Image search results - "pine" |
Divus Victorinus. Died A.D. 271. Æ antoninianus (21 mm, 2.99 g, 12 h). Colonia Agrippinensis, under Tetricus I, late A.D. 271. [DI]VO VICTORINO PIO, radiate and cuirassed bust of Victorinus right / CONSA[C]RATIO, eagle standing right on globe, head left, holding wreath in beak. Cf. RIC 85 (bust); cf. Mairat 416 (bust); AGK 1b. Brown patina with a few hard green depositsQuant.Geek
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2 Augustus IrippoAUGUSTUS
Æ Semis of Irippo, Spain, 27 BC - 14 AD
IRIPPO, Bare head of Augustus right within wreath / Female figure seated left, holding pine-cone and cornucopia; all within wreath.
RPC 55; SNG Cop. 152-4. VF, green patina
RI0010Sosius
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Gallic 3 Marius, May - August or September 269 A.D.Bronze antoninianus, Schulzki AGK 8a, Mairat 238, SRCV III 11123, RIC V 17, aEF, rev a bit weak, 2.822g, 19.5mm, 180o, Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) mint, 2nd emission; obverse IMP C M AVR MARIVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right; reverse VICT-O-R-IA AVG, Victory standing left, wreath in right, palm frond in left; nice portrait, nice dark sea-green patina, slightly irregular flan; scarce
Purchased from FORVMSosius
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Mark Antony and LepidusThe Triumvirs. Mark Antony and Lepidus, 43 B.C. AR quinarius
Military mint traveling with Antony and Lepidus in Transalpine Gaul, 43 B.C.
O: M ANT IMP, emblems of the augurate: lituus, capis, and raven standing left.
R: LEP IMP, emblems of the pontificate: simpulum, aspergillum, securis, and apex.
-Crawford 489/3; CRI 120; Sydenham 1158a; RSC 3.Nemonater
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JAPAN, Imperial. Meiji Era.1868-1912
AV Ni Bu (13mm, 2.60 g, 12 h)
Edo mint. Struck 1868-1869
Two paulownia flowers; Ni Bu flanking
Mitsusugu
Hartill, Japanese 8.32b; JNDA 09-29
Acquired in the Philippines theater during World War Two.Ardatirion
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PHILIPPINES, Insular Government. 1901-1935.
Proof CU Half Centavo (18mm, 2.63 g, 6h)
Philadelphia mint. Dated 1903.
· UNITED STATES OF AMERICA · 1903
Eagle standing facing atop shield, head left, with wings spread, clutching a palm branch and bundle of arrows
HALF CENTAVO FILIPINAS
Male figure seated against anvil, resting hammer; in distance, Mt. Mayon
Allen 1.01; cf. Basso 110 (for business strike)
Ex Cookie Jar Collectibles MBS X (31 July 2007), lot 270Ardatirion
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S.1151 Aethelred II (long cross penny, Winchester)Aethelred II, king of the English (978-1013 and 1014-1016)
Long cross penny (moneyer: Godwine, mint: Canterbury, 997-1003)
A/ +ΛEDELRED REX ΛNGLO (AE and NG ligated) around central circle enclosing draped bust left
R/ +GODE-PINE-MΩO-CΛENT (NE and ΛE ligated) ; long voided cross with terminal lunettes
silver, 1.65 g, diameter 19 mm, die axis 1h
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"As de Nîmes" or "crocodile" Ӕ dupondius of Nemausus (9 - 3 BC), honoring Augustus and AgrippaIMP DIVI F , Heads of Agrippa (left) and Augustus (right) back to back, Agrippa wearing rostral crown and Augustus the oak-wreath / COL NEM, crocodile right chained to palm-shoot with short dense fronds and tip right; two short palm offshoots left and right below, above on left a wreath with two long ties streaming right.
Ó”, 24.5 x 3+ mm, 13.23g, die axis 3h; on both sides there are remains of what appears to be gold plating, perhaps it was a votive offering? Rough edges and slight scrapes on flan typical for this kind of coin, due to primitive technology (filing) of flan preparation.
IMPerator DIVI Filius. Mint of COLonia NEMausus (currently Nîmes, France). Known as "As de Nîmes", it is actually a dupontius (lit. "two-pounder") = 2 ases (sometimes cut in halves to get change). Dupondii were often made out of a golden-colored copper alloy (type of brass) "orichalcum" and this appears to be such case.
Key ID points: oak-wreath (microphotography shows that at least one leaf has a complicated shape, although distinguishing oak from laurel is very difficult) – earlier versions have Augustus bareheaded, no PP on obverse as in later versions, no NE ligature, palm with short fronds with tip right (later versions have tip left and sometimes long fronds). Not typical: no clear laurel wreath together with the rostral crown, gold (?) plating (!), both features really baffling.
But still clearly a "middle" kind of the croc dupondius, known as "type III": RIC I 158, RPC I 524, Sear 1730. It is often conservatively dated to 10 BC - 10 AD, but these days it is usually narrowed to 9/8 - 3 BC.
It is a commemorative issue, honoring the victory over Mark Antony and conquest of Egypt in 30 BC. The heads of Augustus and Agrippa were probably positioned to remind familiar obverses of Roman republican coins with two-faced Janus. Palm branch was a common symbol of victory, in this case grown into a tree, like the victories of Augustus and Agrippa grown into the empire. The two offshoots at the bottom may mean two sons of Agrippa, Gaius and Lucius, who were supposed to be Augustus' heirs and were patrons of the colony. Palm may also be a symbol of the local Nemausian deity, which was probably worshiped in a sacred grove. When these coins were minted, the colony was mostly populated by the settled veterans of Augustus' campaigns, hence the reminiscence of the most famous victory, but some of the original Celtic culture probably survived and was assimilated by Romans. The crocodile is not only the symbol of Egypt, like in the famous Octavian's coins AEGYPTO CAPTA. It is also a representation of Mark Antony, powerful and scary both in water and on land, but a bit slow and stupid. The shape of the crocodile with tail up was specifically chosen to remind of the shape of ship on very common "legionary" denarius series, which Mark Antony minted to pay his armies just before Actium. It is probably also related to the popular contemporary caricature of Cleopatra, riding on and simultaneously copulating with a crocodile, holding a palm branch in her hand as if in triumph. There the crocodile also symbolized Mark Antony.
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa was born c. 64-62 BC somewhere in rural Italy. His family was of humble and plebeian origins, but rich, of equestrian rank. Agrippa was about the same age as Octavian, and the two were educated together and became close friends. He probably first served in Caesar's Spanish campaign of 46–45 BC. Caesar regarded him highly enough to send him with Octavius in 45 BC to train in Illyria. When Octavian returned to Rome after Caesar's assassination, Agrippa became his close lieutenant, performing many tasks. He probably started his political career in 43 BC as a tribune of the people and then a member of the Senate. Then he was one of the leading Octavian's generals, finally becoming THE leading general and admiral in the civil wars of the subsequent years.
In 38 as a governor of Transalpine Gaul Agrippa undertook an expedition to Germania, thus becoming the first Roman general since Julius Caesar to cross the Rhine. During this foray he helped the Germanic tribe of Ubii (who previously allied themselves with Caesar in 55 BC) to resettle on the west bank of the Rhine. A shrine was dedicated there, possibly to Divus Caesar whom Ubii fondly remembered, and the village became known as Ara Ubiorum, "Altar of Ubians". This quickly would become an important Roman settlement. Agrippina the Younger, Agrippa's granddaughter, wife of Emperor Claudius and mother of Emperor Nero, would be born there in 15 AD. In 50 AD she would sponsor this village to be upgraded to a colonia, and it would be renamed Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (colony of Claudius [at] the Altar of Agrippinians – Ubii renamed themselves as Agrippinians to honor the augusta!), abbreviated as CCAA, later to become the capital of new Roman province, Germania Inferior.
In 37 BC Octavian recalled Agrippa back to Rome and arranged for him to win the consular elections, he desperately needed help in naval warfare with Sextus Pompey, the youngest son of Pompey the Great, who styled himself as the last supporter of the republican cause, but in reality became a pirate king, an irony since his father was the one who virtually exterminated piracy in all the Roman waters. He forced humiliating armistice on the triumvirs in 39 BC and when Octavian renewed the hostilities a year later, defeated him in a decisive naval battle of Messina. New fleet had to be built and trained, and Agrippa was the man for the job. Agrippa's solution was creating a huge secret naval base he called Portus Iulius by connecting together lakes Avernus, Avernus and the natural inner and outer harbors behind Cape Misenum at the northern end of the Gulf of Naples. He also created a larger type of ship and developed a new naval weapon: harpax – a ballista-launched grapnel shot with mechanisms that allowed pulling enemy ships close for easy boarding. It replaced the previous boarding device that Romans used since the First Punic War, corvus – effective, but extremely cumbersome. A later defence against it were scythe blades on long poles for cutting ropes, but since this invention was developed in secret, the enemy had no chance to prepare anything like it. It all has proved extremely effective: in a series of naval engagements Agrippa annihilated the fleet of Sextus, forced him to abandon his bases and run away. For this Agrippa was awarded an unprecedented honour that no Roman before or after him received: a rostral crown, "corona rostrata", a wreath decorated in front by a prow and beak of a ship.
That's why Virgil (Aeneid VIII, 683-684), describing Agrippa at Actium, says: "…belli insigne superbum, tempora navali fulgent rostrata corona." "…the proud military decoration, gleams on his brow the naval rostral crown". Actium, the decisive battle between forces of Octavian and Mark Antony, may appear boring compared to the war with Sextus, but it probably turned out this way due to Agrippa's victories in preliminary naval engagements and taking over all the strategy from Octavian.
In between the wars Agrippa has shown an unusual talent in city planning, not only constructing many new public buildings etc., but also greatly improving Rome's sanitation by doing a complete overhaul of all the aqueducts and sewers. Typically, it was Augustus who later would boast that "he had found the city of brick but left it of marble", forgetting that, just like in his naval successes, it was Agrippa who did most of the work. Agrippa had building programs in other Roman cities as well, a magnificent temple (currently known as Maison Carrée) survives in Nîmes itself, which was probably built by Agrippa.
Later relationship between Augustus and Agrippa seemed colder for a while, Agrippa seemed to even go into "exile", but modern historians agree that it was just a ploy: Augustus wanted others to think that Agrippa was his "rival" while in truth he was keeping a significant army far away from Rome, ready to come to the rescue in case Augustus' political machinations fail. It is confirmed by the fact that later Agrippa was recalled and given authority almost equal to Augustus himself, not to mention that he married Augustus' only biological child. The last years of Agrippa's life were spent governing the eastern provinces, were he won respect even of the Jews. He also restored Crimea to Roman Empire. His last service was starting the conquest of the upper Danube, were later the province of Pannonia would be. He suddenly died of illness in 12 BC, aged ~51.
Agrippa had several children through his three marriages. Through some of his children, Agrippa would become ancestor to many subsequent members of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. He has numerous other legacies.Yurii P
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001a, Olbia, Sarmatia, c. 5th Century B.C.Bronze cast dolphin, SGCV 1684 var, VF, 1.322g, 24.7mm. Obverse: dolphin with raised spine, dorsal fin and tail.
Olbia
Olbia, located in what is modern-day Ukraine, was a Milesian colony at the convergence of the Hypanis and Borysthenes rivers, about 15 miles inland from the Northwest coast of the Black Sea. Well located for trade, Olbia was a prosperous trading city and major grain supplier in the 5th Century B.C.
