • MAThIE • R • VnGAR, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, crowned lion of Berszterce), legless raven in escutcheon.
Rev: PATROn – VnGAR, Veiled Madonna with infant Jesus to her right, K–V (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck 1471-1481 (per Huszár & Unger) or 1472-1478 (per Pohl), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g. This privy mark was struck in Kremnitz (formerly Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Veit Mülstein, oberkammergraf (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 4. This is a variable type with two subtypes. Subtype A is the more common, comprising around 80% of the coins of the emission. This privy mark appears on coins of both subtypes and on around 15% of the coins of this type.
In Subtype A coins, the obverse legend is + MOnETA • MAThIE • R • VnGARIE (or a minor variant).
ex Forum Ancient Coins Stkp
|
|
Urbs Roma Arles (Constantiniana)194 viewsRIC VII Arles 373
Arles mint, first officina, struck under Constantine I, 333 A.D.
AE3, 19 mm.
Obv: VRBS ROMA, helmeted (plumed) bust or Roma left, wearing imperial cloak
Rev: She-wolf standing left (annulet on shoulder), suckling the twins (Romulus and Remus), two stars above, wreath at center between them, PCONST in exergue.
RIC rarity r4
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 668, Pohl 190-1, Unger 525b, Réthy II 186 192 viewsHungary. Ladislaus V (László in Hun.) “Posthumous” (1440-1457). AR denar, 16 mm.
Obv: MOn • LAD – ISLAI • RE, Patriarchal cross above three-part mound, B–P (privy mark) in fields.
Rev: VnGAR -- IE • ET • C, Crowned four-part shield (Árpádian stripes, Bohemian lion, Austrian shield, Moravian eagle).
The type was struck ca. 1453-1457 (per Pohl) or 1456-1457 (per Huszár) or 1457 (per Unger). This privy mark was struck in Buda (now Budapest) by Petrus Jung, kammergraf in 1456/57 (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 6.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 586, Pohl 124- , Unger 456_ , Réthy II 129 192 viewsHungary. Sigismund (Zsigmond in Hun.) of Luxembourg (1387-1437; Holy Roman Emperor 1433-1437). Billon quarting, 12-14 mm.
Obv: Patriarchal cross, B–H (privy mark) in central fields.
Rev: Crown
The type was struck in 1430-1437 (per Pohl, Huszár & Unger). This privy mark was struck in Buda (now Budapest) (per Pohl & Huszár).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 3. This privy mark is unrecorded. This specimen is of a superior alloy (suggesting that it was struck very early in the history of the emission) and is of a better strike than many.
“Owing to inner strife and disordered general conditions, the coins [of this period] were usually minted with extremely low precious metal content; moreover, poor mintages were often struck with negligently engraved dies. As a result of the hurried, superficial minting, it was sometimes doubtful whether a faulty coin had been issued officially, or was a forgery” (Huszár 1963, at 15).
The quarting (also known as the fryling and as a moneta minor) was originally worth a quarter of a denar, but it “soon fell victim to the manipulations of the treasury. Its fineness decreased at such a rate that soon it contained almost nothing but copper. The result was economic anarchy. Trust in these silver coins was irreparably damaged, and, although the government officially devalued the quarting several times, its market value fell even more drastically. In the last years of Sigismund’s reign, 6,000 to 8,000 quartings were equivalent to one florin instead of the original 400” (Engel, at 223-224)
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 584, Pohl 123-5, Unger 455e, Réthy II 128192 viewsHungary. Sigismund (Zsigmond, in Hun.) of Luxembourg (1387-1437; Holy Roman Emperor 1433-1437). AR ducat, 10-11 mm.
Obv: Patriarchal cross, K—f (privy mark) between arms.
Rev: Standing nimbate St. Ladislaus with halberd and globus cruciger.
The type was struck in 1427-1430 (per Pohl, Huszár & Unger). This privy mark was struck in Kremnitz (then Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Johannes Folbrecht von Thorn, kammergraf (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 4.
“Owing to inner strife and disordered general conditions, the coins [of this period] were usually minted with extremely low precious metal content; moreover, poor mintages were often struck with negligently engraved dies. As a result of the hurried, superficial minting, it was sometimes doubtful whether a faulty coin had been issued officially, or was a forgery” (Huszár 1963, at 15).
Stkp
|
|
Schjöth 1463, Hartill 5.118 Type H.1, KM 389191 viewsQianlong (1736-1795)
1 cash (cast brass), 1796-1798 [?], Board of Revenue mint (in Beijing), north branch, 24 mm.
Obv: Qianlong tongbao.
Rev: Boo chiowan.
