| Image search results - "shrine" |
Perge, Pamphylia
Mid 3rd to 1st cent. BC
Obv: Cult image of Artemis Pergaia in two-columned aedicula
or shrine, with eagle in pediment, wings spread.
Rev: "APTEMIΔOΣ ΠEPΓAIAΣ"
Quiver of Artemis, bow diagonally
behind.
SNG Cop 308; SNG France 3, 373-378; SNG Pfalz 221-223mauseus
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4 Trebonianus GallusTREBONIANUS GALLUS
Æ 30mm of Antioch, Syria.
O: AVTOK K G OVIB TPEB GALLOC CEB, laureate, draped & cuirassed bust r.; viewed from behind
R: ANTIOCEWN MHTRO KOLWN D-E, SC in ex, tetrastyle temple of Tyche of Antioch, river-god Orontes swimming at her feet; above shrine, ram leaping r.
Sear 2809, SNGCop 292, BMC 654, SGI 4350.
Coin discussed and authenticated on FORVM boardSosius
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JUSTIN I and JUSTINIAN I as joint Emperors, AE Pentanummium (5 Nummi), struck 4th April - 1st August 527 at AntiochObverse: +D N D N IVSTINVS ЄT IVSTINIANVS P P A; Diademed, draped, and cuirassed facing busts of Justin I and Justinian I side by side.
Reverse: Tyche of Antioch seated facing left, head facing; below right, river-god Orontes swimming towards the left; large Э to left; all within distyle shrine.
Diameter: 13mm | Weight: 2.2gms | Die Axis: 6
SBCV: 133 | DOC:17 *(different die axis)
RARE
Justin I's health slowly declined in his old age and, on the first of April 527, he formally named his nephew Justinian as co-emperor and his successor. Justin only lived for a few more months and, when he died at the age of 77 on the first of August, Justinian succeeded him.
*Alex
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Trajan. 98-117 CE. Caesarea Maritima. Trajan. 98-117 CE. Æ 32mm
Laureate bust right, drapery on left shoulder / Statue of the Tyche of Caesarea within semi-circular tetrastyle shrine with Corinthian columns; half figure of river-god to right of statue, altar with horns
Ros-19Maritima
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Δ and KA (monogram of)CILICIA. Seleuceia ad Calycadnum. Severus Alexander. Æ 28. A.D. 222-235. Obv: AVâ–ªKâ–ªMâ–ªAVPâ–ªCEOVHPAΛEZA-NΔPO. Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right; 2 countermarks: (1) on chest, (2) partly under (1). Rev: CEΛE(-YKEΩN)KAΛY-KA-ΔNΩ. Tyche of Seleuceia seated left on rock in distyle shrine, holding grains; river-god Calycadnus swimming left below. Ref: BMC -; SNG Levante Supp. 196 (same obv. die, var. rev. leg.). Axis: 195°. Weight: 9.91 g. CM(1): Δ containing dot, in triangular punch, 6 x 5 mm. Howgego 670 (206 pcs). Note: Not likely to be a denominational countermark. CM(2): Monogram of K and A, in shaped punch, 4 x 5 mm. Howgego 618 (52 pcs). Note: The countermark likely refers to Calycadnum. Collection Automan.Automan
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IONIA, Ephesos
PB Tessera (19mm, 4.90 g)
Togate figure standing left, sacrificing at altar before tholos containing cult statue
Blank
Gülbay & Kireç -; Hirsch 279, lot 4922
The engraver of this die betrays no small skill in his execution of the obverse type; the circular shrine is shown in perspective, with the columns arranged so as to suggest distance while still leaving room for the statue to be visible. I was surprised to find that another specimen of this type from different, though equally elegant dies had recently sold in a Hirsch auction, there misidentified as a “bleiplombe,” or lead seal.
Ardatirion
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"As de Nîmes" or "crocodile" Ӕ dupondius of Nemausus (9 - 3 BC), honoring Augustus and AgrippaIMP DIVI F , Heads of Agrippa (left) and Augustus (right) back to back, Agrippa wearing rostral crown and Augustus the oak-wreath / COL NEM, crocodile right chained to palm-shoot with short dense fronds and tip right; two short palm offshoots left and right below, above on left a wreath with two long ties streaming right.
Ó”, 24.5 x 3+ mm, 13.23g, die axis 3h; on both sides there are remains of what appears to be gold plating, perhaps it was a votive offering? Rough edges and slight scrapes on flan typical for this kind of coin, due to primitive technology (filing) of flan preparation.
IMPerator DIVI Filius. Mint of COLonia NEMausus (currently Nîmes, France). Known as "As de Nîmes", it is actually a dupontius (lit. "two-pounder") = 2 ases (sometimes cut in halves to get change). Dupondii were often made out of a golden-colored copper alloy (type of brass) "orichalcum" and this appears to be such case.
Key ID points: oak-wreath (microphotography shows that at least one leaf has a complicated shape, although distinguishing oak from laurel is very difficult) – earlier versions have Augustus bareheaded, no PP on obverse as in later versions, no NE ligature, palm with short fronds with tip right (later versions have tip left and sometimes long fronds). Not typical: no clear laurel wreath together with the rostral crown, gold (?) plating (!), both features really baffling.
But still clearly a "middle" kind of the croc dupondius, known as "type III": RIC I 158, RPC I 524, Sear 1730. It is often conservatively dated to 10 BC - 10 AD, but these days it is usually narrowed to 9/8 - 3 BC.
It is a commemorative issue, honoring the victory over Mark Antony and conquest of Egypt in 30 BC. The heads of Augustus and Agrippa were probably positioned to remind familiar obverses of Roman republican coins with two-faced Janus. Palm branch was a common symbol of victory, in this case grown into a tree, like the victories of Augustus and Agrippa grown into the empire. The two offshoots at the bottom may mean two sons of Agrippa, Gaius and Lucius, who were supposed to be Augustus' heirs and were patrons of the colony. Palm may also be a symbol of the local Nemausian deity, which was probably worshiped in a sacred grove. When these coins were minted, the colony was mostly populated by the settled veterans of Augustus' campaigns, hence the reminiscence of the most famous victory, but some of the original Celtic culture probably survived and was assimilated by Romans. The crocodile is not only the symbol of Egypt, like in the famous Octavian's coins AEGYPTO CAPTA. It is also a representation of Mark Antony, powerful and scary both in water and on land, but a bit slow and stupid. The shape of the crocodile with tail up was specifically chosen to remind of the shape of ship on very common "legionary" denarius series, which Mark Antony minted to pay his armies just before Actium. It is probably also related to the popular contemporary caricature of Cleopatra, riding on and simultaneously copulating with a crocodile, holding a palm branch in her hand as if in triumph. There the crocodile also symbolized Mark Antony.
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa was born c. 64-62 BC somewhere in rural Italy. His family was of humble and plebeian origins, but rich, of equestrian rank. Agrippa was about the same age as Octavian, and the two were educated together and became close friends. He probably first served in Caesar's Spanish campaign of 46–45 BC. Caesar regarded him highly enough to send him with Octavius in 45 BC to train in Illyria. When Octavian returned to Rome after Caesar's assassination, Agrippa became his close lieutenant, performing many tasks. He probably started his political career in 43 BC as a tribune of the people and then a member of the Senate. Then he was one of the leading Octavian's generals, finally becoming THE leading general and admiral in the civil wars of the subsequent years.
In 38 as a governor of Transalpine Gaul Agrippa undertook an expedition to Germania, thus becoming the first Roman general since Julius Caesar to cross the Rhine. During this foray he helped the Germanic tribe of Ubii (who previously allied themselves with Caesar in 55 BC) to resettle on the west bank of the Rhine. A shrine was dedicated there, possibly to Divus Caesar whom Ubii fondly remembered, and the village became known as Ara Ubiorum, "Altar of Ubians". This quickly would become an important Roman settlement. Agrippina the Younger, Agrippa's granddaughter, wife of Emperor Claudius and mother of Emperor Nero, would be born there in 15 AD. In 50 AD she would sponsor this village to be upgraded to a colonia, and it would be renamed Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (colony of Claudius [at] the Altar of Agrippinians – Ubii renamed themselves as Agrippinians to honor the augusta!), abbreviated as CCAA, later to become the capital of new Roman province, Germania Inferior.
In 37 BC Octavian recalled Agrippa back to Rome and arranged for him to win the consular elections, he desperately needed help in naval warfare with Sextus Pompey, the youngest son of Pompey the Great, who styled himself as the last supporter of the republican cause, but in reality became a pirate king, an irony since his father was the one who virtually exterminated piracy in all the Roman waters. He forced humiliating armistice on the triumvirs in 39 BC and when Octavian renewed the hostilities a year later, defeated him in a decisive naval battle of Messina. New fleet had to be built and trained, and Agrippa was the man for the job. Agrippa's solution was creating a huge secret naval base he called Portus Iulius by connecting together lakes Avernus, Avernus and the natural inner and outer harbors behind Cape Misenum at the northern end of the Gulf of Naples. He also created a larger type of ship and developed a new naval weapon: harpax – a ballista-launched grapnel shot with mechanisms that allowed pulling enemy ships close for easy boarding. It replaced the previous boarding device that Romans used since the First Punic War, corvus – effective, but extremely cumbersome. A later defence against it were scythe blades on long poles for cutting ropes, but since this invention was developed in secret, the enemy had no chance to prepare anything like it. It all has proved extremely effective: in a series of naval engagements Agrippa annihilated the fleet of Sextus, forced him to abandon his bases and run away. For this Agrippa was awarded an unprecedented honour that no Roman before or after him received: a rostral crown, "corona rostrata", a wreath decorated in front by a prow and beak of a ship.
That's why Virgil (Aeneid VIII, 683-684), describing Agrippa at Actium, says: "…belli insigne superbum, tempora navali fulgent rostrata corona." "…the proud military decoration, gleams on his brow the naval rostral crown". Actium, the decisive battle between forces of Octavian and Mark Antony, may appear boring compared to the war with Sextus, but it probably turned out this way due to Agrippa's victories in preliminary naval engagements and taking over all the strategy from Octavian.
In between the wars Agrippa has shown an unusual talent in city planning, not only constructing many new public buildings etc., but also greatly improving Rome's sanitation by doing a complete overhaul of all the aqueducts and sewers. Typically, it was Augustus who later would boast that "he had found the city of brick but left it of marble", forgetting that, just like in his naval successes, it was Agrippa who did most of the work. Agrippa had building programs in other Roman cities as well, a magnificent temple (currently known as Maison Carrée) survives in Nîmes itself, which was probably built by Agrippa.