Small bronze dolphins were cast in Olbia, beginning 550-525 B.C., first as sacrificial objects for worship of Apollo and later as a form of currency (Joseph Sermarini).Cleisthenes
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001l2. Lepidus & Marc AntonyLepidus & Marc Antony
AR Quinarius.
Military mint with Antony & Lepidus in Transalpine Gaul, 44-42 BC.
Obv: M ANT IMP, lituus, capis & raven
Rev: M LEP IMP, simpulum, aspergillum, axe (surmounted by wolf's head) & apex.
Cr489/3, Syd 1158a.lawrence c
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005a. AntoniaAntonia
she exposed a plot between her daughter Livilla and Sejanus, Tiberius's Praetorian Prefect. This led to Sejanus's downfall and to the death of Livilla. Claudius, her biggest disappointment (she once called him a "monster") was the only one of her children to survive her.
She committed suicide in 37 AD on Caligula's orders after expressing unhappiness over the murder of her youngest grandson, Tiberius Gemellus. There is a passage in Suetonius's "Life of Gaius" that mentions how Caligula may have given her poison himself. Renowned for her beauty and virtue, Antonia spent her long life revered by the Roman people and enjoyed many honors conferred upon her by her relatives.
Æ Dupondius (10.61 gm). Struck by Claudius. Draped bust right / Claudius standing left, holding simpulum. RIC I 92 (Claudius); BMCRE 166 (same); Cohen 6. Ex-CNG
Checkecoli
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009 Cnut the GreatPenny of Cnut, king of Denmark 1018-1035, Norway 1028-1035, and England 1016-1035
Danish issue as king of Denmark
Moneyer: Godwine
Mint: Lund
Malmer 9.636/1716, chain 138
O: +CNVT REX DENORT
R: +GODPINE M-O LVND
Ex- Bruun-RasmussenSt. George's Collection
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011 HarthacnutPenny of Harthacnut, king of Denmark 1035-1042 and England 1040-1042
English issue in the name of Cnut
Moneyer: Leofwine
Mint: Thetford
Arm-and-scepter type
S. 1169
O: +CNVT RECX A
R: +LEFPINE ON ÐEOTVO
The arm-and-scepter type in the name of "Cnut" was produced during the reign of Harthacnut
Ex- Mark Rasmussen, Morton & Eden Auction 91 (lot 43), Archbishop John SharpSt. George's Collection
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014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Lydia, Maeonia, Asia (conventus of Sardis), RPC I 3015, AE-16, Mên (Lunus), standing left, #1014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Lydia, Maeonia, Asia (conventus of Sardis), RPC I 3015, AE-16, Mên (Lunus), standing left, #1
avers: NЄPΩИ KAIΣAP, Laureate head right.
reverse: MAIONΩN MENEKPATOYΣ / ЄΠ TI KΛ, Mên (Lunus), standing left, holding pine cone and scepter.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,0-16,5mm, weight: 3,09g, axes: 0h,
mint: City: Maeonia, Region: Lydia, Province: Asia (conventus of Sardis),
date: c. 65 A.D.,
ref: RPC I 3015, BMC 35,
Q-001quadrans
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020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Lydia, Sardis, Asia (conventus of Sardis), RPC II 1312, AE-21, Mên standing left, holding pine cone and scepter, #1020p Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), Lydia, Sardis, Asia (conventus of Sardis), RPC II 1312, AE-21, Mên standing left, holding pine cone and scepter, #1
avers: AYTOK KAIC OYЄCΠACIANΩ, Laureate head of Vespasian right.
reverse: ЄΠI T ΦΛ ЄICΓONOV CAPΔIANΩN, Mên standing left, holding pine cone and scepter, to left, monogram (CTRA) above the lighted altar. (Magistrate: T Fl Eisigonos (strategos)).
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 20,0-21,0mm, weight: 6,97g, axis: 6h,
mint: City: Sardis, Region: Lydia, Province: Asia (conventus of Sardis).
date: 69-79 A.D., Magistrate: T Fl Eisigonos (strategos)
ref: RPC II 1312, Waddington 5248,
Q-001quadrans
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025p Domitia Longina, (Augusta, 81-96 A.D.), Lydia, Silandos, RPC II 1354, AE-16, CIΛAN ΔEΩN, Men standing left, #1 025p Domitia Longina, (Augusta, 81-96 A.D.), Lydia, Silandos, RPC II 1354, AE-16, CIΛAN ΔEΩN, Men standing left, #1
avers: ΔOMITIA AYΓOYCTA, draped bust right.
reverse: CIΛAN ΔEΩN, Men standing left, holding pine cone and sceptre.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 15,0-17,0mm, weight: 2,40g, axis: 6h,
mint: Lydia, Silandos, date: 82-96 A.D.,
ref: RPC II 1354, BMC 17,
Q-001quadrans
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052a10. PostumusBillon antoninianus. 3.982g, 21.0mm, 0o, Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne, Germany) mint, c. 267 A.D.; obverse IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; reverse VBERTAS AVG (to the abundance of the Emperor), Uberitas standing facing, head left, right leg forward, purse in right hand, cornucopia in left hand.
RSC IV 366a, RIC V-2 330, Mairat 136, Schulzki AGK 94, Hunter IV 93, SRCV III 10995. A FORUM coin.lawrence c
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052a32. PostumusAR Antoninianus. Treveri, AD 268. IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust to right / IOVI S[T]ATORI, Jupiter standing to left, head to right, holding sceptre and thunderbolt. RIC V.2 309 (Colonia Agrippinensis); Mairat, 2014 (unpublished PhD thesis), 446; RSC 159a. 3.12g, 20mm, 6h.Roma Numismatics Auc 99, Lot 1075.lawrence c
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052a33. PostumusAntoninianus. Colonia Agrippinensis, AD 268. IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust to right / IOVI VICTORI, Jupiter walking to left, head to right, holding sceptre and thunderbolt. RIC V.2 311; Mairat, 2014 (unpublished PhD thesis), 481; RSC 161a. 3.44g, 19mm, 12h. Lot 1193.lawrence c
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058a01. Victorinus BI Antoninianus. Treveri, AD 269. IMP C PIAV VICTORINVS P F AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust to right / FIDES MILITVM, Fides standing to left, holding two standards. RIC V.2 109 (Colonia Agrippinensis); Mairat, 2014 (unpublished PhD thesis), 562. 2.81g, 19mm, 6h. Roma Numismatics Auc 107, Lot 1139.lawrence c
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061b01. Tetricus IITetricus II
271 - 274 AD
AE Antoninianus, Colonia Agrippinensis Mint, 19mm, 1.76 grams. Obverse: C P E TETRICVS CAES, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust of Tetricus right.
Reverse: PIETAS AVGVSTOR, Pontifical implements: sprinkler, simpulum, jug and lituus.
RIC 259.
lawrence c
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062p Severus Alexander (222-235 A.D.), Bithynia, Nikaia, BMC 103var(3)., AE-22, ΝΙΚΑΙΕΩN, #2062p Severus Alexander (222-235 A.D.), Bithynia, Nikaia, BMC 103var(3)., AE-22, ΝΙΚΑΙΕΩN, #2
avers:- M AVP CEV AΛEΞANΔROC AVΓ (AVΓ in ligature), Laureate, cuirassed bust right, seen from behind.
revers:- ΝΙ-ΚΑ-ΙΕ-ΩN, Between three legionary standards.
exe: -/-//--, diameter: 21mm, weight: 4,63g, axis: 7h,
mint: Bithynia, Nikaia, date: , ref: Kemppinen S402, BMC 103var. ,
Q-002quadrans
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062p Severus Alexander (222-235 A.D.), Bithynia, Nikaia, BMC 103var., AE-22, ΝΙΚΑΙΕΩN, #1062p Severus Alexander (222-235 A.D.), Bithynia, Nikaia, BMC 103var., AE-22, ΝΙΚΑΙΕΩN, #1
avers:- M AVP CEVH AΛEΞANΔROC AV, Laureate, cuirassed bust right, seen from behind.
revers:- ΝΙ-ΚΑ-ΙΕ-ΩN, Between three legionary standards.
exe: -/-//--, diameter: 22mm, weight: 9,07g, axis: 5h,
mint: Bithynia, Nikaia, date: , ref: Kemppinen S204, BMC 103var. ,
Q-001quadrans
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0ab Lucius Cornelius Sulla FelixL Manlivs, moneyer
82-72 BC
Denarius
Head of Roma, right, MANLI before, PRO Q behind
Sulla in walking quadriga, crowned by Victory, L SVLLA IM in ex.
Seaby, Manlia 4
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (c. 138 BC – 78 BC) was a Roman general and conservative statesman. He had the distinction of holding the office of consul twice, as well as reviving the dictatorship. Sulla was awarded a grass crown, the most prestigious and rarest Roman military honor, during the Social War. He was the first man to lead an army to Rome to settle a political dispute, in this case with Marius. In late 81 BC, he stunned the world by resigning his near-absolute powers, restoring constitutional government. After seeing election to and holding a second consulship, he retired to private life and died shortly after.
As to the person, Plutarch wrote: LUCIUS Cornelius Sylla was descended of a patrician or noble family. . . . His general personal appearance may be known by his statues; only his blue, eyes, of themselves extremely keen and glaring, were rendered all the more forbidding and terrible by the complexion of his face, in which white was mixed with rough blotches of fiery red. . . . And when supreme master of all, he was often wont to muster together the most impudent players and stage-followers of the town, and to drink and bandy jests with them without regard to his age or the dignity of his place, and to the prejudice of important affairs that required his attention. When he was once at table, it was not in Sylla's nature to admit of anything that was serious, and whereas at other times he was a man of business and austere of countenance, he underwent all of a sudden, at his first entrance upon wine and good-fellowship, a total revolution, and was gentle and tractable with common singers and dancers, and ready to oblige any one that spoke with him. It seems to have been a sort of diseased result of this laxity that he was so prone to amorous pleasures, and yielded without resistance to any temptation of voluptuousness, from which even in his old age he could not refrain. He had a long attachment for Metrobius, a player. In his first amours, it happened that he made court to a common but rich lady, Nicopolis by name, and what by the air of his youth, and what by long intimacy, won so far on her affections, that she rather than he was the lover, and at her death she bequeathed him her whole property. He likewise inherited the estate of a step-mother who loved him as her own son. By these means he had pretty well advanced his fortunes. . . . In general he would seem to have been of a very irregular character, full of inconsistencies with himself much given to rapine, to prodigality yet more; in promoting or disgracing whom he pleased, alike unaccountable; cringing to those he stood in need of, and domineering over others who stood in need of him, so that it was hard to tell whether his nature had more in it of pride or of servility. As to his unequal distribution of punishments, as, for example, that upon slight grounds he would put to the torture, and again would bear patiently with the greatest wrongs; would readily forgive and he reconciled after the most heinous acts of enmity, and yet would visit small and inconsiderable offences with death and confiscation of goods; one might judge that in himself he was really of a violent and revengeful nature, which, however, he could qualify, upon reflection, for his interest.
Blindado
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10-01 - CLAUDIO (41 - 54 D.C.)AR Denario 3.13 grs.
Anv: TI. CLAVD. CAESAR AVG. GERM. P. M. TRIB. POT. P. P.. Cabeza laureada de Claudio a derecha.
Rev: AGRIPPINAE AVGVSTAE. Busto de Agripina a derecha con corona de espigas.