The Shanlongs (Type H) were cast during the period in which Qianlong had officially abdicated in favor of Jiaqing, but was still ruling as the Great Super Emperor (1796-1800). The type is comprised of coins with a special form of long and a closed bei.
Subtype H.1 is comprised of coins with vertical dots in the tong. The north branch of the mint cast coins without privy marks and a square head tong.
Hartill rarity 9Stkp
|
|
Huszár 609, Pohl 147-4, Unger 475g, Réthy II 143A 189 viewsHungary. Wladislaus I (Ulászló in Hun.) (1440-1444). Billon denar, 1.18 g., 17-18 mm.
Obv: + MOnETA WLDISLAI D, Polish eagle.
Rev: + REGIS VnGARIE ETCR, Two-part shield (patriarchal cross and Árpádian stripes), B-n/* (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck in 1444 (per Huszár & Pohl & Unger). This privy mark was struck at Buda (now Budapest) under a collective mark (per Pohl).
“Owing to inner strife and disordered general conditions, the coins [of this period] were usually minted with extremely low precious metal content; moreover, poor mintages were often struck with negligently engraved dies. As a result of the hurried, superficial minting, it was sometimes doubtful whether a faulty coin had been issued officially, or was a forgery” (Huszár 1963). This coin is a superb example of the type.
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 5. Stkp
|
|
Japan. Shogunate.188 viewsHartill 4.102, Jones (1984) 11, Jones (2007) 202, KM C 1.2 var.
1 mon (cast copper alloy), first cast 1668 (Kwanbun 8) and continued until 1681-1683, Edo Kamedo mint, 25 mm. Kanei with the character bun on the reverse are known as bun-sen. There are seven recognized obverse varieties. This coin is a Saiji-Hai-Bun (= characters thinly written; although the name is somewhat deceptive as the characters are not written any thinner than in other varieties).
Obv: Kanei tsuho.
Rev: Bun.
Kanei Tsuho coins were first cast in 1626. Although Kanei era ended in 1643, the legend was kept in use until the 1860’s. The Kanei coins cast starting in 1668 (which are distinguished from the earlier emissions by the legs of the Ho character) are known as Shin-Kanei-Tsuho (=new Kanei). There are around 300 recognized varieties.
Bun-sen were made from fragments of the Daibutsu statue of Buddha that was erected by Toyotomi Hideyori before 1614 and was destroyed in an earthquake in 1662. The character Bun on the reverse is the same character as in Kwanbun, and was evidently intended to signify the period in which it was made.Stkp
|
|
Huszár 620, Pohl 177-1, Unger 486a, Réthy II 157A 187 viewsHungary. János Hunyadi (Governor, 1446-1453). Billon denar, 15 mm.
Obv: [TEM]PORE I[O • GVB]ERnATOR, Crowned lion of Berszterce facing left.
Rev: * MOnETA • RE[GnI • VnGAR]IE, Patriarchal cross, B–I (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck in 1447-1450 (per Huszár & Unger) or 1447-1451 (per Pohl). This privy mark was struck in Buda (now Budapest), probably by Johannes Münczer (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 6. The legends described and depicted in Huszár and Pohl differ slightly from those described and depicted in Unger and Réthy. This coin comports with the legends in Unger and Réthy.
Stkp
|
|
Urbs Roma Siscia187 viewsRIC VII Siscia 240
Siscia mint, fourth officina, struck under Constantine I, 334-335 A.D.
AE3, 18 mm.
Obv: VRBS--ROMA, helmeted plumed bust of Roma left, wearing imperial cloak
Rev: She-wolf standing left, suckling the twins (Romulus and Remus), two stars above, •Î”SIS• in exergue
RIC rarity c2
Note: The first letter in the officina may be an alpha or a delta. Based on the style of the alpha on other emissions of Constantine I from the first officina of Siscia (which look either like an A or an H), this would appear to be a delta, but this is far from certain.Stkp
|
|
Huszár 722, Pohl 223-1, Unger 567b&e, Réthy II 232, Kaplan Subtype B 185 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar, 16 mm.
Obv: + M • MATHIE • R • VNGARIE, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), raven with ring in escutcheon.
Rev: PATRON — VNGARIE, Nimbate crowned Madonna with nimbate infant Jesus to her right, K—P/rosette (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck in 1487-1490 (per Pohl) or 1489-1490 (per Huszár & Unger), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g. This privy mark was struck in Kremnitz (formerly Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Peter Schaider, oberkammergraf (per Pohl), in 1489 (per Pohl & Unger).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 4. This type has three subtypes. Subtype B comprises around 30% of the coins of this emission. This privy mark appears on multiple subtypes, and on roughly 85% of the coins of this type.
Subtype B coins do not have pellets or annulets to the sides of the shield. It is depicted in Huszár.
