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Image search results - "silver"

GALLIC EMPIRE -- MARIUS
IMP C M AVR MARIVS AVG Draped, cuirassed and radiated bust right
VICTO - Ri - A AV - G Victoria walking right
with full silvering

gb29400
2 commentsgb29400

Philip I - Billon tetradrachm - Year 1 (244)
Ob. A K M IOV ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟC EV CEB; laureate and cuirassed bust right
Rev.: L A; Dikaiosyne stg. left, with cornucopiae and scales
Gs. 12,2 mm. 22,1. Totally silveredMaxentius

NVMERIANVS - Silvered AE Antoninianus - Lugdunum mint, 283/284 AD
Obv.: IMP C NVMERIANVS AVG, radiate cuirassed bust right
Rev.: PAX AVGG, Pax standing left holding branch & scepter, B to left.
Gs. 5,1 mm. 22,8
Cohen 43, RIC 393

Maxentius

GALERIVS - Silvered AE Follis - 297-298 AD. - Heraclea mint
Obv.: GAL VAL MAXIMIANVS NOB CAES, laureate head right
Rev.: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera & cornucopia, HTΓ in ex.
Gs. 10,5 mm. 27,5
Cohen 78, RIC 20bMaxentius

It is a copper lion of Mary Queen of Scots.
It is also known as a "hardhead", they were issued
1555-1560. It contains about 10% silver. they
were valued at three halfpence Scots, and were
equal in value to the french denier. The coin carries
the monogram FM, which appeared on her coinage
after her husband, the Dauphin, became Francis II
of France, on 10th July 1559. Francis died in 1560,
so this was issued within that period. Coin #633

cars100

Silver tetradrachm, Prieur 720 (1 example), SNG Paris 2331, Weber -, VF, 13.043g, 26.9mm, 180o, Aegeae mint, 132 - 133 A.D.; obverse AUTOKR KAIS TRAIA ADRIANO SEB P P, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right; reverse ETOUS •QOR• AIGEAIWN, eagle standing facing on harpe, wings spread, head turned right, goat in ex; rare;

Aegeae issued tetradrachms only during the reigns of Hadrian and Caracalla. The issues were probably related to visits of these emperors to the town or to its famous sanctuary of Asclepius. -- The Syro-Phoenician Tetradrachms and Their Fractions from 57 BC to AD 253 by Michel and Karin Prieur

ex FORVM
dealer's picture1 commentsareich

Some English hammered silver, displayed in my cabinet.

www.CabinetsByCraig.net1 commentscmcdon0923

lordmarcovan

Aurelianus Antoninianus, RESTITVT ORBIS reverse
Aurelianus (270-275 AD). AE silvered Antoninianus (22-23 mm, 3.77 g), Serdica (Sofia), 274-275 AD.
Obv. IMP AVRELIANVS P AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right.
Rev. RESTITVT ORBIS, woman (Victory?) standing right, presenting wreath to emperor standing left, holding sceptre.
Ex. KAA.
RIC V, 1, p. 298, 298.Antonivs Protti

Faustina II. Silver Denarius (3.27 g), Augusta, AD 147-175. Rome, under Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, AD 161-164/5. FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, draped bust of Faustina II right, with single circle of pearls around head. Reverse: IVNONI REGINAE, Juno standing facing, head left, holding patera and scepter. RIC -; BMC -; RSC -. Unpublished in the standard references without the peacock. Normally a peacock is shown standing at the feet of Juno on the reverse. On this coin, the bird is missing.Quant.Geek

AE 3, 16mm/2.95gm, fully silvered, struck c. 318 AD

Obv/ DN VAL LICIN LICINIVS NOB C; laur. and dr. bust r., holding in globe and sceptre in l. hand and mappa in r. hand.
Rev/ PROVIDENTIAE CAESS; Campgate, three towers, lamda in r. field.; SMH gamma in exergue.
Ref/ RIC VOL VII, 49Mayadigger

1 commentsAntonivs Protti

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Ilkhanids. Gaykhatu (AH 690-694 / AD 1291-1295) silver Dirham AH 691 (AD 1291/2) XF, mint off flan, 2.31g, A-2159.1. Quant.Geek

Roman Empire, Severus Alexander 222-235, Silver Denarius
Ancient Coins - Roman Empire, Severus Alexander 222-235, Silver Denarius zoom view
3.08g
Laureate head of Severus Alexander right "IMP ALEXANDER PIVS AVG"
Providentia standing, head left, holding a cornucopiae and corn ears over a modius. "PROVIDENTIA AVG"
RSC 501paul1888

Otacilia Severa, Augusta, February or March 244 - September or October 249 A.D.
|Otacilia| |Severa|, |Otacilia| |Severa,| |Augusta,| |February| |or| |March| |244| |-| |September| |or| |October| |249| |A.D.|, From the issue celebrating the 1000th anniversary of the founding of Rome. Celebrations included display of many exotic animals including, it seems, a hippopotamus.
RS76152. Silver antoninianus, RIC IV P116b, RSC IV 63, Hunter III 10, SRCV III 9160, Choice EF, near perfect centering and strike, much luster, excellent portrait, 4th officina, Rome mint, weight 4.040g, maximum diameter 22.6mm, die axis 180o, 248 A.D.; obverse OTACIL SEVERA AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, hair in horizontal ridges, plait up the back of head, crescent behind shoulders; reverse SAECVLARES AVGG (Secular games [provided by] the Emperors), hippopotamus standing right, IIII (4th officina) in exergue; Ex Forum Ancient Coinspaul1888

RHODOS - AR Drachm - Magistrat EPMIAΣ CARIAN ISLANDS.
Pseudo-Rhodian (c.175-170 B.C.),
Silver Drachm, Imitation issue minted in Thessaly.
2.48 g / 14 x 15 mm

Head of Helios facing, slightly inclined to right.
R/ EPMIAΣ , rose, with a bud on right, Z-Ω either side of stem

(SNG Keckman 793-795 (att ributed to Thessaly); Price, Kra ay-Mørkholm Essays, pp. 241-2 (attributed to Northern Greece); SNG Copenhagen Su ppl. 358 (attributed to Rhodian Peraia)).

Lightly toned, good extremely fine. Great head facing

Although the attribution of this issue has been debated, it seems likely that it was struck by Perseus to pay Cretan mercenaries, who would have been familiar with Rhodian issues, in the Third Macedonian War against the Romans (see R. Ashton, NC 1988, pp. 29-30)
paul1888

Caracalla, RIC 311d, Date 213-217 AD, Silver Antoninianus Rome, VENVS VICTRIX (with Helmet)
Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Caracalla
Antoninianus of the Roman Imperial Period 213/217 AD
Material: Silver
Diameter: 23mm
Weight: 5.19g
Mint: Rome
Reference: RIC IV Caracalla 311d var. (Rare, with Helmet)
Provenance: Ex Dr. Gernot Heinrich Collection

This ist the RIC 311d Version with Helmet under the shield. An fantastic Antoninianus with many details on obverse and reverse, fantastic Caracalla bust and a clear reverse Venus. Rare RIC, and more Rare in this condition.

Obverse:
You can see the right-facing bust of Caracalla with a radiant crown. The inscription reads: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG GERM for Antoninus Pius Augustus Germanicus.

Reverse:
The goddess Venus can be seen standing to the left, leaning on a shield. In her left hand she holds a Victoriola, in her right hand a spear. Standing, she leans on her shield and helmet. The inscription reads: VENVS VICTRIX for Venus Victrix (the victorious Venus).