Julia Vipsania Agripina , más conocida cómo Agripina la Menor para distinguirla de su madre, fue la hija mayor de Germánico y Agripina la Mayor, bisnieta por tanto de Marco Antonio y Octavia. Fue además Esposa de Ahenobarbo, hermana de Calígula, mujer y sobrina de Claudio I y madre de Nerón.
Acuñada 50 - 54 D.C.
Ceca: Roma Italia
Rareza: R
Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #81 Pag.126 (Plate.16) - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1886 Pag.371 - BMCRE Vol.1 #75 - Cohen Vol.1 (Agrippine et Claude) #4 Pag.274 - DVM #27 Pag.84 - CBN #82 - RSC Vol. II #4 Pag.11mdelvalle
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10-01 - CLAUDIO y AGRIPINA Jr. (41 - 54 D.C.)AR Denario 20.0 mm 3.13 grs.
Anv: TI. CLAVD. CAESAR AVG. GERM. P. M. TRIB. POT. P. P.. Cabeza laureada de Claudio a derecha.
Rev: AGRIPPINAE AVGVSTAE. Busto de Agripina a derecha con corona de espigas.
Julia Vipsania Agripina , más conocida cómo Agripina la Menor para distinguirla de su madre, fue la hija mayor de Germánico y Agripina la Mayor, bisnieta por tanto de Marco Antonio y Octavia. Fue además Esposa de Ahenobarbo, hermana de Calígula, mujer y sobrina de Claudio I y madre de Nerón.
Acuñada 50 - 54 D.C.
Ceca: Roma Italia
Rareza: R
Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #81 Pag.126 (Plate.16) - Sear RCTV Vol.1 #1886 Pag.371 - BMCRE Vol.1 #75 - Cohen Vol.1 (Agrippine et Claude) #4 Pag.274 - DVM #27 Pag.84 - CBN #82 - RSC Vol. II #4 Pag.11mdelvalle
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1066 - 1087, William I (the Conqueror), AR Penny, Struck 1083 - 1086 at Wallingford, EnglandObverse: + PILLELM REX. Crowned, moustached, facing bust of William I, his right arm across chest holding short sceptre topped with cross over his left shoulder.
Reverse: + IEGLPINE ON PALI. ( Æthelwine on Wallingford) Large cross pattée within circle, each angle within cross holding an annulet, each annulet containing a letter which spells out the word PAXS, all within outer circle.
PAXS type (crown 1)
Diameter: 20mm | Weight: 1.1gms | Die Axis: 6h
Spink: 1257 | North 848 | BMC 8
Dark, almost black, tone
Scarce
This coin, part of William's last coinage issue, was struck during the period that his famous Domesday book was being compiled. The issue may have continued to be struck for a short time into the reign of William I's successor, his son William Rufus, who reigned as William II.
William I, known as 'the Conqueror', was born at Falaise in 1027, son of Robert, Duke of Normandy and a girl called Herleve. Following the death, in 1066, of Edward the Confessor, who was childless, the English throne was seized by the powerful Earl Harold Godwinson who claimed, without corroboration, that Edward had named him as his successor on his deathbed. William, Duke of Normandy, a distant relative of Edward, also claimed that Edward had named him as successor to the throne during a period when Harold was in exile.
William invaded England, landing at Pevensey, meeting Harold who, after defeating an invading Norwegian force in the north, had had to make a forced march south from Stamford Bridge. Harold was defeated at the battle of Hastings on 14th October 1066. This battle is commemorated by the famous Bayeux Tapestry.
After his victory at Hastings William marched to London and was crowned in Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066, according to the ancient English rite. Aldred, archbishop of York performed the ceremony.
William moved quickly to exert control over England, he introduced measures which included the imposition of the Forest Law, setting aside large tracts of land for hunting by the aristocracy.
William constructed numerous castles, including the Tower of London, to maintain order but, despite this, the years following his conquest saw a number of rebellions, all of which were brutally repressed. The social impact of these reprisals was huge because by the time of the Domesday survey in 1085-6 the vast majority of land not directly owned by William was controlled by Norman tenants.
After 1072 William spent the majority of his time in France, where he died. William I's death was the result of him being flung from his horse during fighting at the seige of Mantes. He died of his injuries, around a week later, at St. Gervais priory outside Rouen on the 8th or the 9th of September, 1087. William was buried at St Stephen's church in Caen, though even his funeral was not without its problems because, when his body was being interred, the tomb was found to be too small and William's embalmed remains were damaged when attendants were forced to squeeze them into the space.*Alex
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1163 - D. Junius L.F. Silanus, AsAs minted in Rome, 91 BC
No legend, Head of Janus
D SILANVS L F, Prow of galley right
12.08 gr
Ref : RCV # 738
The following comment from : http://www.forumancientcoins.com/historia/historia.htm
"Decimus Junius Silanus was the son of M. Junius Silanus, who commanded the army that was defeated by the Germanic Cimbri in Transalpine Gaul.
Decimus was the stepfather of Marcus Brutus, the murderer of Caesar, having married his mother Servilia. He was elected consul in 63 for the following year ; and in consequence of his being consul designatus, he was first asked for his opinion by Cicero in the debate in the senate on the punishment of the Catilinarian conspirators. He was consul 62, with L. Licinius Morena, along with whom he proposed the Lex Licinia Julia".
Potator II
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138-161 AD - ANTONINUS PIUS AR denarius - struck 140-143 ADobv: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P COS III (bare head right)
rev: GENIVS POP ROMANI (Genius standing front, head right, with scepter & cornucopiae)
ref: RIC III 70, RSC 405 (6frcs), BMC 207
3.15gms, 18mm
The Roman genius, representing man's natural optimism, always endeavoured to guide him to happiness; that man was intended to enjoy life is shown by the fact that the Roman spoke of indulging or cheating his genius of his due according as he enjoyed himself or failed to do so, when he had the opportunity. The genius publicus Populi Romani - probably distinct from the genius Urbis Romae, to whom an old shield on the Capitol was dedicated, stood in the forum near the temple of Concord, in the form of a bearded man, crowned with a diadem, and carrying a cornucopiae and sceptre. In imperial times the genius of Augustus and of the reigning emperor, as part of the sacra of the imperial family, were publicly worshipped. The reverse probably commemorate this (the scepter as Genius attributum is unusual).berserker
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1422 - 1461, HENRY VI (First Reign), AR Halfpenny, Struck 1430 - 1434 at Calais, FranceObverse: HENRICVS (pinecone) REX (mascle) ANGL. Crowned facing bust of Henry VI within circle of pellets. Mintmark: Cross patonce in legend.
Reverse: VIL(mascle)LA CALISIE (pinecone). Long cross pattée dividing legend around inner circle of pellets into quarters, trefoil in each quarter of circle.
Diameter: 15mm | Weight: 0.45gms | Axis: 6h
SPINK: 1885
This issue of coins is known as the pinecone-mascle issue because these symbols are incorporated in the obverse and reverse legends. This issue was struck between 1430 and 1434 at the mints of London and Calais.
CLICK ON IMAGE BELOW FOR INFO ON HENRY VI
*Alex
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161 - Commemorative Issues - AE3 - RIC VII Arles 392Obv: Helmeted bust of Roma left
Rev: She wolf feeding Romulus and Remus, two stars above
Minted in Arles (Pine Tree //PCONST).
Reference:– RIC VII Arles 392 (R4)maridvnvm
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177-192 AD - COMMODUS AR denarius - struck 183-184 ADobv: M.COMMODVS ANTONINVS AVG PIVS (laureate head right)
rev: TRP VIIII IMP VI COS IIII PP (Felicitas standing left holding caduceus & cornucopiae, modius at foot left)
ref: RIC III 74, RSC 445
3.01gms, 16mm
Commodus was inaugurated in 183 as consul (IV) with Aufidius Victorinus for a colleague and assumed the title 'Pius'. The adoption of the title Pius by Commodus looks like a direct appeal to the memory of the beloved Antoninus.
Felicity's image occurs on almost all the imperial series coins; because the senate professed to wish that all princes should consider it their duty to promote public happiness, and also because those princes themselves were peculiarly desirous of having it regarded as a blessing attached to their own reign.berserker
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1871 Japanese Silver 50 SenJapan, Meiji (1867-1912), Silver 50 Sen, Meiji 4 (1871), SCWC KM Y4a.1, JNDA 01-13A, JC 09-13-2, small type, small dragon/three spines variety, Mint State, shimmering, with reddish tone, minor deposits on the surfaces, engraved by Kanō Natsuo, edge milled, weight 12.5g (ASW 0.3215oz), composition 0.8 Ag, 0.2 Cu, diameter 31.0mm, thickness 2.1mm, die axis 0°, Osaka mint, 1871; obverse • 錢十五 • 年四治明 • 本日大 (Great Japan, Year 4 of Meiji, 50 Sen) outwardly clockwise from lower left, three-clawed Imperial serpentine dragon coiled leftward, nine-spiked tail pointing to right, clutching Pearl of Celestial Wisdom (tamashi) inscribed with counterclockwise incuse spiral in right talon, within 19.0mm-beaded circle, three spines overlapped by right flame, toothed border surrounding; reverse sunburst crest in beaded circle, within open paulownia and chrysanthemum wreath tied with ornate bow at base, chrysanthemum between two paulownia flowers above, toothed border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex Baldwin's (2021); £395.00.Serendipity
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19. Continental "Porcupine" sceat.AR sceat, ca. 720-40. Mint: likely Dorestad or Domburg.
Obverse: Porcupine-like figure, three parallel lines in curve.
Reverse: Standard with VOT /.\ design. Small cross on each side of standard.
1.09 gm., 12 mm.
North #48; Seaby #786; Metcalf Secondary phase, Series E .
Although the porcupine sceattas are found extensively in England, most of them were likely minted in what is today The Netherlands. The coins identified by Metcalf as being of the secondary (“Kloster Barthe”) phase were likely minted in Dorestad or Domburg rather than Friesland, ca. 720-40.
Reference:
Metcalf, Michael; and Op den Velde, Wybrand. "The Monetary Economy of the Netherlands, c. 690 – c. 760 and the Trade with England: A Study of the “Porcupine” Sceattas of Series E." Volume I. 2010. 284 pp.
The above work contains “. . . a dauntingly large amount of detailed information about the porcupine sceattas . . .” (p. 262). I hope the information I’ve gathered about this coin is correct.Callimachus
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198-217 AD - Caracalla - RIC IV 127 - FELICITAS AVGGEmperor: Caracalla (r. 198-217 AD)
Date: 201-206 AD
Condition: EF
Denomination: Denarius
Obverse: ANTONINVS - PIVS AVG
Emperor Antoninus Pius (Caracalla)
Bust right; laureate and draped
Reverse: FELICITAS AVGG
The Emperors provide happiness.
Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopiae.
Rome mint
RIC IV Caracalla 127
3.30g; 20.0mm; 30°Pep
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1aa Reign of SVLLAL Manlivs, moneyer
82-72 BC
Denarius
Head of Roma, right, MANLI before, PRO Q behind
Sulla in walking quadriga, crowned by Victory, L SVLLA IM in ex.
Seaby, Manlia 4
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (c. 138 BC – 78 BC) was a Roman general and conservative statesman. He had the distinction of holding the office of consul twice, as well as reviving the dictatorship. Sulla was awarded a grass crown, the most prestigious and rarest Roman military honor, during the Social War. He was the first man to lead an army to Rome to settle a political dispute, in this case with Marius. In late 81 BC, he stunned the world by resigning his near-absolute powers, restoring constitutional government. After seeing election to and holding a second consulship, he retired to private life and died shortly after.
