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1701a, Saladin, 1169-11932116 viewsAYYUBID: Saladin, 1169-1193, AR dirham (2.92g), Halab, AH580, A-788, lovely struck, well-centered & bold, Extremely Fine, Scarce.
His name in Arabic, in full, is SALAH AD-DIN YUSUF IBN AYYUB ("Righteousness of the Faith, Joseph, Son of Job"), also called AL-MALIK AN-NASIR SALAH AD-DIN YUSUF I (b. 1137/38, Tikrit, Mesopotamia--d. March 4, 1193, Damascus), Muslim sultan of Egypt, Syria, Yemen, and Palestine, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, and the most famous of Muslim heroes.
In wars against the Christian crusaders, he achieved final success with the disciplined capture of Jerusalem (Oct. 2, 1187), ending its 88-year occupation by the Franks. The great Christian counterattack of the Third Crusade was then stalemated by Saladin's military genius.
Saladin was born into a prominent Kurdish family. On the night of his birth, his father, Najm ad-Din Ayyub, gathered his family and moved to Aleppo, there entering the service of 'Imad ad-Din Zangi ibn Aq Sonqur, the powerful Turkish governor in northern Syria. Growing up in Ba'lbek and Damascus, Saladin was apparently an undistinguished youth, with a greater taste for religious studies than military training.
His formal career began when he joined the staff of his uncle Asad ad-Din Shirkuh, an important military commander under the amir Nureddin, son and successor of Zangi. During three military expeditions led by Shirkuh into Egypt to prevent its falling to the Latin-Christian (Frankish) rulers of the states established by the First Crusade, a complex, three-way struggle developed between Amalric I, the Latin king of Jerusalem, Shawar, the powerful vizier of the Egyptian Fatimid caliph, and Shirkuh. After Shirkuh's death and after ordering Shawar's assassination, Saladin, in 1169 at the age of 31, was appointed both commander of the Syrian troops and vizier of Egypt.
His relatively quick rise to power must be attributed not only to the clannish nepotism of his Kurdish family but also to his own emerging talents. As vizier of Egypt, he received the title king (malik), although he was generally known as the sultan. Saladin's position was further enhanced when, in 1171, he abolished the Shi'i Fatimid caliphate, proclaimed a return to Sunnah in Egypt, and consequently became its sole ruler.
Although he remained for a time theoretically a vassal of Nureddin, that relationship ended with the Syrian emir's death in 1174. Using his rich agricultural possessions in Egypt as a financial base, Saladin soon moved into Syria with a small but strictly disciplined army to claim the regency on behalf of the young son of his former suzerain.
Soon, however, he abandoned this claim, and from 1174 until 1186 he zealously pursued a goal of uniting, under his own standard, all the Muslim territories of Syria, northern Mesopotamia, Palestine, and Egypt.
This he accomplished by skillful diplomacy backed when necessary by the swift and resolute use of military force. Gradually, his reputation grew as a generous and virtuous but firm ruler, devoid of pretense, licentiousness, and cruelty. In contrast to the bitter dissension and intense rivalry that had up to then hampered the Muslims in their resistance to the crusaders, Saladin's singleness of purpose induced them to rearm both physically and spiritually.
Saladin's every act was inspired by an intense and unwavering devotion to the idea of jihad ("holy war")-the Muslim equivalent of the Christian crusade. It was an essential part of his policy to encourage the growth and spread of Muslim religious institutions.
He courted its scholars and preachers, founded colleges and mosques for their use, and commissioned them to write edifying works especially on the jihad itself. Through moral regeneration, which was a genuine part of his own way of life, he tried to re-create in his own realm some of the same zeal and enthusiasm that had proved so valuable to the first generations of Muslims when, five centuries before, they had conquered half the known world.
Saladin also succeeded in turning the military balance of power in his favour-more by uniting and disciplining a great number of unruly forces than by employing new or improved military techniques. When at last, in 1187, he was able to throw his full strength into the struggle with the Latin crusader kingdoms, his armies were their equals. On July 4, 1187, aided by his own military good sense and by a phenomenal lack of it on the part of his enemy, Saladin trapped and destroyed in one blow an exhausted and thirst-crazed army of crusaders at Hattin, near Tiberias in northern Palestine.
So great were the losses in the ranks of the crusaders in this one battle that the Muslims were quickly able to overrun nearly the entire Kingdom of Jerusalem. Acre, Toron, Beirut, Sidon, Nazareth, Caesarea, Nabulus, Jaffa (Yafo), and Ascalon (Ashqelon) fell within three months.
But Saladin's crowning achievement and the most disastrous blow to the whole crusading movement came on Oct. 2, 1187, when Jerusalem, holy to both Muslim and Christian alike, surrendered to the Sultan's army after 88 years in the hands of the Franks. In stark contrast to the city's conquest by the Christians, when blood flowed freely during the barbaric slaughter of its inhabitants, the Muslim reconquest was marked by the civilized and courteous behaviour of Saladin and his troops. His sudden success, which in 1189 saw the crusaders reduced to the occupation of only three cities, was, however, marred by his failure to capture Tyre, an almost impregnable coastal fortress to which the scattered Christian survivors of the recent battles flocked. It was to be the rallying point of the Latin counterattack.
Most probably, Saladin did not anticipate the European reaction to his capture of Jerusalem, an event that deeply shocked the West and to which it responded with a new call for a crusade. In addition to many great nobles and famous knights, this crusade, the third, brought the kings of three countries into the struggle.
The magnitude of the Christian effort and the lasting impression it made on contemporaries gave the name of Saladin, as their gallant and chivalrous enemy, an added lustre that his military victories alone could never confer on him.
The Crusade itself was long and exhausting, and, despite the obvious, though at times impulsive, military genius of Richard I the Lion-Heart, it achieved almost nothing. Therein lies the greatest-but often unrecognized--achievement of Saladin. With tired and unwilling feudal levies, committed to fight only a limited season each year, his indomitable will enabled him to fight the greatest champions of Christendom to a draw. The crusaders retained little more than a precarious foothold on the Levantine coast, and when King Richard set sail from the Orient in October 1192, the battle was over.
Saladin withdrew to his capital at Damascus. Soon, the long campaigning seasons and the endless hours in the saddle caught up with him, and he died. While his relatives were already scrambling for pieces of the empire, his friends found that the most powerful and most generous ruler in the Muslim world had not left enough money to pay for his own grave.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
H.A.R. Gibb, "The Arabic Sources for the Life of Saladin," Speculum, 25:58-72 (1950). C.W. Wilson's English translation of one of the most important Arabic works, The Life of Saladin (1897), was reprinted in 1971. The best biography to date is Stanley Lane-Poole, Saladin and the Fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, new ed. (1926, reprinted 1964), although it does not take account of all the sources.Cleisthenes
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ROMAN EMPIRE, AGRIPPA AS1549 viewsObverse: M AGRIPPA L F COS III - Head left. Reverse: SC - Neptune standing, holding trident and dolphin. Rome Mint: AD 37-41. RIC I Caligula 58, Cohen 3Postumus
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[1901a] Ardashir I, The Great (AD 224-241) 1517 viewsSASANIAN EMPIRE. Ardashir I, 224-241 AD. AR Drachm; Göbl 10; 4.27 gm; Toned VF. Obverse: Crowned draped bust; Reverse: Fire-altar. Ex Pegasi.
Ardashir I, The Great (AD 226-241)
Ardashir I (early Middle Persian Arđaxšēr "Who has the Divine Order as his Kingdom"), also known as Ardashīr-i Pāpagān "Ardashir, son of Pāpağ" Ardeshiri Babakan, and as Artaxerxes, was ruler of Persia (226–241) and the founder of the Sassanid dynasty (226–651). Other variants of his name appear as Artaxares, Artashastra, Ardaxshir, Ardasher, Artashir and Artakhshathra.
Early Years
Ardashir I was born in the late 2nd century in Istakhr, (located today in Iran) a vassal kingdom of the Parthian Empire. His father Pāpağ (sometimes written as Pāpak or Babak) deposed the previous king, Gochihr, and took his throne. His mother may have been named Rodhagh. During his father's reign, Ardashir I ruled the town of Darabjird and received the title of "argbadh". Upon Pāpağ's death, Ardashir I's elder brother Šāpūr ascended to the throne. However, Ardashir I rebelled against his brother and took the kingship for himself in 208.
Ardashir I rapidly extended his territory, demanding fealty from the local princes of Fars and gaining control over the neighboring provinces of Kerman, Isfahan, Susiana, and Mesene. This expansion brought the attention of the Arsacid Great King Artabanus IV (216–224), Ardashir I's overlord and ruler of the Parthian Empire, who marched against him in 224. Their armies clashed at Hormizdeghan, and Artabanus IV was killed. Ardashir I went on to invade the western provinces of the now-defunct Parthian Empire. This led to a confrontation between Kurds and Aradshir I which is recorded in a historical text named "Book of the Deeds of Ardashir son of Babak". It is written in Pahlavi script. In this book, the author explains the battle between King of the Kurds, "Madig" and Ardashir I.
Crowned in 226 as the sole ruler of Persia, and taking the title Šāhānšāh "King of Kings" (his consort Adhur-Anahid took the title "Queen of Queens"), Ardashir I finally brought the 400 year-old Parthian Empire to an end and began four centuries of Sassanid rule.
Over the next few years, Ardashir I further expanded his new empire to the east and northwest, conquering the provinces of Sistan, Gorgan, Khorasan, Margiana (in modern Turkmenistan), Balkh, and Chorasmia. Bahrain and Mosul were also added to Sassanid possessions. Furthermore, the Kings of Kushan, Turan, and Mekran recognized Ardashir as their overlord. In the West, assaults against Hatra, Armenia and Adiabene met with less success.