Later relationship between Augustus and Agrippa seemed colder for a while, Agrippa seemed to even go into "exile", but modern historians agree that it was just a ploy: Augustus wanted others to think that Agrippa was his "rival" while in truth he was keeping a significant army far away from Rome, ready to come to the rescue in case Augustus' political machinations fail. It is confirmed by the fact that later Agrippa was recalled and given authority almost equal to Augustus himself, not to mention that he married Augustus' only biological child. The last years of Agrippa's life were spent governing the eastern provinces, were he won respect even of the Jews. He also restored Crimea to Roman Empire. His last service was starting the conquest of the upper Danube, were later the province of Pannonia would be. He suddenly died of illness in 12 BC, aged ~51.
Agrippa had several children through his three marriages. Through some of his children, Agrippa would become ancestor to many subsequent members of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. He has numerous other legacies.Yurii P
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(0218) ELAGABALUS218 - 222 AD
AE 23 mm 8.88 g
O: Bust right
R: Mt. Gerizim with arched colonnade, roadway, shrines, altar and temple; "A" Countermark
NEAPOLIS, SAMARIAlaney
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(0218) ELAGABALUS(0218) ELAGABALUS
218 - 222 AD
AE 21 mm 8.94 g
O: Bust right
R: Mt. Gerizim with colonnade before; roadway, shrines, altar and temple
NEAPOLIS, SAMARIAlaney
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005. Mn. Fonteius, CfDenarius, ca 85-84 BC, Auxiliary Italian mint.
Obverse: MN FONTEI CF / Bust of Vejovis with hair in loose locks; thunderbolt below; AP monogram under chin.
Reverse: Winged Cupid or Genius seated on goat; caps of the Dioscuri above; thyrsus with fillet below; all within a laurel wreath.
3.89 gm., 20 mm.
Syd. #724; RSC #Fonteia 9; Sear #271.
Vejovis was an ancient deity whose early function was forgotten. At his shrine in Rome, his statue portrayed him as a young beardless youth with a goat. By the time this coin was issued, he was identified with Pluto, the god of the underworld. He was probably a god of expiation since a goat was sacrificed to him once a year. We know from other sources that this goat sacrifice was expiatory in nature.Callimachus
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015a15. TrajanAE25. Seleucia Pieria, Syria. 22mm, 10.24 g. Obv: AVTOK KAIC NER TRAIANOC ARICT CEB GERM DAK, laureate head right. Rev: CELEYKEWN PEIERIAC around, ZEYC KACIOC below, sacred stone of Zeus Kasios with fillet attached, within shrine of four pillars supporting a pyramidal roof surmounted by an eagle, barred Epsilon at lower right. BMC 40; SNG Cop 404.lawrence c
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0175 - Denarius Mussidia 42 BCObv/Head of Concordia r.; behind CONCORDIA.
Rev/Shrine of Venus Cloacina, inscribed CLOACIN; L MVSSIDIVS LON(GVS) around.
Ag, 16.2mm, 4.46g
Moneyer: L. Mussidius Longus.
Mint: Rome.
RRC 494/42 [dies o/r: 87/97 (all var.)] - RSC Mussidia 6 - Syd. 1093 - Sear Imp. 188
ex-VAuctions 303, lot 388 (ex-Ivar Gault colln., CNG e-auction 271, lot 397)dafnis
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027 BC-14 AD - AUGUSTUS AR denarius - struck by P. Licinius Stolo, moneyer (17 BC)obv: AVGVSTVS TR POT (Augustus, laureate, wearing cloak and short tunic, on horseback riding right, holding patera in right hand - banker's mark)
rev: P STOLO III VIR (Salii or priest of Mars's cap (same than apex flaminis) between two studded oval shields (ancilia)).
ref: RIC I 344 (R3); BMCRE 76; RSC 439 (80frcs)
mint: Rome
3.53gms,18-19mm
Extremely rare
History: The Ludi Saeculares were spread over a period of three days (from May 31 to June 3), and Augustus celebrated them to inaugurate the beginning of a new age. On the reverse of this coin the ancilias (sacred shields) symbolised the music at festivals. The "jumping priests" or Salii marched to the Regia, where was the shrine of Mars, in which the ancilia (the sacred shield, and its 11 copies) of Mars were stored. The Salii wearing apex, taking the bronze Ancilia, and danced through the streets carrying poles with the shields mounted on them in their left hands. With their other hand, they banged the shields with a drumstick.berserker
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030a04. ElagabalusAE 17mm, 4.07 g. Laodikeia ad Mare, Syria. 218-222 AD. Obv: IMP C M AVR ANTONINVS, laureate head right. Rev: LEDI-CEON, distyle, arched shrine containing the turreted, draped bust of Tyche left, date DeltaE below. Aiello 78; Mionnet V, 789. A FORUM coin.lawrence c
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032p Hadrianus (117-138 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC III 5881, AE-Drachm, L I H//--, Osiris and Isis, #1032p Hadrianus (117-138 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC III 5881, AE-Drachm, L I H//--, Osiris and Isis, #1
avers: AΥT KAIC TPAIAN AΔPIANOC CEB, Laureate draped and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: Canopic jars of Osiris and Isis within the shrine, uraeus crown in pediment, L I H, in between.
exergue: L I H//--, diameter: mm, weight: g, axis: h,
mint: Egypt, Alexandria, date: 133-134 A.D., Year (IH)18.,
ref:
RPC III 5881,
Emmet -IH,
Milne 1418-1422,
Geissen-1107-1108,
Dattari-1661-1662,
Kampmann-Ganschow 032.590,
BMC 0779-0780,
Q-001quadrans
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035 Antoninus Pius (138-161 A.D.), RIC III 0989, Rome, AE-Dupondius, COS IIII, S-C, Emperor standing left, Scarce!035 Antoninus Pius (138-161 A.D.), RIC III 0989, Rome, AE-Dupondius, COS IIII, S-C, Emperor standing left, Scarce!
avers:- ANTONINVS-AVG-PIVS-P-P-TR-P-XXI, Radiate head right.
revers:-COS-IIII, Emperor (Antoninus?) standing left in shrine, holding branch and standard.
exe: -/-//SC, diameter: 25,5mm, weight: 11,07g, axis: 11h,
mint: Rome, date: 157-158 A.D., ref: RIC-III-989-p-, C-, Scarce!
Q-001quadrans
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037b04. Otacilia SeveraMESOPOTAMIA, Nisibis. Æ 26. MAΡ ΩTAKIΛ CEOYHΡAN CEB, diademed draped bust right on crescent / IOV CEΠ KOΛΩ NECIBI MHT, tetrastyle shrine containing seated facing figure of the city goddess, ram leaping right above, river god swimming right below. BMC 27; Sear SGI 4065. Tiber Auction 4, Lot 234.lawrence c
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06 - Antoninus Pius - AR Denarius - Posthumous Issue - Altar Imperial Rome
Antoninus Pius ( 138-161 AD.)
Silver Denarius. Rome Mint.
Posthumous Issue struck under Emperor Marcus Aurelius.
obv: DIVVS ANTONINVS - Bare head right.
rev: DIVO PIO - Altar/Shrine with doors closed.
RIC III-441 (Marcus Aurelius).
2.99gr.
rexesq
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06 - Antoninus Pius - AR Denarius - Posthumous Issue - Altar Imperial Rome
Antoninus Pius ( 138-161 AD.)
Silver Denarius. Rome Mint.
Posthumous Issue struck under Emperor Marcus Aurelius.
obv: DIVVS ANTONINVS - Bare head right.
rev: DIVO PIO - Altar/Shrine with doors closed.
RIC III-441 (Marcus Aurelius).
2.99gr.rexesq
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06 - Antoninus Pius - AR Denarius - Posthumous Issue - Altar Imperial Rome
Antoninus Pius ( 138-161 AD.)
Silver Denarius. Rome Mint.
Posthumous Issue struck under Emperor Marcus Aurelius.
obv: DIVVS ANTONINVS - Bare head right.
rev: DIVO PIO - Altar/Shrine with doors closed.
RIC III-441 (Marcus Aurelius).
2.99gr.rexesq
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06 - Antoninus Pius - AR Denarius - Posthumous Issue - Altar.Imperial Rome
Antoninus Pius ( 138-161 AD.)
Silver Denarius. Rome Mint.
Posthumous Issue struck under Emperor Marcus Aurelius.
obv: DIVVS ANTONINVS - Bare head right.
rev: DIVO PIO - Altar/Shrine with doors closed.
RIC III-441 (Marcus Aurelius).
2.99gr.
--------
Seller Photo.rexesq
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081b01. RomulusAE fraction. 16mm, 2.18 g. Rome mint. AD 310. Obv: DIVO ROMVLO NV BIS CONS, bare head right. Rev: AETERNAE MEMORIAE, domed shrine with right doot open, surmounted by eagle standing right. Mintmark RQ. RIC VI Rome 239; Sear 15053.
NOTE: Son of Maxentius who died about 309 AD, probably about age 3.lawrence c
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1. Seleukos I Nikator SELEUKID KINGS of SYRIA. Seleukos I Nikator. 312-281 BC. Æ Seleukeia II mint. Horned horse head right / Anchor; monogram to right. SC 145.
Seleukos fled from Antigonus the one-eyed in Babylonia on horseback. He credited this animal with saving his life. He then deified the animal on his coinage and in other cult shrines.
He eventually made it to Egypt where Ptolemy sheltered him for a while until he could regroup and begin to definitively establish what would become the Seleucid empire.ecoli
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118 Romulus. AE follis 6.1gmobv: DIVO ROMVLO N V BIS CONS LAUR HEAD R.
rev: AETERNAE MEMORIAE domed shrine with r. dor ajar, surmounted by eagle
ex: RBPhill132
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1199-1216, John, AR Penny, Struck 1207 - 1211 at Dublin, IrelandObverse: IOHANNES REX around triangle enclosing a crowned and draped facing bust of King John holding, in his right hand, a sceptre tipped with a cross pommée which extends through the side of the triangle into the legend. Quatrefoil to right of bust.
Reverse: ROBERD ON DIVE around triangle containing sun over crescent moon and a star in each angle. Cross pattée at apex of each point of the triangle and above legend on each of the three sides. Moneyer: Roberd, cognate with the modern English name of Robin.