As to the person, Plutarch wrote: LUCIUS Cornelius Sylla was descended of a patrician or noble family. . . . His general personal appearance may be known by his statues; only his blue, eyes, of themselves extremely keen and glaring, were rendered all the more forbidding and terrible by the complexion of his face, in which white was mixed with rough blotches of fiery red. . . . And when supreme master of all, he was often wont to muster together the most impudent players and stage-followers of the town, and to drink and bandy jests with them without regard to his age or the dignity of his place, and to the prejudice of important affairs that required his attention. When he was once at table, it was not in Sylla's nature to admit of anything that was serious, and whereas at other times he was a man of business and austere of countenance, he underwent all of a sudden, at his first entrance upon wine and good-fellowship, a total revolution, and was gentle and tractable with common singers and dancers, and ready to oblige any one that spoke with him. It seems to have been a sort of diseased result of this laxity that he was so prone to amorous pleasures, and yielded without resistance to any temptation of voluptuousness, from which even in his old age he could not refrain. He had a long attachment for Metrobius, a player. In his first amours, it happened that he made court to a common but rich lady, Nicopolis by name, and what by the air of his youth, and what by long intimacy, won so far on her affections, that she rather than he was the lover, and at her death she bequeathed him her whole property. He likewise inherited the estate of a step-mother who loved him as her own son. By these means he had pretty well advanced his fortunes. . . . In general he would seem to have been of a very irregular character, full of inconsistencies with himself much given to rapine, to prodigality yet more; in promoting or disgracing whom he pleased, alike unaccountable; cringing to those he stood in need of, and domineering over others who stood in need of him, so that it was hard to tell whether his nature had more in it of pride or of servility. As to his unequal distribution of punishments, as, for example, that upon slight grounds he would put to the torture, and again would bear patiently with the greatest wrongs; would readily forgive and he reconciled after the most heinous acts of enmity, and yet would visit small and inconsiderable offences with death and confiscation of goods; one might judge that in himself he was really of a violent and revengeful nature, which, however, he could qualify, upon reflection, for his interest. Blindado
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1ab Marcus Licinius CrassusFormed First Triumvirate with Caesar and Pompey in 60 BC, killed at Carrhae in Parthia in 53 BC.
Denarius, minted by son, P Licinius Crassus, ca 54 BC.
Bust of Venus, right, SC behind
Amazon with horse, P CRASSVS MF.
These coins were probably minted to pay Crassus' army for the invasion of Parthia. The reverse figure is sometimes described as a warrior or Gaulish horseman, but this example clearly accords with those who identify the figure as a woman! Member of the first triumvirate, 59-53 BC.
Seaby, Licinia 18
Plutarch wrote of Crassus: People were wont to say that the many virtues of Crassus were darkened by the one vice of avarice, and indeed he seemed to have no other but that; for it being the most predominant, obscured others to which he was inclined. The arguments in proof of his avarice were the vastness of his estate, and the manner of raising it; for whereas at first he was not worth above three hundred talents, yet, though in the course of his political life he dedicated the tenth of all he had to Hercules, and feasted the people, and gave to every citizen corn enough to serve him three months, upon casting up his accounts, before he went upon his Parthian expedition, he found his possessions to amount to seven thousand one hundred talents; most of which, if we may scandal him with a truth, he got by fire and rapine, making his advantages of the public calamities. . . . Crassus, however, was very eager to be hospitable to strangers; he kept open house, and to his friends he would lend money without interest, but called it in precisely at the time; so that his kindness was often thought worse than the paying the interest would have been. His entertainments were, for the most part, plain and citizen-like, the company general and popular; good taste and kindness made them pleasanter than sumptuosity would have done. As for learning he chiefly cared for rhetoric, and what would be serviceable with large numbers; he became one of the best speakers at Rome, and by his pains and industry outdid the best natural orators. . . . Besides, the people were pleased with his courteous and unpretending salutations and greetings, for he never met any citizen however humble and low, but he returned him his salute by name. He was looked upon as a man well-read in history, and pretty well versed in Aristotle's philosophy. . . . Crassus was killed by a Parthian, called Pomaxathres; others say by a different man, and that Pomaxathres only cut off his head and right hand after he had fallen. But this is conjecture rather than certain knowledge, for those that were by had not leisure to observe particulars. . . .Blindado
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1ab_2 Marcus Licinius CrassusFormed First Triumvirate with Caesar and Pompey in 60 BC, killed at Carrhae in Parthia in 53 BC.
Denarius, minted by son, P Licinius Crassus, ca 54 BC.
Bust of Venus, right, SC behind
Amazon with horse, P CRASSVS MF.
Seaby, Licinia 18
These coins were probably minted to pay Crassus' army for the invasion of Parthia. My synthesis of reviewing 90 examples of this issue revealed a female warrior wearing a soft felt Scythian cap with ear flaps (visible in this example); a fabric garment with a decorated skirt to the knees; probably trousers; an ornate war belt; a baldric; a cape, animal skin, or shoulder cord on attached to the left shoulder; and decorated calf-high boots. She matches the historically confirmed garb of the real amazons—Scythian horsewomen—and of course holds her steed. The horse’s tack is consistent with archeological discoveries of tack in use by Scythians and Romans.
Adrienne Mayor writes that amazon imagery on Greek vases suddenly appeared in 575-550 BC, initially depicting them in Greek-style armor. By the end of the century, as the Greeks learned more through direct and indirect contact with Scythians, they began to appear wearing archeologically confirmed Scythian-Sarmatian-Thracian patterned attire. (Adrienne Mayor, The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women Across the Ancient World, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2014, 199-200). To this, artists added their own creative ideas regarding colors, fabric patterns, and decorations. “They dressed the warrior women in body-hugging ‘unitards’ or tunics, short chitons or belted dresses, sometimes over leggings or trousers. . . . In paintings and sculpture, pointed or soft Scythian caps with earflaps or ties (kidaris) soon replaced the Greek helmets, and the women wear a variety of belts, baldrics (diagonal straps), corselets, shoulder cords or bands, and crisscrossing leather straps attached to belt loops like those worn by the archer huntress Artemis. . . . Amazon footgear included soft leather moccasin-like shoes, calf-high boots (endromides), or taller laced boots (embades) with scallops or flaps and lined with felt or fur.” (Mayor, 202)
The artists apparently had detailed knowledge of gear used by real Scythian horsewomen to equip their imagined Amazons. “Archeological discoveries of well-preserved sets of clothing confirm that real horsewomen of ancient Scythian lands dressed much as did those described in Greek texts and illustrated in Scythian and Greek artwork.” (Mayor, 203)
Plutarch wrote of Crassus: People were wont to say that the many virtues of Crassus were darkened by the one vice of avarice, and indeed he seemed to have no other but that; for it being the most predominant, obscured others to which he was inclined. The arguments in proof of his avarice were the vastness of his estate, and the manner of raising it; for whereas at first he was not worth above three hundred talents, yet, though in the course of his political life he dedicated the tenth of all he had to Hercules, and feasted the people, and gave to every citizen corn enough to serve him three months, upon casting up his accounts, before he went upon his Parthian expedition, he found his possessions to amount to seven thousand one hundred talents; most of which, if we may scandal him with a truth, he got by fire and rapine, making his advantages of the public calamities. . . . Crassus, however, was very eager to be hospitable to strangers; he kept open house, and to his friends he would lend money without interest, but called it in precisely at the time; so that his kindness was often thought worse than the paying the interest would have been. His entertainments were, for the most part, plain and citizen-like, the company general and popular; good taste and kindness made them pleasanter than sumptuosity would have done. As for learning he chiefly cared for rhetoric, and what would be serviceable with large numbers; he became one of the best speakers at Rome, and by his pains and industry outdid the best natural orators. . . . Besides, the people were pleased with his courteous and unpretending salutations and greetings, for he never met any citizen however humble and low, but he returned him his salute by name. He was looked upon as a man well-read in history, and pretty well versed in Aristotle's philosophy. . . . Crassus was killed by a Parthian, called Pomaxathres; others say by a different man, and that Pomaxathres only cut off his head and right hand after he had fallen. But this is conjecture rather than certain knowledge, for those that were by had not leisure to observe particulars. . . .Blindado
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1af Lepidus_2Quinarius
M LEP IMP, simpulum, aspergillum, axe (surmounted by wolf's head) & ape
M ANT IMP, lituus, capis (jug) and raven
Military mint with Marcus Aemilius Lepidus & Antony in Transalpine Gaul, 44-42 BC
Cr489/3, Syd 1158a
Lepidus was a member of the Second Triumvirate.
According to Plutarch's Life of Pompey: Sulla, however, was annoyed at seeing to what a height of reputation and power Pompey was advancing, but being ashamed to obstruct his career, he kept quiet. Only, when in spite of him and against his wishes Pompey made Lepidus consul, by canvassing for him and making the people zealously support him through their goodwill towards himself, seeing Pompey going off through the forum with a throng, Sulla said: "I see, young man, that you rejoice in your victory; and surely it was a generous and noble thing for Lepidus, the worst of men, to be proclaimed consul by a larger vote than Catulus, the best of men, because you influenced the people to take this course. Now, however, it is time for you to be wide awake and watchful of your interests; you have made your adversary stronger than yourself." But Sulla showed most clearly that he was not well-disposed to Pompey by the will which he wrote. For whereas he bequeathed gifts to other friends, and made some of them guardians of his son, he omitted all mention of Pompey. And yet Pompey bore this with great composure, and loyally, insomuch that when Lepidus and sundry others tried to prevent the body of Sulla from being buried in the Campus Martius, or even from receiving public burial honours, he came to the rescue, and gave to the interment alike honour and security.
Soon after the death of Sulla, his prophecies were fulfilled, and Lepidus tried to assume Sulla's powers. He took no circuitous route and used no pretence, but appeared at once in arms, stirring up anew and gathering about himself the remnants of faction, long enfeebled, which had escaped the hand of Sulla. His colleague, Catulus, to whom the incorrupt and sounder element in the senate and people attached themselves, was the great Roman of the time in the estimate set upon his wisdom and justice, but was thought better adapted for political than military leadership. The situation itself, therefore, demanded Pompey, who was not long in deciding what course to take. He took the side of the nobility, and was appointed commander of an army against Lepidus, who had already stirred up a large part of Italy and was employing Brutus to hold Cisalpine Gaul with an army.
Other opponents against whom Pompey came were easily mastered by him, but at Mutina, in Gaul, he lay a long while besieging Brutus. Meanwhile, Lepidus had made a hasty rush upon Rome, and sitting down before it, was demanding a second consulship, and terrifying the citizens with a vast throng of followers. But their fear was dissipated by a letter brought from Pompey, announcing that he had brought the war to a close without a battle. For Brutus, whether he himself betrayed his army, or whether his army changed sides and betrayed him, put himself in the hands of Pompey, and receiving an escort of horsemen, retired to a little town upon the Po. Here, after a single day had passed, he was slain by Geminius, who was sent by Pompey to do the deed. And Pompey was much blamed for this. For as soon as the army of Brutus changed sides, he wrote to the senate that Brutus had surrendered to him of his own accord; then he sent another letter denouncing the man after he had been put to death. The Brutus who, with Cassius, killed Caesar, was a son of this Brutus, a man who was like his father neither in his wars nor in his death, as is written in his Life. As for Lepidus, moreover, as soon as he was expelled from Italy, he made his way over to Sardinia. There he fell sick and died of despondency, which was due, as we are told, not to the loss of his cause, but to his coming accidentally upon a writing from which he discovered that his wife was an adulteress.Blindado
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1ck Pupienus238
Sestertius
Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust, right, IMP CAES PVPIEN MAXIMVS AVG
Pax seated left with branch & scepter PAX PVBLICA SC
RIC 22b
Herodian, continuing the story of the rebellion against Maximinus, wrote: [Pupienus] led most of these soldiers out to attack Maximinus; the rest remained behind to guard and defend the city. . . . In the meantime, having completed his march, Maximinus was poised on the borders of Italy; after offering sacrifices at all the boundary altars, he advanced into Italy. . . . When no opposition was offered, they crossed the Alps without hindrance. . . . While the army was in the plain, the scouts reported that Aquileia, the largest city in that part of Italy, had closed its gates and that the Pannonian legions which had been sent ahead had launched a vigorous attack upon the walls of this city. In spite of frequent assaults, they were completely unsuccessful. . . .