Religion and State
According to historian Arthur Christensen, the Sassanid state as established by Ardashir I was characterized by two general trends which differentiated it from its Parthian predecessor: a strong political centralization and organized state sponsorship of Zoroastrianism.
The Parthian Empire had consisted of a loose federation of vassal kingdoms under the suzerainty of the Great King. Ardashir I, perhaps seeing from his own successes the weaknesses of such decentralized authority, established a strong central government by which to rule Persia. The empire was divided into cantons, the dimensions of which were based on military considerations. These cantons were designed to resist the influence of hereditary interests and feudal rivalries. Local governors who descended from the ruling family bore the title of shāh. In an attempt to protect royal authority from regional challenges, the personal domains of the Sassanids and branch families family were scattered across the empire. While the old feudal princes (vāspuhrs) remained, they were required to render military service with their local troops (for the most part peasant levies). The lesser nobility was cultivated as a source of military strength, forming the elite cavalry of the army, and the royal household found a useful (and presumably reliable) military force through the hiring of mercenaries.
Zoroastrianism had existed in the Parthian Empire, and its holy text, the Avesta, had likely been compiled during the years of the Arsacid dynasty. The Sassanids could trace their heritage to the Temple of Anahita at Staxr, where Ardashir I's grandfather had been a dignitary. Under Ardashir I, the Zoroastrian (sometimes called Mazdean) religion was promoted and regulated by the state. The Sassanids built fire temples and, under royal direction, a new and official version of the Avesta was compiled by a cleric named Tansār. The government officially backed the Zurvanist doctrine of the religion, which emphasized the concept of time as the "original principle", over the competing doctrine of Vayism, which stressed the importance of space over time. Despite this state backing of a particular sect, it appears that other religious practices were tolerated so long as they did not interfere with the political authority of the Sassanids.
In other domestic affairs, Ardashir I maintained his familial base in Fars, erecting such structures as the Ghal'eh Dokhtar and the Palace of Ardashir. Despite these impressive structures, he established his government at the old Parthian capital of Ctesiphon on the Tigris River. He also rebuilt the city of Seleucia, located just across the river, which had been destroyed by the Romans in 165, renaming it Veh-Ardashir. Trade was promoted and important ports at Mesene and Charax were repaired or constructed.
War with Rome
In the latter years of his reign, Ardashir I engaged in a series of armed conflicts with Persia's great rival to the west – the Roman Empire.
Ardashir I's expansionist tendencies had been frustrated by his failed invasions of Armenia, where a relative of the former Arsacid rulers of Parthia sat on the throne. Given Armenia's traditional position as an ally of the Romans, Ardashir I may have seen his primary opponent not in the Armenian and Caucasian troops he had faced, but in Rome and her legions.
In 230 Ardashir I led his army into the Roman province of Mesopotamia, unsuccessfully besieging the fortress town of Nisibis. At the same time, his cavalry ranged far enough past the Roman border to threaten Syria and Cappadocia. It seems that the Romans saw fit to attempt a diplomatic solution to the crisis, reminding the Persians of the superiority of Roman arms, but to no avail. Ardashir I campaigned unsuccessfully against Roman border outposts again the following year (231). As a result, the Roman emperor Alexander Severus (222–235) moved to the east, establishing his headquarters at Antioch, but experienced difficulties in bringing his troops together and thus made another attempt at diplomacy, which Ardashir I rebuffed.
Finally, in 232, Severus led his legions in a three-pronged assault on the Persians. However, the separate army groups did not advance in a coordinated fashion, and Ardashir I was able to take advantage of the disorder and concentrate his forces against the enemy advancing through Armenia, where he was able to halt the Roman advance. Hearing of the Roman plans to march on his capital at Ctesiphon, Ardashir I left only a token screening force in the north and met the enemy force that was advancing to the south, apparently defeating it in a decisive manner. However, one can discern that the Persians must have suffered considerable losses as well, as no attempt was made to pursue the fleeing Romans. Both leaders must have had reason to avoid further campaigning, as Severus returned to Europe in the following year (233) and Ardashir I did not renew his attacks for several years, probably focusing his energies in the east.
On 237 Ardashir I, along with his son and successor Shapur I (241–272), again invaded Mesopotamia. This effort resulted in successful assaults on Nisibis and Carrhae and the shock this caused in Rome led the emperor to revive the Roman client-state of Osroene. In 241, Ardashir I and Shapur finally overcame the stubborn fortress of Hatra. Ardashir I died later in the year.
Final Assessment
Ardashir I was an energetic king, responsible for the resurgence of Persia, the strengthening of Zoroastrianism, and the establishment of a dynasty that would endure for four centuries. While his campaigns against Rome met with only limited success, he achieved more against them than the Parthians had done in many decades and prepared the way for the substantial successes his son and successor Shapur I would enjoy against the same enemy.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
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ROMAN REPUBLIC, AR Victoriatus, 211-206 B.C.1470 viewsSilver victoriatus, SRCV I 49, RSC I 9, Crawford 53/1, Sydenham 83, EF, Rome mint, 211 - 206 B.C.; obverse laureate head of Jupiter right; reverse ROMA, Victory right, crowning trophy with wreath in right.
The victoriatus is actually a drachm and was minted to facilitate trade with the Southern Italy Greeks, for which denarii were too new and perhaps not easily understood. Later when Rome's influence in South expanded, about 170 B.C., the production ceased.Philoromaos
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136 Constantinus I. (306-309 A.D. Caesar, 309-910 A.D. Filius Augustorum, 307-337 A.D. Augustus), Sirmium, RIC VII 048, AE-3 Follis, -/-//SIRM, SARMATIA DEVICTA, #2,Roman Empire, Constantine I (307-337 AD.) AE-3 Follis, SARMATIA DEVICTA, Sirmium, #2,1221 views136 Constantinus I. (306-309 A.D. Caesar, 309-910 A.D. Filius Augustorum, 307-337 A.D. Augustus), Sirmium, RIC VII 048, AE-3 Follis, -/-//SIRM, SARMATIA DEVICTA, #2,
avers: CONSTAN TINVS AVG, 1, B1, Laureate head right.
reverse: SARMATIA DEVICTA, Victory advancing right, stepping on captive, holding trophy and palm.
exergue: -/-//SIRM, diameter: 18-19,5mm, weight: 3,18g, axis: 6h,
mint: Sirmium, date: 324-325 A.D., ref: RIC-VII-48, p475,
Q-002
 quadrans
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S.1129 Eadgar (Farthein)1176 viewsPenny of Eadgar, king of England 959-972
Moneyer: Farthein
Mint: unknown (Northeast)
S. 1129
N. 741
HT1, NE V
O: +EADGAR REX
R: CARD EIN No
Ex- Baldwins 105 (lot 147)St. George's Collection
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Queen Elizabeth II Gold Sovereign1087 views1964
Obv. Right Facing Queen Elizabeth, REGINA:\ F.D.:ELIZABETH II DEI GRATIA
Rev. St. George on horseback slaying dragonDino
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*IMITATION OTTOMAN Cedid Mahmudiye1041 viewsThis piece came in a bag of modern Foreign coins - 21 pounds! May be gold inside!!!
The dating did not seem right to me! From the experts at Zeno, I found a similar issue..... This attribution from Zeno:
Imitation of gold cedid mahmudiye (KM, Turkey #645) with distorted inscriptions and fantasy regnal year 78. Made for jewelry purposes throughout the 19th and early 20th century, very likely outside Turkey: similar imitations are met in abundance in South Russia and Ukraine, along the shores of Black and Azov seas, where they were widely used for adorning Gypsy and native Greek women's garments.
So, as you see, it is not exactly a FAKE or a COUNTERFEIT - it is an IMITATION, so the makers could not get into trouble. The regnal years alone would show that the coin was not "real" -
An interesting piece that may turn up from time to time!
dpaul7
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16.19. Béla III., King of Hungary, (1172-1196 A.D.), Cu-23, CÁC I. 16.19./a1.?./?., (avers same as 16.20./a1.14./15.,), H-073A, CNH I.-103, U--, Rare!, #011014 views16.19. Béla III., King of Hungary, (1172-1196 A.D.), Cu-23, CÁC I. 16.19./a1.?./?., (avers same as 16.20./a1.14./15.,), H-073A, CNH I.-103, U--, Rare!, #01
avers: Illegible Kufic legend-imitation, a similar legend in lines in a circle of dots, a border of dots.
reverse: Illegible Kufic legend-imitation, a similar legend in lines in a circle of dots, a border of dots. (with JOJ).
exergue: -/-//JOJ, diameter: 23,0 mm, weight: 1,28, axis: h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár-073A, Unger--, CNH I.-103, Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: 16.19./a1.?./?., (avers same as 16.20./a1.14./15.,), New subtype/sigla variation!,
Q-001quadrans
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009 Germanicus (15 B.C.-19 A.D.), RIC I 057, Rome, AE-Dupondius, SIGNIS RECEPT/DEVICTIS GERM, Germanicus advancing left, 981 views009 Germanicus (15 B.C.-19 A.D.), RIC I 057, Rome, AE-Dupondius, SIGNIS RECEPT/DEVICTIS GERM, Germanicus advancing left,
"My Father received the title as conqueror of Germany from the Senate and people of Rome".
avers:- GERMANICVS CAESAR, Germanicus in triumphal quadriga right.
revers:- SIGNIS-RECEPT/DEVICTIS-GERM, large S-C across field, Germanicus advancing left holding eagle-tipped sceptre.
date: Struck under Caligula 40-41AD.
mint: Rome
diameter: 27mm
weight: 12,77g
ref: RIC-57, C-7, BMC-94,
Q-001quadrans
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Troas, Ilion, pseudo-autonomous, Bellinger T129971 viewsTroas, Ilion, pseudo-autonomous, c.79-96 (time of the Flavians)
AE - (Orichalcum-) Semis, 6.86g, 19mm
obv. Bust of Athena, wearing warlike clothes with Corinthian helmet, aegis on her chest, spear over r. shoulder, before which a snake twisting upwords (from the aegis?)