Comments:
In ancient Rome, Venus Victrix is the form of the goddess Venus as victor or „as the one who brings victory“. Especially Pompeius Magnus celebrated his military successes in their honor. This was probably inspired by the armed Aphrodite (nikephoros carrying victory) who protected the Acropolis in certain eastern regions of ancient Greece. In Rome, the victorious Venus was mainly in the third century BC increasingly invoked in the wars against Carthage. Iulius Caesar traced the descent of his family and thus his own from Venus (Venus Genitrix). Pompey, as his adversary, identified his glorious destiny with Venus Victrix in order to claim Venus‘ protection in the secret rivalry. After his victory in the war against Mithridates in 55 BC Pompeius celebrated his triumph „de orbi universo“ (over the whole world) and had a temple built for the victorious Venus, which unfortunately has not been preserved. The sanctuary of Venus Victrix stood on the Capitol, which was probably built during the war against the Samnites. Her feast days were August 12 and October 9, with an annual sacrifice being made on the latter date. At the same time, homage was also paid to Victoria, who closely connected the Romans with Venus Victrix.

Associating this type of coin directly with a specific historical event in the reign of Caracalla is difficult. This Antoninianus is between 213 and 217 AD dated. He could therefore retrospectively refer to the victories in the Germania campaign in 213 AD relate to the battles in Dacia against the Carps in 214 AD refer to or anticipate „the-victorious“ Venus Victrix to refer to the coming eastern campaign against the Parthians.1 commentspaul1888

Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius
Denarius of the Roman Republic Period 81 BC
Material: Silver
Diameter: 20mm
Weight: 3.84g
Mint: North Italy
Reference: Crawford RRC 374/2paul1888

Roman Republic - P. Satrienus. Silver denarius (3,82 g., 18 mm.) Minted in Rome in 77 B.C.

Helmeted head right of young Mars, numeral behind (XXXII). /

ROMA She-wolf walking left. P•SATRIE/NVS in exergue.

Sear 319; Satriena 1; Cr. 388/1b.paul1888

Vespasian, 1 July 69 - 24 June 79 A.D.

SH110254. Silver denarius, RIC II-1 1431; RSC II 276; RPC II 833; BnF III 351; BMCRE II 457, SRCV I 2270, Choice EF, well centered, excellent portrait, light toning, slight double strike, 3.326g, 18.3mm, 180o, Ephesus mint, IMP CAESAR VESPAS AVG COS III TR P P P, laureate head right; reverse PACI AVGVSTAE, Victory advancing right, wreath in extended right hand, palm frond over left shoulder in left hand, EPHE (PHE ligate) lower right; ex Inasta (San Marino) auction 100 (24 Jun 2022), lot 212 Ex: Forum Ancient Coins.

Ephesus peaked during the 1st and 2nd century A.D. when it was second in importance and size only to Rome, with a population estimated at 400,000 to 500,000 in 100 A.D. The city was famous for the Temple of Artemis, the Library of Celsus, and its theater, seating 25,000 spectators. Ephesus also had several large bath complexes and one of the most advanced aqueduct systems in the ancient world. Water powered numerous mills, one of which has been identified as a sawmill for marble. The city and temple were destroyed by the Goths in 263 A.D., marking the decline of the city's splendor.1 commentspaul1888

Metapontum, Lucania, c. 340 - 330 B.C.
|Italy|, |Metapontum,| |Lucania,| |c.| |340| |-| |330| |B.C.|, NEWLeukippos (or Leucippus) was a son of king Oinomaos of Pisa. He fell in love with the nymph Daphne and disguised himself as a girl to join her company. When she discovered his true identity in the bath, he was slain by the nymphs. Based on this portrait, his plan was doomed from the start.

Another Leukippos, unrelated to the coin, was a philosopher in the first half of 5th century B.C. This Leukippos was the first Greek to develop the theory of atomism; the idea that everything is composed entirely of various imperishable, indivisible elements called atoms. His theory was elaborated in far greater detail by his pupil and successor, Democritus. Leukippos was born in Miletus or Abdera.
GS110591. Silver nomos, Johnson-Noe B3.15 (same dies); SNG Fitzwilliam 497 (same); Historia Numorum Italy 1576; SNG ANS 443, VF, fine style, toned, areas weakly struck, irregularly shaped flan, Metapontion (Metaponto, Italy) mint, weight 7.812g, maximum diameter 22.5mm, die axis 315o, c. 340 - 330 B.C.; obverse ΛEYKIΠΠOΣ (clockwise from above), head of Leucippus right, bearded, wearing Corinthian helmet with a plain bowl, dog (control symbol) seated left behind; reverse barley ear, stalk and leaf on right, bird with open wings on leaf, META upward on left, AMI below leaf; from the CEB Collection, Ex: Numismatic Fine Arts, Inc, Summer Bid Sale, June 27, 1986, lot 45.paul1888

SATRAPS OF CARIA. Pixodaros, circa 341/0-336/5 BC. Didrachm (Silver, 19 mm, 6.93 g, 12 h), Halikarnassos. Laureate head of Apollo facing slightly to right with drapery below. Rev. ΠIΞΩΔAΡOΥ Zeus Labraundos standing right, holding long scepter in his left hand and double-axe in his right. SNG Copenhagen 596-7. SNG von Aulock 2375-6. Pixodarus Hoard, CH IX, pl. 35, 44a (this coin);
ex Bourgey, 14 May 1914, 87 (pictured); ex Kurpfälzische Münzhandlung, Auction 21, 1981, 80; ex NFA, Auction 9, 1980, 268; ex Leu, Web Auction 12, 2020, 4432 commentspaul1888

Persian Empire, Lydia, Anatolia, Xerxes I - Darius II, c. 485 - 420 B.C. Silver siglos, Carradice Type IIIa variety without pellets, Carradice NC 1998, pl. 8, 5 - 16; or underweight Carradice IIIb, Choice gVF, attractive surfaces, flow lines, bankers mark on edge, Sardes (Sart, Turkey) mint, weight 5.403g, maximum diameter 14.8mm, c. 485 - 420 B.C.; obverse kneeling-running figure of the Great King right, transverse spear downward in right hand, bow in extended left hand, bearded, crowned; reverse irregular rectangular punch; from the CEB Collection; ex Numismatic Fine Arts winter sale (Dec 1987), lot 371
Ex: Forum Ancient Coins.
Persian Lydia, Persian Empire, Lydia, Anatolia, Xerxes I - Darius II, c. 485 - 420 B.C., Carradice Type III was initially issued with the same weight standard as earlier sigloi, Type IIIa, c. 5.30 - 5.39 g. Carradice NC 1998 lists 12 examples of sigloi in the Type IIIa style but without pellets behind the beard. There may have been two mints, one issuing with the two pellets and one without. Or possibly all light weight examples without pellets are simply underweight examples of the Type IIIb, issued after c. 485 B.C. on a heavier standard, c. 5.55 - 5.60 g.1 commentspaul1888

Ancient Greek
LUCANIA
Metapontion, struck circa 340-330 BC
Female head right / Seven-grain barley ear; ΜΕΤΑ upward to left
7.60 g, 20 mm, silver
References: HGC I, 1052, HN Italy 1538; Numismatic Notes and Monographs #47, The Coinage of Metapontum, 1931, Sydney P. Noe 509c (this coin); ex-Lloyd, Helbing 55:lot 3364 (pictured) 11/08/1928; ex-Woodward, Ars Classica XV: lot 174 (pictured) 07/02/1930; ex CNG Trition IV, Part 1, lot 47, 12/5/2000 1 commentspaul1888