Diameter: 18mm | Weight: 1.2gms | Die Axis: 4h
SPINK: 6228
Third issue "REX" coinage. This was the only coinage struck by King John in his own name.
John was King of England from 1199 until his death in 1216. The baronial revolt at the end of John's reign led to the sealing of the first Magna Carta, a document sometimes considered an early step in the evolution of the constitution of the United Kingdom.
John, the youngest of the five sons of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, was not expected to inherit significant lands which resulted in him being given the nickname John Lackland. However, after the failed rebellion of his elder brothers between 1173 and 1174, John became Henry's favourite child. He was appointed Lord of Ireland in 1177 and given lands in England and on the continent. John's elder brothers William, Henry and Geoffrey died young and when Richard I became king in 1189, John was the potential heir to the throne. John unsuccessfully attempted a rebellion against Richard's administration whilst his brother was participating in the Third Crusade but despite this, after Richard died in 1199, John was proclaimed King of England.
King John contracted dysentery at Lynn in 1216 but, just before his death, he managed to dictate a brief will. This will still survives and as part of it John requested: "I will that my body be buried in the church of St. Mary and St. Wulfstan of Worcester".
Some of King John's favourite hunting grounds were in Worcester, at Kinver and Feckenham, and he had a special affection for Saint Wulfstan, one of the two great Anglo-Saxon saints whose shrines and tombs were also at Worcester. Both Saint Wulfstan and Saint Oswald can be seen in miniature beside the head of the effigy of King John on his tomb.
Medieval effigies usually show the subject in the prime of life, however the effigy on King John's tomb is unique in that not only is it a life-like image of him, it is also the oldest royal effigy in England.
King John's tomb has been opened twice, once in 1529 and again in 1797. At the first opening it was said that John's head was covered with a monk's cowl, however it is now thought that this was probably his coronation cap. When the tomb was opened for the second time the antiquarians responsible discovered that a robe of crimson damask had originally covered the king's body but, by 1797, most of the embroidery had deteriorated. They also found the remains of a sword which lay down the left side of the body along with parts of its scabbard.
*Alex
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1216 - 1272, Henry III, AR Penny, Struck 1217 - 1242 at London, England (Short Cross Issue)Obverse: HENRICVS REX around central circle enclosing a crowned, draped and bearded facing bust of Henry III holding a sceptre tipped with a cross pommee in his right hand.
Reverse: + GIFFREI ON LVND. Voided short cross dividing legend into quarters, crosslets in each quarter of inner circle. Cross pattée in legend. Moneyer: Giffrei, cognate with the modern English name of Geoffrey.
Issue type 7c, distinguished by the degraded portrait and large lettering.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 1.1gms | Die Axis: 4h
SPINK: 1356C
HENRY III AND WESTMINSTER ABBEY
Henry III was the eldest son of King John and came to the throne at the age of nine. He was king of England from 1216 until his death in 1272, ruling longer than any other English monarch until the reign of George III.
Henry expressed a lifelong interest in architecture and much of what constitutes the Tower of London today is a result of Henry's work, he added several towers and a curtain wall to expand the White Tower beginning in 1238. Westminster Abbey however, is considered to be Henry's greatest building work. The project began in 1245, when Henry sent his architect Henry de Reynes to visit the French cities of Rheims, Chartres, Bourges and Amiens and Paris' royal chapel Sainte-Chapelle to learn the Gothic technique that he much admired.
The Westminster Abbey that stood previously on the site had been erected by Edward the Confessor in 1042. Edward the Confessor was a hero of Henry's, and he probably named his son (the future Edward I) after him. The foundations and crypt are still those of Edward the Confessor's Abbey, but everything above ground today is the building begun by Henry III. The tomb of Edward the Confessor was moved to a new position of honour in 1269 at the very centre of the new abbey, and when Henry III died in 1272 he was buried beside Edward's shrine in the exact position the bones of his hero had lain for 200 years.
*Alex
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138Antoninus Pius 138-61 AD
AE 24 mm
Zeugma
Rev: Shrine and temple enclosure
BMC 2; SNG Hunter 2631-2mauseus
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138-161 AD - ANTONINUS PIUS AR denarius - struck 158-159 ADobv: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP (laureate head right)
rev: TEMPLVM DIV AVG REST COS IIII (octastyle temple [8 columns] in which the statues of Augustus and Livia reside)
ref: RIC III 143D (R), Cohen 809 (8frcs)
3.01 gms, 18mm,
Rare
History: The Temple of Divus Augustus was built between the Palatine and Capitoline Hills, behind the Basilica Julia. It is known from Roman coinage that the temple was originally built to an Ionic hexastyle design (see my Caligula sestertius). During the reign of Domitian the Temple of Divus Augustus was destroyed by fire but was rebuilt and rededicated in 89/90 with a shrine to his favourite deity, Minerva. The temple was redesigned as a memorial to four deified emperors, including Vespasian and Titus.
It was restored again in the late 150s by Antoninus Pius, who was perhaps motivated by a desire to be publicly associated with the first emperor. The exact date of the restoration is not known, but the restored temple was an octostyle design with Corinthian capitals and two statues - presumably of Augustus and Livia - in the cella. The pediment displayed a relief featuring Augustus and was topped by a quadriga. Two figures stood on the eaves of the roof, that on the left representing Romulus and the one on the right depicting Aeneas leading his family out of Troy, alluding to Rome's origin-myth. The steps of the temple were flanked by two statues of Victory.berserker
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1399 - 1413, Henry IV, AR Hardi d'Argent, Struck 1399 -1453 at Bordeaux, Aquitaine, FranceObverse: ERIC R ANGLIE ✤ Crowned and robed half-length figure of Henry facing under Gothic canopy, holding sword in right hand, left hand raised with finger pointing in benedictory position. Mullet over crown, rosette either side of crown. Rosette (marked in text by ✤) in legend.
Reverse: FRA-CIE ✤ DNS AQI ✤ Long cross collarino, pattée at the ends, extending through legend. Fleur de lis with roundel underneath in second and third quarters; lion passant, guardant in first and fourth quarters, roundel over lion in fourth quarter. Rosettes (marked in text by ✤) in legend.
Diameter: 18mm | Weight: 1.13gms | Axis 10h
SPINK: 8147 | Elias: 233h
Ex. Bazas Hoard | Ex. Jean Elsen (Belgium) | Scarce
The last series of these Anglo-Gallic coins was likely struck under more than one Henry and they have not currently been differentiated by ruler because the legends and types are generic. However, over time, Anglo-Gallic issues suffered from regular debasement and a deterioration in workmanship, the size, weight and quality of the strike of this coin would therefore all seem to point to it being an early example.
Henry IV
In 1399, Henry, Duke of Lancaster, overthrew his cousin, Richard II and took the throne as Henry IV, ruling until his death in 1413. Henry's first major problem as monarch was what to do with the deposed Richard. In January 1400, soon after an early assassination plot against Henry was foiled, Richard died in prison, allegedly of starvation. Though Henry was suspected of having had Richard murdered, it was also claimed that he took his own life.
Henry, also known as Henry Bolingbroke, was a grandson of Edward III and when he took the throne he asserted his grandfather's claim to the Kingdom of France. He founded the Lancaster branch of the House of Plantagenet and he was the first King of England since the Norman Conquest whose mother tongue was English rather than French.
Early in his reign, Henry hosted the visit of Manuel II Palaiologos, the only Byzantine emperor ever to visit England, and he gave monetary support to Manuel II to aid him against the Ottoman Empire.
Despite the example set by most of his recent predecessors, after their deaths, Henry and his second wife, Joan of Navarre, Queen of England, were buried not at Westminster Abbey but at Canterbury Cathedral, on the north side of Trinity Chapel and directly adjacent to the shrine of St Thomas Becket.
The Bazas Hoard
This hoard was discovered in May 2004 by a builder at Bazas in south West France when he was renovating a house. Bazas was a regional centre in the middle ages. The hoard consisted of a mixture of medieval coins which had been minted in Spain, Portugal, Italy, England, the Netherlands and various French duchies. Of the 1010 coins found, 157 were gold, 300 were silver and the remainder were billon. The oldest coin was a King Jean II franc from 1360 and the rarest coin was a gold castellano from the time of Henry IV of Castile, of which only one other example is known to exist.
Henry is depicted here standing in a similar pose to that shown on this coin.*Alex
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150 Antoninus PiusAE As.
ANTONINVS AVG - PIVS P P TR P XXII, Laureate head right, COS - IIII, Togate figure standing left on pedestal in arched shrine, S C in exRandygeki(h2)
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161-169 AD - LUCIUS VERUS AE sestertius - struck 169 ADobv: DIVVS VERVS (bare head of Divus Verus right)
rev: CONSECRATIO (elephant quadriga advancing left, atop car shrine containing statue of Divus Verus seated left, raising hand), S-C in ex.
ref: RIC III 1507 (M.Aurelius), C.53 (30frcs), BMCRE (Marcus) 1369
23.51gms, 30mm, bronze
Very Rare
History: In the end of 168 AD as Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus were returning home from the fontier of south Pannonia, Lucius suddenly became ill with symptoms attributed to food poisoning, and was dead at the age of 38 near Altinum (Altino). The older Emperor accompanied the body to Rome, where he offered games to honour his memory. After the funeral, the senate declared Verus divine to be worshipped as Divus Verus.berserker
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1ao Caligula37-41
As
Bare head, left, C CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS PON M TR POT
Vesta std, VESTA SC
RIC 38
The son of Germanicus, modern research suggests, was not as bad a ruler as history generally supposes, but the winners write the history, and Caligula had the dubious honor of being the first loser to die in the purple at the hand of assassins.
Suetonius recorded: Gaius Caesar (Caligula) was born on the 31st of August AD12, in the consulship of his father, Germanicus, and Gaius Fonteius Capito. The sources disagree as to his place of birth. Gnaeus Lentulus Gaetulicus claims it was Tibur (Tivoli), Pliny the Elder, says it was among the Treveri in the village of Ambitarvium, above Confluentes (the site of Koblenz) at the junction of the Moselle and Rhine. . . . His surname Caligula (‘Little Boot’) was bestowed on him affectionately by the troops because he was brought up amongst them, dressed in soldier’s gear.
Caligula accompanied his father, Germanicus, to Syria (in AD 19). On his return, he lived with his mother, Agrippina the Elder until she was exiled (in 29 AD), and then with his great-grandmother Livia. When Livia died (in 29 AD), he gave her eulogy from the rostra even though he was not of age. He was then cared for by his grandmother Antonia the Younger, until at the age of eighteen Tiberius summoned him to Capreae (Capri, in AD 31). On that day he assumed his gown of manhood and shaved off his first beard, but without the ceremony that had attended his brothers’ coming of age.