ILI beneath, all in circle of dots
rev. Aineias, bearded, bare-headed, in short military cloak and boots, advancing r., leading his son Askanios, in short chiton, looking upwards to him, with r. hand, and carrying his father Anchises, bearded, head veiled, looking forward, in his l. arm
all in dotted circle
ref.: Bellinger T129; von Fritze 28; RPC II, 895; SNG Copenhagen 368; SNG von Aulock 154; BMC 20
Rare, VF, natural Orichalcum surface, slight roughness
Pedigree:
ex Künker Auction 133, lot 8140 (describes the snake as twining around the spear!)
For more informations please look at the thread 'Mythological interesting coins'!
Jochen
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Macedonia, Kings, 016 Alexander III., (The Great, 356-323 B.C.), Price 0110, Amphipolis, AR-Tetradrachm, Zeus Aëtophoros seated on throne left, bow and quiver in left field,956 viewsMacedonia, Kings, 016 Alexander III., (The Great, 356-323 B.C.), Price 0110, Amphipolis, AR-Tetradrachm, Zeus Aëtophoros seated on throne left, bow and quiver in left field,
avers: No legends, Young Herakles' head right, clad in Nemean lion scalp headdress tied at the neck.
reverse: BAΣILEΩΣ-AΛEΞANΔΡOΥ, Zeus Aëtophoros seated on throne left, right leg drawn back, holding eagle and scepter, bow and quiver in left field.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 25,5-26,5mm, weight: 17,26g, axes: 8 h,
mint: Macedonia, Kings, Alexander III, The Great, ‘Amphipolis’ mint.
date: c. 323 - c. 320 B.C., ref: Price 110,
Q-001quadrans
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Thracian Chersonese AR, Lion * Pentacle Hemiobol925 viewsThracian, Chersonese 480-350 BC.
Silver Hemiobol
Obv: Forepart of lion right, head reverted left, tongue protruding.
Rev: Quadripartite incuse square, pellet with ligate AΓ and Pentacle monograms.
Size: 14.10 x 13.4 mms.
Weight: 2.31 grams
Die Axis: 180°
Condition: Superb! Appears mint or near mint condition. I can’t imagine it looked much if at-all different the hour it was struck. Bright, clear, stunning luster, perfectly centered and well-struck in all areas on an excellent flan. Gorgeous coin which a mere photo cannot do justice.
Similar to: Sear Greek Coins and their Values (SG) Number sg1604/05
Tiathena
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Attica, Athens912 viewsAthens, ca. 449-413 BC. Silver tetradrachm.
Denomination : Silver tetradrachm.
Size : 23.7 x 24.3 mm Weight : 17.20 grams.
Reference : Sear-2526.
Grade : gVF and better centered than usual with a significant part of the crest showing.
Obverse : Head of Athena right.
Reverse : Owl standing right, with an olive sprig and crescent moon over its shoulder, with a AQE to the right.
Ex-Calgary Coin 1150ecoli
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107- Constantine The Great -17905 viewsAE4, 337-340 AD, Cyzicus mint.
Obv: DN CONSTANTINVS PT AVGG, Veiled head right.
Rev: Constantine in quadriga galloping left, the hand of God reaching down from heaven to welcome him.
SMKE. in exergue.
16mm, 1.8gm
RIC VIII 19Jerome Holderman
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037b Marcus Aurelius (139-161 A.D. as Caesar, 161-180 A.D. as Augustus), RIC III 0138, Rome, AR-Denarius, P M TR P XIX IMP III COS III, Roma seated left, #1897 views037b Marcus Aurelius (139-161 A.D. as Caesar, 161-180 A.D. as Augustus), RIC III 0138, Rome, AR-Denarius, P M TR P XIX IMP III COS III, Roma seated left, #1
avers: M ANTONINVS AVG ARMENIACVS, Laureate head right.
reverse: P M TR P XIX IMP III COS III, Roma seated left, holding palladium and scepter.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 18,0mm, weight: 2,86g, axis: 1h,
mint: Rome, date:165 A.D.,
ref: RIC III. 138, p-224, RSC 481, Sear ,
Q-001quadrans
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RIC-10(a) Pupienus Clasped Hands878 viewsIMP CAES M CLOD PVPIENVS AVG - Radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right
CARITAS MVTVA AVGG - (Mutual Clarity of the Emperors), clasped hands
This is the scarcer variant of RIC 10. Superb portrait. David Sear ANCCS certified.
From Forum ancient Coinsjimwho523
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Claudius RIC I, 38871 viewsClaudius, AD 41 - 54
AV - Aureus, 7.71g, 18mm
Rome 46/47
obv. TI CLAVD CAESAR AVG PM TRP VI IMP XI
laureate head r.
rev. PACI AVGVSTAE
Pax/Nemesis walking r., holding with l. hand caduceus
and point with it at snake at her feet; holding fold of the
robe before her chin
RIC I, 38; C.57; von Kaenel 628 (this specimen!)
R2; about VF
One of my favorite coins due to its pedigree:
ex Glandining & Co. Sale Nr. 2, London, 15.7.1029, Nr.666 (depicted)
(ex coll. Moritz Simon, Berlin)
ex Cahn, Auktion 68, Frankfurt, 26.11.1930, Nr. 232 (depicted)
ex M&M, Basel
ex Dr. Brandt, Klassische Münzen, Tübingen, February 2002
from Curtis Clay: Herbert Cahn, one of the greatest
German coin houses, had to flee from the Nazis to Switzerland
1 NEMESIS, Goddess of rightful distribution
2 CADUCEUS, holding caduceus to snake = welfare
3 The interpretation of N.'s gesture, holding fold of the robe to the chin as spitting in the neck and symbol for happiness, is doubtful. Rossbach thinks it may be a gesture of modesty!
This all stands for the politics of Claudius!Jochen
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Aelia Flaccilla846 viewsAelia Flaccilla AE4.
SMHA Mint, 13mm, 1.04g
Obv: AEL FLAC-CILLA AVG, draped bust right with elaborate headdress,
necklace and mantle
Rev: SALVS REI-PVBLICAE, Victory seated right, writing chi-rho on shield
resting on small column.
RIC IX Heraclea 17
RARE
SRukke
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Volusian Pietas818 viewsVolusian AR Antoninianus, Sear 2826 (1988), RIC 182, Van Meter 24, RSC IV 88
Obv:– IMP CAE C VIB VOLVSIANO AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev:– PIETAS AVGG, Pietas, veiled, standing left, raising both hands; to left altar
251 - 253 AD, 22.25mm, 3.2g, Rome
Son of Trebonius Gallus
SCARCESRukke
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022b Titus (69-79 A.D. Caesar, 79-81 A.D. Augustus), RIC² 0025, RIC II(1962) 0012, AR-Denarius, Roma, TR P VIIII IMP XIIII COS VII P P, Quadriga left, #1816 views022b Titus (69-79 A.D. Caesar, 79-81 A.D. Augustus), RIC² 0025, RIC II(1962) 0012, AR-Denarius, Roma, TR P VIIII IMP XIIII COS VII P P, Quadriga left, #1
avers: IMP TITVS CAES VESPASIAN AVG P M, Laureate head right.
reverse: TR P VIIII IMP XIIII COS VII P P, Quadriga left with corn ears in car.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 18,0-18,5mm, weight: 2,90g, axis: 5h,
mint: Rome, date: 79 A.D., ref: RIC² 0025, RIC II(1962) 0012 p-117, BMC 18, RSC 278, BNC 15,
Q-001quadrans
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1672, Prise de douze villes en Hollande808 viewsObv. Draped and cuirassed bust right LVD MAG FRA ET NAV REX PP, CHERON on bust truncation.
Rev. The King in the guise of Sol, radiating light, seated right in a heavenly chariot pulled by three horses, surrounded by clouds. Around are aerlia views of twelve towns and forts captured in Holland SOLIS QVE LABORES on scroll above central design, the names of all twelve towns/forts around.
AE63. Engraved by Charles Jean Francois Cheron. ORIGINAL STRIKE, very rare.
Charles Jean Francois Cheron (1635-1698), one of the most distinguished artists of the school of Jean Warin, was born at Nancy and was trained by his father, Jean-Charles Cheron, engraver to Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine. Cheron went to Rome and became engraver of medals for Clement IX and Innocent X. Cheron's style in his Roman medals is of remarkable boldness, and his medals of Pope Clement IX and of Bernini are grandiloquent and among the finest Italian medals of the period. He returned to France in 1675 and was employed by Louis XIV at the Medal Mint at Paris for about twelve years, where he contributed several medals to the medallic series of the monarch, the Histoire Metallique. His medals are considered to be in an international baroque style.
LordBest
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022a Titus (69-79 A.D. Caesar, 79-81 A.D. Augustus), AE-Dupondius, RIC² Not in !!! (Vespasian), RIC II(1962) Not in !!! (Vespasian), Roma, S-C, ROMA, Roma seated left, Not listed in RIC !!!, Rare !, 784 views022a Titus (69-79 A.D. Caesar, 79-81 A.D. Augustus), AE-Dupondius, RIC² Not in !!! (Vespasian), RIC II(1962) Not in !!! (Vespasian), Roma, S-C, ROMA, Roma seated left, Not listed in RIC !!!, Rare!
avers: T CAES VESPAS•IMP•P•TRP COS II, Radiate head right.
reverse: Roma seated left, holding wreath and parazonium, S-C across the field, ROMA in exergue.
exergue: S/C//ROMA, diameter: 27mm, weight: x,xxg, axis: h,
mint: Rome, date: 72 A.D., ref: RIC² Not in !!! (Vespasian), RIC II(1962) Not in !!! (Vespasian), C-Not in !!!,
Q-001
"Titus' coins with obverse legend T CAES VESPAS IMP P TR P COS II were struck in year 72, first issue.No ROMA reverse is listed in RIC for Titus in this issue, so you may have found a new type! "by FlaviusDomitianus. Thank you FlaviusDomitianus.
