| Image search results - "pain" |
As - 43/36 BC. - Mint in Spain or Sicily
SEXTVS POMPEIVS - Gens Pompeia
Obv.: MGN above laureate janiform head with features of Pompey the Great
Rev.:Prow of galley right. PIVS above, IMP below.
Gs. 16,3 mm. 29,24
Crawf. 479/1, Sear RCV 1394, Grueber II (Spain) 95
Maxentius
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Spain, New World Colonies under Philip II 1551-1555. Copper 4-Maravedis. Countermarked IIII and dated counter-mark on reverse.Castvlo
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Spain, New World Colonies under Philip II 1551-1555. Copper 8-Maravedis. Countermarked and obliterated monogram and castle on reverse.Castvlo
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Spanien
2 Centimos
1870 OM
Münzstätte: Barcelona
Vs.: Löwe mit Wappen
Rs.: Sitzende Liberty
Erhaltung: Sehr schön
Metall: Kupfer
20 mm, 1,87 g _499Antonivs Protti
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Spanien
Isabel II. 1833-1868
8 Maravedis
1845
Münzstätte: Segovia
Vs.: Büste n. r., darunter Jahreszahl
Rs.: Wappen im Feld, vier Lilien ins Kreuz gestellt, in den Winkeln Wappen von Kastilien und Leon
Erhaltung: Sehr schön / schön
Metall: Kupfer
28 mm, 9,50 g _490Antonivs Protti
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Indian Mughal, original miniature painting with illuminated borders painted on the reverse of an unrelated original 18th Century Persian manuscript with mentions of Mahadev (Shiva), Parvati, daughter of Himalaya and Byas. The folio script is about Byas begot Singh and Singh upbringing, suggesting Persian Abd al-Rahman Chishtis at Al-makhlukat (1631-32), which includes Islamic and Sanskrit sacred Parana - Ramayana and Mahabharata (Persian - Razm-nama) - the story of creation.Quant.Geek
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BERIA, Bolskan. Circa 150-100 BC. AR Denarius (17.5mm, 4.05 g, 1h). Bare bearded head right; Iberian bon to left / Warrior, holding spear, on horseback right; Iberian bolśkan below. ACIP 1417; SNG BM Spain 710–33. Ex. Triton XX, lot 1, 1/10/2017 (unsold), ex: CNG Electronic Auction 412, lot 1, 1/17/2018.paul1888
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CELTIBERIAN
AE 19.5 mm, 4.01 g
1st Century BC
O:Head right
R: Bull right, crescent above
Spain, possibly Castulolaney
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Spain - Carteia, San Roque (Cadiz) Ae Semis - 21 mm / 6.70 gr. _15+18Antonivs Protti
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Spain - Carteia, San Roque (Cadiz) Ae Semis - 23 mm / 13.50 gr. _20+18Antonivs Protti
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Spain - Carteia, San Roque (Cadiz) AE Semis - 22 mm / 8.08 gr. _13+18Antonivs Protti
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Spain - Castulo, Cazlona (Jaen) Ae Semis- 26 mm / 11.24 gr. _15+18Antonivs Protti
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Spain - Castulo, Cazlona (Jaén) Ae Semis - 17 mm / 15.21 gr. _38+18Antonivs Protti
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1st Century CE, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribes: Catuvellauni and Trinovantes, AE Unit, Struck c.10 - 40 at Verlamion under CunobelinusObverse: CVNO - BELIN. Bare head facing left.
Reverse: TASCIO. Metal worker, wielding hammer, seated facing right.
Diameter: 15mm | Weight: 2.24gms | Axis: 3h
Spink: 342 | ABC: 2969 | Van Arsdell 2097
CUNOBELINUS
Cunobelinus was a king in Iron Age Britain from about 9 CE until about 40 CE. He is mentioned by the Roman historians Suetonius and Dio Cassius, and many coins bearing his inscription have been found. Cunobelinus controlled a substantial portion of south-eastern Britain, including the territories of the Catuvellauni and the Trinovantes, and is called “Britannorum rex" (King of the Britons) by Suetonius. He appears to have been recognized by the Roman emperor Augustus as a client king, shown by the use of the Latin title Rex on some of his coins.