On Capraea, though every trick was tried to lure him, or force him, into making complaints against Tiberius, he ignored all provocation, . . . behaving so obsequiously to his adoptive grandfather, Tiberius, and the entire household, that the quip made regarding him was well borne out, that there was never a better slave or a worse master.
Even in those days, his cruel and vicious character was beyond his control, and he was an eager spectator of torture and executions meted out in punishment. At night, disguised in wig and long robe, he abandoned himself to gluttony and adulterous behaviour. He was passionately devoted it seems to the theatrical arts, to dancing and singing, a taste in him which Tiberius willingly fostered, in the hope of civilizing his savage propensities.
And came near to assuming a royal diadem at once, turning the semblance of a principate into an absolute monarchy. Indeed, advised by this that he outranked princes and kings, he began thereafter to claim divine power, sending to Greece for the most sacred or beautiful statues of the gods, including the Jupiter of Olympia, so that the heads could be exchanged for his own. He then extended the Palace as far as the Forum, making the Temple of Castor and Pollux its vestibule, and would often present himself to the populace there, standing between the statues of the divine brothers, to be worshipped by whoever appeared, some hailing him as ‘Jupiter Latiaris’. He also set up a special shrine to himself as god, with priests, the choicest sacrificial victims, and a life-sized golden statue of himself, which was dressed each day in clothes of identical design to those he chose to wear.
He habitually committed incest with each of his three sisters, seating them in turn below him at large banquets while his wife reclined above. . . . His preferred method of execution was by the infliction of many slight wounds, and his order, issued as a matter of routine, became notorious: ‘Cut him so he knows he is dying.’ Blindado
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2008-Savaria - The stone of the CaesarsOn the top of the red granite stone a sun-dial shows the time, and has six emperor relief. All of them played a significant role in the development of this town:
Claudius founded in AD 43 as Colonia Claudia Savaria;
during the reign of Domitian the town became a religion centre;
Emperor Trajan settled military troops from the civilians and they fought in Dacian War;
during the reign of Septimius Severus was built an Isis shrine;
Diocletian made the centre of jury during the Great Persecution;
and finally Constantine the Great, who partitioned Pannonia four province and Savaria was the capital of Pannonia Prima.berserker
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2009-Austria - CarnuntumA health shrine near the wall.berserker
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202. CARACALLACARACALLA. 198-217 AD.
The emperor visited Alexandria for intellectual and religious reasons, staying at the Serapeum and being present at the temple's sacrifices and cultural events. Earlier, during the German war, the emperor visited the shrine of the Celtic healing-god Grannus. Caracalla also visited the famous temple of Asclepius in Pergamum and fully participated in its program, which involved sleeping inside the temple compound and having his dreams interpreted.
It was this religious devotion that led to Caracalla's murder in 217. Although suspicious of the praetorian prefect Macrinus, Caracalla allowed himself to be accompanied by only a small, select corps of bodyguards on an early spring trip from the camp at Edessa to the temple of the moon-god at Carrhae, about 25 miles away. During the journey back on 8 April 217, Caracalla was killed. The returning guards claimed the emperor was ambushed while defecating, and that the alleged assassin was one of their own, a soldier named Martialis. Martialis was himself killed by the avenging guards, or so the story went. Suspicion was strong that Macrinus arranged the entire affair.
Caracalla's violent end seemed appropriate for an emperor who, early in his reign, had his own brother killed. Yet the moralizing about fratricide by both ancient and modern historians obscures the energetic, reformist and even intellectual character of Caracalla's reign. Some of the reforms, especially the pay raise for soldiers, would prove burdensome for future emperors, but the changes brought about in the little more than five years of Caracalla's sole rule would have long-lasting implications throughout the empire for generations to come.
AR Denarius (19mm, 3.11 gm). Struck 215 AD. ANTONINVS PIVS AVG GERM, laureate head right / P M TR P XVIII COS IIII PP, Sol standing left, radiate, raising right hand and holding globe. RIC IV 264a; BMCRE 139; RSC 288. EF
Ex - CNGecoli
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213 AD - CARACALLA denariusobv: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG BRIT (laureate head right)
rev: PROFECTIO AVG (Caracalla in military dress standing right, holding spear; behind two standard)
ref: RIC IVi 225 (S), RSC 508 (10frcs)
mint: Rome
2.57gms, 19mm
Scarce
This coin is commemorate the departure for a short visit to Gallia and a campaing along the borders of Upper Germany and Raetia.
Historical backround: During the German war (213 AD), the emperor visited the shrine of the Celtic healing-god Grannus.
In classical Celtic polytheism, Grannus was a deity associated with spas, the sun, fires and healing thermal and mineral springs. He seems to have embodied the notion of therapeutic heat. One of the god’s most famous cult centres was at Aquae Granni (now Aachen, Germany). Aachen means ‘water’ in Old High German, a calque of the Roman name of "Aquae Granni".
berserker
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215 AD - CARACALLA as obv: ANTONINVS.PIVS.AVG.GERM
rev:PM.TRP.XVIII.COS.IIII.PP / S.C. (Aesculapius standing, facing; small figure of Telesphorus at his side)
ref: RIC554b, C.310
mint: Rome, 10.80g, Scarce
History: Caracalla became quite ill in 214 AD, and in the autumn of this year he visited the shrine of Aesculapius at Pergamun. Telesophorus was a small boy who accompanied Aesculapius, and he became the symbol of success in the practice of medicine.berserker
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238Gordian III 238-44 AD
AE 34 mm
Seleucia ad Calycadnum in Cilicia
City goddess seated left, small shrine at feet containing magistrates (?) name
BMC 39
Countermark Howgego 670
The plate coin from Sear's Greek Imperial Coinsmauseus
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3267 CILICIA, Tarsus Hadrian Tridrachm Sandan standingReference.
RPC III, 3267/8; Levante 996; Prieur 768
Issue Second group
Obv. ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙ ΘΕ ΤΡΑ ΠΑΡ ΥΙ ΘΕ ΝΕΡ ΥΙ ΤΡΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ ϹΕ
Laureate head of Hadrian, r. with balteus and drapery on l. shoulder.
Rev. ΤΑΡϹΕΩΝ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΕΩϹ
Sandan, wearing tall headdress and long cloak, standing, r., on horned lion; he wears on his l. side bow-case and sword crossing the bow-case; his r. hand is raised and he holds bipennis and wreath in left.
9.94 gr
26 mm
12h
Note.
Sandan (or Sandon or Sandas) was an ancient Anatolian god associated with both war and the weather, and was known in the area of Tarsos from Hittite times (the second half of the 2nd millenium BC). The figure of Sandan on a lion first appears on the coinage of Tarsus in the 2nd century BC, but it was certainly much older. The shrine to Sandan in Tarsus existed at least until the 3rd century AD okidoki
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405a. HelenaFlavia Iulia Helena, also known as Saint Helena, Saint Helen, Helena Augusta, and Helena of Constantinople, (c.248 - c.329) was the first wife of Constantius Chlorus, and the mother of Emperor Constantine I. She is traditionally credited with finding the relics of the True Cross.
Many legends surround her. She was allegedly the daughter of an innkeeper. Her son Constantine renamed the city of Drepanum on the Gulf of Nicomedia as 'Helenopolis' in her honor, which led to later interpretions that Drepanum was her birthplace.
Constantius Chlorus divorced her (c.292) to marry the step-daughter of Maximian, Flavia Maximiana Theodora. Helena's son, Constantine, became emperor of the Roman Empire, and following his elevation she became a presence at the imperial court, and received the title Augusta.
She is considered by the Orthodox and Catholic churches as a saint, famed for her piety. Eusebius records the details of her pilgrimage to Palestine and other eastern provinces. She is traditionally credited (but not by Eusebius) with the finding of relics of the True Cross (q.v.), and finding the remains of the Three Wise Men, which currently reside in the Shrine of the Three Kings at Cologne Cathedral. Her feast day as a saint of the Orthodox Christian Church is celebrated with her son on May 21, the Feast of the Holy Great Sovereigns Constantine and Helen, Equal to the Apostles. Her feast day in the Roman Catholic Church falls on August 18.
At least 25 sacred wells currently exist in Britain that were dedicated to her. She is also the patron saint of Colchester.
Helena Follis. FL HELENA AVGVSTA, diademed and draped bust right / SECVRITAS REIPVBLICE, Securitas standing left, holding branch in right hand; PTR(crescent) in ex.ecoli
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408a. Romulus Divus Romulus, Quarter Follis. Struck late 309-312 AD. DIVO ROMVLO N V BIS C, bare head right / AETERNAE MEMORIAE, Eagle with wings spread standing right on domed shrine, MOSTQ in ex.ecoli
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42 BC L. Mussidius LongusCONCORDIA
Veiled and diad. head of Concordia right star below chin
L. MVSSIDIVS LONGVS
Shrine of Venus Cloacina consisting of circular platform, inscribed CLOACIN, surmounted by two statues of the goddess
Rome
42 BC
3.42g
Sear 494, RRC 494/42
Plated Fouree
ex-Canadian Coin
In Roman mythology, Cloacina (Latin, cloaca: "sewer" or "drain") was the goddess who presided over the Cloaca Maxima the main sewer drain in Rome. The Cloaca Maxima is traditionally said to have beeen started by one of Rome's Etruscan kings, Tarquinius Priscus. Despite her Etruscan origins, she later became identified with Venus.
Titus Tatius, who reigned with Romulus, erected a statue to Cloacina as the spirit of the "Great Drain". As well as controlling sewers, she was also a protector of sexual intercourse in marriage. The Romans believed that a good sewage system was important for the success of Rome, as a good sewer system was necessary for the physical health of Roman citizens. Additionally, Romans worshipped Cloacina as the goddess of purity. Cloacina was worshipped as an aspect of Venus at the small Shrine of Venus Cloacina, located in front of the Basilica Aemilia in the Roman Forum and directly above the Cloaca Maxima. The depiction on the reverse of this coin is that shrine.