""Titus' issue of bronze coins with COS II and the abbreviations CAES VESPAS is altogether rare. RIC 411-417 only lists two sestertius types, R2 and R3; one dupondius type, FELICITAS PVBLICA, R2, unfortunately not illustrated, it would be nice to compare the obverse die with your coin; and four As types, all R2.
The same ROMA reverse die of your coin was apparently also used for dupondii with other obverse legends:
RIC 396, pl. 31, Vespasian COS IIII.
RIC 438, pl. 34, Titus CAES VESPASIAN P TR P COS II; also pl. 34, RIC 436 (rev. only), which should have ROMA around edge and SC in exergue, but in fact has ROMA in exergue and S - C in field, so seems to be another example of RIC 438.
Titus CAES VESPASIAN PON TR POT (instead of P TR P) COS II: my collection ex G. Hirsch 229, 2003, lot 2219; not in RIC."" by Curtis Clay, Thank you Curtis.
quadrans
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Constans RIC VIII, Siscia 114771 viewsConstans 337 - 350, son of Constantin I
AV - Solidus, 4.46g, 20mm
Siscia AD 342
obv. FL IVL CONS - TANS PF AVG
draped, cuirassed bust, rosette-diademed head r.
rev. OB VICTORIAM TRIVMPHALEM
2 Victories standing facing, holding between them shield inscribed
with VOT X MVL XX in four lines (var. A)
exergue: SIS star
RIC VIII, Siscia 114; C.90
R3; EF, with no signs of circulation or wear except daggers mark across
lower revers
Allusion to the victory in the war against the Franks 341/342
from Forum Ancient Coins, thanks!Jochen
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AUSTRIAN NETHERLANDS766 viewsAUSTRIAN NETHERLANDS - Francis II (1792-1835) AR 1/4 Kronenthaler, 1797-B (Kremnitz Mint). Obv.: Bust of emperor right. "FRANC.II.D.G.R.I.S.A.GER.HIE.HVN.BOH.REX." Mintmark B below bust. Reverse: Cruciform figure, with crowns in top, right & left angles; Order of the Golden Fleece hangs at bottom angle. "ARCH.AVST.DVX.BVRG.LOTH.BRAB.COM.FLAN.1797. Reference: KM#60.dpaul7
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112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 504, Ticinum, SALVS AVG, Bust-H, V/-//TXXI, Salus standing right, RR!!765 views112 Probus (276-282 A.D.), AE-Antoninianus, RIC V-II 504, Ticinum, SALVS AVG, Bust-H, V/-//TXXI, Salus standing right, RR!!
avers:- IMP-C-PROBVS-AVG-CONS-IIII, Bust of Probus left, radiate, wearing imperial mantle and holding eagle-tipped sceptre. (H)
revers:- SALVS-AVG, Salus standing right, feeding serpent in arms.
exerg: V/-//TXXI, diameter: 21,5-24mm, weight: 3,45g, axes: 5h,
mint: Ticinum, 9th. emission, date: 281 A.D., ref: RIC-V-II-504, p-71, RR!!
Q-001
This coin is part of the EQVITI series ("V") of Ticinum.quadrans
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024a Domitian (69-81 A.D. Caesar, 81-96 A.D. Augustus), RIC 1447, RIC II(1962) 0349(Vespasian), AR-Denarius, Ephesos, PACI AVGVSTAE, EPHE, Victory advancing right, Rare!!!751 views024a Domitian (69-81 A.D. Caesar, 81-96 A.D. Augustus), RIC 1447, RIC II(1962) 0349(Vespasian), AR-Denarius, Ephesos, PACI AVGVSTAE, EPHE, Victory advancing right, Rare!!!
avers:- DOMITIANVS-CAESAR-AVG,
revers:- PACI-AVGVSTAE/EPHE, Victory advancing right,
exerg:-/-//--, diameter: 18mm, weight: 3,09g, axes: 6h,
mint: Ephesos, date: 71 A.D. , ref: RIC 1447, RIC II(1962) 0349 p-56, RPC 848,
Q-001quadrans
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Macedonia, Kings, 016 Alexander III., (The Great, 356-323 B.C.), Price 0311, Macedonian, AE-18, (Unit), Bow in bow-case and club, #1751 viewsMacedonia, Kings, 016 Alexander III., (The Great, 356-323 B.C.), Price 0311, Macedonian, AE-18, (Unit), Bow in bow-case and club, #1
avers: Head of beardless Heracles right wearing lion-skin headdress.
reverse: AΛEΞAN(Δ)POY, (Legend error "Δ" are missing) Quiver on bow and club, Π below.
exergue: -/-//Π, diameter: 18mm, weight:6,01 g, axes:6h,
mint: Macedonian mint, date: 336-323 B.C., ref:Price 311,
Q-001quadrans
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03. Celtic AE tetradrachm - KAPOSTALER type - c.100-75/50 BC726 viewsobv: Degraded head of Zeus right
rev: Horseman left, with large crest above head; crescent to left
ref: Pink 484-495; Göbl OTA 484-495; LaTour 9807; Kostial 766-797; Dembski 1413-1427;
mint: Szalacska oppidum
8.64gms, 22mm
Description of this type see my East celtic coins topic at the Classical Numismaticsberserker
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Volusian Mount Gerizim716 viewsVolusian, Samaria, Neapolis, (biblical name Shechem) current Nablus, 25mm,
Rosenberger 125, BMC 161 (Palestinian pg. 73), 251 - 253 AD,
OBV: AVT KAI Γ OVI TPEB OVOΛOVCIAN, Laureate draped and cuirassed bust right
REV: ΦΛ NEAC - ΠOΛEWC, Mount Gerizem, with temple and altar, supported between wings of eagle,
Harl, Museum Notes 29, 1984, pl. 14, 146 (same obverse die A33, new reverse die of same type). SNG ANS 1031 (same obverse die, misattributed to Trebonianus Gallus)
SRukke
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ROMAN EMPIRE, Caracalla, Silver Denarius "Mars, the defender" * 196-217 AD *697 views
Caracalla, "Mars*, the defender."
AR Denarius
Obv: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG BRIT - Laureate head right
Rev: MARTI PROPVGNATORI – Mars advancing left, holding spear and trophy
Mint: Rome
Struck: 213 AD
Size: 18 mm.
Weight: 4.5 grams(?)
Die axis: 180 deg.
RIC IVi, 223 (s) Scarce; Cohen 150; D. Sear II, 6819; pg. 521
SCARCE
* Olympian
Tiathena
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Agrippa RIC I, Gaius 58677 viewsAgrippa, died 12 BC, friend and son-in-law of Augustus
AE - As, 10.84g, 22.5mm
Rome, undated
obv. M AGRIPPA L F COS III
head l., with corona rostrata
rev. Neptune standing l., cloaked, r. holding small dolphin,
l. vertical trident
S C l. and r.
RIC I, Gaius 58; C.3; BMCR (Tiberius)161
about VF, black patina
CORONA ROSTRATA (or CORONA NAVALIS), a crown decorated with prows, dedicated to Agrippa due to the victory over Sextus Pompeius in the naval battle of Naulochos 36 BC. Jochen
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002 a Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Octavianus, Crawford 540-2, Rome, AR-Denarius, COS•ITER•ET•TER•DESIG Tetrastyle temple, DIVO•IVL, Rare!!!,672 views002 a Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), Octavianus, Crawford 540-2, Rome, AR-Denarius, COS•ITER•ET•TER•DESIG Tetrastyle temple, DIVO•IVL, Rare!!!,
Octavianus. Denarius, mint moving with Octavian 36 B.C.,
avers: IMP•CAESAR•DIVI•F•III•VIR• ITER•R•P•C Head of Octavian r., slightly bearded.
revers: COS•ITER•ET•TER•DESIG Tetrastyle temple within which veiled figure standing facing and holding lituus; on architrave, DIVO·IVL and within the pediment, star.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 18mm, weight: 3,89g, axis:- 5h,
mint: Rome, date: 36 B.C., ref: Crawford 540-2, Sydenham-1338,
Q-001quadrans
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Vitellius Concordia670 viewsVitellius Concordia Denarius, 18.79mm, 2.8g
OBV: A VITELLIVS GERM IMP AVG TRP, laureate head right
REV: CONCOR-DIA PR, Concordia seated left holding patera and cornucopiae
RIC I - 90, BMCRE 20, RSC 18
RARESRukke
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Thracia, Lampsakos, Lysimachos, Thompson 47658 viewsLysimachos, 323-281 BC
AR - tetradrachm, 28.8mm, 16.85g
struck in Lampsakos, 286-281 BC
obv. Head of Alexander the Great, wearing taenia and horn of Ammon
rev. BASILEWS - LYSIMAXOY
Athena, wearing Corinthian helmet, in long robe, std. l. on throne, l. arm resting on shield decorated with lion's-head, spear pointing downwards behind her r. shoulder, holding in outstretched r. hand winged Nike who is crowning the name with a wreath.
in l. Field monogram HP (ligate)
in ex. crescent with cavity l.
ref. Thompson 47; Müller 401; SNG Paris 2542
about EF, a small scratch before the crescent, wonderful style, a Hellenistic artwork! For sure one of the 5% most beautiful specimens of this type!