Marcus Aurelius. Silver Denarius (3.62 g), as Caesar, AD 138-161. Rome, under Antoninus Pius, AD 148/9. AVRELIVS CA-ESAR AVG PII F, bare head of Marcus Aurelius right. Reverse: TR POT III COS II, Minerva standing right, holding inverted spear and grounded shield. RIC 444; BMC 683; RSC 618. Lightly toned.
From The Herbert & Aphrodite Rubin Collection; Ex Seaby Coin and Medal Bulletin, October 1975, Lot A-805.paul1888

Hadrian, 11 August 117 - 10 July 138 A.D. Silver denarius, RIC II-3 308, RSC II 908, BMCRE III 291, RSC II 908, Hunter II 102, SRCV II 3504, VF, radiating flow lines, iridescent toning, Rome mint, weight 3.031g, maximum diameter 17.0mm, die axis 225o, 119 - 125 A.D.; obverse IMP CAESAR TRAIAN - HADRIANVS AVG, laureate head right; reverse P M TR P COS III, Hadrian seated left on camp stool on platform, togate, extending right hand offering money, citizen before him holding out fold of toga to receive largesse, LIBERAL AVG / III in two lines in exergue; Ex: Forum 2 commentspaul1888

Philip I (AD 244-249). Silver antoninianus (4.11 gm). Ca. mid-247-248. IMP PHILIPPVS AVG, radiate, draped, cuirassed bust right / SAECVLARES AVGG, stag standing right, U in exergue. RIC 19. RSC 182. RCV 8958. Toned. Good very fine
Ex Freeman & Sear Mail Bid Sale 7, 22 Feb. 2002, lot 787 (lot of 5). Ex: Numismatic Fine Arts, Fall Mail Bid Sale, October 18, 1990, The Alexander Struthers and Tommy Ward Collection, lot 1703paul1888

Sicily, Syracuse, Agathocles (317-289 BC), Silver Tetradrachm, struck c.310-305 BC.
Obv/ Head of nymph Arethusa facing left, her hair wreathed with grain, wearing a triple-pendant earring and a pearl necklace, three dolphins swimming around, NK below neck.
Rev/ ΣYPAKOΣIΩN (in exergue); charioteer, wearing a long chiton and holding a kentron (goad) in his right hand and the reins on his left, driving a fast quadriga left, triskeles above, AI monogram in exergue off flan.2 commentspaul1888

Chersonesos, Thrace, c. 386 - 338 B.C. Silver hemidrachm, Weber 2422; BMC Thrace p. 185, 43; McClean II 4071; HGC 3.2, 1437; SNG Cop -, Choice gVF, attractive neat style, toned, Cherronesos (Gallipoli peninsula) mint, weight 2.323g, maximum diameter 14.1mm, c. 386 - 338 B.C.; obverse lion forepart right, head turned back left, tongue protruding; reverse quadripartite incuse with alternating shallow and deeper sunken quarters, pellet and VE ligature in one sunken quarter (pellet mostly off flan), pellet and five-point star (pentagram) in the opposite sunken quarter. Coin & photography ex Forum Ancient Coins.

This example is unusually well centered on the obverse, which motivated me to purchase it. Overall I believe it is an attractive coin. 3 commentspaul1888

Caracalla, 28 January 198 - 8 April 217 A.D. Silver denarius, RIC IV 120 (S); RSC III 3; BMCRE V p. 205, 267; SRCV II 6790; Hunter III -, Choice gVF, well centered, flow lines, edge splits and cracks, Rome mint, weight 3.280g, maximum diameter 18.9mm, die axis 180o, 201 - 202 A.D.; obverse ANTONINVS PIVS AVG, boy's laureate and draped bust right; reverse ADVENT AVGG, war galley left on waves, ram, acrostolium and vexillum at the bow, four oarsmen and a steersman, Septimius Severus, Caracalla and Geta seated in the steersman's cabin, two standards and apluster at the stern
Ex: Forum Ancient Coinspaul1888

JUSTINIAN I, AR Anonymous Half-Siliqua, struck c.530 at ConstantinopleObverse: No legend. Helmeted and draped bust of Constantinopolis facing right.
Reverse: Large K (Kappa) within pelleted circle.
Diameter: 15mm | Weight: 0.7gms | Die Axis: 12
Bendall, Anonymous, 8c. | Vagi 3051
Not in SBCV or DOC

The issue of this particular coin has been tentatively dated, based on style, to around 530 and struck in connection with the bicentennial of the founding of Constantinople.
According to the late Simon Bendall, type 8c is the commonest of all the anonymous types, the majority being quite crude, very light and obviously of sixth century date.
These issues are a copy of a type issued by Constantine I for the foundation of Constantinople in 330, but with the bust of Constantinopolis facing right rather than facing left as it did on Constantine's coin. There seems little doubt that the type was originally resuscitated by Justinian I on the anniversary of the 330 issue, presumably c.530. However, as the overall type is commoner than any sixth century silver coin bearing an imperial portrait, and is of varying degenerative styles and weights (the smallest specimens being the crudest) it would appear that some numbers of them must have continued to have been struck after 530, perhaps even as much as 50 or so years after. A number of theories have been put forward regarding the dating of these but, due to the scant archaeological, epigraphical and hoard evidence presently available, the exact date or dates of issue of individual coins of this type has so far proved to be inconclusive.
6 comments*Alex

2nd - 1st Century BC, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Cantii, AE Potin, Minted between 100 and 30 BCObverse: No legend. Crude outline of head facing right; pellet within circle in centre.
Reverse: No legend. Crude lines representing a bull facing left, crescents above.
Flat Linear type, Class 1
Found, Thames Valley region, England
Diameter: 17mm | Weight: 1.9gms | Axis: 3h
BMC: 667-714 | SPINK: 63

The Cantii produced the first coins to be actually made in Britain.
These coins were cast in strips which were then cut into separate coins and as a result often retain characteristic cut edges from the runlets which joined them together.

THE CANTII (or Cantiaci)
The Cantii (after whom Kent and Canterbury are named) were the major tribal group in the South East region of England, bordered by the Atrebates, Regni and Catuvellauni.
This region was heavily influenced by continental cultures on the periphery of the early Roman world and this resulted in the Cantii producing the first coins actually made in Britain. These are known as “potins” and they were produced between the mid 2nd to the mid 1st century BC. The earliest versions are known as Kentish Primary, or Thurrock, types. Comparatively the later types, like those from the recently discovered Hillingdon Hoard, are of the “flat linear” type, which uses simplified and abstracted images. Similar coins from the late Iron Age have been found, but in much smaller quantities.
The word “potin” is of French origin and is used to describe these early coins which were cast in clay moulds from a copper alloy with a high tin content. They would have been shiny and silver-coloured when new, and though occasionally examples have turned up which retain this colouration, most coins by the time they get dug up have a characteristic black patina from tin oxidation. These were cast in strips which were then cut into separate coins and as a result often retain characteristic cut edges from the runlets which joined them together. The moulds themselves were made using “master” matrices of copper alloy which were cast with the design for one side of a coin in high relief and pressed into the clay. A rare example of a mould of this type was found a few miles west of the Surrey border in Hampshire.
The designs of the majority of potins found in England derive ultimately from coins produced in the Greek colonial Mediterranean city of Massalia (modern Marseilles) in southern Gaul in the late 4th century BC. These coins featured a head of Apollo on the obverse and a charging bull on the reverse. They were originally imported from the continent and later locally copied in the mid 2nd century BC, in the form of what are known as “Thurrock” types, which adhere closely to the original design. Later forms, known as “flat linear” types, greatly simplified this design into deep abstraction, ultimately reducing the head of Apollo to an outline and the bull to a trapezoidal arrangement of lines
We don’t know what these coins were called by the people who made them, or what they were worth in fiscal terms, but they are generally only found in south east England, which probably reflects the limits of the political and economic influence of the Cantii themselves. It isn't even clear what the role of these Iron Age coins actually was, though it is likely that they assisted in the maintenance of some kind of social power structure. Coins were not generally used as day to day currency by the people of Britain in the 1st and 2nd centuries BC, so apart from any monetary transactions, their range of uses probably included the storage of wealth, use as political tribute, and / or votive objects used as offerings to the gods.