The image of Concordia could be interpreted to convey the thought of Unity between the triumvirs to defeat Brutus and Cassius. Venus Cloacina on the reverse conveys the thought of purification for the treacherous murder of the dictator Julius Caesar by men who claimed to be his friends.Jay GT4
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494L Musidius Longus c.42 BC
AR denarius
Obv "CONCORDIA"
Veiled head of Concordia right
Rev "L MVSSIDIVS LONGVS"
Shrine of Venus Cloacina inscribed CLOACIN
Rome mint
Crawford 494/42amauseus
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57- Galerius PosthumousAE Follis, 311 AD, Thessalonica mint.
Obv: DIVO MAXIMIANO, Veiled head right.
Rev: MEM DIVI MAXIMIANI, Eagle surmounting domed shrine with closed doors, (Gamma) in right field. SMTS in exergue.
23mm , 4.9gm
RIC 48 variant, Very Rare!
Jerome Holderman
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702a, Augustus, 16 January 27 B.C. - 19 August 14 A.D.Augustus, 27 BC - 14 AD. AE 19mm (5.98 gm). Lydia, Sardeis. Diodoros Hermophilou. Obverse: head right. Reverse: Zeus Lydios standing facing holding scepter and eagle. RPC I, 489, 2986; SNG von Aulock 3142. aVF. Fine portrait. Ex Tom Vossen.
De Imperatoribus Romanis:
An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers
AUGUSTUS (31 B.C. - 14 A.D.)
Garrett G. Fagan
Pennsylvania State University
In the course of his long and spectacular career, he put an end to the advancing decay of the Republic and established a new basis for Roman government that was to stand for three centuries. This system, termed the "Principate," was far from flawless, but it provided the Roman Empire with a series of rulers who presided over the longest period of unity, peace, and prosperity that Western Europe, the Middle East and the North African seaboard have known in their entire recorded history. Even if the rulers themselves on occasion left much to be desired, the scale of Augustus's achievement in establishing the system cannot be overstated. Aside from the immense importance of Augustus's reign from the broad historical perspective, he himself is an intriguing figure: at once tolerant and implacable, ruthless and forgiving, brazen and tactful. Clearly a man of many facets, he underwent three major political reinventions in his lifetime and negotiated the stormy and dangerous seas of the last phase of the Roman Revolution with skill and foresight. With Augustus established in power and with the Principate firmly rooted, the internal machinations of the imperial household provide a fascinating glimpse into the one issue that painted this otherwise gifted organizer and politician into a corner from which he could find no easy exit: the problem of the succession.
(For a very detailed and interesting account of the Age of Augustus see: http://www.roman-emperors.org/auggie.htm)
Death and Retrospective
In his later years, Augustus withdrew more and more from the public eye, although he continued to transact public business. He was getting older, and old age in ancient times must have been considerably more debilitating than it is today. In any case, Tiberius had been installed as his successor and, by AD 13, was virtually emperor already. In AD 4 he had received grants of both proconsular and tribunician power, which had been renewed as a matter of course whenever they needed to be; in AD 13, Tiberius's imperium had been made co-extensive with that of Augustus. While traveling in Campania, Augustus died peacefully at Nola on 19 August, AD 14. Tiberius, who was en route to Illyricum, hurried to the scene and, depending on the source, arrived too late or spent a day in consultation with the dying princes. The tradition that Livia poisoned her husband is scurrilous in the extreme and most unlikely to be true. Whatever the case about these details, Imperator Caesar Augustus, Son of a God, Father of his Country, the man who had ruled the Roman world alone for almost 45 years, or over half a century if the triumviral period is included, was dead. He was accorded a magnificent funeral, buried in the mausoleum he had built in Rome, and entered the Roman pantheon as Divus Augustus. In his will, he left 1,000 sesterces apiece to the men of the Praetorian guard, 500 to the urban cohorts, and 300 to each of the legionaries. In death, as in life, Augustus acknowledged the true source of his power.
The inscription entitled "The Achievements of the Divine Augustus" (Res Gestae Divi Augustae; usually abbreviated RG) remains a remarkable piece of evidence deriving from Augustus's reign. The fullest copy of it is the bilingual Greek and Latin version carved into the walls of the Temple of Rome and Augustus at Ancyra in Galatia (for this reason the RG used to be commonly referred to as the Monumentum Ancyranum). Other evidence, however, demonstrates that the original was inscribed on two bronze pillars that flanked the entrance to the Mausoleum of Augustus in Rome. The inscription remains the only first-person summary of any Roman emperor's political career and, as such, offers invaluable insights into the Augustan regime's public presentation of itself.
In looking back on the reign of Augustus and its legacy to the Roman world, its longevity ought not to be overlooked as a key factor in its success. People had been born and reached middle age without knowing any form of government other than the Principate. Had Augustus died earlier (in 23 BC, for instance), matters may have turned out very differently. The attrition of the civil wars on the old Republican aristocracy and the longevity of Augustus, therefore, must be seen as major contributing factors in the transformation of the Roman state into a monarchy in these years. Augustus's own experience, his patience, his tact, and his great political acumen also played their part. All of these factors allowed him to put an end to the chaos of the Late Republic and re-establish the Roman state on a firm footing. He directed the future of the empire down many lasting paths, from the existence of a standing professional army stationed at or near the frontiers, to the dynastic principle so often employed in the imperial succession, to the embellishment of the capital at the emperor's expense. Augustus's ultimate legacy, however, was the peace and prosperity the empire was to enjoy for the next two centuries under the system he initiated. His memory was enshrined in the political ethos of the Imperial age as a paradigm of the good emperor; although every emperor adopted his name, Caesar Augustus, only a handful earned genuine comparison with him.
Copyright © 1999, Garrett G. Fagan.
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.
Augustus (the first Roman emperor, in whose reign Jesus Christ was born) is without any doubt one of the most important figures in Roman history.
It is reported that when he was near death, Augustus addressed those in attendance with these words, "If I have played my part well, applaud!"
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr Cleisthenes
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704a, Caligula, 16 March 37 - 24 January 41 A.D.Caligula, 37 - 41 AD, Ionia, Smyrna. AE 17mm. Klose, Smyrna 27a. RPC 2473. 2.89 gm. Fine. Menophanes, Aviola, Procos, 37-38 AD. Obverse: AION, laureate head right; Reverse: Nike holding wreath right. Ex Tom Vossen.
De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families
GAIUS (CALIGULA) (A.D. 37-41)
Garrett G. Fagan
Pennsylvania State University
Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (Caligula) was born on 31 August, A.D. 12, probably at the Julio-Claudian resort of Antium (modern Anzio), the third of six children born to Augustus's adopted grandson, Germanicus, and Augustus's granddaughter, Agrippina. Caligula was the Roman Emperor between A.D. 37-41). Unfortunately, his is the most poorly documented reign of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. The literary sources for these four years are meager, frequently anecdotal, and universally hostile.[[1]] As a result, not only are many of the events of the reign unclear, but Gaius himself appears more as a caricature than a real person, a crazed megalomaniac given to capricious cruelty. Although some headway can be made in disentangling truth from embellishment, the true character of the youthful emperor will forever elude us.
As a baby he accompanied his parents on military campaigns in the north and was shown to the troops wearing a miniature soldier's outfit, including the hob-nailed sandal called caliga, whence the nickname by which posterity remembers him. His childhood was not a happy one, spent amid an atmosphere of paranoia, suspicion, and murder. Instability within the Julio-Claudian house, generated by uncertainty over the succession, led to a series of personal tragedies.
When Tiberius died on 16 March A.D. 37, Gaius was in a perfect position to assume power, despite the obstacle of Tiberius's will, which named him and his cousin Tiberius Gemellus joint heirs. (Gemellus's life was shortened considerably by this bequest, since Gaius ordered him killed within a matter of months.) Backed by the Praetorian Prefect Q. Sutorius Macro, Gaius asserted his dominance. He had Tiberius's will declared null and void on grounds of insanity, accepted the powers of the Principate as conferred by the Senate, and entered Rome on 28 March amid scenes of wild rejoicing. His first acts were generous in spirit: he paid Tiberius's bequests and gave a cash bonus to the Praetorian Guard, the first recorded donativum to troops in imperial history.
The ancient sources are practically unanimous as to the cause of Gaius's downfall: he was insane. The writers differ as to how this condition came about, but all agree that after his good start Gaius began to behave in an openly autocratic manner, even a crazed one. The sources describe his incestuous relations with his sisters, laughable military campaigns in the north, the building of a pontoon bridge across the Bay at Baiae, and the plan to make his horse a consul. Their unanimous hostility renders their testimony suspect, especially since Gaius's reported behavior fits remarkably well with that of the ancient tyrant, a literary type enshrined in Greco-Roman tradition centuries before his reign. Further, the only eye-witness account of Gaius's behavior, Philo's Embassy to Gaius, offers little evidence of outright insanity, despite the antagonism of the author, whom Gaius treated with the utmost disrespect.
The conspiracy that ended Gaius's life was hatched among the officers of the Praetorian Guard, apparently for purely personal reasons. It appears also to have had the support of some senators and an imperial freedman. As with conspiracies in general, there are suspicions that the plot was more broad-based than the sources intimate, and it may even have enjoyed the support of the next emperor Claudius, but these propositions are not provable on available evidence. On 24 January A.D. 41 the praetorian tribune Cassius Chaerea and other guardsmen caught Gaius alone in a secluded palace corridor and cut him down. He was 28 years old and had ruled three years and ten months.
Whatever damage Tiberius's later years had done to the carefully crafted political edifice created by Augustus, Gaius multiplied it a hundredfold. When he came to power in A.D. 37 Gaius had no administrative experience beyond his honorary quaestorship, and had spent an unhappy early life far from the public eye. He appears, once in power, to have realized the boundless scope of his authority and acted accordingly. For the elite, this situation proved intolerable and ensured the blackening of Caligula's name in the historical record they would dictate. The sensational and hostile nature of that record, however, should in no way trivialize Gaius's importance. His reign highlighted an inherent weakness in the Augustan Principate, now openly revealed for what it was -- a raw monarchy in which only the self-discipline of the incumbent acted as a restraint on his behavior. That the only means of retiring the wayward princes was murder marked another important revelation: Roman emperors could not relinquish their powers without simultaneously relinquishing their lives.
Copyright © 1997, Garrett G. Fagan.
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.
Ancient Smyrna
The 5,000 year-old city of Izmir is one of the oldest cities of the Mediterranean basin. The original city was established in the third millennium BC (at present day Bayraklı), at which time it shared with Troy the most advanced culture in Anatolia.
Greek settlement is attested by the presence of pottery dating from about 1000 BC. In the first millennium BC Izmir, then known as Smyrna, ranked as one of the most important cities of the Ionian Federation. During this period, it is believed that the epic poet Homer resided here.