Pedigree:
ex Ancient Auction House (2003)
ex coll. Pete Burbules (2004)
ex coll. AlexB, Hongkong (2007)
ex Forum Ancient Coins (2008), thanks!
Now this gem has its place for some years at my home. Curious where it will go then!
According to Thompson Lampsakos was the biggest mint of Lysimachos in Asia Minor with c. 150 different obv. dies. When Amphipolis began about 288 BC its extensive coinage the issue from Lampsakos decreased.
Jochen
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009 Germanicus (15 B.C.-19 A.D.), RIC I 050, Rome, AE-As, C CAESAR DIVI AVG PRON AVG P M TR P IIII P P, Around large S•C,656 views009 Germanicus (15 B.C.-19 A.D.), RIC I 050, Rome, AE-As, C CAESAR DIVI AVG PRON AVG P M TR P IIII P P, Around large S•C,
Germanicus Father of Caligula. Died 19 AD. AE-AS, (15 BC.-19 CE.) posthumous commemorative minted under Caligula.
avers:- GERMANICVS-CAESAR-TI-AVG-F-DIVI-AVG-N, Bare head of left.
revers:- C-CAESAR-DIVI-AVG-PRON-AVG-P-M-TR-P-IIII-P-P, Legend around large S•C.
exerg: S/C//--, diameter: 30mm, weight: 11,12g, axis:- h,
mind: Rome, date: 40-41 A.D., ref: RIC-50 (Caligula), BMC-74 (Caligula), C-4,
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Austria. Albert II (the Wise), Duke of Austria and Styria (1330-1358)656 viewsLuschin/Szego 140, CNA B 236.
AR Pfennig, Vienna mint, 14-15 mm.
Obv: Hare facing left.
Rev: Shield.
“Until the 12th century, coins were needed above all for exports; daily transactions were generally barter transactions. As the economy began to operate increasingly on the principle of the division of labor and as cities began to grow, money started to acquire more and more importance for regional trade. Municipal records show that even in Austria under Babenberg rule, money payments to feudal lords began to replace payments in kind. The growing monetarization of society ushered in a new phase in the history of coins. Monetary systems became regionalized. The denar, formerly used for external trade and exports, was replaced by the regional pfennig. New monetary borders came into existence, within which the rulers with coinage rights tried to enforce the compulsory, exclusive use of their own coins. Under Babenberg rule, the Vienna pfennig was accorded the role of regional money used in Austria. The Vienna pfennig came into its own when the mint was moved from Krems to Vienna at the end of the 12th century. It served as a means of payment for daily monetary transactions and remained a monetary unit even when large foreign coins were used to settle the growing volume of trade transactions – gold coins such as the Venetian or Florentine ducat and large silver coins like the Prague groschen. In the course of the 14th century, it became established as a currency in nearly the entire area covered by modern-day Austria, with the exception of Tyrol and Vorarlberg.” (“Money and Trade during the Era of the Silver Pfennig.” Oesterreichische Nationalbank
“It is assumed that most of the 13th and 14th century reverses are not legible at all. This is entirely normal as the obverses were usually struck after the reverses.” (Szego, at 52). The reverse of this issue was the arms of mintmaster Heinrich Schucheler (per Jean Elsen, List 263 Lot 395).Stkp
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Severus Alexander, Sestertius - *653 viewsSestertius struck in Rome in AD 231
IMP SEV ALEXANDER AVG, Laureate bust of Severus Alexander righ, with light drapery on left shoulder
IOVI CONSERVATORI, Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and sceptre, with a small figure of the emperor at his feet, SC in field
14.75 gr
Ref : RCV #7966, Cohen # 74Potator II
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Domitian * Minerva with Owl, 81-96 AD. AR Denarius641 views
Domitianvs * Minerva with Owl, 88 AD. Silver Denarius
" ~ My service to the state is listed here ~ "
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VI * Domitian, Laureate head right facing.
Rev: IMP XIIII COS XIIII CENS P P P – Minerva helmeted & armed right-facing, surmounting Rostrum, holding thunderbolt (or javelin) in right hand, arm raised to throwing position, and shield at the ready on left arm, her owl, facing, at her feet to the right.
Exergue: Occupied by capital-piece of rostrum column.
Mint: Rome
Struck: January-August 88 AD.
Size: 22 mm.
Weight: 2.96 grams
Die axis: 180°
Condition: Absolutely gorgeous. Beautiful bright, clear luster with tri-colored cabinet toning (rainbow effect) on the reverse.
Refs:*
RSC 236
RIC II, 108a
BMC 103(v)
Cohen 218(v)
Sear RCV I (2000), 2730(v), page 495
Tiathena
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Ptolemy VI Philometer/ VIII Euergetes641 viewsPtolemy VI Philometer Silver Tetradrachm
Struck under the joint reign of Ptolemy VI and Ptolemy VIII, 170-164 B.C.
Alexandria mint
26mm 13.7g 0degrees
Obv: Diademed head of Ptolemy I right, wearing aegis.
Rev: PTOLEMAIOU BASILEWS, eagle standing left on thunderbolt.
Svoronos 1489, SNG Cop. 262-268.
High relief dies.mihali84
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Lysimachos640 viewsKingdom of Thracia
Silver Tetradrachm
Lampsakos Mint, 286-281 B.C.
32mm, 17.1g, 0o
obv: Head of Alexander the Great, wearing taenia and horn of Ammon.
rev: BASILEWS LYSIMAXOY, Athena std. l. on throne, wearing Corinthian helmet and robe, left arm resting on shield decorated with lion's head, right arm outstretched holding winged Nike who is crowning name with a wreath, spear pointing downwards behind her right shoulder. HP monogram in l. field, crescent in ex.
ref. Thompson 47; Müller 401; SNG France 2542mihali84
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BEATA TRANQVILLITAS- RIC Trier 343639 viewsConstantine I
obv: CONSTAN-TINVS AVG, Consular Bust of Constantine facing left
rev: BEATA TRAN-QVILLITAS, Altar inscribed VO/TIS/XX
PTR[dot]
RIC Trier 343- R4
ChEF
wolfgang336
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RIC 112 Titus638 viewsAR Denarius, 2.87g
Rome mint, 80 AD
Obv: IMP TITVS CAES VESPASIAN AVG P M; Head of Titus, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: TR P IX IMP XV COS VIII P P; Dolphin coiled round anchor
RIC 112 (C2). BMC 72. RSC 309. BNC 60.
Ex Harlan J Berk BBS 143, 18 May 2005, lot 177.
Struck in 80 AD for Titus's pulvinar series commemorating the opening of the Colosseum. BMCRE speculates this reverse depicts the pulvinar of Neptune and possibly Minerva.
Easily one of the best portraits of Titus I have ever seen. The condition of the obverse is excellent.
A coin I'm very proud to have.David Atherton
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Valentinian I RIC IX, Thessalonica 3(a)634 viewsValentinian I 364-375, brother of Valens
AV - Solidus, 4.49g, 21.3mm, 0°
Thessalonica 25 Aug.364 - 24 Aug.367
obv. DN VALENTINI - ANVS PF AVG
Emperor in consular robe, holding mappa and short sceptre, pearl-
diademed head l.
rev. SALVS - REI P
Emperor standing frontal, head r., holding labarum r. and Victory on globe l.,
spurning captive kneeling l. before him
field: 2 stars r. (type 2)
exergue: SMTES
RIC IX, Thessalonica 3(a) type 2; C.32
R2; about EF, die break on upper rev.Jochen
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Seleukid Kingdom, Seleukos I, 312- 281 B.C., Babylonian double shekel619 views Silver double shekel, Houghton SC-88.2a, Newell ESM-263, SNG Cop -, gVF, 16.94g, 23.9mm, 315o, Babylon mint, c. 311-305 B.C.; obverse Ba'al seated left on diphros, holding scepter in right and resting left hand on seat, border of dots; reverse lion walking left on exergual line, horizontal anchor above, boarder of dots;Salem Alshdaifat
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Ptolemy VI Philometor610 viewsSilver Tetradrachm
Alexandria mint
Struck c. 170-164 B.C.
27mm 14.2g
Obv: Diademed head of Ptolemy I right, wearing aegis.
Rev: PTOLEMAIOU BASILEWS, eagle standing left on thunderbolt.
Svoronos 1489; SNG Copenhagen 265
--OLDER PHOTO--mihali84
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074. Theodosius II, 402-450AD. AV Solidus.609 viewsAV Solidus. Constantinople mint. Obv: DN THEODO-SIVS PF AVG - Three-quarters bust right, draped, cuirassed, holding spear over right shoulder and shield in left hand Rev: VOT XXX MVLT XXXXS - Constantinopolis seated left, holding cross on globe and scepter, her left foot sits on the prow of a galley and at rear of her throne, a shield sits; in right field, a 'star'. Exe: CONOB : AD 430-440, RIC X, 257 (s) Scarce, page 259/ 4.48 g. Choice FDC.
LordBest
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Alexander III602 viewsAlexander III AR Tetradrachm. ‘Amphipolis’ mint. Struck under Kassander, circa 316-314 BC. Head of Herakles right, wearing lion skin headdress / Zeus Aëtophoros seated left; shield in left field, pellet-in-Î below throne. 17.1 g.
Price 136; Troxell, Studies, issue L8.
Thanks for the atribution Lloyd!
Most lifetime issues of Alexander the Great were usualy bulky/thick, which did not alow for the entire design of the die to imprint on the coin. IMO looked better then the wide thin flan. (edit: though this one is Struck under Kassander)
The coin was hand stuck with a die/avil. Dies were usually made of Bronze because it was sofeter and easier to work with then iron, (though some were made of iron as well) then the was anealed to make it stronger and less brittle.