As time passed, the army of Maximinus grew depressed and, cheated in its expectations, fell into despair. . . . As Maximinus rode about, the [people of Aquileia] shouted insults and indecent blasphemies at him and his son. The emperor became increasingly angry because he was powerless to retaliate. . . . The emperor's soldiers were. . . in need of everything. There was scarcely even sufficient water for them. . . .
Without warning, the soldiers whose camp was near Rome at the foot of Mount Alba, where they had left their wives and children, decided that the best solution was to kill Maximinus and end the interminable siege. . . . [T]he conspirators went to Maximinus' tent about noon. The imperial bodyguard, which was involved in the plot, ripped Maximinus' pictures from the standards; when he came out of his tent with his son to talk to them, they refused to listen and killed them both. . . .
For the rest of the time the two emperors governed in an orderly and well-regulated manner, winning approval on every hand both privately and publicly. The people honored and respected them as patriotic and admirable rulers of the empire. . . . It so happened that the two men were not in complete accord: so great is the desire for sole rule and so contrary to the usual practice is it for the sovereignty to be shared that each undertook to secure the imperial power for himself alone. Balbinus considered himself the more worthy because of his noble birth and his two terms as consul; [Pupienus] felt that he deserved first place because he had served as prefect of Rome and had won a good reputation by his administrative efforts. Both men were led to covet the sole rule because of their distinguished birth, aristocratic lineage, and the size of their families. This rivalry was the basis of their downfall. When [Pupienus] learned that the Praetorian Guard was coming to kill them, he wished to summon a sufficient number of the German auxiliaries who were in Rome to resist the conspirators. But Balbinus, thinking that this was a ruse intended to deceive him (he knew that the Germans were devoted to [Pupienus]), refused to allow [Pupienus] to issue the order. . . . While the two men were arguing, the praetorians rushed in. . . . When the guards at the palace gates deserted the emperors, the praetorians seized the old men and ripped off the plain robes they were wearing because they were at home. Dragging the two men naked from the palace, they inflicted every insult and indignity upon them. Jeering at these emperors elected by the senate, they beat and tortured them. . . . When the Germans learned what was happening, they snatched up their arms and hastened to the rescue. As soon as the praetorians were informed of their approach, they killed the mutilated emperors. Blindado
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1cu Trebonianus Gallus251-253
AE Viminacium
Laureate, draped bust, right, IMP C GALLVS P FELIX AVG
Moesia standing facing, head left, hands outstretched over a bull and a lion at her sides, PMS COL VIM
Moushmov 56
For Gallus' perfidy against Decius, see the Decius entry. Zosimus reports regarding Gallus' reign: Gallus, who declared his son Volusianus his associate in the empire, published an open declaration, that Decius and his army had perished by his contrivance. The Barbarians now became more prosperous than before. For Callus not only permitted them to return home with the plunder, but promised to pay them annually a sum of money, and allowed them to carry off all the noblest captives; most of whom had been taken at Philippopolis in Thrace.
Gallus, having made these regulations, came to Rome, priding himself on the peace he had made with the Barbarians. And though he at first spoke with approbation of Decius's mode of government, and adopted one of his sons, yet, after some time was elapsed, fearing that some of them who were fond of new projects might recur to a recapitulation of the princely virtues of Decius, and therefore might at some opportunity give the empire to his son, he concerted the young man's destruction, without regard either to his own adoption of him, or to common honour and justice.
Gallus was so supine in the administration of the empire, that the Scythians in the first place terrified all the neighbouring nations, and then laid waste all the countries as far by degrees as the sea coast; not leaving one nation subject to the Romans unpillaged, and taking almost all the unfortified towns, and many that were fortified. Besides the war on every side, which was insupportably burdensome to them, the cities and villages were infested with a pestilence, which swept away the remainder of mankind in those regions; nor was so great a mortality ever known in any former period.
At this crisis, observing that the emperors were unable to defend the state, but neglected all without the walls of Rome, the Goths, the Borani, the Urugundi, and the Carpi once more plundered the cities of Europe of all that had been left in them; while in another quarter, the Persians invaded Asia, in which they acquired possession of Mesopotamia, and proceeded even as far as Antioch in Syria, took that city, which is the metropolis of all the east, destroyed many of the inhabitants, and carried the remainder into captivity, returning home with immense plunder, after they had destroyed all the buildings in the city, both public and private, without meeting with the least resistance. And indeed the Persians had a fair opportunity to have made themselves masters of all Asia, had they not been so overjoyed at their excessive spoils, as to be contented with keeping and carrying home what they had acquired.
Meantime the Scythians of Europe were in perfect security and went over into Asia, spoiling all the country as far as Cappodocia, Pesinus, and Ephesus, until Aemilianus, commander of the Pannonian legions, endeavouring as much as possible to encourage his troops, whom the prosperity of the Barbarians had so disheartened that they durst not face them, and reminding them of the renown of Roman courage, surprised the Barbarians that were in that neighbourhood. Having destroyed great numbers of them, and led his forces into their country, removing every obstruction to his progress, and at length freeing the subjects of the Roman empire from their ferocity, he was appointed emperor by his army. On this he collected all the forces of that country, who were become more bold since his successes against the Barbarians, and directed his march towards Italy, with the design of fighting Gallus, who was as yet. unprepared to contend with him. For Gallus had never heard of what had occurred in the east, and therefore made only what accidental preparations were in his reach, while Valerianus went to bring the Celtic and German legions. But Aemilianus advanced with great speed into Italy, and the armies were very near to each other, when the soldiers of Gallus, reflecting that his force was much inferior to the enemy both in number and strength, and likewise that he was a negligent indolent man, put him and his son to death, and going over to the party of Aemilianus, appeared to establish his authority.Blindado
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1dc Macrianus260-261
Billon antoninianus
Radiate cuirassed bust, right, IMP C FVL MACRIANVS PF AVG
Aequitas standing left holding scales & cornucopiae, star to left, AEQVTAS AVGG
RIC 5
Macrianus did not rule in Rome. He and his brother Quietus took command of the army after the Persians captured Valerian but were defeated by one of Gallienus' generals when they marched west. According to the Historia Augusta: After the capture of Valerian, long a most
noble prince in the state, then a most valiant emperor, but at the last the most unfortunate of all men (either because in his old age he pined away among the Persians or because he left behind him unworthy descendants), Ballista, Valerian's prefect, and Macrianus, the foremost of his generals, since they knew that Gallienus was worthy only of contempt and since the soldiers, too, were seeking an emperor, withdrew together to a certain place, to consider what should be done. They then agreed that, since Gallienus was far away and Aureolus was usurping the imperial power, some emperor ought to be chosen, and, indeed, the best man, lest there should arise some pretender. . . . Ballista, perceiving that Macrianus, in so speaking, seemed to have in mind his own two sons, answered him as follows : "To your wisdom, then, we entrust the commonwealth. And so give us your sons Macrianus and Quietus, most valiant young men, long since made tribunes by Valerian, for, under the rule of Gallienus, for the very reason that they are good men, they cannot remain unharmed."
And so, with the consent of all the soldiers, Macrianus was made emperor, together with his two sons Macrianus and Quietus, and he immediately proceeded to march against Gallienus, leaving affairs in the East in whatever state he could. But while he was on the march, having with him a force of forty-five thousand soldiers, he met Aureolus in Illyricum or on the borders of Thrace, and there he was defeated and together with his son was slain. Then thirty thousand of his men yielded to Aureolus' power.Blindado
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21. Philip I.Antoninianus, 244-245 AD, Antioch mint (or "Unknown mint").
Obverse: IMP C M IVL PHILIPPVS PF AVG PM / Radiate bust of Philip I.
Reverse: SPES FELICITATIS ORBIS / Spes walking, holding flower and raising skirt.
4.89 gm., 21 mm.
RIC #70; Sear #8967.
The reverse legend expresses the hope that the whole world will enjoy happiness under Philip's rule.Callimachus
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2262A CARIA Trapezopolis Sabina Ae 19 Mên standingReference.
RPC --; apparently unpublished.
Magistrate Ti. Fla. Max. Lysias
Obv: CABЄINA CЄBACTH
Draped bust of Sabina, r., hair coiled and piled on top of head above triple stephane
Rev: ΔΙΑ Τ Φ ΜΑΞ ΛVСΙΟV TPAΠEZOΠ/ OΛITΩN.
Mên standing, l., wearing Phrygian cap, holding pine cone and sceptre, behind his shoulders, crescent
4.22 gr
19 mm
12hokidoki
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250 GallienusGallienus, August 253 - September 268 A.D
Silver antoninianus, Göbl MIR 872m, RSC IV 310 (Lugdunum), RIC V J18 (Lugdunum), SRCV III 10225, VF, weak reverse strike, 3.077g, 23.3mm, 0o, Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne, Germany) mint, 257 - 258 A.D.; obverse GALLIENVS P F AVG, radiate and draped bust left, spear in right over shoulder, shield on left arm in left; reverse GERMANICVS MAX V, two captives seated back-to-back at the foot of a trophy, their arms tied behind their backs; scarce;
Randygeki(h2)
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2621 PHRYGIA, Palaeobeudus. Hadrian, Mên Reference.
RPC III, 2621/4; vA, Phryg. I, 851-3; BMC 2
Obv. ΑΥ ΚΑΙ ΤΡΑ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС
Laureate and cuirassed bust of Hadrian, r., with paludamentum, seen from rear.
Rev. ΠΑΛΑΙΟΒΕΥΔΗΝΩΝ
Mên standing l., wearing short chiton and cloak, with crescent behind shoulders, holding pine-cone in his r. hand, resting with l. on spear
5.40 gr
23 mm
6hokidoki
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268-270 AD - Claudius Gothicus - RIC V 032 or 033 - FELICITAS AVGEmperor: Claudius Gothicus (r. 268-270 AD)
Date: 268-270 AD
Condition: Fine
Denomination: Antoninianus
Obverse: IMP (C?) CLAVDIVS AVG
Imperator Emperor Claudius
Head right; radiate
Reverse: FELICITAS AVG
The Emperor provides happiness and success.
Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopia.
"B" in right field (Rome mint, second officina)
RIC V 32 or 33, VM 10
2.47g; 21.8mm; 180°Pep
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2783 PISIDIA, Conana. Hadrian, Mên standingReference.