Numismatic evidence appears to indicate that Cunobelinus took power around AD 9 after the death of his father Tasciovanus, minting coins from both Camulodunum, capital of the Trinovantes and Verlamion (Roman Verulamium), capital of the Catuvellauni. Some of the Verulamium coins name him as the son of Tasciovanus, a previous king of the Catuvellauni. Cunobelinus' earliest issues are, however, from Camulodunum, indicating that he took power there first, and some have a palm or laurel wreath design, a motif borrowed from the Romans indicating a military victory. It is possible that he was emboldened to act against the Trinovantes, whose independence was protected by a treaty they made with Julius Caesar in 54 BC, because problems in Germania severely affected Augustus' ability to defend allies in Britain.
Cunobelinus, however, appears to have maintained quite good relations with the Roman Empire, he used classical motifs on his coins and his reign also saw an increase in trade with the continent. Archaeological evidence shows an increase in imported luxury goods, including wine and drinking vessels from Italy, olive oil and “garum” (fish sauce) from Spain, as well as glassware, jewellery, and tableware from the wider continent, all of which, from their distribution, appear to have entered Britain via the port of Camulodunum. Rome's lucrative trade with Britain was also reported by Strabo, according to him the island's exports included grain, gold, silver, iron, hides, slaves and hunting dogs. It seems likely that Cunobelinus was one of the British kings, mentioned by Strabo, who sent embassies to Augustus.
Cunobelinus died about 40, probably within a year of that date, as he was certainly dead by 43.
Traditionally it has been suggested that the “Lexden Tumulus” on the outskirts of Colchester was Cunobelinus' tomb, but without evidence confirming that, it is also possible that the tomb was built for the earlier Trinovantian king, Addedomarus. Interestingly there is a second tumulus, though this one is not so well known, 665m to the northwest of the Lexden burial mound, on a grassy area in the middle of a modern housing estate. This tumulus, known as ‘The Mount’, probably dates from around the same time as the well-known one at Fitzwalter Road, Lexden.
CLICK ON MAP BELOW TO ENLARGE IT
 *Alex
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2 Augustus and Ptolemy, King of Mauretania Æ Semis, Carthago Nova, Spain
C. Laetilius Apalus and Ptolemy, duoviri.
Bare head of Augustus right / Name and titles of the duoviri around diadem, REX PTOL inside
RPC 172; SNG Copenhagen 494
Ptolemy of Mauretania (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος, Latin: Ptolemaeus, 1 BC-40) was the son of Juba II and Cleopatra Selene and the grandson of Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony. He was the last Roman client King of Mauretania, and the last of the Ptolemy line.Sosius
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2 Augustus IrippoAUGUSTUS
Æ Semis of Irippo, Spain, 27 BC - 14 AD
IRIPPO, Bare head of Augustus right within wreath / Female figure seated left, holding pine-cone and cornucopia; all within wreath.
RPC 55; SNG Cop. 152-4. VF, green patina
RI0010Sosius
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3 Tiberius Tiberius
AE As, Turiaso, Spain
TI CAESAR AVG F AVGVSTVS IMP / II VIR in oak wreath, MVN TVRIASO MN SVLP LVCAN M SEMP FRONT
RPC.413, H.22
RI0052Sosius
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CASTULO, HISPANIA ULTERIOR, C. 165 - 80 BCEHeart shaped Bronze SNG Spain II 427 ff.; SNG BM Spain 1314ff.; SNG Loruchs 374; Sng Cop 209, Burgos 545;f, Castulo mint.
Obverse: diademed male head right, crescent before.
Reverse: helmeted sphinx walking right,star before, KASTILO in Iberic script below ex. 29.75 mm., 16.0 g.NORMAN K
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Louis XIII and Anne d'Autriche. AE (Brass) Jeton struck c.1615 - 1616Obverse: LVDO•XIII D G FR•ET•NA•ANNA•AVSTR•HISPAN. Crowned jugate busts of Louis XIII and Anne facing right, both wearing ruffs.