The planchets were made by pouring molten metal into a mold and saved until needed. When it was ready to be used, they heated it just below melting point and placed it between the dies and the punch die was struck with a hammer.
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"Building upon his father's success in Greece, Alexander III (Alexander the Great, reigned 336-323 BC) set about the conquest of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. By the time of his death at the age of 31, he ruled most of the known world from Greece to Afghanistan. Initially Alexander continued to mint Philip's gold and silver coins. Soon, however, the need for a silver coinage that could be widely used in Greece caused him to begin a new coinage on the Athenian weight-standard. His new silver coins, with the head of Herakles on one side and a seated figure of Zeus on the other, also became one of the staple coinages of the Greek world. They were widely imitated within the empire he had forged."
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"......Alexander seems to have liked Amphipolis, because one of his last plans was to spend no less than 315 ton silver for a splendid new temple in the city that was to be dedicated to Artemis Tauropolus. It was never built, but after Alexander's death on 11 June 323 in Babylon, his wife queen Roxane settled in Amphipolis, which appears to have become one of the residences of the Macedonian royals. In 179, king Philip V died in the town."
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Amphipolis , ancient city of Macedonia, on the Strymon (Struma) River near the sea and NE of later Thessaloníki. The place was known as Ennea Hodoi [nine ways] before it was settled and was of interest because of the gold and silver and timber of Mt. Pangaeus (Pangaion), to which it gave access. Athenian colonists were driven out (c.464 BC) by Thracians, but a colony was established in 437 BC Amphipolis became one of the major Greek cities on the N Aegean. This colony was captured by Sparta, and Brasidas and Cleon were both killed in a battle there in 422 BC After it was returned to Athens in 421 BC, it actually had virtual independence until captured (357 BC) by Philip II of Macedon. He had promised to restore it to Athens, and his retention of Amphipolis was a major cause of the war with Athens. In 148 BC it became the capital of the Roman province of Macedonia. Paul, Silas, and Timothy passed through Amphipolis (Acts 17.1). Nearby is the modern Greek village of Amfípolis."
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"A quick look at the WildWinds database( http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/greece/macedonia/kings/alexander_III/t.html ) indicates that the style and monograms are consistent with an Amphipolis issue, with perhaps a little less care than usual in the engraving of the reverse. The closest I could locate with a quick look is Price 133 (variant), although yours appears to have a shield rather than dolphin in the left field reverse."
Randygeki(h2)
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Nero As600 viewscopper As
NERO CAESAR AVG GERM IMP
SC
Victory alighting left wings spread holding shield inscribed SPQR
Rome mint 65 AD
11.16g
Sear 1976 shows head facing right, this example is head facing left.
RIC 1 352
VF
ex-ANEJay GT4
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12 CAESARS598 viewsAfter all, Jay GT4 saying he wanted to make a wallpaper of his 12 caesars after he had seen mine, it's due justice to say I show mine in my gallery after I have seen his...
Please, click to enlarge
Full description attribution and references of the coins are available in my different galleriesPotator II
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Vespasian Denarius594 viewsStruck under Titus, 80-81 AD. Laureate head right, DIVVS AVGVSTVS VESPASIANVS / Shield inscribed S C supported by two capricorns.
socalcoins
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Constantine I GLORIA592 viewsTanit
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024a Domitian (69-81 A.D. Caesar, 81-96 A.D. Augustus), RIC 0921, RIC II(1962) 0238(Vespasian), AR-Denarius, Rome, COS IIII, Pegasus, Scarce!, #1591 views024a Domitian (69-81 A.D. Caesar, 81-96 A.D. Augustus), RIC 0921, RIC II(1962) 0238(Vespasian), AR-Denarius, Rome, COS IIII, Pegasus, Scarce!, #1
avers: CAESAR AVG F DOMITIANVS, Laureate head of Domitian right.
reverse: COS IIII, Pegasus walking right.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 19,0-20,0mm, weight: 2,99g, axis: 5h,
mint: Rome, date: 76 A.D., ref: RIC-II-(1962)-0238,p-42, RIC-New-0921(Vespasian), RSC 47, BMC 193,
Q-001quadrans
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SPQR OPTIMO PRINCIPI- Rome RIC 349a589 viewsConstantine I
obv: IMP CONSTANTINVS PF AVG, Bust cuirassed, laureate
rev: SPQR OPTIMO PRINCIPI, Legionary eagle between two vexella
RP in exergue
RIC Rome 349a
aEF/VFwolfgang336
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ROMAN EMPIRE, Constantine I, Trier, RIC VII 303 (STR)586 viewsConstantine I AE3
obv: CONSTANTINVS AVG. Helmeted & cuirassed bust right
rev: BEATA TRANQVILLITAS VOTIS XX. Globe on altar inscribed VOT IS XX
exergue: STR
Struck 321 A.D. at Trier
RIC VII 303
Ex Langcroft Hoard
maridvnvm
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Constantine I RIC VII, Sirmium 48583 viewsConstantin I the Great, AD 307 - 337
AE - AE 3, 3.55g, 19mm
Sirmium 1. officina, 324 - 325
obv. CONSTAN - TINVS AVG
laureate head r.
rev. SARMATIA - DEVICTA
Victory advancing r., holding trophy in r. hand and
palmbranch in l. hand, spurning captive sitting on ground to r.
exergue: SIRM
RIC VII, Sirmium 48; C.487; LRBC 802
about EF, flan crack at 6 o'clockJochen
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Domitian RIC II, 127582 viewsDomitian 81 - 96
AV - Aureus, 7.38g, 18mm
Rome AD 88 - 89
obv. DOMITIANVS AVGVSTVS
head laureate r.
rev. GERMANICVS COS XIIII
Germania naked to waist, wearing breeches, sitting r. on shield, in mourning
attitude; below a broken spear
shield with scroll ornaments and central dot
RIC II, 127; C.148
good F, clipped?
GERMANICUS, after the campaign against the Chatti and the extension of the DECUMATES AGRI of Vespasian to the river Main and the Taunus mountains AD 83
Hexagonal long shield, used by the Germanic tribesJochen
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RGS, Julian the Apostate, AD 360-363580 viewsGold solidus, 22.1mm, 4.46g, EF
Struck at Antioch in Syria c. AD 362-3
FL CL IVLIA-NVS P F AVG, diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right, with long beard / VIRTVS EXERCI-TVS ROMANORVM, helmeted soldier advancing right, head left, dragging captive with right and holding trophy over shoulder; ANT A in exergue. RCOA
Ex: Freeman & Sear
RIC 197 (citing a specimen at Vienna); Cohen 79 var
Lawrence W
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000. Cast of Characters574 viewsecoli
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RIC 0002 Vespasian573 viewsAR Denarius, 3.35g
Rome Mint, 69-70 AD
Obv: IMP CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: IVDAEA in exergue; Judaea std. r., head resting on hand, to r. of trophy
RIC 2 (C2). BMC 35. RSC 226. BNC 23. Hendin 1479.
Acquired from Glenn W. Woods, October 2003.
A reverse which commemorates the Roman victory over the Jews in the Jewish war of 66-70 AD. Here is what H. Mattingly in BMCRE II stated about the reverse: 'The veil over her head, the head sunk over her hand, her whole posture express utter dejection.' The reverse effectively captures the essence of a defeated foe and remains one of the most important historical types of the Flavian dynasty. Although listed in RIC as Vespasian's first denarius type, this reverse could not have been struck much before August 70 when Jerusalem fell to Titus Caesar and Judaea was truly 'Capta'. Although a very common type, these command premium prices in trade.
A coin that has a wonderful 'soldier-like' portrait and very detailed reverse. Very well centred for the type, most of which were struck on small flans.David Atherton
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049 B.C., Mn. Acilius Glabrio. Republic AR-Denarius, Crawford 442/1b, Valetudo standing left, #1567 views049 B.C., Mn. Acilius Glabrio. Republic AR-Denarius, Crawford 442/1b, Valetudo standing left, #1
avers: Laureate head of Salus right, SALVTIS downward behind, border of dots.
reverse: Valetudo (as Salus) standing left, leaning on column and holding a snake, MN•ACILIVS III•VIR•VALETV ( MN and TV ligate ) behind and before. border of dots.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 20-21mm, weight: 3,95g, axis: 6h,
mint: Rome, date: 49 B.C., ref: Crawford 442/1b, Sydenham 922, RSC Acilia 8a,
Q-001quadrans
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ZENO the Isaurian (474-491 AD), AV solidus, Victory, ex-Eliasberg, struck after 476 AD565 viewsObverse- D N ZENO PERP AVG, diademed, helmeted and cuirassed three-quarter facing bust, holding spear over shoulder and shield decorated with horseman spearing a fallen enemy.
Reverse- VICTORI-A AVGGG, Victory standing left, holding long cross, two stars in field, CONOB in exergue.
Ex- Stack's auction of the Louis E. Eliasberg, Sr. Collection, 4/15/2005, Lot 24.
Original description: "Zeno (emperor of the East, A.D. 476-491). AV Solidus. Thessalonica, A.D. 476 or later. CHOICE VF / RIC 941. Metcalf 223. Choice VF. 4.27 grams, 20.40 mm. Obv Helmeted, cuirassed bust three-quarters facing of Zeno, holding spear and decorated shield. Rev Victory standing l., holding long cross, two stars in field. A scarcer issue. Scratched in right obverse field and holed, otherwise Choice VF. ($80-130)."
(Price realized: $310.50.)