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4 comments*Alex

1st Century CE, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribes: Catuvellauni and Trinovantes, AE Unit, Struck c.10 - 40 at Verlamion under CunobelinusObverse: CVNO - BELIN. Bare head facing left.
Reverse: TASCIO. Metal worker, wielding hammer, seated facing right.
Diameter: 15mm | Weight: 2.24gms | Axis: 3h
Spink: 342 | ABC: 2969 | Van Arsdell 2097

CUNOBELINUS
Cunobelinus was a king in Iron Age Britain from about 9 CE until about 40 CE. He is mentioned by the Roman historians Suetonius and Dio Cassius, and many coins bearing his inscription have been found. Cunobelinus controlled a substantial portion of south-eastern Britain, including the territories of the Catuvellauni and the Trinovantes, and is called “Britannorum rex" (King of the Britons) by Suetonius. He appears to have been recognized by the Roman emperor Augustus as a client king, shown by the use of the Latin title Rex on some of his coins.
Numismatic evidence appears to indicate that Cunobelinus took power around AD 9 after the death of his father Tasciovanus, minting coins from both Camulodunum, capital of the Trinovantes and Verlamion (Roman Verulamium), capital of the Catuvellauni. Some of the Verulamium coins name him as the son of Tasciovanus, a previous king of the Catuvellauni. Cunobelinus' earliest issues are, however, from Camulodunum, indicating that he took power there first, and some have a palm or laurel wreath design, a motif borrowed from the Romans indicating a military victory. It is possible that he was emboldened to act against the Trinovantes, whose independence was protected by a treaty they made with Julius Caesar in 54 BC, because problems in Germania severely affected Augustus' ability to defend allies in Britain.
Cunobelinus, however, appears to have maintained quite good relations with the Roman Empire, he used classical motifs on his coins and his reign also saw an increase in trade with the continent. Archaeological evidence shows an increase in imported luxury goods, including wine and drinking vessels from Italy, olive oil and “garum” (fish sauce) from Spain, as well as glassware, jewellery, and tableware from the wider continent, all of which, from their distribution, appear to have entered Britain via the port of Camulodunum. Rome's lucrative trade with Britain was also reported by Strabo, according to him the island's exports included grain, gold, silver, iron, hides, slaves and hunting dogs. It seems likely that Cunobelinus was one of the British kings, mentioned by Strabo, who sent embassies to Augustus.
Cunobelinus died about 40, probably within a year of that date, as he was certainly dead by 43.
Traditionally it has been suggested that the “Lexden Tumulus” on the outskirts of Colchester was Cunobelinus' tomb, but without evidence confirming that, it is also possible that the tomb was built for the earlier Trinovantian king, Addedomarus. Interestingly there is a second tumulus, though this one is not so well known, 665m to the northwest of the Lexden burial mound, on a grassy area in the middle of a modern housing estate. This tumulus, known as ‘The Mount’, probably dates from around the same time as the well-known one at Fitzwalter Road, Lexden.

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1 comments*Alex

1st Century CE, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Iceni, AR Unit, Struck c.60 - 61 under Boudica (Boadicea)Obverse: No legend. Abstract Celtic style head with slit for eye and no ear facing right. Three pellets below head, branch emblem behind neck.
Reverse: No legend. Celtic style horse facing right, lozenge-shaped box with pellets on outer corners below horse. Section of large elaborate wheel-like object above horse, pellet below horse's tail.
Class: Icenian O
Diameter: 14mm | Weight: 0.9gms | Axis: 10
Spink: 434

The first known recorded example of this coin was made by William Stukely, an English antiquarian whose ideas influenced various antiquaries throughout the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Stukeley published over twenty books on archaeology and other subjects during his lifetime and he is regarded as an important forerunner of archaeology for his emphasis on methodically measuring and documenting ancient sites. He died of a stroke in early 1765.
The theory that this coinage was connected with Boudica was originally reported in 1987 and this was endorsed by R D Van Arsdell, an authority on the Celtic coinage of Britain, as Boudican in the 1990's. At the time though this was disputed by many in the numismatic community, some of whom continued to rely on older studies that lumped all "Face-Horse" coins together in a group dating before 20 CE.
However, John Talbot of the University of Oxford carried out research on these issues and, as his die-link and hoard work gradually progressed through the 1990's into the early twenty-first century, these coins were confirmed to be the final coinage of the Iceni. As Talbot's findings were only gradually revealed over a period of time, the accepted dating used in some dealer catalogues did not always keep up with the latest information. During his studies, Talbot discovered that coins from several die sets are only found in the Boudican Rebellion hoards. He also confirmed that these coins were struck in abnormally great numbers for any Icenian issue. But, because he was not certain that this was enough evidence to date the coins to 61 CE. he suggested only that they could have been struck any time after the Claudian Invasion of 43 CE.
Considering though that some die sets are known only from the Boudican Rebellion hoards, that it is still the case that these coins appear in uncirculated condition in the hoards, and that to date none of these coins have been found from secure contexts earlier than the time of the Boudican rebellion, it would appear that the 1987 report was essentially correct and these coins must have been struck nearer to the date of the Boudican Rebellion than earlier, possibly in connection with the financing of that rebellion. The conclusion now is that these coins can, with some confidence, be attributed to Boudica.

THE ICENI
The Iceni were a tribe located in eastern Britain during the Iron Age and the early Roman era. Their territory was bordered by the Corieltauvi to the west, and the Catuvellauni and Trinovantes to the south. In the Roman period, their capital was Venta Icenorum at modern-day Caistor St Edmund.
Julius Caesar did not mention the Iceni in his account of his invasions of Britain in 55 and 54 BC, though they may have been related to the Cenimagni, whom Caesar notes as living north of the River Thames at that time. The Iceni were a significant power in eastern Britain during Claudius I's conquest of Britain in AD 43, in which they allied with Rome. Increasing Roman influence on their affairs led to a revolt in AD 47, though they remained nominally independent under king Prasutagus up until his death around AD 60. Roman encroachment after Prasutagus' death led his wife Boudica to launch a major revolt from 60–61. Boudica's uprising seriously endangered Roman rule in Britain and resulted in the burning of Londinium and other cities. The Romans finally crushed the rebellion, and the Iceni were eventually incorporated into the Roman province.
Archaeological evidence of the Iceni includes torcs, which are heavy rings of gold, silver or electrum worn around the neck and shoulders. The Iceni began producing coins around 10 BC. Their coins were a distinctive adaptation of the Gallo-Belgic "face/horse" design, and in some early issues, most numerous near Norwich, the horse was replaced with a boar. Some coins are inscribed ECENI, making them the only coin-producing group to use their tribal name on coins. The earliest personal name to appear on coins is Antedios (about 10 BC), and other abbreviated names like AESU and SAEMU followed. The name of Prasutagus also appears on some coins as PRASTO.