Reverse: Crown and two branches above two hearts, between which are the scrolled words CARITAS / *SPES* / *FIDES* in three lines above * L * - * A * (for Louis and Anne) either side of facing eagle. Below, scroll bearing the words •HANS•LAVFER•; in exergue H – L (for Hans Laufer) either side of floral device.
Struck at Nuremburg, Germany
Die engraver: Hans Laufer
Dimensions: 27.1mm | Weight: 3.87gms | Die Axis: 12
Ref. M: 3714 | Feuardent: 12329
Hans Laufer became Guild master at Nuremburg in 1611, though he had been responsible for issuing jetons from 1607. He died in 1632.
Louis XIII became king of France and Navarre in 1610, shortly before his ninth birthday, after his father Henry IV was assassinated. He ruled France until he died of Tuberculosis in 1643. Anne was betrothed to him at the age of eleven and, on 24th November 1615, they were married by proxy in Burgos. The marriage following the tradition of cementing military and political alliances between France and Spain that had begun with the marriage of Philip II of Spain to Elisabeth of Valois in 1559 as part of the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis. Anne and Louis, both fourteen years old, were pressured to consummate their marriage in order to forestall any possibility of future annulment, but this was ignored and Louis' mother, Marie de Medici, continued to conduct herself as Queen of France, without showing any deference to her daughter-in-law. However, in 1617, Louis conspired with Charles d'Albert, Duke of Luynes, to dispense with his mother's influence and she was ousted in a palace coup d'état which also saw her favourite, Concino Concini, assassinated. Louis turned now to Cardinal Richelieu as his advisor but Anne was opposed to Richelieu and became embroiled in several intrigues against him. This inevitably created tension between Louis and Anne. But despite this, and after having endured several stillbirths, in 1638 Anne finally gave birth to a son, the future Louis XIV, and the Bourbon line was further secured when in 1640 she gave birth to a second son, Philippe. *Alex
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Louis XIV (1643 – 1715), AE Jeton struck c.1650Obverse: LVD•XIIII•D•G•FR•ET•NAV•REX. Laureate and draped youthful bust of Louis XIV facing right.
Reverse: IVSTIS•SPES•PACIS•IN ARMIS. Pax, helmeted, seated on a pile of arms, holding an olive branch in her outstretched right hand and a narrow cornucopia in her left.
Dimensions: 27.94mm | Weight: 6.8gms | Die Axis: 12
Ref. Feuardent: 12482 var.
Struck at unverified mint, probably Monnaie de Louvre, Paris, France
Die engraver: Jean Varin
Jean Varin (6 February 1604 Liège – 26 August 1672 Paris) was a French sculptor and engraver who made important innovations in the process of minting coins. He moved to Paris in 1625 or 1626 where, after demonstrating his talent as an engraver, he obtained the support of Cardinal Richelieu and in 1629 he was assigned as a “Conducteur de la Monnaie du Moulin”. In 1647 he was appointed head of the French mint, and became “engraver of the king's seal” and a member of the Academy of painting and sculpture. Varin brought back the use of the screw press in the mint, initially using it to produce a gold coin, the Louis d'or, which featured his youthful portrait of the King which is similar to that on this jeton.
This jeton, likely struck between 1650 and 1653, commemorates the signing of the Treaty of Münster between France and the Holy Roman Empire on 15 May 1648 which ended the Thirty Years War. France, to the detriment of the Holy Roman Empire, retained control of the bishoprics of Metz, Toul and Verdun near Lorraine as well as receiving the city of Pignerol near the Spanish Duchy of Milan and the cities of the Décapole in Alsace, excluding Strasbourg.
*Alex
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Scipio AfricanusSCIPIO AFRICANUS
Æ15, Spain, Carthago Nova, (2.4g) c. 209 B.C.
Male Roman style head left, probably Scipio Africanus before he was given title Africanus / Horse head right
SNG Cop. 298, Lindgren Eur. Mints 6. Toynbee p. 18-19. VF, green patina, encrust.
This coin may be the earliest depiction of a living Roman. Carthago Nova also produced rare likely portraits of Hannibal.