Lydian conquest of the city around 600 BC brought this golden age to an end. Smyrna was little more than a village throughout the Lydian and subsequent sixth century BC Persian rule. In the fourth century BC a new city was built on the slopes of Mt. Pagos (Kadifekale) during the reign of Alexander the Great. Smyrna's Roman period, beginning in the first century BC, was its second great era.
In the first century AD, Smyrna became one of the earliest centers of Christianity and it was one of the Seven Churches of Revelation. Both Revelation and the Martyrdom of Polycarp indicate the existence of a Jewish community in Smyrna as early as the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. The letter to the church at Smyrna in Revelation indicates that the Christians were spiritually "rich" and apparently in conflict with the Jews (2:9).
The origins of the Christian community there, which was established in the 1st century, are unknown. Ignatius of Antioch stopped at Smyrna on his way to martyrdom in Rome in 107 AD, and he sent a letter back to the Christians there from later in his journey. Smyrna's bishop, Polycarp, was burned at the stake in Smyrna's stadium around 156 AD.
Byzantine rule came in the fourth century and lasted until the Seljuk conquest in 11th century. In 1415, under Sultan Mehmed Çelebi, Smyrna became part of the Ottoman Empire.
The city earned its fame as one of the most important port cities of the world during the 17th to 19th centuries. The majority of its population were Greek but merchants of various origins (especially Greek, French, Italian, Dutch, Armenian, Sephardi and Jewish) transformed the city into a cosmopolitan portal of trade. During this period, the city was famous for its own brand of music (Smyrneika) as well as its wide range of products it exported to Europe (Smyrna/Sultana raisins, dried figs, carpets, etc.).
Today, Izmir is Turkey's third largest city and is nicknamed "the pearl of Aegean." It is widely regarded as the most Westernized city of Turkey in terms of values, ideology, gender roles, and lifestyle.
© 2005-08 Sacred Destinations. All rights reserved.
http://www.sacred-destinations.com/turkey/izmir-history.htm
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.Cleisthenes
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99 Romulus: Ostia follis.Follis, 309 - 312 AD, Ostia mint.
Obverse: IMP MAXENTIVS DIVO ROMVLO N V FILIO / Bust of Romulus.
Reverse: AETERNA MEMORIA / Domed hexastyle shrine, doors ajar, eagle on top.
Mint mark: MOSTP
5.87 gm., 25.5 mm.
RIC #33; PBCC #605; Sear #15045.Callimachus
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Achaea. Corinthia, Corinth. Lucius Verus AE26 Melikertes-PalaimonPeloponnesus. Corinthia, Corinth. Obv. bare-headed bust of Lucius Verus wearing cuirass, r. [IMP L AVR VERVS AVG] Rev. Melikertes-Palaimon riding on dolphin, l.; in pine wreath C L I COR.
A fragmentary Isthmian ode of Pindar portrays the founding of the Isthmian Games as a funerary celebration for Melikertes. Examination of the language in which Pindar speaks of the cults of other heroes at places where athletic contests were celebrated in their honour leads to the conclusion that Melikertes was worshipped as a hero at the Isthmian Sanctuary, at least by the time of Pindar, although no remains of a shrine to him before the Roman period have been found.ancientone
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AE Pentanummia Justin I SB 111Obverse: DN IVSTINVS PP AVG, Diad., dr. and cuir. bust r.
Reverse: The tyche of Antioch seated L., to L. reverse E, all within shrine.
Mint: Antioch
Date: 518-527 AD
Sear 111, DO 57
12mm 2.07gm
Tyche was regarded as a patron deity of luck or good fortune for many cities in ancient greece. Pentanummia under Justin I have the seated figure of the Tyche of Antioch under an Arch. Gierson notes this to be one of the rare examples of a pagen type of diety in sixth century coinage. wileyc
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AE Pentanummium Justin I SB 111Obverse: DN IVSTINVS PP AVG, Diad., dr. and cuir. bust r.
Reverse: The tyche of Antioch seated L., to L. reverse E, all within shrine.
Mint: Antioch
Date: 518-527 AD
Sear 111, DO 57
10mm 1.99gm
Tyche was regarded as a patron deity of luck or good fortune for many cities in ancient greece. Pentanummia under Justin I have the seated figure of the Tyche of Antioch under an Arch. Gierson notes this to be one of the rare examples of a pagen type of diety in sixth century coinage. wileyc
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Antiochia ad Orontem; VolusianSYRIA, Seleucis and Pieria. Antioch. Volusian. AD 251-253. Æ 29mm Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right / Tetrastyle temple of Tyche of Antioch, river-god Orontes swimming at her feet; above shrine, ram leaping right, head left; D-E above. BMC Galatia etc. p. 231, 665; SNG Copenhagen 295; SNG München 790.ecoli
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Antiochos I Soter, AE 15, Apollo on omphalosAntiochos I Soter - Apollo on omphalos. Antioch Mint, 280-261 BCE. Size and weight: 15mm, 3.86g.
Obverse: Head of Antiochos I right with elderly features.
Reverse: Nude Apollo seated left on omphalos, holding arrows in left hand, resting right hand on bow. Monograms to left and right.
BAΣIΛEΩΣ ANTIOXOY
Reference: Sear GCV 6878. A coin of the Seleukid kingdom with a black patina. On the reverse, Apollo is seated on the Omphalos, a mystical stone said to be at the navel of the world, in his famous shrine at Delphi. Apollo was famed for his skill with his silver bow and, among other attributes, was a god of archery. Ex MoremothPodiceps
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Antoninus Pius Antoninus Pius Sestertius temple of Augustus and Livia
Catalog: Temple of Divus Augustus
weight 28,6gr. | bronze Ø 32mm.
obv. Laureate head right ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P XXII
rev. Octastyle temple of Divus Augustus, containing cult-statues of Augustus
and Livia TEMPLVM DIVI AVG REST COS IIII S C
The Temple of Divus Augustus was a major temple originally built to commemorate the deified first Roman emperor, Augustus. It was built between the Palatine and Capitoline Hills, behind the Basilica Julia, on the site of the house that Augustus had inhabited before he entered public life in the mid-1st century BC. The temple′s construction took place during the 1st century AD, having been vowed by the Roman Senate shortly after the death of the emperor in AD 14. It is known from Roman coinage that the temple was originally built to an Ionic hexastyle design. However, its size, physical proportions and exact site are unknown. During the reign of Domitian the Temple of Divus Augustus was destroyed by fire but was rebuilt and rededicated in 89/90 with a shrine to his favourite deity, Minerva. The temple was redesigned as a memorial to four deified emperors, including Vespasian and Titus. It was restored again in the mid 150s by Antonius Pius, and that was the reason for this coinage. The last known reference to the temple was on 27 May 218 | at some point thereafter it was completely destroyed and its stones were presumably quarried for later buildings. Its remains are not visible and the area in which it lay has never been excavated.
Cohen 805 | RIC 1004 | BMC 2063 | Sear 4235 R
vfAncient Aussie
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Antoninus Pius - AE dupondiusRome
157-158 AD
radiate head right
ANTONINVS AVG__PIVS P P TR P XXI
distyle shrine with arched roof containing statue of the Genius of the Senate, togate, raising hand, holding eagle-tipped scepter, standing on pedestal
COS__IIII
S C
RIC 989
13,04g 24mmJ. B.
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Antoninus Pius 138 - 161 AD aw. ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P XXII
Head of Antoninus Pius, laureate, right
rew. COS IIII
Tetrastyle shrine with semi-circular arch, in which male figure stands on low base, left
Ric 285
mint Rome , circa 158-159 ADWaldemar S
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Antoninus Pius, 138 - 161 ADObv: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TRP XXII, laureate head of Antoninus Pius facing right.
Rev: COS IIII, distyle shrine with an ornate arched roof, containing a statue of the Genius of the Senate standing left on a low base.
Silver Denarius, Rome mint, 158 - 159 AD
3.27 grams, 19 mm, 180°
RIC III 285, RSC 331, S4077, VM 18/19Matt Inglima
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Antoninus Pius, AR Denarius, Shrine, RIC III 441Antoninus Pius
Augustus, 138 – 161 A.D.
Coin: AR Denarius
Obverse: DIVVS-ANTONINVS, Bare-headed bust facing right.
Reverse: DIVO-PIO, Large Shrine, with the doors closed.
Weight: 2.61 g, Diameter: 16.5 x 17 x 1.5 mm, Die axis: 330°, Mint: Rome, struck in 162 A.D., issued during the reign of Marcus Aurelius, Reference: RIC III 441 Constantine IV
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Antoninus Pius, RIC 999, Sestertius of AD 158-159 (Statue in tetrastyle shrine) Æ sestertius (22.5g, Ø30mm, 12h), Rome mint, struck AD 158-159.
Obv.: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P XXII , laureate head of Antoninus Pius facing right.
Rev.: COS IIII (around) S C (in field), statue holding a branch and a standard standing on a short column in terastyle shrine.
RIC 999 (S); BMC 2053-57; Cohen 332; Foss (RHC) 132:87
found in Louth (Lines, UK).
According to Foss (Roman Historic Coins), this coin was issued at the twentieth anniversary of the reign when a statue of Antoninus Pius was dedicated. Jencek on the other hand argues that the statue is not the emperor but the Genius of the Senate, honoured by a ciborium or aedicula, a four columned open structure with a highly ornamented dome. This issue thus could perhaps commemorate the 900th anniversary of the Roman Senate, 10 years after the foundation of Rome.
(I'm looking for a more attractive example!)
Charles S
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Arabia Petraea, Petra. Septimius Severus. AE22Obv: Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Septimius Severus right.
Rev: Tyche seated left on rocks, extending hand with stele and holding trophy, within distyle shrine.ancientone
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Asia Minor, Mysia, RPC, Pergamon, Commodus, Telesphorus Commodus
Pergamon, Mysia, 175–177
Obv.: Λ ΑΥΡ ΑΙΛ ΚΟΜΜΟΔΟΣ, head of Commodus
Rev.: ΠΕΡΓΑΜΗΝΩΝ, shrine enclosing statue of Telesphorus
Ae, 21mm, 3.83g
Ref.: BMC 302 (same dies), Weisser 1080
Ex Hauck & Aufhäusershanxi
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Augustus, AE Quadrans, Rome, 9 BCAugustua, AE Quadrans, Rome, 9 BC
Obv: MESSALLA SISENNA III VIR, around garlanded shrine
Rev.: GALVS APRONIVS AAAFF, around SC.