QUEEN BOUDICA
Queen Boudica was married to Prasutagus, ruler of the Iceni people of East Anglia. When the Romans conquered southern England in AD 43, they allowed Prasutagus to continue to rule. However, when Prasutagus died he left a will dividing his lands between the Roman emperor and his family. The Romans decided to rule the Iceni directly and confiscated all the king's property. When this was contested they are said to have stripped and flogged Boudica and raped her daughters. These actions exacerbated the widespread resentment at Roman rule.
In 60 or 61 AD, while the Roman governor Gaius Suetonius Paullinus was leading a campaign in North Wales, the Iceni rebelled, other tribes joined them, and Boudica led a major uprising against the occupying Roman forces.
Boudica's warriors defeated the Roman Ninth Legion and destroyed the then capital of Roman Britain, Camulodunum (Colchester). They then went on to destroy Londinium (London) and Verulamium (St Albans) killing thousands in the process. Finally, Boudica was defeated by a Roman army led by Paulinus. A great number of her army were killed and, though Boudica's fate is unknown, she is alleged to have either died in battle or poisoned herself to avoid capture. The site of the battle which brought an end to her uprising is also unknown.
The photograph below is of the Victorian statue of Boudica (Boadicea) situated on the Thames embankment in London.

CLICK ON THE IMAGES BELOW TO ENLARGE THEM

3 comments*Alex

6.75 Revolt of VindexRevolt Against Nero, Gaius Iulius Vindex, Governor of Gallia Lugdunensis, c. Late 67 - May 68 A.D.

Struck by Gaius Iulius Vindex, the Roman governor of Gallia Lugdunensis, who rebelled against Nero's tax policy and declared allegiance to Galba, the governor of Hispania Tarraconensis, as the new emperor. Vindex was defeated and killed in battle near Vesontio (modern Besançon), but the military continued to support Galba. On 9 June 68, deserted by the Praetorian Guard, Nero stabbed himself in the throat.

Silver denarius, Unpublished, civil war restitution of Augustus, gF, porosity, marks, uncertain (Lugdunum?) mint, weight 3.167g, maximum diameter 19.0mm, die axis 180o, c. late 67 - May 68 A.D.; obverse CAESAR, bare head of Augustus right; reverse AVGVSTVS, young bull walking right, head turned facing; ex Roma Numismatics e-auction 6, lot 321; only two examples known to Forum

Purchased from FORVM2 commentsSosius

Alexander the Great, 336 - 323 BC. AE Tetartemorion (Dichalkon / Quarter Obol). Lifetime issue struck 336 - 323 BC at Amphipolis, Macedonia Obverse: No legend. Head of Herakles, wearing lion skin headdress, facing right.
Reverse: AΛEΞANΔPOY. Eagle facing right, it's head turned to left, standing on a thunderbolt; mint-mark, A in right field before the eagle's breast.
Diameter: 15mm | Weight: 3.9gms | Die Axis: 6
Sear: 6743 | Weber: 2142 | Liampi: 6-8 | Price: 0159
RARE

This coin is a Type 3 (eagle type) bronze Quarter-Obol (two chalkoi). Alexander's Eagle bronzes are part of his Eagle coinage that also includes various silver denominations, including a stater, drachm, hemidrachm, diobol, and obol. Alexander's Eagle coins are much rarer than his issues of Herakles and Zeus imperial silver coins and his Herakles and weapons bronze coins.
*Alex

Constantius II RIC VIII 84 NicomediaSilvered AE 22
Obverse: DN CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG: pearl diademed, draped bust right.
Reverse: FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier spearing a fallen horseman who is bearded, wears cap, reaching backwards.
Dot SMNA gamma ex. Gamma in left field.
RIC VIII 84 Nicomedia. 21.81 mm., 4.8 g.
sold 4-2018NORMAN K

Geta, silver Denarius.198 - 209 CE as Caesar. Laodiciea ad Mare, Syria. Geta Denarius. Laodicea mint, 199 CE
Obverse; P SEPTIMIVS GETA CAES, draped bust right
Reverse; MINERV SANCT, Minerva standing left leaning on a shield & holding reversed spear.
19.1mm, 3.1 g
RSC 83. Geta Denarius, RIC 105a, RSC 83, BMC 750NORMAN K

Licinius I, AE follis. RIC 9a Cyzicus. Silvered Follis
Obverse: IMP LICINIVS AVG, laureate, draped, wearing royal mantle, bust left, holding globe, sceptre and map.
Reverse: IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG, Jupiter standing left, holding Victory on globe and sceptre.
Wreath in left field, A in right field.
Mintmark dot SMK., 18.3 mm., 2.7 g.

RIC VII Cyzicus 9aNORMAN K

Philip I. RIC 28c RomeSilver Antoninian of Philippus I, 244-249 CE
Obverse: IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG - Radiate bust right, draped and cuirassed
Reverse: ANNONA AVGG, Annona standing left, holding corn-ears over
a modius left and cornucopiae.
Rome mint: 246 CE (5th Issue, 5th Officina) = RIC IViii, 28c, page 71 - Cohen 25
21.3 mm., 3.9 g.
sold 4-2018NORMAN K

Silver drachm of King Kumaragupta I (414 - 455 AD), Gupta EmpireBust of king, right / Formalized Garuda standing facing with spread wings. In Brahmi:'Parama-bhagavata rajahiraja Sri Kumaragupta Mahendraditya'. 14 mm, 2.2 grams. Mitchiner ACW 4845 - 4854.Antonivs Protti

Tacitus Silvered Antoninianus RIC V 82Tacitus Silvered Antoninianus 275-276 CE.
Obverse: IMP CM CL TACITVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: AEQVITAS AVG, Aeqvitas standing left holding scales and cornucopia.
22.4 mm., 3.6 g. Rome mint
NORMAN K

1 DiocletianDIOCLETIAN
Silvered Follis, Rome, Struck 302-3 AD

IMP C DIOCLETIANVS PF AVG, bust l. / SAC MON VRB AVGG ET CAESS NN, Moneta standing left holding scales and cornucopiae, star in l. field, RP in ex.

RIC VI Rome 105a gVF Sosius

1 DiocletianDiocletian. A.D. 284-305. Æ follis (29.4 mm, 10.61 g, 6 h). Carthage, A.D. 299-303. IMP DIOCLETIANVS P F AVG, laureate head right / SALVIS AVGG ET CAESS FEL KART, Carthage standing left, holding fruit in both hands; A in exergue. RIC 31a. VF, silvered.
Ex Agora Auctions #1 - Nov 2013Sosius

10 Vespasian and TitusVespasian, 1 July 69 - 24 June 79 A.D., Antioch, Syria

Silver tetradrachm, Prieur 113, McAlee 336, RPC II 1947, Wruck 86, aVF, Antioch mint, weight 13.89g, maximum diameter 24.3mm, die axis 0o, 70 - 71 A.D.; obverse ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤ ΚΑΙΣΑ ΟΥΕΣΠΑΣΙΑΝΟΥ, laureate bust right; reverse ETOYC Γ IEPOY (Holy Year 3), eagle standing left on club, wings spread, palm frond left; ex CNG auction 149, lot 286; ex Garth R. Drewry Collection, ex Harmer Rooke (26-28 March 1973), lot 488 (part of).

Struck to pay Titus' legions during and after the First Jewish Revolt. RPC notes c. 320 different dies indicate 6,500,000 Syrian tetradrachms might have been minted. This was the quantity Titus would have needed to pay his four legions. Hoard evidence finds many of these types in Judaea confirming they were used to pay the legions.