Comments: (Thessalonica? I thought CONOB meant Constantinople?) This has long been a sentimental favorite of mine, and is likely to remain my only ancient gold for a while. The famous pedigree doesn't hurt, either, though this was probably a "junkbox" item for Eliasberg (haha). I don't mind the hole a bit, as I have a large collection of holed coins. This piece does not reside with my regular Roman collection but is the centerpiece of my trademark "Holey Gold Hat", which I wear to shows. lordmarcovan
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Alexander III The Great559 viewsAlexander III The Great Silver Tetradrachm
Macedonia
Amphipolis mint 323-315 B.C.
24mm, 16.72g, 180o
ob: Herakles draped in Nemean Lion skin
rev: Zeus seated left holding sceptre in left and eagle in right. L above bucranium, E under throne. ALEXAN∆POY
Price 432; Ehrhardt 18mihali84
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14. Celtic AR tetradrachm - GALLIERKOPF / SCHNURRBART type - 2nd-1st century (?)559 viewsobv: Apollo head (?) with a mustache right
rev: Rider left, under the horse is rosette with a central point
ref: Göbl OTA 349 (Gallierkopf/Schnurrbart), Pink 349 (Gallischer Einflus); Dessewffy 1224; Dembski 1273-1278 (Kopf mit Schnurrbart); Kostial -; LaTour 9866;
mint: unknown
9.87gms, 24mm
The obverse is one of the most beautiful and the most characteristic product of the (east) celtic coinage. The tipical gallic (or Apollo ?) head without beard and the thick pleated hair belongs to celtic coins of Noricum, and this motive probably got to the Munkács area with transmit of Boii. Maybe that's why Pink is classified in category of Western influence coins (unter Westlichem Einfluss).
Reverse rider holds a zickzack line (lightning?) in right hand, while with his left hand is based on the horse (see: LaTour 9866)
Other description of this type see my East celtic coins topic at the Classical Numismaticsberserker
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Diocletian RIC VI, Siscia 36558 viewsDiocletian 284 - 305
AR - Argenteus, 2.84g, 19mm
Siscia ca. 294/5
obv. DIOCLETI - ANVS AVG
laureate head r.
rev. VICTORIA - SARMAT
The 4 emperors Diocletian, Constantius, Maximianus and Galerius
sacrificing over tripod before archway in six-turreted enclosure
RIC VI, Siscia 36; cf. C.488
R5 (before finding of the Sisak hoard!); EF uncirculated, from Sisak hoard(1953)
Referred clearly to Galerius' Danubian activities 293/6, struck for use by
military recipients above all (RIC)
added to www.wildwinds.com
From RIC: The reverse type exemplifies the times of Diocletian with symbolic accuracy, for the Empire was in many parts reduced to walled cities and fortresses, and it was ruled by 4 men who recognized that in those desperate times their strength was derived from their conformity!
Jochen
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D ALEMIVS CAES556 viewsDvo Cameraliaantvwala
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zeugitana bronze555 views19.8mm, 4.5g, 90°
Obv: head of Tanit left
Rev: horse's head right, palm to rightareich
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AUSTRIAN NETHERLANDS552 viewsAUSTRIAN NETHERLANDS - Francis II (1792-1835) AR Kronenthaler, 1797. B=Kremnitz mint. Obv.: Head of Emperor facing right. FRANC.II.D.G.R.I.S.A.GER.HIE.HVN.BOH.REX.. Rev.: Cruciform figure, with crowns in top, right & left angles; Order of the Golden Fleece hangs at bottom angle. ARCH.AVST.DVX.BVRG.LOTH.BRAB.COM.FLAN.1797. Referenc: KM#62.2.dpaul7
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RIC 131 Titus551 viewsAR Denarius, 3.40g
Rome Mint, 80 AD
Obv: IMP TITVS CAES VESPASIAN AVG P M; Head of Titus, laureate, bearded, r.
Rev: TR P IX IMP XV COS VIII P P; Tripod with fillets; above, ravens, l. and r., and dolphin over wreath
RIC 131 (R). BMC 82. RSC 323a. BNC 66.
Acquired from Beast Coins, April 2007.
This denarius was part of a series struck for the lectisternium (religious ceremony) celebrating the opening of the Colosseum in 80 AD.
Each god had its own sacred couch, in latin they are known as 'pulvinaria', brought out in pairs, probably in the Forum. The coins in question commemorates the sacred couches which were set out with 'exuviae' (emblems) representing the gods. This example is most likely the 'pulvinar' of Apollo.
There are two different types of the Tripod reverse: The common one with just a dolphin above the Tripod, another with a wreath and ravens added. The Reka Devina hoard records 24 specimens of the more common type and only 3 of the raven/wreath variant. Cohen and the RIC do not have seperate listings for the scarce variant, the BMCRE and RSC do record it however.
Needless to say it took a bit longer for me to acquire this less common specimen, but it was worth the wait. Wonderfully centered with gunmetal toning.David Atherton
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1789/90-1865 AD - Johann Jacob Lauer - Rechenpfenning (Jeton)550 viewsMaker: Johann Jacob Lauer (1789/90-1865 AD)
Date: Early-Mid 1800's AD
Condition: Very Fine
Type: Rechenpfenning (Jeton)
Obverse: PLUS ULTRA (Going Further)
Ship with four masts.
Reverse: IOH : LAUER * RECN * PF
Johann Lauer Rechenpfenning
Five stars with a crescent moon above.
Struck in Neurenberg
Note: Slight possibility this was struck by grandson of same name later in the century.
0.47g; 13.5mm; 90°Pep
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05. Celtic AE tetradrachm - KAPOSTALER type - c.100-75/50 BC547 viewsobv: Degraded head of Zeus right
rev: Horseman left, with large crest above head; crescent to left
ref: Pink 484-495; Göbl OTA 484-495; LaTour 9807; Kostial 766-797; Dembski 1413-1427;
mint: Szalacska oppidum
8.12gms, 22mm
Description of this type see my East celtic coins topic at the Classical Numismaticsberserker
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1794 - III Grossi546 viewsGalicia & Lodomeria - Galician Poland
Obv: MONET AER EXERCIT CAES REG - Crowned double headed Russian eagle,
small shield on breast, above crossed flags.
Rev: III GROSSI POL - Value, Date above sprigs.
Size: 26mm; 9.97gms
This coin was minted in 1794 during the 2nd partition of Poland,
it seems that General Kosciusko, of Poland,(Later of the Kosciusko Bridge fame),
after assisting the Continental army during the American revolution,
went back to Poland and became a nationalist and didn't like the terms of 2nd partition.
He led a revolt of the Polish army and peasants in 1794, known as the "Kosciusko uprising",
against the Austrians, who were taking over Galicia, as per terms of the 2nd partition.
This coin was minted, by Austria, for the Austrian army,
for purchases what was still Polish Galicia. Later to become Austrian Galicia.
It was made specifically for Galicia in 1794,
the year Galicia stopped being Polish and was acquired by Austria.
To me this coin represents the beginning of Austrian Galicia
and the reason I am Austrian and not Polish.
Please advise of corrections to this brief history.
Brian L
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Nero with Polemo II-Mark Antony's great grandson546 viewsSilver drachm
BACΙΛΕΩC ΠΟΛΕΜΩΝΟC
diademed head of Polemo right
ETOYC - K (year 20)
laureate head of Nero right;
57 - 58 A.D.
3.645g
18.1mm, die axis 180o
RPC I 3832, SNG Cop 242, BMC Pontus 7 - 8, SNG von Aulock 6691
Ex-Forum
Marcus Antonius Polemon Pythodoros, also known as Polemon II of Pontos and Polemon of Cilicia is the only known direct descendant of Mark Antony who bares his name. Through his maternal grandmother he was a direct descendant of Mark Antony and his second wife Antonia Hybrida Minor. Antony and Antonia Hybrida were first paternal cousins. He was Antony’s second born great grandson. Through Antony, he was a distant cousin to Roman Client King Ptolemy of Mauretania and Drusilla of Mauretania. He was also a distant cousin to Roman Emperors Caligula, Claudius and Nero and Roman Empresses Valeria Messalina, Agrippina the Younger and Claudia Octavia.
Polemon II’s father Polemon Pythodoros King of Pontos died in 8 BC. His mother then married King Archelaus of Cappadocia, and the family moved to the court of his stepfather. In 17 AD Archelaus died and Polemon II and his mother moved back to Pontus. From 17 until 38, Polemon II assisted his mother in the administration of Pontos. When his mother died in 38, Polemon II succeeded her as the sole ruler of Pontus, Colchis and Cilicia.
Around 50 AD, Polemon II met the Judean princess Julia Berenice in Tiberias during a visit to King Agrippa I. Berenice was widowed in 48 AD when her second husband and paternal uncle Herod of Chalcis, died. She had two sons by him, Berenicianus and Hyrcanus. Berenice set the condition that Polemon II had to convert to Judaism before marriage, which included undergoing the rite of circumcision. Polemon II complied, and the marriage went ahead but it did not last long. Berenice left Pontus with her sons and returned to the court of her brother. Polemon II abandoned Judaism and, according to the legend of Bartholomew the Apostle, accepted Christianity, only to become a pagan again.
In 62, Nero compelled Polemon II to abdicate the Pontian throne. Pontos and Colchis became a Roman province. From then until his death, Polemon II only ruled Cilicia. He never remarried and had no children that are known.