RR0029Sosius
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1Obverse
VI over G
Reverse
Crowned 1641mauseus
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2Obverse
VIII over S
Reverse
unclearmauseus
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3Obverse
?
Reverse
IIII over pomegranatemauseus
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4Obverse
PHILIPPVS monogram
Crowned 1642
Date in cartouche?
Reverse
REX monogram
XII over ?
?mauseus
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5Obverse
PHILIPPVS monogram
Crowned date (unclear, 1641?)
Cartouche date (unclear)
Reverse
REX monogram
Cartouche 8
VIII over MDmauseus
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6Obverse
IIII over ?
IIII over bat
Reverse
VI over G
1659 in cartouche
mauseus
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7Obverse
VI over S
Crowned IIII over G
Reverse
Cartouche 1636mauseus
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8Obverse
VI over G
Cartouche 1654
Reverse
IIII over ?
IIII over ?
Crowned 1636mauseus
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9Obverse
PHILIPPVS monogram
VIII over TO monogram
?
Reverse
REX monogram
Crowned 1641mauseus
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Louis XIV and Marie-Thérèse, AE (Brass) Jeton struck c.1667Obverse: +LVD•XIIII•ET•MAR•THER•D•G•FRA•ET•NAV•REX•ET•REG. Busts of Louis XIV and Marie Therese facing one another. To the left, draped and laureate bust of Louis XVI facing right. To the right, draped bust of Marie Therese facing left, small crown on the back of her head.
Reverse: VINCIT•DVM•RESPICIT (The sun dissipates the clouds). Radiant disc of the sun with facial features parting billowing clouds below; in exergue, 1667.
Dimensions: 27mm | Weight: 6.1gms | Die Axis: 6
Ref. Feuardent: 13069
Struck at Lisse, Netherlands
Die engraver: Unknown
Marie-Thérèse, daughter of Philip IV of Spain, was born on the 10th of September 1638. She was also called Marie-Thérèse D'Autriche because the Spanish Kings of those days had a Hapsburg-Austrian origin and her name refers to that and not the home country were she was born and lived.
In 1660 Philip IV, and the entire Spanish court accompanied Marie-Thérèse to the Isle of Pheasants, in the Bidassoa, where she was met by Louis XIV and his court. She and Louis XIV were married in 1660, the marriage agreement being one aspect of the peace negotiations that took place between Spain and France during 1659 and 1660. On the day of her wedding, Marie-Thérèse wore a gown covered in the royal fleur-de-lys and it is said that her uncovered hair proved to be so thick that it was difficult to attach a crown to it. This might account for the odd positioning of the crown as it appears on her bust.
Jetons commemorating the marriage, bearing the busts of Louis XIV and Marie-Thérèse, were issued each year from 1660 through to 1673. Marie-Thérèse died on 30th July, 1683.*Alex
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SPAIN--FERDINAND V AND ISABELLAFernando (Ferdinand) & Isabella
1474-1504 AD
Billon Blanca 17 mm
O: Crowned Gothic "F" (for Fernando)
R: Crowned Gothic "y" (for Isabella) laney
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SPAIN. Uncertain Municipium Flavium.
PB Tessera (11m, 0.91 g, 7 h)
Bull standing right; G above
MF
UnpublishedArdatirion
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SPAIN
PB Tessera (16mm, 3.97 g, 12 h)
CV
Two palm fronds
Casariego, Cores, & Pliego -
Ex Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Auction 287, lot 941 (part of)Ardatirion
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SPAIN
PB Tessera (17mm, 4.23 g)
C(VF) within pronounced beaded border
Dolphin(?)