RPC III, 2783/4; vA Pisid. II, 782-3
Obv. ΑΥ ΤΡΑ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС
Laureate and cuirassed bust of Hadrian, right
Rev. ΚΟΝΑΝΕΩΝ
Mên standing l. holding pine-cone on his r. hand, l. resting on staff
3.49 gr
16 mm
12hokidoki
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2817 PISIDIA, Timbriada. Hadrian. Mên standingReference. very rare
RPC III, 2817A
unpublished in the standard references.
CNG eAuction 354 lot 342; Gitbud & Naumann Auction 29 lot 468 ; Heidelberger Münzhandlung Herbert Grün Auction 64 lot 2119
Obv. TPA AΔPIA
Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right.
Rev. TIMBPIAΔЄΩN
Mên standing left with phrygian cap , holding pine cone and sceptre.
3.06 gr
16 mm
6hokidoki
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4" Spinosaurus ToothSpinosaurus (meaning "spine lizard") is a genus of theropod dinosaur which lived in what is now North Africa, from the lower Albian to Cenomanian stages of the Cretaceous period, about 106 to 93.5 million years ago. This genus was first known from Egyptian remains discovered in the 1910s and described by German paleontologist Ernst Stromer. These original remains were destroyed in World War II, but additional skull material has come to light in recent years. It is unclear whether one or two species are represented in the described fossils. The best known species is S. aegyptiacus from Egypt, although a potential second species, S. maroccanus, has been recovered from Morocco. Spinosaurus is often postulated as a piscivore, and work using oxygen isotope ratios in tooth enamel suggests that it was semiaquatic, living both on land and in water like a modern crocodilian.ancientone
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4) Antony and Julius CaesarMark Antony and Julius Caesar
AR Denarius (18mm, 3.84 g, 6h).
Autumn 43 BC. Military mint traveling with Antony in Cisalpine Gaul.
Bare head of Mark Antony, bearded, right; lituus behind / Bare head of Julius Caesar right; capis behind.
Crawford 488/2; CRI 123; Sydenham 1166; RSC 3.
VF, lightly toned, bankers’ marks.
Property of Princeton Economics acquired by Martin Armstrong. Ex Stack’s (3 December 1996), lot 769.
Ex CNG
RM0009Sosius
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5) Lepidus: Antony and LepidusThe Triumvirs. Mark Antony and Lepidus. May-summer 43 BC. AR Quinarius (13mm, 1.81 g, 6h). Military mint traveling with Antony and Lepidus in Transalpine Gaul. Emblems of the augurate: lituus, capis, and raven standing left / Emblems of the pontificate: simpulum, aspergillum, securis, and apex. Crawford 489/3; King 73; CRI 120; Sydenham 1158a; RSC 3. Near VF, porous, banker’s marks on obverse and reverse.
Ex CNG
RM0007Sosius
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514. Valentinian IIValentinian II (371 - 392) was elevated as Western Roman Emperor at the age of four in 375, along with his half-brother Gratian.
Valentinian and his family lived in Milan, and the empire was nominally divided between them. Gratian took the trans- Alpine provinces, while Italy, Illyricum in part, and Africa were to be under the rule of Valentinian, or rather of his mother, Justina. Justina was an Arian, and the imperial court at Milan struggled against the Catholics of that city, led by their bishop Ambrose. The popularity of Ambrose was so great that the emperors' authority was materially shaken. In 387, Magnus Maximus, a Roman consul who had commanded an army in Briton, and in 383 (the year of Gratian's death) had declared himself emperor of Western Rome, crossed the Alps into the valley of the Po and threatened Milan.
The emperor Valentinian II and his mother fled to Theodosius I, the Eastern Roman Emperor and Valentinian's brother in law. Valentinian was restored in 388 by Theodosius, following the death of Magnus Maximus.
On May 15, 392, Valentinian was found hanged in his residence in the town of Vienne in Gaul. The Frankish soldier Arbogast, Valentinian's protector and magister militum, maintained that it was suicide. Arbogast and Valentinian had frequently disputed rulership over the Western Roman Empire, and Valentinian was also noted to have complained of Arbogast's control over him to Theodosius. Thus when word of his death reached Constantinople Theodosius believed, or at least suspected, that Arbogast was lying and that he had engineered Valentinian's demise. These suspicions were further fueled by Arbogast's elevation of a Eugenius, pagan official to the position of Western Emperor, and the veiled accusations which Ambrose, the Bishop of Milan, spoke during his funeral oration for Valentinian.
Valentinian II's death sparked a civil war between Eugenius and Theodosius over the rulership of the West in the Battle of the Frigidus. The resultant Eastern victory there led to the final brief unification of the Roman Empire under Theodosius, and the ultimate irreparable division of the Empire after his death.
Bronze AE3, RIC 22, VF, 2.19g, 17.7mm, 0o, Arelate mint, 378-383 A.D.; obverse D N VALENTINIANVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right; reverse VICTORIAE AVGGG, Victory advancing left holding wreath in right and palm frond in left, [S]CON in ex;Ex Aiello;Ex Forumecoli
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9.04 Roma commemorative: Arelate.AE3, 335, Arelate (Constantina) mint.
Obverse: VRBS ROMA / Helmeted bust of Roma, facing left.
Reverse: She-wolf with Romulus and Remus.
Mint mark: PCONST, two stars above with "pine tree" between.
2.56 gm., 17 mm.
RIC #392; LRBC #396; Sear #16500.Callimachus
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92 Victorinus AD 269 - 271Obv. IMP C VICTORINVS P F AVG
Radiate and cuirassed bust to right
Rev. SALVS AVG
Salus standing to right, feeding snake held in arms
RIC 67, 2,036g , Colonia Agrippinensis - Antoninanus -
Ex Roma Numismatic Ltd E-Auction 107 Lot 1137 03/16/2023Priscus
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Abraham Lincoln Presidential MedalObv: ABRAHAM LINCOLN, bust of the 16th President facing right.
Rev: A wreath of oak and laurel with a pearled border with the inscription: "INAUGURATED PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES MARCH 4, 1861. SECOND TERM MARCH 4, 1865. ASSASSINATED APRIL 14, 1865." Within the wreath is a spray of pine and cedar, circled by a serpent with its tail in its mouth – the Egyptian symbol of eternity and immortality.
Engraver: George T. Morgan
Mint: Philadelphia, Date: 1886 (20th Century Restrike), Bronze, Diameter: 76 mmMatt Inglima
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Achaea. Corinthia, Corinth. Lucius Verus AE26 Melikertes-PalaimonPeloponnesus. Corinthia, Corinth. Obv. bare-headed bust of Lucius Verus wearing cuirass, r. [IMP L AVR VERVS AVG] Rev. Melikertes-Palaimon riding on dolphin, l.; in pine wreath C L I COR.
A fragmentary Isthmian ode of Pindar portrays the founding of the Isthmian Games as a funerary celebration for Melikertes. Examination of the language in which Pindar speaks of the cults of other heroes at places where athletic contests were celebrated in their honour leads to the conclusion that Melikertes was worshipped as a hero at the Isthmian Sanctuary, at least by the time of Pindar, although no remains of a shrine to him before the Roman period have been found.ancientone
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Achaea. Corinthia, Corinth. Caracalla Æ24.Obv: Laureate, draped bust of Caracalla left. Melikertes-Palaimon.
Rev: CLI COR / Melikertes-Palaimon reclining right on the back of a dolphin, pine tree in background.
24mm., 8.1 g.
BCD Corinth 930.ancientone
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AE 12; Zeus/ HibiscusRhodos, Caria, c. 225 B.C. Bronze AE 12, SNG Cop 797, nice F, Rhodos mint, 1.967g, 11.7mm, 0o, c. 225 BC; obverse laureate head of Zeus right; reverse PO, rose, sun-disk behind; rare. Based on the unusual Zeus obverse, this small bronze could be connected to Ptolemy III of Egypt. A devastating earthquake struck Rhodes in 226 B.C. It knocked down the Colossus of Rhodes and destroyed the city. Polybius records that Ptolemy III promised the Rhodians '300 talents of silver, a million artabae of corn, ship-timber for 10 quinqueremes and 10 triremes, consisting of 40,000 cubits of squared pine planking, 1000 talents of bronze coinage, 180,000 pounds of tow (for ropes), 3000 pieces of sailcloth, 3000 talents (of copper?) for the repair of the Colossus, 100 master-builders with 350 workmen, and 14 talents yearly to pay their wages. Beside this, he gave 12,000 artabae of corn for their public games and sacrifices, and 20,000 artabae for victualling 10 triremes. The greater part of these goods were delivered at once, as well as one-third of the money named.' This issue shows perceived harmony with, or thanks to Ptolemaic Egypt. -- J. Ashton, Rhodian Bronze Coinage and the Earthquake of 229. Ex FORVMPodiceps
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Aigina. Sea Turtle Stater.Greece. Aigina. 510-490 BC. AR Stater (12.37 gm, 22.0mm). Sea Turtle, head turned to right, with vestige of collar. Row of dots down dorsal spine, if any, has disappeared with wear of coin or die and skew countermark. / Incuse square with "Union Jack" pattern of eight incuse triangles, three broken (irregularly filled). Graffitti. VF. Bt. Coral Gables, 2001. SNG Cop 3 (Attica-Aegina) #501-503; SNG Delepierre 1551ff; SNG Munich 529/532; ACNAC Rosen 216; Asyut Gp.II; HGC 6 #430; McClean 6004-5; Meadows Aegina Gp II a-b; Milbank Pd.I (pl.I #3); Selinas Hoard ANSMN 33 Gp.2 #90-91 (same rev. die?).Anaximander
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Anglo-Saxon, Continental Sceattas, AR Sceat. UK Metal Detecting find from Kirkburn in Yorkshire.Frisia 710-750 A.D. 0.79g - 11.5mm, Axis 3h.
Obv: 'Porcupine' with four legs below, pellet triangle below.
Rev: Beaded standard, with annulet at center and concentric beaded square; T-shaped ornaments in margin.
Spink 790D; Abramson 96.10; SCBI 63 (BM), - ; North 45.Christian Scarlioli
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Anglo-Saxon: Continental Sceattas, AE Sceatt - Contemporary Imitation, Series E. Unknown mint 695-740 A.D. 0.95g - 11.9mm, Axis 12h.
Obv: 'Porcupine' facing left with four legs below, pellet triangle below.
Rev: Beaded standard, with annulet at centre and three V's and one X in the angles, V shaped decoration with pellets around outside.
Rated Rare.
Contemporary Imitation of an 'Unpublished type' link of the silver type https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=26969Christian Scarlioli
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Anglo-Saxon: Continental Sceattas, AR Sceat. UK Metal Detecting find from Kirkburn in Yorkshire.Frisia 710-750 A.D. 0.79g - 11.5mm, Axis 3h.
Obv: 'Porcupine' with four legs below, pellet triangle below.
Rev: Beaded standard, with annulet at center and concentric beaded square; T-shaped ornaments in margin.
Ref: Spink 790D; Abramson 96.10; SCBI 63 (BM), –; North 45.
Provenance: Chris Scarlioli Collection.
Christian Scarlioli
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AnonymousAnonymous. 211-210 BC. AR Victoriatus (16.5mm, 3.14 g, 6h). Spearhead (first) series. Mint in southeast Italy. Laureate head of Jupiter right within border of dots / Victory standing right, placing wreath on trophy; Roma in exergue.