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 717, Pohl 216-_, Unger 562_, Réthy II 235A, Kaplan Subtype A185 viewsHungary. Matthias "Corvinus" (Mátyás Hunyadi in Hun.) (1458-1490). AR denar 16 mm..
Obv: + M • MAThIE • R [•] VnGARIE, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), raven in lightly outlined escutcheon in center, hints of a ring in its beak.
Rev: PATROn — VnGAR, Veiled Madonna with infant Jesus to her right, R –shield (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck 1468-1470 (per Unger), 1468-1481 (per Huszár) or 1468-1484 (per Pohl), with an average fineness of approximately .500 silver, and an average weight of .59023 g.
The shield privy mark was struck in Kremnitz (formerly Körmöcbánya,
Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) by Johannes Constorfer, kammergraf, in 1469 (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 3. This is a highly variable type with four subtypes. Subtype A is the most common variety, comprising around 50% of the coins in the emission. This is an unrecorded privy mark, due to the presence of the R rather than the K.
In Subtype A coins, the obverse legend is + M MAThIE.R.VnGARIE (or a minor variant), per Huszar and Pohl, but contrary to the description in Huszár, there is either no escutcheon or just faint hints of an escutcheon, and there is no ring in the raven's beak or just the hint of a ring. They are depicted in Huszár/Pohl but not depicted in Unger or Réthy.Stkp
|
|
Huszár 586, Pohl 124-24, Unger 456 eta, Réthy II 129 184 viewsHungary. Sigismund (Zsigmond in Hun.) of Luxembourg (1387-1437; Holy Roman Emperor 1433-1437). Billon quarting, .56 g., 12-14 mm.
Obv: Patriarchal cross, c–n (privy mark) in central fields.
Rev: Crown
The type was struck in 1430-1437 (per Pohl, Huszár & Unger). This privy mark was struck in Kassa (now Košice, Slovakia) (per Pohl & Huszár).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 3. This specimen is of a better strike than most.
“Owing to inner strife and disordered general conditions, the coins [of this period] were usually minted with extremely low precious metal content; moreover, poor mintages were often struck with negligently engraved dies. As a result of the hurried, superficial minting, it was sometimes doubtful whether a faulty coin had been issued officially, or was a forgery” (Huszár 1963, at 15).
The quarting (also known as the fryling and as a moneta minor) was originally worth a quarter of a denar, but it “soon fell victim to the manipulations of the treasury. Its fineness decreased at such a rate that soon it contained almost nothing but copper. The result was economic anarchy. Trust in these silver coins was irreparably damaged, and, although the government officially devalued the quarting several times, its market value fell even more drastically. In the last years of Sigismund’s reign, 6,000 to 8,000 quartings were equivalent to one florin instead of the original 400” (Engel, at 223-224)
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 582, Pohl 121-1, Unger 452, Réthy II 126183 viewsHungary. Sigismund (Zsigmond, in Hun.) of Luxembourg (1387-1437; Holy Roman Emperor 1433-1437). AR parvus, 11 mm.
Obv: Four-part shield (Árpádian stripes and Bohemian lion), S—V—R above and flanking.
Rev: Cross with four crowns between its arms.
The type was struck in 1402 (per Huszár & Unger) or 1402-1403 (per Pohl) in Buda (now Budapest) (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 5.
The parvus (also called the “small denar” fillér or pankart) was struck with an average nominal fineness of 0.353 silver. Because of many worn out and counterfeit coins it was pulled from circulation after 1427 (per Huszár). Although not specifically discussed in this context in Engel, the parvus must have experienced the same rampant debasement as the denar did.
“Owing to inner strife and disordered general conditions, the coins [of this period] were usually minted with extremely low precious metal content; moreover, poor mintages were often struck with negligently engraved dies. As a result of the hurried, superficial minting, it was sometimes doubtful whether a faulty coin had been issued officially, or was a forgery” (Huszár 1963, at 15).
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 586, Pohl 124-49, Unger 456 alpha-alpha, Réthy II 129 182 viewsHungary. Sigismund (Zsigmond in Hun.) of Luxembourg (1387-1437; Holy Roman Emperor 1433-1437). Billon quarting, 13-14 mm.
Obv: Patriarchal cross, Q or koppa–L (privy mark) in central fields.
Rev: Patriarchal cross.
The type was struck in 1430-1437 (per Pohl, Huszár & Unger). This privy mark was probably struck in Pécs (per Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 3. This specimen is poorly struck, even for the emission, with the obverse devise also appearing on the reverse.