Casariego, Cores, & Pliego -
Ex Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Auction 287, lot 941 (part of)Ardatirion
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SPAIN
PB Tessera (15mm, 1.49 g)
Europa riding bull right
Blank
UnpublishedArdatirion
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SPAIN
PB Tessera (14mm, 2.62 g)
Fly, seen from above
Blank
Stannard, Evidence 26-7 = Stannard, Parallels 99-100; Minturnae 34-5
Found in Southern Spain
This type is found both in Baetica and in central Italy, at Minturnae, demonstrating the close economic ties between the two areas. Stannard notes numerous parallels in the lead tokens and unofficial bronze coinage in the two areas. He also sees a stylistic difference between issues of the two regions, but I have not personally seen enough specimens from both regions to say.Ardatirion
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SPAIN
PB Tessera (12mm, 1.14 g, 12 h)
Clasped hands
Star over altar?
Unpublished
Found in Southern SpainArdatirion
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SPAIN
PB Tessera (12mm, 2.57 g)
IQ within beaded square cartouche
Blank
UnpublishedArdatirion
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SPAIN
PB Tessera (12mm, 2.22 g)
ISI within beaded square cartouche
Blank
Unpublished
Found in Southern Spain
This is a part of a small group of leads of similar module that were found in Southern Spain. They appear to be distinct from the series described by Casariego et al and Stannard.Ardatirion
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SPAIN
PB Tessera (12mm, 1.40 g, 7 h)
MC
DS
Unpublished
Found in Southern SpainArdatirion
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SPAIN
PB Tessera (14mm, 2.06 g)
Mercury standing facing, holding bag and caduceus
Blank
Apparently unpublished.
Found in Southern Spain.Ardatirion
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SPAIN
PB Tessera (14mm, 2.38 g)
Mercury standing facing, holding bag and caduceus
Blank
Apparently unpublished.
Found in Southern Spain.Ardatirion
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SPAIN, Oducia
PB Tessera (19mm, 3.95 g)
MF/OD within wreath (Municipium Flavium Oducensis)
Blank
Cf. Casariego, Cores, & Pliego 14b
The municipia Flavia were a series of small towns founded as part of Vespasian's reconstruction of Spain. These settlements are notable in that the civic laws are preserved in stone for many of the settlements. Ardatirion
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SPAIN, Uncertain Municipium Flavium
PB Tessera (18mm, 5.82 g, 7h)
Prow of galley left
MF/ QF
Casariego, Cores, & Pliego 13aArdatirion
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SPAIN, Uncertain Municipium Flavium
PB Tessera (15mm, 4.02 g)
M/ OF
Blank
Cf. Casariego, Cores, & Pliego 13d (for obverse)Ardatirion
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SPAIN
PB Tessera (12mm, 1.65 g, 4 h)
Palm frond
DB
Apparently unpublishedArdatirion
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SPAIN
PB Tessera (13mm, 1.24 g)
PCE
Blank
Unpublished
Found in Southern SpainArdatirion
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SPAIN
PB Tessera (13mm, 1.56 g)
Radiate [bearded?] head right
Blank
Unpublished
Found in Southern Spain
This is a part of a small group of small leads of similar module that were found in Southern Spain. They appear to be distinct from the series described by Casariego et al and Stannard.Ardatirion
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SPAIN
PB Tessera (13mm, 2.02 g)
Roma, holding Victory, and Fortuna, holding rudder and cornucopia, standing facing
Blank
Apparently unpublishedArdatirion
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SPAIN
PB Tessera (13mm, 1.28 g)
Scorpion
Blank
Apparently unpublishedArdatirion
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SPAIN
PB Tessera (15mm, 2.12 g)
V•F
Blank
Casariego, Cores, & Pliego -
Ex Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Auction 287, lot 941 (part of)Ardatirion
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GAUL, Lugdunum (?)
PB Tessera (14mm, 2.13 g)
CPF, palm frond below
Blank
Cf. Turcan 221, 225-6, and others.
Found in Southern Spain.
This struck piece shares its general engraving style and palm frond motif with a number of specimens in the museum of Lyons. Perhaps, considering its Spanish provenance, the type saw circulation along the coast of the western Mediterranean. Ardatirion
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Claudius. AD 41-53.
Æ As (27mm, 9.39 g, 6 h). Western Europe (Spain?). Struck circa AD 43-64.