In around 218 BC, at roughly the same time as the appearance of the silver denarius, mints in the Roman Republic began to strike silver coins bearing on the obverse a bust of Jupiter and on the reverse a figure of Victory placing a wreath upon a trophy. Known as a victoriatus in Latin or tropaikon in Greek, this coin was primarily issued to facilitate payments in Greek-speaking southern Italy, where its weight was roughly equivalent to a drachm or half nomos. Rome at this time had a great need for coinage, as the Second Punic War then raged across Italy, and the city needed silver to pay her allies. This function is demonstrated by the hoard evidence, which shows that their circulation was generally limited to southern Italy, and later Cisalpine Gaul and Spain.
The victoriatus was generally struck in less pure silver than the denarius, rarely meeting the same 90% standard, yet it generally followed the same overall pattern of debasements. Despite this, it proved to be an important coin for the budding empire. Though the type was discontinued around 170 BC, the coins themselves continued to circulate, eventually becoming worn enough to function in the marketplace as quinarii. Accordingly, even into the early Imperial period, the silver quinarius was also sometimes refered to as a victoriatus.ecoli
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Anonymous Wheel Cr.79/1Crawford 79/1 Wheel (209-8BC) Sicily?
Denarius Serratus
Ob: helmeted head of Roma right, behind X
Rev: Dioscuri riding right with lances, below wheel, in exergue ROMA; line border
BMCRR II 308 (217-197BC)
Sydenham 519 (113BC) Narbo
Iridescent highlights, 4.4gr.
Grueber: The wheel maybe a symbol of the moneyer rather than of a mint, although it does occur on aes grave of Campania and central Italy, and the early coins of Luceria and Tartentum. This is the earliest occurrence of the serratus on republican denarii and the only anonymous. Only serratus attributed to a mint other than Rome by Count de Salis.
Sydenham classifies this serratus with Porcia 8 at the colony of Narbo. The serrated edge may have been suggested by the Gaulish custom of using serrated rings or wheels as currency. Tacitus stated that the Gaulish tribes showed a marked preference for coins that were serrati bigatique (Germania 5) Sydenham wrote an article entitled “Origin of the Roman Serrati” NC 1935 209 ff.
Crawford writes that Mattingly’s view that serrati were Marian coins was demolished by Sydenham’s article, but his view that they were struck at non-Italian mints for Trans-alpine circulation does not hold either. Grueber’s view that they are probably merely decorative best remaining theory. Crawford Vol 2 p. 581
Tacitus Germania 5 pecuniam probant veterem et diu notam, serratos bigatosque. They approve the old and long known money, those that are serrated and biga depicting.
rennrad12020
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Antoninus Pius - Pappa-Tiberiopolis138-161 AD
laureate head right
AVT KAI AΔP__ANTωNEINOC
Mên half left wearing Phrygian cap, crescent behind shoulders, foot on Bucranium, holding pine cone and long scepter
ΤΙΒƐΡΙE_ω_Ν ΠΑΠΠΗΝ(ωΝ)
vA Pisid. I, 1149-73, BMC 1-2, Cop 176-7; Volume IV, № 7694
5,5g 20mmJ. B.
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Antonius - Legionary Coinage, Legio V AlaudaeObv. [ANT AVG] IIIVIR RPC, galley right, mast with banners at prow;
Rev. LEG V, legionary eagle between two standards;
18mm, 3,40 gr.
Patrae, military mint of Antony, 31 B.C.
References: RRC544, RSC 32, Sear 1479
Legio V Alaudae was the first legion to be raised from non-Romans. These men were transalpine Gauls, enrolled by Caesar in 52 B.C, and took to wearing lark's feathers on their helmets - hence their epithet, Alaudae, "the Larks". The Fifth was long believed to have been destroyed in, or dissolved after the Batavian Revolt of 69/70 AD, where they participated with the rest of the Rhine legions and the Treveri and Lingones in the uprising. However, epigraphic material now indicates the presence of the Fifth on the Danube in Flavian times. Records disappear again soon afterward, and it may have been lost in the Dacian Wars under Domitian. Syltorian
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AR Sceatta, Series-EEarly Anglo-Saxon, Continental Issue Porcupine Sceatta 695-740 AD, Series E.
Obv: Degenerate porcupine head enclosing three bars. Rev: Votive standard with TOTII design and pellets inside and crosses at sides. Extremely Fine,
(Metcalf-227; S-790A)
1.14 GmsVacolony
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AS OF IRIPPO. Hispania, Irippo (area of Seville), 25 mm, 5.07 g. Semis. ca.30 BC. IRIPPO,
inscription before bare head of Augustus (Octavian) right / female seated left holding pine cone and cornucopiae.
RPC 55; Burgos 1238; Mionnet 402. _2050Antonivs Protti
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AS OF IRIPPO. Hispania, Irippo (area of Seville), CA.30 BC. IRIPPO INSCRIPTION BEFORE BARE HEAD OF AUGUSTUS (OCTAVIAN) RIGHT / FEMALE SEATED LEFT HOLDING PINE CONE AND CORNUCOPIAE.
RPC 55; BURGOS 1238; MIONNET 402.Antonivs Protti
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Asia Minor, Mysia, Pergamon, Apollo, bull’s heads, pine coneMysia, Pergamon
AE10, 420-400 BC
Obv.: Laureate head of Apollo right
Rev.: Confronted bull’s heads; Pine cone above, ΠΕΡΓA below.
AE, 0.81g, 9.5mm
Ref.: ?shanxi
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BCC GR5 Demetrias by the SeaDemetrias by the Sea
1st Century BCE
Obv:Turreted, veiled bust of Tyche rt.
Rev:LA / (Δ)Η Aphlaston
Dia. 17.5 x 16mm. Thickness: 2.5mm.
Weight: 3.45gm. Axis:0
Reference: Kushnir-Stein 1995 no. 6 and
Farhi-Bessarabov INR 14, 2019, no. 3
Extremely rare. Additional Caesarea Papers
by Lampinen and Stieglitz also discuss these
coins. The original article, calling attention to a
Seleucid coastal town named Demetrias was
published by H. Seyrig in 1950. The possible
locations of this city in Southern Phoenicia are
controversial. One suggestion has been Strato's
Tower, predecessor to Caesarea Maritima. Research
into the origin of these coins is on-going, and any
ideas are welcome.
Surface find, Caesarea Maritima, 1972.v-drome
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Bithynia, Nikaia, 062 Severus Alexander (222-235 A.D.), BMC 103var., AE-22, ΝΙΚΑΙΕΩN, Bithynia, Nikaia, 062 Severus Alexander (222-235 A.D.), BMC 103var., AE-22, ΝΙΚΑΙΕΩN,
avers:- M AVP CEVH AΛEΞANΔROC AV, Laureate, cuirassed bust right, seen from behind.
revers:- ΝΙ-ΚΑ-ΙΕ-ΩN, Between three legionary standards.
exe: -/-//--, diameter: 22mm, weight: 9,07g, axis: 5h,
mint: Bithynia, Nikaia, date: , ref: Kemppinen S204, BMC 103var. ,
Q-001quadrans
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Bithynia, Nikaia, 062 Severus Alexander (222-235 A.D.), BMC 103var., AE-22, ΝΙΚΑΙΕΩN, #2Bithynia, Nikaia, 062 Severus Alexander (222-235 A.D.), BMC 103var., AE-22, ΝΙΚΑΙΕΩN, #2
avers:- M AVP CEV AΛEΞANΔROC AVΓ (AVΓ in ligature), Laureate, cuirassed bust right, seen from behind.
revers:- ΝΙ-ΚΑ-ΙΕ-ΩN, Between three legionary standards.
exe: -/-//--, diameter: 21mm, weight: 4,63g, axis: 7h,
mint: Bithynia, Nikaia, date: , ref: Kemppinen S402, BMC 103var. ,
Q-002quadrans
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Bithynia, Tion, Trajan, Rec.Gen.II, 28 varTrajan, AD 98-117
AE 27, 11.47g, 26.8mm, 210°
obv. AVT NER TRAIANOC - KAICAR CEB GER
Bust, laureate, r.
rev. DIONYCOC - K - T - ICT TIANWN
Dionysos, wearing himation and wreathed, stg. frontal, head l., holding in l. hand filleted
thyrsos decorated with pine-cones on both ends and in lowered r. hand
kantharos; on his l. side a panther std. l., looking up to him.
Rec. Gen. II, p.620, 28 var., pl. CVII, 2 (has DINYCOC!)
F+/about VF, nice green patinaJochen
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Byzantine Anonymous Follis: Class A1 - Imitative [001]6.88 grams
26.3 mm
Imitative anonymous follis imitating the official Class A type under John I. Possibly of Balkan, or Asia Minor origin. Struck ca. 970 – 980 AD. Double struck, with crude, retrograde, and/or blundered legends on both obverse and reverse.
See Lampinen Imitative p. 154 for a similar imitative pieces where he writes, "The second phase of Balkan coinage production goes into high gear with the introduction of the anonymous follis series during the reign of John I (969 - 976). The explicit Christian imagery must have struck a chord with the recently converted Balkan masses because the official mint issues were accompanied by a fair quantity of copies, to meet the excess demand. These Christian issues would also be the prototypes for the initial coinage of several medieval Christian states, such as the first Crusader issues of Edessa and Antioch, medieval Armenia and distant Georgia in the Caucasus."
(photo and comments courtesy FORVM Ancient Coins)
cmcdon0923
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Byzantine Anonymous Follis: Class A1 - Imitative [002]6.03 grams
24.8 mm
Imitative anonymous follis imitating the official Class A type under John I. Possibly of Balkan, or Asia Minor origin. Struck ca. 970 – 980 AD. Double struck, with crude, retrograde, and/or blundered legends on both obverse and reverse.
See Lampinen Imitative p. 154 for a similar imitative pieces where he writes, "The second phase of Balkan coinage production goes into high gear with the introduction of the anonymous follis series during the reign of John I (969 - 976). The explicit Christian imagery must have struck a chord with the recently converted Balkan masses because the official mint issues were accompanied by a fair quantity of copies, to meet the excess demand. These Christian issues would also be the prototypes for the initial coinage of several medieval Christian states, such as the first Crusader issues of Edessa and Antioch, medieval Armenia and distant Georgia in the Caucasus."
(photo and comments courtesy FORVM Ancient Coins)cmcdon0923
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C. Annius T.f. T.n. Luscus and L. Fabius L.f. Hispaniensis - AR denarius²Transalpine Gaul / ¹north Italy
²82 BC / ¹82-81 BC
diademed draped bust of Anna Parenna right; caduceus left, scales right, dagger below
C·ANNI·T·F·T·N_·_PRO·COS·EX·S·C·
Victory in quadriga right, holding palm branch and reins
Q .
L·FABI·L·F·HISP
¹Crawford 366/1a, SRCV I 289, Sydenham 748, RSC I Annia 2
²Mark Passehl - Roman moneyer & coin type chronology, 150 – 50 BC
3,7g 19,5mm
ex Gitbud and Naumann
Moneyer apparently used Anna Parenna as a pun to his name Annius. It is the only known depiction of Anna Parenna whose identity is very complicated.
"An older myth tells that Anna Perenna was an old woman from the city of Bollivae in Latium. The myth tells that Anna Perenna brought bread and cakes to the Plebeians who wanted to separate from Rome because of their unequal status as Plebeians in 494 BC and so she saved them from starving. This is why she was popular on the common people and considered as goddes after her death.