Purchased from FORVM!
RI0002
Sosius

14 TrajanTrajan
Silver denarius, Rome mint
weight 3.150g, maximum diameter 19.3mm, die axis 180o
112 - 114 A.D.
IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS VI P P, laureate and draped bust right / S P Q R OPTIMO PRINCIPI, Felicitas standing left, caduceus in right, cornucopia in left; uneven toning
RIC II 271, RSC II 404, BMCRE III 424, Fine
Purchased from FORVM
RI0115Sosius

23.5 Septimius Severus - overstrike of Pescennius Niger DenariusSilver denarius, RIC IV 377 or similar, F, overstruck, 2.118g, 19.3mm, 180o, Emesa mint, 194 - 195 A.D.; obverse IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG COS II (or similar), laureate head right; reverse FORTVN REDVC (or similar), Fortuna standing left, cornucopia in left, rudder (?) in right

Purchased from FORVM
RI01293 commentsSosius

286 - 293, CARAUSIUS, AE Antoninianus, struck 289 - 293 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: IMP C CARAVSIVS P F AVG. Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust of Carausius facing right.
Reverse: PAX AVG. Pax standing facing left, holding olive branch in her right hand and vertical sceptre in left; across field, S - P: in exergue, MLXXI.
Diameter: 23mm | Weight: 3.9gms | Die Axis: 6h | Some remaining patches of silvering.
Unlisted. cf.RIC V ii : 98
VERY RARE

Marcus Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius, of Menapian origin and commander of the fleet under Maximianus, rebelled and set himself up as Emperor in Britain in A.D.287. Carausius thwarted all the attempts of Maximianus to recover the lost territory and even extended his authority over part of Gaul. In A.D.293 however, Constantius took over the struggle from Maximianus and succeeded in capturing Boulogne, Carausius' main stronghold on the Continent. Soon after this Carausius was murdered by his chief minister, Allectus, who succeeded to the throne.*Alex

29 Elagabalus, 16 May 218 - 11 March 222 A.D.Silver denarius, BMCRE V 234, RIC IV 161, RSC III 300a, EF, 2.693g, 19.8mm, 180o, Rome mint, 220 - 222 A.D.; obverse IMP ANTONINVS PIVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right, from behind; reverse VICTORIA AVG, Victory flying left holding diadem in both hands, at each side a small shield, star right

Purchased from FORVMSosius

4 GaleriusGALERIUS
Silvered Follis, Heraclea, 297-298 AD

GAL VAL MAXIMIANVS NOB CAES, head l. / GENIO POPV-L-I ROMANI, Genius standing l., holding patera and cornucopiae, HT epsilon in ex.

RIC VI Heraclea 20bSosius

4 TacitusTACITUS
Silvered Antoninianus, Rome
275-276 A.D.
IMP CM CL TACITVS AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust r. / SALVS AVG, Salus standing left by altar, holding sceptre, and feeding serpent rising from altarXXI delta in ex.
Estiot 0128, La Venera hoard 1855; RIC 93 var (standing). VF
Sosius

4 TacitusTacitus.
A.D. 275-276.
Æ antoninianus (22.6 mm, 3.62 g, 12 h). Siscia Mint
IMP C M CL TACITVS P AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right / PAX AVGVSTI, Pax standing left, holding branch and transverse scepter; Q in right field. Estiot 2228; La Venera 2228-30; RIC temp 3651 (http://www.ric.mom.fr/en/coin/3651).
gVF, silvered.
Ex Agora Auctions
Thanks for FORVM member Quadrans for his help attributing this coin!1 commentsSosius

4 TacitusTacitus. A.D. 275-276. Æ antoninianus (22.2 mm, 4.13 g, 6 h). Rome mint, A.D. 276. IMP CM CL TACITVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right / MARTI PACIF, Mars advancing left, holding branch, spear and shield; S in exergue. RIC 145. gVF, partially silvered.
Ex. Agora Auctions, Aug 2014, from collection of Dave Surber, founder of wildwinds.com3 commentsSosius

5 Severus IISEVERUS II
Silvered Follis, Serdica Mint, 306-307 AD

O: IMP C FL VAL SEVERVS PF AVG, Laureate bust r. / GENIO POPV-L-I ROMANI, Genius standing naked l., modius on hd., holding patera from which liquid flows, and cornucopiae, delta to r., SM dot SD dot in ex.

RIC VI Serdica 24. aVF, Rare. Silvering brighter on reverse than obverse.Sosius

6 ProbusPROBUS
Silvered Antoninianus, Siscia
IMP C PROBVS PF AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust r. / PROVIDENT AVG, Providentia standing left, holding, globe and scepter, XXIVI in exergue
RIC V-2 Siscia 720
Sosius

796 – c.835, EANBALD II, Archbishop of York, Northumbria, AE Styca, struck c.830 - 835 at York, EnglandObverse: + EANBALD AR around small Greek cross. Greek cross in legend.
Reverse: + EDILVARD around cross pommée. Cross pommée in legend. Moneyer: Aethelweard
Phase 1b issue
Diameter: 13mm | Weight: 1.0gms | Die Axis: 6h
SPINK: 861 | British Numismatic Journal (1916) – (H A Parsons, The coins of Archbishop Eanbald II of York): 60

Initially a base silver coin, after the devastating Viking attack on Lindisfarne in 793, with its subsequent commercial impact on the kingdom of Northumberland, the second issue of stycas under King Eanred were debased by having their silver content replaced by zinc. There was a further debasement of the coinage in 829 after Eanred's submission to Ecgberht of Wessex, such that the styca became basically a copper alloy coin.

Eanbald II was, prior to his elevation to the archiepiscopate, a priest of the Church of York. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records his consecration as Archbishop on 14th August, 796, immediately after the death of the first prelate of the same name.
In the year 797, Eanbald II is recorded as having assisted in the recovery of the rights of the see of Canterbury, which had been much impaired during the reign of King Offa of Mercia in order that his new primacy at Lichfield might be promoted. In this work of restitution, Eanbald collaborated with Æthelhard, Archbishop of Canterbury, who had appealed to Rome over the matter. The case was also presented to Coenwulf, the successor of Offa, and he was persuaded by the two prelates to refer the question to the Pope which resulted in Offa's new archiepiscopal see of Lichfield being abolished.
In 798 Eanbald convened a great synod at Finchale, near Durham. There, he enacted a number of regulations relating to the ecclesiastical courts and the observance of Easter.
Early on Eanbald became estranged from Eardwulf, King of Northumbria, after denouncing Eardwulf's adulteries and sheltering Eardwulf's enemies by giving them church sanctuary. But Eardwulf seems to have been deposed in around 806 and was eventually succeeded by Eanred around 810.
No record of Eanbald II's death survives and the time of his death has been variously estimated to range from as early as 808 to as late as 835, the latter date based on numismatic evidence.

The Kingdom of Northumbria was a medieval Anglian kingdom in what is now Northern England and South-east Scotland. The name derives from the Old English Norþan-hymbre meaning "the people or province north of the Humber", Northumbria started to consolidate into one kingdom in the early seventh century when the two earlier territories of Deira and Bernicia united. At its height, the kingdom extended from the Humber Estuary in the south to the Firth of Forth (now in Scotland) in the north.
Northumbria ceased to be an independent kingdom in the mid-tenth century.
*Alex

8 LiciniusLICINIUS I
AE Follis, Nicomedia, 313-317 AD

IMP C VAL LICIN LICINIVS PF AVG, Laureate bust r. / IOVI CONS-ERVATORI, Jupiter standing left, holding Victory on globe and sceptre, eagle with wreath to left, A in r. field, SMN in ex.

RIC VII Nicomedia 13, VF/EF, silvered. R1.Sosius

8 LiciniusLICINIUS I
Silvered Follis, Antioch, 312 AD

IMP C LIC LICINNIVS PF AVG, Laureate bust r. / GENIO-AVGVSTI, Genius standing left, naked, modius on head, chlamys over left shoulder, holding head of Sol and cornucopia, star in l. field, H in r. field, ANT in ex.