RIC I 458
Diameter: 16mm.
Weight: 2,7g.Jose Polanco
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B 002 Justin I. (518-527 A.D.), SB 0111, Э/-//--, AE-Pentanummia, Antioch, Tyche of Antioch, turreted, seated left,B 002 Justin I. (518-527 A.D.), SB 0111, Э/-//--, AE-Pentanummia, Antioch, Tyche of Antioch, turreted, seated left,
avers: D N IVSTI NVS P P AVG (Incomplete), Pearl-diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right.
reverse: Tyche of Antioch, turreted, seated left within columned shrine with half submerged figure of river-god Orontes swimming at her feet; retrograde epsilon to left.
exergue: Э/-//--, diameter: 11-11,5mm, weight: 1,78g, axis: 3h,
mint: Antioch, date: A.D., ref: SB 0111, p-51, DOC 57,
Q-001quadrans
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BCC RGP52 Gallienus Ake-Ptolemais (Akko)Roman Provincial
Ake-Ptolemais (Akko)
Gallienus 253-268 CE
Obv:IMP CAES LIC GALLIENVS
AVG Laureate head right.
Rev: COL PTOL (COL P / TOL)
Portable shrine containing statue
of deity (Zeus/Kronos?), standing
facing on a dome-shaped stone.
In right hand, Double Axe, in
left hand, Harpe?
AE26mm. 13.17gm. Axis:30
References: BMC 50v. (no "P"),
Kadman 256v., Rosenberger 86v.
(undraped head right). Surface
find, Caesarea Maritima, 1977v-drome
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bmc---3xbmc69Elagabalus
Edessa, Mesopotamia
Obv: AVT KAIC ANTW, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust left.
Rev: Confronted busts of two Tyches; square baetyl within shrine, between the busts.
18 mm, 4.63 gms
BMC---, Babelon/Kurth ---Charles M
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bmc69Elagabalus
Edessa, Mesopotamia
Obv: ...ANTΩNЄINOC, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust left, holding shield in left hand and spear over right shoulder with right hand.
Rev: ...M ЄΔЄCCA, confronted busts of two Tyches; square baetyl within shrine, between the busts.
22 mm, 6.00 gms
BMC 69, Babelon/Kurth 50-51.Charles M
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bmcxxxElagabalus (or Caracalla)
Tripolis, Phoenicia
Obv: AV K M AVP ANTⲰNINOC, laureate head right.
Rev: TPIΠO-ΛITωN, draped and turreted bust of Astarte right, within distyle, arched shrine.
17 mm, 5.00 gms
BMC Phoenicia -; Coll. Weber -; SNG ANS -; McClean Coll. -; Mionnet -; Babelon -; SNG BnF -. Savoca Numismatik , 35th Silver Auction, Lot 315Charles M
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Byzantine Empire: Justin I & Justinian I (527) Æ Pentanummium, Antioch (Sear 133; DOC 17; MIBE 13)Obv: +D N D N IVSTINVS ЄT IVSTINIANVS P P A; Diademed, draped, and cuirassed busts of Justin and Justinian facing
Rev: Tyche of Antioch seated left, head facing; river-god Orontes swimming to right below; Э to left; all within distyle shrineQuant.Geek
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Byzantine Empire: Justin I (518-527 CE) Æ Pentanummium, Antioch (Sear 111; DOC 57)Obv: DN IVSTINVS PP AV; diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right
Rev: Tyche of Antioch, turreted, seated left within columned shrine with half submerged figure of river-god Orontes swimming at her feet, retrograde Є to left
Quant.Geek
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Byzantine Empire: Justin I (518-527) Æ Pentanummium, Antioch (Sear 111; DOC 57)Obv: DN IVSTINVS PP AVG; Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust of Justin I to right
Rev: Tyche of Antioch, turreted, seated left within columned shrine with half submerged figure of river-god Orontes swimming at her feet, retrograde Є to left
Dim: 11 mm, 1.85 g, 7 h
Quant.Geek
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Byzantine Empire: Justinian I (527-565) Æ Pentanummium, Theoupolis/Antioch (Sear 240; DOC 205; MIBE 140)Obv: D N IVSTINIANVS P P AVG; Diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Justinian I to right
Rev: Tyche of Antioch seated left within shrine; to left, retrograde Є
Dim: 12 mm, 2.10 g, 6 h
Quant.Geek
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Byzantine Empire: Justinian I, AE Pentanummium. Antioch 527-565 A.D. 1.69g - 12.5mm, Axis 3h.
Obv: DN IVSTINIANVS PP AVG - Pearl diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right.
Rev: Tyche of Antioch seated left, retrograde Epsilon to left, all within shrine.
Ref: SB 240; DOC 205.
Provenance: Chris Scarlioli Collection.Christian Scarlioli
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Byzantine Empire: Justinian I, AE Pentanummium.Antioch 527-565 A.D. 1.69g - 12.5mm, Axis 3h.
Obv: DN IVSTINIANVS PP AVG - Pearl diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right.
Rev: Tyche of Antioch seated left, retrograde Epsilon to left, all within shrine.
Ref: SB 240; DOC 205.
Provenance: Chris Scarlioli CollectionChristian Scarlioli
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C. Sulpicius C.f. (Galba) - AR denarius serratus³moneyer probably not belonged to the patrician Galba family but to a Plebeian branch
³Sardinia or Massalia region / ¹Rome
²103 BC / ¹106 BC
2 jugate laureate heads of Dii Penates Publici left
D · P · P
Two soldiers (or Dii Penas Publici) standing facing each other, holding spears and pointing at sow which lies between them
C
C·SV(LP)ICI·C·F
¹Crawford 312/1, RSC I Sulpicia 1, SRCV I 189, Sydenham 572
²Mark Passehl - Roman moneyer & coin type chronology, 150 – 50 BC
³Mark Passehl
3,96g 18mm
ex Aurea numismatika
The Sulpicii came from Lavinium and both sides of coin are related to it.
Di Penates Publici were taken from Troy together with Palladium by Aeneas. When Aeneas fled from Troy Helenus, a son of Priamos, has predicted Aeneas, that he would built a new city where a white sow would cast 30 piglets. Aeneas prepared to sacrifice a pregnant white sow he has brought in his ship for this purpose, but the sow escaped and fled 24 stadiums in the inland, layed down under an oak-tree (or ilex-tree) and casted 30 white piglets. Because of that Aeneas knew that this prophecy too became true and he should built a city here. He sacrificed the 30 piglets and erected a shrine at this place. The new city he called Lavinium referring to Lavinia, daughter of king Latinus. The 30 piglets represented 30 years only after which his successors became the real owners of the new land.
At the same time story of white sow predicts foundation of another town:
River god Tiber speak to Aeneas in a dream:
"....
A sow beneath an oak shall lie along,
All white herself, and white her thirty young.
When thirty rolling years have run their race,
Thy son Ascanius, on this empty space,
Shall build a royal town, of lasting fame,
Which from this omen shall receive the name.
..."
Alba Longa was founded just 30 years after Lavinium and so the prophecy was fulfilled here too. The name Alba Longa is said to be derived from the white sow (meaning the long white). So Lavinium was the mothertown of Alba Longa and finely of Rome itself. On the Forum of Lavinium stood a bronze statue of the sow, its body was conserved by the priests in pickle.
(Jochen's coins of mythological interests)J. B.
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Caracalla - RhesaenaAR tetradrachm
215-217 AD
radiate, draped and cuirassed head right from behind
AVT KAI__ANTΩNEINOC CEB
eagle facing, head right, wreath in beak, shrine below
ΔHMAPX EΞ VΠATOC TO Δ
Prieur 877 (3 examples)
13,2g 23,5mm
ex DionysosJ. B.
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CIRCUS MAXIMUS, TrajanÆ Sestertius (24.27g, Ø32.95mm, 5h). Rome mint. Struck AD 103-104.
Obv.: IMP CAES NERVAE TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS V P P laureate bust of Trajan right with aegis.
Rev.: SPQR OPTIMO PRINCIPI around, S C in ex., bird's-eys view on the Circus Maximus in Rome, as seen from the Forum Boarium, showing portico in foreground with eleven arched entrances and monumental gate surmounted by quadriga on right, two additional arches, each surmounted by quadriga behind the portico at both ends, the central spina adorned with tall obelisk of Rameses II at center flanked by equestrian statue of Trajan on left and shrine of Cybele on right , the two metae (turning posts) placed at the extremities; at the far side of the Circus, a curved wall incorporating a tetra-style shrine of Sol.
RIC 571 [R] and pl. x, 187 (rev. only); Cohen 546 (Fr.60); Strack 391; BMC 856; Banti 275 (4 spec.); MIR 175c and pl. 28 (citing 20 examples of this variety; same obv. die as plate 175c1; same rev. die as 175a3); RCV 3208 var. (different bust type).
ex G. Henzen (Netherlands, 2000)
The reverse of this sestertius commemorates the completion in AD 103 of a major restoration of the Circus Maximus, following a great fire that had severely damaged the famous arena in the time of the Flavian emperors. The origin of the Circus Maximus, situated in the Murcia valley between the Palatine and Aventine hills, is quite obscure. An enclosure for chariot racing, it had parallel sides and one semicircular end, all fitted with seats for spectators, and an axial rib (spina) marked at each end by turning-posts (metae) dividing the arena into two runs. At the open end were the curved stables (carceres) sufficient to accommodate twelve teams of horses. Traditionally founded by King Tarquinius Priscus, it does not seem to have become a permanent structure until 329 BC (Livy viii. 20.1). In later times, it was much embellished, notably by Augustus who erected on the spina the great Egyptian obelisk of Rameses II from Heliopolis (it now stands in the Piazza del Populo). The vast arena was frequently damaged by the fires that afflicted the imperial capital; on several occasions, there was loss of life when structural failure occurred under the weight of the huge crowds that attended the events. Trajan was himself an ardent fan of the Circus so it is scarcely surprising that he took on the task of restoring the arena. The present specimen is a good example of the rare issue that commemorated the completion of this undertaking. More than a century later (AD 213), the Emperor Caracalla issued a similar type to record his own restoration work on the Circus Maximus. The last recorded games in this celebrated arena took place under the Ostrogothic king Totila in AD 550.