A later tradition from the time of the myth of Aeneas made Anna the sister of Dido. After Dido has committed suicide and Carthage was conquered she had to fly. A heavy storm throw her to the coast of Latium at Laurentum where Aeneas was the ruler. Aeneas and his companion went to the beach and he recognized her and took her to his palace. In a dream Anna was warned to be alarmed at the traps that Lavinia, Aeneas' wife, would set for her so she fled from the palace. While she was wandering she met Numicius, the god of a nearby stream who carried her off to his bed. The servants of Aeneas searched for Anna and followed her tracks to the river bank a shape rose from the water and revealed to them that Anna had become a water nymph, whose new name, Perenna, signified eternity. Aeneas' servants in their joy scattered among the fields and passed the day in feasting and festivities, which became established as an annual celebration of the festival of Anna Perenna. There is another opinion too that she committed suicide by drowning in the river Numicius because of her desperation.
In another myth she was an old woman again. Mars was fallen in love to Minerva, sworn virgin. Mars asked Anna Perenna for interceding on his behalf. But instead of this - knowing about the impossibility of his wishes - she dressed herself like Minerva and came to Mars veiled. When he tried to kiss her she lifted her veil, break out in laughter and mocked Mars. Minerva's main festival, the Quinquatrus, was celebrated 4 days after the festival of Anna Perenna so this could be reason of this story." from Jochen's coins of mythological interest.J. B.
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C. Annius T.f. T.n. Luscus and L. Fabius L.f. Hispaniensis - AR denarius²Transalpine Gaul / ¹north Italy
²82 BC / ¹82-81 BC
diademed draped bust of Anna Parenna right; caduceus left, scales right
C·ANNIVS·T·F·T·_N·PRO·COS·EX·S·C·
I
Victory in quadriga right, holding palm branch and reins
HISP.Q
L·FABI·L·F
²Crawford 366/3a, SRCV I 289, Sydenham 748, RSC I Annia 2
¹Mark Passehl - Roman moneyer & coin type chronology, 150 – 50 BC
3,8g 18mm
ex Soler y Llach
Moneyer apparently used Anna Parenna as a pun to his name Annius. It is the only known depiction of Anna Parenna whose identity is very complicated.
"An older myth tells that Anna Perenna was an old woman from the city of Bollivae in Latium. The myth tells that Anna Perenna brought bread and cakes to the Plebeians who wanted to separate from Rome because of their unequal status as Plebeians in 494 BC and so she saved them from starving. This is why she was popular on the common people and considered as goddes after her death.
A later tradition from the time of the myth of Aeneas made Anna the sister of Dido. After Dido has committed suicide and Carthage was conquered she had to fly. A heavy storm throw her to the coast of Latium at Laurentum where Aeneas was the ruler. Aeneas and his companion went to the beach and he recognized her and took her to his palace. In a dream Anna was warned to be alarmed at the traps that Lavinia, Aeneas' wife, would set for her so she fled from the palace. While she was wandering she met Numicius, the god of a nearby stream who carried her off to his bed. The servants of Aeneas searched for Anna and followed her tracks to the river bank a shape rose from the water and revealed to them that Anna had become a water nymph, whose new name, Perenna, signified eternity. Aeneas' servants in their joy scattered among the fields and passed the day in feasting and festivities, which became established as an annual celebration of the festival of Anna Perenna. There is another opinion too that she committed suicide by drowning in the river Numicius because of her desperation.
In another myth she was an old woman again. Mars was fallen in love to Minerva, sworn virgin. Mars asked Anna Perenna for interceding on his behalf. But instead of this - knowing about the impossibility of his wishes - she dressed herself like Minerva and came to Mars veiled. When he tried to kiss her she lifted her veil, break out in laughter and mocked Mars. Minerva's main festival, the Quinquatrus, was celebrated 4 days after the festival of Anna Perenna so this could be reason of this story." from Jochen's coins of mythological interest.J. B.
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C. Valerius Flaccus - AR denarius²Transalpine Gaul / ¹Massalia?
¹²82 BC
draped and winged bust of Victory right, hair braided and drawn back into a knot, wearing earring and necklace
M
aquila, signum of Hastati at the left, signum of Princeps at the right
C·(VAL).FLA // IMPERAT
H__P
EX·_S·C
¹Crawford 365/1b; Sydenham 747b; Valeria 12b.
²Mark Passehl - Roman moneyer & coin type chronology, 150 – 50 BC
3,8g 17mm
ex Soler y LlachJ. B.
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Caria, Attuda, Men / temple, AE2323mm, 5.31g
obv: MHN KAROV; bust of Mên Karou right, wearing Phrygian cap, uncertain countermark
rev: A-TTOV-Δ - EΩN, large garlanded altar of Mên, on it, three pinecones, two small flaming altars between
BMC 18, p. 65, #18areich
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Cast Dolphin Proto MoneyBronze cast Dolphins
Description: bronze dolphin, sometimes with raised eye, spine, dorsal fin and/or tail
Mint: Olbia (Parutino, Ukraine) mint
Ids: cf. SGCV I 1684, SNG BM 360 ff., SNG Stancomb 334 ff., SNG Pushkin 12 ff., SNG Cop 67 ff.
Notes: 1. Purchased from Forum Ancient Coins summer 2010ickster
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Chulalongkorn Coat of ArmsChulalongkorn (Rama V--Chakri Dynasty) Coat of Arms
Origin/Meaning:
The arms of the Kingdom of Siam were created during the reign of King Chulalongkorn the Great, Rama V, when the Kingdom was exposed to Western traditions, ideas, and also European threat of colonialism. King Chulalongkorn, who visited Europe twice, modernized Siam and adopted many of the European traditions to his court, including the use of heraldry.
On the top of the coat of arms is the Great Victory Crown of Thailand, the most important royal regalia and the symbol of kingship. Under the crown is the symbol of the Royal House of Chakri, the King's royal family, which is a disc intersected with a trident. The royal multi-tiered umbrellas of state are also present on either side of the crown. To both sides of the coat of arms are the other regalia, the royal sword and the royal baton. In the background is the draped robe - either the Royal robe of the King or the robe of the Order of Chulachomklao - an order created by the King. The supporters are two (again) mythical creatures, one is the Royal Lion, rajasiha, and the other is Elephant Lion, gaja-siha.
The shield itself is partitioned into three parts, signifying the Thai part of the Kingdom (the 3-headed elephant) on the top, the Laotian suzerainty (another elephant), and the Malay suzerainty (two "kris", or Malayan short swords).
The chain under the Arms is a necklace that is a part of the Order of Chulachomklao.
The ribbon under the Arms is inscribed with the motto (in Pali, the language of the Buddhist canon) which may be translated as "Unity brings happiness".
When the present seal (the Garuda) was made the State symbol, King Chulalongkorn's great arms were no longer used as a State symbol, however, it still adorns the hats of Thai police officers to this day.
Literature : Information provided by Apirat Sugondhabhirom
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Sitemap © Ralf Hartemink 1996, -
Cleisthenes
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CILICIA, HIERAPOLIS-CASTABALA2nd-1st ccentury B.C.
AE 21 mm; 5.27 g
O: Turreted head of Tyche r., monogram in left field
R: IEROPOLITWN / TWN PROS TWI / PURAMWI / THS IERAS - KAI / ASULOUGoddess wearing long dress and kalathos, seated left, holding scepter and patera; pine branch in outer right field
laney
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Claudius RIC I, 38Claudius, AD 41 - 54
AV - Aureus, 7.71g, 18mm
Rome 46/47
obv. TI CLAVD CAESAR AVG PM TRP VI IMP XI
laureate head r.
rev. PACI AVGVSTAE
Pax/Nemesis walking r., holding with l. hand caduceus
and point with it at snake at her feet; holding fold of the
robe before her chin
RIC I, 38; C.57; von Kaenel 628 (this specimen!)
R2; about VF
One of my favorite coins due to its pedigree:
ex Glandining & Co. Sale Nr. 2, London, 15.7.1029, Nr.666 (depicted)
(ex coll. Moritz Simon, Berlin)
ex Cahn, Auktion 68, Frankfurt, 26.11.1930, Nr. 232 (depicted)
ex M&M, Basel
ex Dr. Brandt, Klassische Münzen, Tübingen, February 2002
from Curtis Clay: Herbert Cahn, one of the greatest
German coin houses, had to flee from the Nazis to Switzerland
1 NEMESIS, Goddess of rightful distribution
2 CADUCEUS, holding caduceus to snake = welfare
3 The interpretation of N.'s gesture, holding fold of the robe to the chin as spitting in the neck and symbol for happiness, is doubtful. Rossbach thinks it may be a gesture of modesty!
This all stands for the politics of Claudius!Jochen
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Colonial Mexico, Ferdinand VII, King of Spain, 1808 - 1833 A.D., 1821 D CG 8RSilver 8 reales, KM 111.2, aVF, areas of pitting, Durango mint, weight 26.755g, maximum diameter 38.6mm, die axis 0o, 1821 A.D.; obverse •FERDIN • VII • DEI • GRATIA •, laureate and draped bust of Ferdinand right, date 1821 below; reverse • HISPAN • ET IND • REX • D • 8R • C • G •, crowned Spanish coat of arms, flanked by pillars of Hercules draped with banner reading "PLVS VLTRA;" ex FORVM.
The Spanish dollar (also known as the piece of eight, the real de a ocho or the eight-real coin) is a silver coin, of approximately 50mm Ø, worth eight reales, that was minted in the Spanish Empire after a Spanish currency reform in 1497. Its purpose was to correspond to the German thaler. It was the coin upon which the US dollar was based, and it remained legal tender in the United States until the Coinage Act of 1857 discontinued the practice. Because it was widely used in Europe, the Americas, and the Far East, it became the first world currency by the late 18th century. Many existing currencies, such as the Canadian dollar, United States dollar, and the Chinese yuan, as well as currencies in Latin America and the Philippine peso, were initially based on the Spanish dollar and other 8-reales coins.
Silver 8 real coin of Ferdinand VII of Spain, 1821
Cleisthenes
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Continental 'Porcupine' type Sceatta of FrisiaAnglo-Saxon. Continental AR Sceatta 695-740 AD. (0.86 gm, 12mm) of Frisia, series E. Degenerate 'Porcupine' type right, curve enclosing four bars, triangle right. / VICO type, square standard w/ VIC (wic, emporium) around central O annulet. I formed by three pellets. Traces of pseudo-inscription to right. EF. Glenn Schinke, FUN show, 2015. Spink SCBC 790A; MEC I #650; North 48; SCBI I 238; Abramson 88.10; SCBI 63 (BMC) 319ff.Anaximander
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Continental SceattaContinental AR sceat, series E (0.76 g, 12 mm). Minted in Frisia (Dorestad) circa 710-765. Obverse: "Porcupine" right. Reverse: Standard.Jan
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Continental SceattaContinental AR sceat, series E (1.10 g, 12 mm). Minted in Frisia (Dorestad) circa 710-765. Obverse: "Porcupine" right. Reverse: Standard TOT.Jan
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Corinthia, Corinth, Marcus Aurelius, SNG Cop. 329Marcus Aurelius, AD 161-180
AE 25, 11.25g
obv. M AVR AN[TONI] - NVS A[VG]
bust, laureate, r.
rev. CLI - COR
The young Melikertes laying on a dolphin, swimming r., behind a pine-tree(?)
SNG Copenhagen 329; Lindgren 1619; BCD 700; Edwards 150, pl.IV
rare, good F-about VF, green-brown patina
added to www.wildwinds.com
Corinth at this time was a Roman colony, therefore the Latin inscriptions.
The revers legend CLI - COR is solved to COLONIA LAUS IULIA CORINTHUS.
For more information look at the thread 'Coins of mythological interest'Jochen
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