RIC VI Antioch 164a. EF about 60% silvered.1 commentsSosius

8 LiciniusLICINIUS I
Silvered Follis, Cyzicus, 317-320

IMP LICI-NIVS AVG, Laureate, draped bust l., sceptre in left hand, mappa in right hand / IOVI CONS-ERVATORI AVGG, Jupiter stading left, holding Victory on globe and scepter, wreath in l. field, gamma in r. field, SMK in ex.

RIC VII Cyzicus 9, VF, silvering, scarce.Sosius

8 LiciniusLICINIUS I
Silvered Follis, Thessalonica mint, 318-319 AD

O: LICI-NIVS AVG, Laureate, cuirassed bust r.
R: VOT XX / MVLT / dot XXX dot / TS dot A dot in four lines within wreath.

RIC VII Thessalonica 33, VF, silvered, scarce.Sosius

8.5 Magnia UrbicaMagnia Urbica. Augusta, AD 283-285. Antoninianus (21mm, 2.17 g, 12h). Ticinum mint. 5th emission, August AD 283. Diademed and draped bust right, set on crescent / Venus standing left, holding helmet and scepter; shield at side; SXXIT. RIC V 347; Pink VI/2 p. 29. Good VF, green patina with partial silvering, earthen highlights.2 commentsSosius

810 - 841, EANRED, Anglo-Saxon king of Northumbria, AE Styca, Struck c.830 - 835 at York, EnglandObverse: + EANRED REX around small cross pattée. Cross pattée in legend.
Reverse: + FORDRED around small cross patoncé. Cross pattée in legend. Moneyer: Fordred.
Phase 1b issue
Grey patina with slight silver sheen
Diameter: 12mm | Weight: 0.9gms | Die Axis: 12h
SPINK: 862

Initially a base silver coin, after the devastating Viking attack on Lindisfarne in 793, with its subsequent commercial impact on the kingdom of Northumberland, Eanred's second issue of stycas were debased by having their silver content replaced by zinc. There was a further debasement of the coinage in 829 after Eanred's submission to Ecgberht of Wessex, such that the styca became basically a copper alloy coin.

Eanred was king of Northumbria in the early ninth century.but very little is known for certain about him. Roger of Wendover, a 13th century English chronicler, states that Eanred reigned from 810 until 840, but the twelfth-century History of the Church of Durham records a reign of 33 years. Given the turbulence of Northumbrian history in this period, a reign of this length suggests a figure of some significance. Eanred was the son of King Eardwulf, who was deposed by an otherwise unknown Ælfwald in 806. According to the History of the Church of Durham, Ælfwald ruled for two years before Eanred succeeded. However Frankish sources claim that, after being expelled from England, Eardwulf was received by Charlemagne and then the pope, and that their envoys escorted him back to Northumbria and secured his restoration to power. The precise nature of the succession of Eanred is therefore unclear but all the sources agree that Eanred was eventually succeeded by his son, Æthelred.

The Kingdom of Northumbria was a medieval Anglian kingdom in what is now Northern England and South-east Scotland. The name derives from the Old English Norþan-hymbre meaning "the people or province north of the Humber", Northumbria started to consolidate into one kingdom in the early seventh century when the two earlier territories of Deira and Bernicia united. At its height, the kingdom extended from the Humber Estuary in the south to the Firth of Forth (now in Scotland) in the north.
Northumbria ceased to be an independent kingdom in the mid-tenth century.
1 comments*Alex

837 - 854, WIGMUND, Anglo-Saxon Archbishop of York, Northumbria, AE Styca, Struck at York, EnglandObverse: + VIGMVND I R around group of seven pellets. Cross pattée in legend.
Reverse: + HVNLAF around cross pommée. Cross pattée in legend. Moneyer: Hunlaf.
Issue: Phase II, Group Ci
Diameter: 13mm | Weight: 0.9gms | Die Axis: Uncertain
SPINK: 870

The first appearance of the styca, a new style of small coin which replaced the earlier sceat, was at the beginning of the ninth century. The first stycas were of low silver content but later coins became effectively brass. Produced in York, several moneyers are named on the surviving coins, suggesting that they were minted in significant quantities. Stycas were minted under the kings, Aethelred I, Eardwulf, Aelfwald II, Eanred, Aethelred II, Redwulf, and Osberht, as well as for the Archbishops of York, Eanbald I, Eanbald II, Wigmund, and Wulfhere.

Wigmund was consecrated as Archbishop of York in 837 and died in 854.

The Kingdom of Northumbria was a medieval Anglian kingdom in what is now Northern England and South-east Scotland. The name derives from the Old English Norþan-hymbre meaning "the people or province north of the Humber", Northumbria started to consolidate into one kingdom in the early seventh century when the two earlier territories of Deira and Bernicia united. At its height, the kingdom extended from the Humber Estuary in the south to the Firth of Forth (now in Scotland) in the north.
Northumbria ceased to be an independent kingdom in the mid-tenth century.
*Alex

841 - 849, ÆTHELRED II, Anglo-Saxon king of Northumbria, AE Styca, Struck 841 - 844 at York, EnglandObverse: + EDILRED REX around large Greek cross, small Greek cross in legend.
Reverse: + EANRED around small Greek cross. Small Greek cross in legend. Moneyer: Eanred.
Issue: First Reign, Phase II, Group Cii
Diameter: 13mm | Weight: 0.9gms | Die Axis: 12
SPINK: 865 | Pirie: 1374 (same dies)

The new styca coinage, small brass coins containing very little silver and much zinc introduced at the beginning of the century, continued to be minted in large quantities by a number of different moneyers at York during Æthelred's reign.

Æthelred II was king of Northumbria in the middle of the ninth century, but, as with his father, his dates are uncertain. Relatively little is known of Æthelred's reign from the surviving documentary record. He appears to have been expelled in favour of Rædwulf, whose reign is confirmed by the evidence of coinage. However, Rædwulf was killed that same year fighting against the Vikings and Æthelred was restored to power. Æthelred was assassinated a few years later, but no further details are known of his murder. Æthelred II was succeeded by Osberht.
N. J. Higham, reader of history at Manchester University and author of several books on the Anglo-Saxons dates Æthelred II's reign as from 840 until his death in 848, with an interruption in 844 when Rædwulf briefly usurped the throne. Barbara Yorke, Emeritus professor of Medieval history at the University of Winchester agrees, but dates his death slightly later to 848 or 849.

The Kingdom of Northumbria was a medieval Anglian kingdom in what is now Northern England and South-east Scotland. The name derives from the Old English Norþan-hymbre meaning "the people or province north of the Humber", Northumbria started to consolidate into one kingdom in the early seventh century when the two earlier territories of Deira and Bernicia united. At its height, the kingdom extended from the Humber Estuary in the south to the Firth of Forth (now in Scotland) in the north.
Northumbria ceased to be an independent kingdom in the mid-tenth century.
*Alex

9 NumerianNUMERIAN
Silvered Antoninianus, Lyons Mint
IMP CM AVR NVMERIANVS AVG, Radiate bust r. / MARS VICTOR, Mars walking right, holding spear and trophy, retrograde C in r. field.
Lyons RIC V-2, 386, gVF fully silvered
Would clean up beautifully if I had the courage!Sosius

9 NumerianNUMERIAN
Silvered Antoninianus, Rome Mint, 284 AD
DIVO NVMERIANO, Radiate bust r. / CONSECRATIO, Altar with flame, KA crescent A in ex.
RIC V-II Rome 426Sosius

Alexander Jannaeus Prutah PendantOBV:BAΣIΛEΩΣ AΛEΞANΔΡOΥ (of King Alexander),
around anchor
REV:star made of eight pellets surrounded by diadem
and possible inscription
Hendin 470, Meshorer TJC J11, Jerusalem mint
103 - 76 B.C.
Set in Silver Pendant Danny S. Jones