Polemon's sister Antonia Tryphaena's Royal lineage goes all the way down to Nana Queen of Iberia, who died in 363 AD. Truly Antony may have lost the battle of Actium but won the war of genetics!Jay GT4
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FRANCE - Louis XVI545 viewsFRANCE - Louis XVI (1774-1792) Cu. 1 Sol, 1791, A-mintmark. Obv.: Bust of king left. LVDOV . XVI . D. GRATIA. Rev.: Crwoned shield with 3 Fleur-De-Lis. FRANCIA ET NAVARRAE REX 1791. Reference: KM-73.7.dpaul7
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012 Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), RIC I 116, Rome, AE-As, S-C, Minerva, 545 views012 Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), RIC I 116, Rome, AE-As, S-C, Minerva,
avers: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP P P, Bare head left.
reverse: No legend - Minerva advancing right, holding javelin and round shield; S C across fields.
exergue: S/C//--, diameter: 29mm, weight: 12,09g, axis:- h,
mint: Rome, date: 50-54 A.D.
ref: RIC I 116, C 84,
Q-001quadrans
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Afghanistan544 viewsKM849 - Paisa - AH1329-1334 (1914-1917)Daniel F
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Volusian, Maroneia, Dionysos, AE28539 viewsAE28, 8.8g
obv: [] VOΛΛEC [], laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right
rev: MAPONEITΩN, Dionysos standing left with bunch of grapes and Thyrsos
Photo by Rasiel Suarezareich
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Athena * Owl, Athenian AR Tetradrachm * 449-413 BC.537 views
Athena * Owl, Archaic style Athenian Silver Tetradrachm.
Obv: Head of Athena right-facing, archaic almond shaped eye, crested helmet engraved with three olive-leaves & floral scroll, wire necklace, circular earring, hair neatly drawn across forehead in parallel curves and which falls below the neck guard of the helmet in elegant, looped coils, neck truncated with row of dots.
Rev: AOE vertical in right field, Owl standing erect to the right, head facing, prong tail, feet resting on bottom line of the lower plane of the incuse, pellet in center of forehead; to left olive twig and crescent, all engraved within incuse square.
Exergue: (None)
Mint: Athens
Struck: 449-413 BC.
Size: 22.26 x 23.63 mms
Weight: 17.8 grams
Die axis: 90°
Condition: Absolutely gorgeous. Beautifully toned, bright, clear, lustrous silver with superb high-relief details both sides.
Refs:*
Sear, GC, 2526; Vol. I, pg. 236.
Tiathena
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1 Kreutzer 1812 B536 viewsTibsi
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535 viewsTacitus, 25 September 275 - 12 April 276 A.D.
Obverse:
Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right
AK K Λ TAKITOC CEB
AK: AVTOKRATOR is the equivalent of the Latin Imperator, 'emperor'.
K Λ is an abbreviation for K AV IOC, 'Claudius' transliterated into Greek.
TOK: TAKITOC= Tacitus
CEB: SEBASTOS (greek indication for augustus).
With the pellet between TOC . CEB
Reverse:
ETOVC A (year 1)
Dikaiosyne standing left holding scales in right hand and cornucopia in left. Diakaiosyne is the Greek equivalent of Aequitas ('Equity, Fair Dealing' to quote Sear).
Domination: Billon TETRAdrachm (4 drachms): size 21 mm
Mint: Alexandria, provincial.
Comment:
These Egyptian issues are not in RIC, but the old standard catalogue for these is Milne, where yours is no. 4492, with the pellet between TOC . CEB. They are also listed in the new Sear vol.III (though in not as much detail), where the nearest is 11831, which doesn't have the pellets in the obverse legend (Milne 4489). Other references : Curtis 1832, BMC 2403v ; Geissen 3115.
Peter Wissing
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CHINA - Guang Xu - Kiang Nan Province534 viewsCHINA - Emperor Zai Tian -- Guang Xu Reign (1875-1908) - Kiang Nan Province.
10 Cash, no date (c. 1904) Y-135.dpaul7
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Constantine I RIC VII, Ticinum 31530 viewsConstantine I the Great AD 307-337
AU - Solidus, 4.48g, 19mm, 0°
Ticinum, autumn AD 315
obv. CONSTANTI - NVS PF AVG
laureate bust r.
rev. RESTITVTORI LIBERTATIS
Emperor in military dress, stg. l., short sceptre on l. arm, receiving
globe from Roma, std. r. on throne, holding sceptre.
exergue: SMT
RIC VII, Ticinum 31
very rare! nearly EF
added to www.wildwinds.com
RESTITVTOR LIBERTATIS means: "He has eliminated all his competitors." (Vogt, Orbis, p.162)
This Solidus I have seldom seen. The first Solidi were struck end of AD 310 in Trier, then in Arles. Ticinum started in autumn AD 315 with the issue of these new denomination. This type therefore is one of the earliest Solidi struck in Italy for Constantine. Interesting is its size: With 19mm it is smaller than the later Solidi. And with its thickness too it reminds a bit on the older Aurei!
Jochen
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528 viewsSide image of the cabinet I constructed for my coins, showing two of the trays.
www.CabinetsByCraig.netcmcdon0923
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RIC 0016 Vespasian526 viewsAR Denarius, 3.04g
Rome Mint, January - June 70 AD
Obv: IMP CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG; Head of Vespasian, laureate, r.
Rev: CAESAR AVG F COS CAESAR AVG F PR; Bare heads of Titus on l. and Domitian on r., facing one another
RIC 16 (R). BMC 2. RSC 5. BNC 1.
Acquired from Ephesus Numismatics, November 2005.
This denarius was issued during the first year of Vespasian's reign to announce the beginning of a new dynasty. The titles of both Titus and Domitian as Caesars are proclaimed on the reverse. Titus: CAESAR AVG F COS = 'Caesar, son of the the Augustus and consul'. Domitian: CAESAR AVG F PR = 'Caesar, son of the Augustus and praetor'. After the chaos of the Civil War, Rome badly needed stability and Vespasian and his family would provide it. Along with Judaea Capta, dynastic continuity is a major theme of the early coinage.
David Atherton
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065 Maximinus I. Thrax, (235-238 A.D.), RIC IV-II 016, Rome, AR-Denarius, VICTORIA AVG, Victory advancing right, #1525 views065 Maximinus I. Thrax, (235-238 A.D.), RIC IV-II 016, Rome, AR-Denarius, VICTORIA AVG, Victory advancing right, #1
avers: IMP MAXIMINVS PIVS AVG, Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: VICTORIA AVG, Victory advancing right, holding wreath and palm.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 20mm, weight: 3,19g, axis: 6h,
mint: Rome, date: 235-236 A.D., ref: RIC IV-II 16, p-, C 99,
Q-001quadrans
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012 Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), RIC I 112var. (?), Thracian ?, AE-Sestertius, EX-S-C/P-P/OB-CIVES/SERVATOS, Rare !!!, Re-Shot !523 views012 Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), RIC I 112var. (?), Thracian ?, AE-Sestertius, EX-S-C/P-P/OB-CIVES/SERVATOS, Rare !!!, Re-Shot !
Claudius became “Father of the Country” in 50 AD, and this title was added to the coinage, at the end of the legend, with it’s abbreviation: PP. The reverse legend translates to “For Saving the Lives of Citizens.
avers: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG P M TR P IMP P P, laureate head of Claudius right
revers: No legend - Wreath, EX S C/P P/OB CIVES/SERVATOS within,
exergue:-/-//--, diameter: 34-36mm, weight: 23,63g, axis:11h,
mint:Thracian ?, date: 50-54 A.D., ref: RIC I 112, C 38,
Q-001
"RIC is in error to state that P P only appeared on Claudius' bronze coins in 50 AD. In fact Claudius became P P very early in 42 AD, and P P appeared immediately not only on his quadrantes, which are specifically dated to 42 by the title COS II, but also on his sestertii and middle bronzes.
Stylistically your coin should not be attributed to Rome, but to a Thracian mint perhaps active only towards the end of the reign. These coins, scarcer than the Rome-mint ones, are not recognized in RIC!" by Curtis Clay. Thank you "curtisclay".quadrans
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44 BC Julius Caesar Lifetime Portrait denarius522 viewsCAESAR DICT PERPETVO
laureate head of Julius Caesar right
L BVCA
Venus seated right holding Victory on extended right hand, transverse scepter in left
Struck Feb - Mar 14th, 44 BC.
3.58g
RCV 1410, RSC 24.
Venus seated' only appears on this one type of Caesar's 'lifetime' issues, on the remainder she is standing.
Lucius Aemilius Buca was a distant relative of the dictator Sulla. This coin was struck within a month of Caesar's murder.
Ex-Incitatus, Ex-CNG Electronic Auction 223, lot 393Jay GT4
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06. Celtic AE tetradrachm - KAPOSTALER type - c.100-75/50 BC515 viewsobv: Degraded head of Zeus right
rev: Horseman left, with large crest above head; crescent to left
ref: Pink 484-495; Göbl OTA 484-495; LaTour 9807; Kostial 766-797; Dembski 1413-1427;
mint: Szalacska oppidum
8.35gms, 21mm
Description of this type see my East celtic coins topic at the Classical Numismaticsberserker
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English grenadier of the 18th "Royal Irish" regiment of Foot, 1751512 viewsThe 18th was first raised in 1684, from independent garrison companies in Ireland, under the Earl of Granard and was known as Granard's Regiment of Foot. Granard's Regiment was placed on the English Establishment in 1689. The regiment saw action under King William III at the battle of the Boyne, and all throughout the Irish campaigns, including the fall of Limerick. Serving with the fleet as marines, the regiment received its first battle honor at Flanders, during the assault on the Castle of Namur on August 20, 1695. Having won the admiration of both King and Country, the regiment was designated the Royal Regiment of Ireland. During the War of Spanish Succession (1701-1714), the Royal Regiment of Ireland served with distinction at Schellenburg and Blenheim in 1704, Ramilies in 1706, Oudenarde and Lisle in 1708, Malplaquet and Tournay in 1709 and at Bouchain in 1711. In 1747, the regiment was ranked as the 18th Foot and became the 18th Regiment of Foot, or Royal Irish, in July of 1751. The regiment was disbanded after action around the globe in July 1922. (Source: fifedrum.org)
Scale of this model: 75mm (1/24)
RomaVictor
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