Charles S
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Commodus RIC III, 152Commodus, AD 177-192
AR - denar, 18.03mm, 2.76g, 0°
Rome, AD 186/187
obv. M COMM ANT P - FEL AVG BRIT
Laureate head r.
rev. IOV EXSVP PM TRP - XIII IMP VIII
in ex. COS V PP
Jupiter Exsuperator in himation std. l., resting with raised l. hand on sceptre and holding in outstretched
r. hand branch
ref. RIC III, 152; C. 242; BMCR 213
scarce, about VF
RIC III, p. 359: "In this year falls the reform of the calendar of Commodus, who renamed some of the months. Hence come the type of Janus in a shrine and of Jupiter Exsuperator with the branch of peace: 'Exsuperator' was the name for the month December."
Jupiter Exsuperator was the highest god in Commodus' scala of gods. The beginning of a kind of henotheism (Chantraine,1975)
Jochen
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Crawford 494/42, ROMAN IMPERATORIAL, L. Mussidius Longus AR DenariusRome, The Republic.
L. Mussidius Longus, 42 BCE.
AR Denarius (3.85g; 19mm; 3h).
Rome Mint.
Obverse: CONCORDIA; Veiled head of Concordia facing right; crescent beneath chin.
Reverse: L•MVSSIDIVS•LONGVS; Shrine of Venus Cloacina with two statues, inscribed CLOACIN.
References: Crawford 494/42c; HCRI 188b; Sydenham 1093b; BMCRR 4246; Mussidia 6.
Provenance: Ex Peter J. Merani Collection [Triton XXIV]; H.J.Berk BBS 201 (13 Jul 2017), lot 163; H.J. Berk BBS 166 (15 Oct 2009), lot 280; Eton College Collection [Sotheby's (1 Dec 1976), lot 409].
Nothing is known of the Mussidia gens except for the coins of L. Mussidius Longus. The reverse depicts the open air, circular shrine of Venus Cloacina containing two statues and a balustrade. Remains of the shrine survive in the Roman Forum today. In antiquity, the shrine was located near Rome’s main sewer outlet, the Cloaca Maxima, and reflected the importance of Rome’s sewer system to the health and well being of the City. Sear interprets the reverse as an allusion to purification needed after Caesar’s assassination.
Carausius
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Crispus ALAMANNIA DEVICTA SirmiumThe Alamanni were continually engaged in conflicts with the Roman Empire. They launched a major invasion of Gaul and northern Italy in 268, when the Romans were forced to denude much of their German frontier of troops in response to a massive invasion of the Goths. Their depredations in the three parts of Gaul remained traumatic: Gregory of Tours (died ca 594) mentions their destructive force at the time of Valerian and Gallienus (253–260), when the Alemanni assembled under their "king", whom he calls Chrocus, "by the advice, it is said, of his wicked mother, and overran the whole of the Gauls, and destroyed from their foundations all the temples which had been built in ancient times. And coming to Clermont he set on fire, overthrew and destroyed that shrine which they call Vasso Galatae in the Gallic tongue," martyring many Christians (Historia Francorum Book I.32–34). Thus 6th century Gallo-Romans of Gregory's class, surrounded by the ruins of Roman temples and public buildings, attributed the destruction they saw to the plundering raids of the Alemanni.
In the early summer of 268, the Emperor Gallienus halted their advance in Italy, but then had to deal with the Goths. When the Gothic campaign ended in Roman victory at the Battle of Naissus in September, Gallienus' successor Claudius II Gothicus turned north to deal with the Alamanni, who were swarming over all Italy north of the Po River.
After efforts to secure a peaceful withdrawal failed, Claudius forced the Alamanni to battle at the Battle of Lake Benacus in November. The Alamanni were routed, forced back into Germany, and did not threaten Roman territory for many years afterwards.
Their most famous battle against Rome took place in Argentoratum (Strasbourg), in 357, where they were defeated by Julian, later Emperor of Rome, and their king Chnodomar ("Chonodomarius") was taken prisoner.
On January 2, 366 the Alamanni crossed the frozen Rhine in large numbers, to invade the Gallic provinces.
In the great mixed invasion of 406, the Alamanni appear to have crossed the Rhine river, conquered and then settled what is today Alsace and a large part of Switzerland. Fredegar's Chronicle gives an account. At Alba Augusta (Aps) the devastation was so complete, that the Christian bishopric was removed to Viviers, but Gregory's account that at Mende in Lozère, also deep in the heart of Gaul, bishop Privatus was forced to sacrifice to idols in the very cave where he was later venerated may be a generic literary trope epitomizing the horrors of barbarian violence.
Sirmium RIC 49
Crispus AE3. 324-325 AD. FL IVL CRISPVS NOB CAES, laureate head right / ALAMANNIA DEVICTA, Victory advancing right, holding trophy & palm, treading upon bound captive on right, .SIRM. in ex.
need new picecoli
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Divus GaleriusDivus Galerius
A.D. 311, 23x25mm 4.5gm
DIVO MAXIMIANO; veiled head right.
MEM DIVI M-AXIMIANI; Eagle surmounting domed shrine with closed doors. B in right field.
In ex. •SM•TS•
RIC VI Thessalonica 48
Posthumous issue struck under LiciniusAncient Aussie
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Domitian (Augustus) Coin: Brass SestertiusIMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM COS XI CENS POT P P - Bust of Domitian, laureate, right with aegis
S C - Domitian standing left sacrificing out of patera over lighted altar in front of distyle shrine enclosing statue of Minerva
Exergue:
Mint: Rome (85 AD)
Wt./Size/Axis: 23.79g / 35mm / 6h
Rarity: Scarce
References:
RIC II, part I (second edition) Domitian 355
Cohen : 491
Provenances:
Numisaisne
Acquisition/Sale: Numisaisne Internet Website $0.00 08/18
Notes: Feb 8, 19 - The Gary R. Wilson CollectionGRWilson
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EB0566 Gallus and Volusian / portable shrineTrebonianus Gallus and Volusian, AE 33 of Antioch, Syria 251-253 AD.
Obv: ΑΥΤΟΚ Κ Γ ΟΥΙΒ ΤΡƐΒ ΓΑΛΛΟϹ ΚΑΙ Ο[ΥΟΛΟΥϹϹΙΑ]ΝΟϹ ϹƐΒ, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Gallus, r., seen from rear, facing radiate, draped and cuirassed bust of Volusian, l., seen from front.
Rev: ΑΝΤΙΟΧƐΩΝ ΜΗΤΡΟ ΚΟΛΩΝ, Δ Ɛ above, SC in exergue, portable shrine with four columns enclosing statue of Tyche seated, facing, with river god (Orontes) facing, at her feet; above, ram running r.; carry-bars at the base of the shrine.
References: RIC IX 1853.
Diameter: 33mm, Weight: 22.495 grams.EB
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Egypt, Alexandria, 032 Hadrianus (117-138 A.D.), RPC III 5881, AE-Drachm, L I H//--, Osiris and Isis, #1Egypt, Alexandria, 032 Hadrianus (117-138 A.D.), RPC III 5881, AE-Drachm, L I H//--, Osiris and Isis, #1
avers: AΥT KAIC TPAIAN AΔPIANOC CEB, Laureate draped and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: Canopic jars of Osiris and Isis within the shrine, uraeus crown in pediment, L I H, in between.
exergue: L I H//--, diameter: mm, weight: g, axis: h,
mint: Egypt, Alexandria, date: 133-134 A.D., Year (IH)18.,
ref:
RPC III 5881,
Emmet -IH,
Milne 1418-1422,
Geissen-1107-1108,
Dattari-1661-1662,
Kampmann-Ganschow 032.590,
BMC 0779-0780,
Q-001quadrans
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Elagabalus Zeus Hagios TempleElagabalus Æ 26mm of Phoenicia, Tripolis, 218 - 222 AD
OBV: Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / Tetrastyle shrine of Zeus Hagios, with central altar flanked by statues of Sol and Luna.
REV: Tetrastyle shrine of Zeus Hagios, with central altar flanked by statues of Sol and Luna.
BMC Phoenicia pg. 222, 110; Lindgren I 2355
RARESRukke
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Elagabalus, SNG München 946-50Laodicea ad Mare mint, Elagabalus, A.D. AE, 17.5mm 5.37g, SNG München 946-50
O: IMP CM AVR AN TONINVS AVG, laureate head r.
R: LADI CEON DE, turreted bust of Tyche in two column shrine (Naiskos)
casata137ec
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GORDIAN III. DEULTUM THRACEGordian III AE23 of Deultum, Thrace. IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG, radiate draped bust right / COL F L PAC DEVLTVM, diagonal view of front & side of shrine with peaked roof, Unpublished in standard references, RPC VII.2, — (unassigned; ID 73803) this coin.Ancient Aussie
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Hekate TriformisJulia Soaemias -- AE20 from Mastaura (Lydia).
Hekate Triformis, was a goddess from Asia minor. Her main holy shrine was in Lagina. The Triformis created by Alkamenes, end of 5. century. Her companion a dog. featherz
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Ionia, Smyrna, quasi-autonomous, BMC 67Smyrna, quasi-autonomous, 2nd-1st century BC
AE 21, 8.83g
struck under the magistrates Xarizenos and Trikkas
obv. Head of Apollo, laureate, r.
rev. SMYRNAIWN - XARIZENOS / TRIKKAS
The poet Homer, wearing himation, std. l., holding role in l. hand, r. hand raised
BMC Ionia, 243, 67; SNG Copenhagen 1124 var.
VF, nice dark-green patina, traces of ancient smoothing on rev., rare in this condition
Pedigree:
ex CNG auction 77, 24. Sept. 1997, lot 37
Strabo mentioned specifically this issue of bronze coinage from Smyrna when, discussing this city, he says "there is also a library; and the 'Homereum', a quadrangular portico containing a shrine and a wooden statue of Homer; for the Smyrnaeans also lay especial claim to the poet and indeed a bronze coin of theirs is called Homereum. (Strabo, Geographica XIV, I.37, transl. by H.C.Jones, The Geography of Strabo, VI [Loeb, 1960], pp.245-247)
Jochen
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IranKm1142 - 50 Dinars - 1937 (SH1316)
Km1171a - 1 Rial - 1971 (SH1350)
Km1144 - 2 Rial - 1944 (SH1323)
Km1267 - 100 Rials - 2004 – Imam Reza Shrine
Km1268 - 250 Rials - 2003 (SH1383) - stylized flower
Km1269 - 500 Rials - 2004
Daniel F
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Japan1 Yen (1944) Wor:P-54a
(Takeuchi Sukune; Ube Shrine)Daniel F
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