Ancient Greece (Thessaly), silver pseudo-Rhodian drachm struck by King Perseus of Macedon, ca. 175-170 BC1 commentslordmarcovan

Ancient Rome (Imperial): silver denarius of Otho, ca. January-April, 69 ADlordmarcovan

Antoninus Pius 131-168 CESilver denarius, RSC II 155, RIC III 430, VF, Rome mint, 2.8 g, 18.4mm, 161 CE Obverse: DIVVS ANTONININVS, Bare head right.
Reverse: CONSECRATIO, eagle standing right on altar head turned.
NORMAN K

Antoninus Pius 138 – 161 CESilver denarius, RIC III 276, RSC II 1037, Rome mint, 2.4g, 16.8mm, 157-158 CE.
Obverse: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P IMP II, laureate head right.
Reverse: TR POT XXI COS IIII, Aequitas standing left holding balance and cornucopia.
Rome MintNORMAN K

Aurelian RIC 192 SisciaAugust or September 270 - October or November 275 CE
Silvered antoninianus, RIC V 192, Siscia mint, 3.9g, 21.1mm, 271 CE.
Obverse: IMP C AVRELIANVS AVG, radiate and draped bust right.
Reverse: CONCORDIA MILI, Concordia standing half left, holding two standards, Q (=4th officina) right. NORMAN K

Aurelian RIC 64 Rome 274-275 CEAurelian silvered Antoninianus
Obverse: IMP AVRELIANVS AVG, radiate, cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: ORIENS AVG, Sol standing left with hand raised, foot on bound captives.
Episilon in left field, XXIR in ex. Rome mint
RIC 64
21.9.6 mm., 4.5 g.NORMAN K

C POBLICIUS Q F. 80 BCHelmeted bust of Roma right / Hercules strangling the Nemean lion; bow and quiver at left; club below. Cr. 380/1.

POBLICIA, a plebian family, but of consular rank. Its cognomen on coins is Malleolus. There are fifteen varieties, all of silver, on some of which a small hammer or mallett is engraved, evidently alluding to the surname Malleolus.

The first of Heracles' twelve labours, set by King Eurystheus (his cousin) was to slay the Nemean lion.

According to one version of the myth, the Nemean lion took women as hostages to its lair in a cave near Nemea, luring warriors from nearby towns to save the damsel in distress. After entering the cave, the warrior would see the woman (usually feigning injury) and rush to her side. Once he was close, the woman would turn into a lion and kill the warrior, devouring his remains and giving the bones to Hades.

Heracles wandered the area until he came to the town of Cleonae. There he met a boy who said that if Heracles slew the Nemean lion and returned alive within 30 days, the town would sacrifice a lion to Zeus; but if he did not return within 30 days or he died, the boy would sacrifice himself to Zeus.[3] Another version claims that he met Molorchos, a shepherd who had lost his son to the lion, saying that if he came back within 30 days, a ram would be sacrificed to Zeus. If he did not return within 30 days, it would be sacrificed to the dead Heracles as a mourning offering.

While searching for the lion, Heracles fetched some arrows to use against it, not knowing that its golden fur was impenetrable; when he found and shot the lion and firing at it with his bow, he discovered the fur's protective property when the arrow bounced harmlessly off the creature's thigh. After some time, Heracles made the lion return to his cave. The cave had two entrances, one of which Heracles blocked; he then entered the other. In those dark and close quarters, Heracles stunned the beast with his club and, using his immense strength, strangled it to death. During the fight the lion bit off one of his fingers. Others say that he shot arrows at it, eventually shooting it in the unarmoured mouth.

After slaying the lion, he tried to skin it with a knife from his belt, but failed. He then tried sharpening the knife with a stone and even tried with the stone itself. Finally, Athena, noticing the hero's plight, told Heracles to use one of the lion's own claws to skin the pelt.

When he returned on the thirtieth day carrying the carcass of the lion on his shoulders, King Eurystheus was amazed and terrified. Eurystheus forbade him ever again to enter the city; in future he was to display the fruits of his labours outside the city gates. Eurystheus warned him that the tasks set for him would become increasingly difficult. He then sent Heracles off to complete his next quest, which was to destroy the Lernaean hydra.

The Nemean lion's coat was impervious to the elements and all but the most powerful weapons. Others say that Heracles' armour was, in fact, the hide of the lion of Cithaeron.ecoli

CHALUKYAS of GUJARAT, Anonymous Silver drachm (gadhaiya paisa) Obv. Degenerate Indo-Sasanian style bust right, crescent moon and star above
Rev. Stylized stepped and pelleted fire altar, sun (consisting of rosette of pellets) above left, crescent moon above right4 commentsSkyler

Constantine II, AE3, Thessalonica, RIC VII, 157, 326-328 CE

Constantine II, AE3, 326-328, Thessalonica, Officina 4
Obverse: CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C, Laureate, draped, cuirassed bust left
Reverse: PROVIDEN_TIAE CAESS, Campgate with six rows, two turrets, no doors, star above, top and bottom rows empty blocks
SMTSD in exergue
19.5mm, 2.7g
RIC VII, 157 nearly full silveringNORMAN K

Demetrios II Nikator, Second reign, 129-125 BC. Silver tetradrachm. Tyre.Obv: Diademed head of king right.
Rev: Eagle standing on prow left, with palm branch, club surmounted by monogram and monogram in inner left field, two monograms in inner right field, monogram between legs.
References: SC 2195.5b. Newell 179. Hoover 1122.
28 mm, 13,23 g.1 commentsCanaan

Domitian, 13 September 81 - 18 September 96 A.D., Silver denarius, RIC II, part 1, 669 (C3); BMCRE II 153; BnF III 147; RSC II 251Silver denarius
Obverse: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM P M TR P VIII, laureate head right.
Reverse: IMP XIX COS XIIII CENS P P P, Minerva standing left, helmeted and draped, thunderbolt in right hand, spear vertical behind in left hand, grounded shield at feet behind.
2.85 g., 18.7 mm, Rome mint
sold 4-20181 commentsNORMAN K

ENGLAND, NORMAN, Stephen (1135-1154), Silver Penny, Watford type .ENGLAND, NORMAN, Stephen (1135-1154), Silver Penny, Watford type .
Mint and moneyer uncertain . 1.0 gr
Crowned and diademed bust of king right, holding sceptre in his right hand .
Cross moline, with a fleur each angle .
North 873; SCBC 1278Vladislav D

England: silver Short Cross penny of King John (1199-1216), struck in the name of Henry II, ca. 1205-1207lordmarcovan

Galba 68-69ADSilver Denarius of Rome, July 68-January 69 AD
Obv: IMP SER GALBA - CAESAR AVG, head with laurel wreath r.
Rev: DIVA - AVGVSTA, Livia with Patera and scepter f.v.,

RIC I² 186 (R), RSC II 55.
(3.51 g)1 commentsVacolony

Gallienus RIC V-1, Siscia 575 Gallienus
AE 20.93 mm 3.8 grams Silvered
OBV :: GALLIENVS AVG. Radiate head right
REV :: PAX AVG, Pax standing left holding a scepter and olive branch..S in left field, I in right field
EX :: none
Siscia mint
RIC V-1, Siscia 575
rated as C by RIC
From uncleaned lot ( Forvm Uncleaned competition)
Oct 2007 Johnny

Gordian III 238-244 CEGordian III 238-244 CE Silver Antoninianus “Victory" 24mm, 3.7gm. RIC 202

Obverse: IMP CAES M ANT GORDIANVS AVG, Radiate bust of Gordian right.
Reverse: VICTORIA AVG, Victory advancing left,holding wreath and palm.
Sold 5-2018
NORMAN K

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