“Owing to inner strife and disordered general conditions, the coins [of this period] were usually minted with extremely low precious metal content; moreover, poor mintages were often struck with negligently engraved dies. As a result of the hurried, superficial minting, it was sometimes doubtful whether a faulty coin had been issued officially, or was a forgery” (Huszár 1963, at 15).
The quarting (also known as the fryling and as a moneta minor) was originally worth a quarter of a denar, but it “soon fell victim to the manipulations of the treasury. Its fineness decreased at such a rate that soon it contained almost nothing but copper. The result was economic anarchy. Trust in these silver coins was irreparably damaged, and, although the government officially devalued the quarting several times, its market value fell even more drastically. In the last years of Sigismund’s reign, 6,000 to 8,000 quartings were equivalent to one florin instead of the original 400” (Engel, at 223-224)
Stkp
|
|
Huszár 717, Pohl 216-8, Unger 562h, Réthy II 235A, Frynas 34.35182 viewsHungary. Matthias Corvinus/Mátyás Hunyadi (1458-1490).
AR denar (aver. fineness approx. .500 AR; ideal weight .59023 g.); .49 g., 15.51 mm. max., 90°
Obv: + m•ATh[IE]•[R•]Vn[G]ARIE, Four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), raven with prominent feet on branch within partial escutcheon.
Rev: PATROnA - VnGARIE, Veiled Madonna with infant Jesus to her right, K–K/shield in fields.
The type was struck 1468-1470 per Pohl and Unger, except that Pohl extends the type to 1484 re one scarce mintmark. Huszár and Gyöngyössy assign date ranges of 1468-1471 and 1468-1477, respectively, presumably in recognition of the later striking of coins bearing that one scarce mark. Frynas simply assigns a date of 1468 to this type.
This mark was struck in Kremnitz/Körmöcbánya, now Kremnica, Slovakia, by Johannes Constorfer, kammergraf, in 1468.
Huszár/Pohl rarity 3, Unger value 7 DM, Frynas rarity C. By my provisional estimate, roughly 10% of this type bears this mark. This is a highly variable type. Coins with this mark typically have the obverse legend + mOnETA • mAThIE • R • VnG (or a minor variation), whereas coins of this type with the mark K-shield (also struck in Kreminitz under Constorfer, but in 1469) have the obverse legend + m • mAThie • R • VnGARIE (or a minor variant). In either event, the raven is within a whole or partial escutcheon, stands on a twig and has prominent feet. This coin is unusual in that it bears the latter legend, but the obverse die was erroneously engraved to omit the second "m" (for Mathie). I have only seen one other example of this mark with the latter legend, and it was also erroneously engraved in this manner, although from a different die. In my article on this coinage, I classified coins bearing this mark and the former legend as Subtype D1 and D2 (depending on the presence or absence of the large clearly defined ring ). The variety with the latter legend, represented by this coin, was then unknown to me and not mentioned.Stkp
|
|
Huszár 846, Pohl 258-2, Unger 675e, Réthy II 308A, dated 1524 180 viewsHungary. Louis II (Lajos II in Hun.) (1516-1526). AR denar, 16 mm.
Obv: 1524, with rosettes on either side of date, above four-part shield with Hungarian arms (Árpádian stripes, patriarchal cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion), Polish eagle in escutcheon, rosette between two annulets on sides of shield.
Rev: Crowned Madonna with infant Jesus to her right, L—K (privy mark) in fields.
The type was struck 1521-1525 (per Huszár) or 1521-1526 (per Pohl & Unger). This privy mark was struck in Kremnitz (formerly Körmöcbánya, Hungary, now Kremnica, Slovakia) (per Pohl).
This type was an inflationary currency that was referred to by contemporaries as “moneta nova.” On average, 400 denars, each weighing 0.49 g., were struck form Ofner mark of silver with a fineness of 0,250 (per Huszár). They were officially valued at ½ a denar, but the public did not accept them at this overvalued rate (per Huszár & Pohl).
Huszár/Pohl rarity rating 4. Stkp
|
|
Abbasid Caliphate. Harun al-Rashid (170-193A.H. = 786-809 A.D.)179 viewsAlbum 219.2, Lowick/Savage 826, Lavoix 826
AR dirham, 22-23 mm. Struck at the al-Muhammadiya mint (Reyy near today's Tehran), dated 191 A.H. (807/8 A.D.)
Obv: In The Name of God. This dirham was struck in al-Muhammadiyya in the year one and ninety and one hundred [marginal legend], around There is no diety except (the one) God alone. He has no equal [central legend].
Rev: Muhammad is the messenger of God. He sent him with guidance and the true religion to reveal it to all religions even if the polytheists abhor it [marginal legend], around Muhammad the Messenger of God [central legend], letter ha below.Stkp
|
|
| 1654 files on 19 page(s) |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