Bare head left
Minerva advancing right, brandishing spear and holding round shield; S C flanking
Sutherland grade IV
The style of this piece is reminiscent of earlier Spanish provincial issues.Ardatirion
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Antoninus Pius. AD 138-161
PB As (28mm, 16.41 g, 12 h)
Western Europe (Spain?). Cast copying a Rome mint issue of AD 157-158
Laureate head right
Annona standing left, resting left foot on prow, holding modius and rudder; S C flanking
Cf. RIC III 997a
Found in SpainArdatirion
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(02) AUGUSTUS AUGUSTUS
AUGUSTUS
27 BC - 14 AD
AE 24mm 12.02g
O: [PERM C]AE[S] AVG
BUST L
R: IVLIA TRAD WITHIN OAK WREATH
JULIA TRADUCTA, SPAINlaney
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(02) AUGUSTUS27 BC - 14 AD
AE As 26mm 10.24g
O: AVG PERM CAES
BUST L
R: COLONIA PATRICIA WITHIN WREATH
SPAINlaney
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(02) AUGUSTUS27 BC - 14 AD
AE As 24X26mm 11.0g
O: AVG PERM CAES
HEAD L
R: COLONIA PATRICIA WITHIN WREATH
SPAINlaney
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(02) AUGUSTUS27 BC - 14 AD
AE 25mm 11.81g
O: PERM CAES [AVG]
BARE HEAD L
R: [IVL]IA [TR]AD WITHIN WREATH
JULIA TRADUCTA, SPAINlaney
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(02) AUGUSTUS27 BC - 14 AD
AE 32mm 20.64g
O: BARE HEAD L
R: AQUILA BETWEEN LEGIONARY STANDARDS
SPAIN, COLONIA PATRICIA (CORDUBA)
laney
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(02) AUGUSTUS27 BC - 14 AD
AE 25mm 10.47g
O: BARE HEAD L
R: IVLIA TRAD WITHIN WREATH
SPAIN, JULIA TRADUCTAlaney
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(02) AUGUSTUS27 BC - 14 AD
AE 27mm 7.83g
O: LAUR HEAD R
R: BULL STG R
LEPIDA-CELSA, SPAIN
laney
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(02) AUGUSTUSAE 24.5 mm 10.61 g
27 BC - 14 AD
O: Bare Head of Augustus R
R: IVLIA / TRAD within Wreath
Julia Traducta, Spainlaney
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(02) AUGUSTUS27 BC - 14 AD
AE 24 mm 7.88 g
O: PERM CAES AV[G]
BARE HEAD LEFT
R: IVLIA TRAD WITHIN WREATH
SPAIN, JULIA TRADUCTAlaney
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(02) AUGUSTUS27 BC- 14 AD, AE 23 mm, 6.61 g O: PERM CAES AVG. around bare head of
Augustus, left R: IVLIA TRADUCTA in two lines within
wreath. Hispania Baetica (Spain), Julia Traducta mint
RPC I, 108, SNG Copenhagen 459.
laney
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(02) AUGUSTUS27 BC - 14 AD
AE As 23.5 mm; 9.36 g
O:HEAD L
R: IVLIA TRAD WITHIN WREATH
SPAINlaney
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(02) AUGUSTUSAUGUSTUS
27 BC 0 14 AD
AE As 25.5 mm; 10.15 g
O: HEAD L
R: COLONIA PATRICIA WITHIN WREATH
SPAINlaney
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(02) AUGUSTUSAUGUSTUS
27 BC 0 14 AD
AE As 26 mm; 9.05 g
O: HEAD L
R: COLONIA PATRICIA WITHIN WREATH
SPAINlaney
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(02) AUGUSTUSAUGUSTUS
27 BC 0 14 AD
AE As 25mm 9.95g
O: HEAD L
R: COLONIA PATRICIA WITHIN WREATH
SPAINlaney
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(02) AUGUSTUS27 BC to 14 AD
AE 24 mm, 7.62 g
O: Bare head left
R: IVLIA TRAD within wreath
Julia Traducta, Spainlaney
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(02) AUGUSTUSAE 24 mm 11.30 g
27 BC - 14 AD
O: Bare Head of Augustus R
R: IVLIA / TRAD within Wreath
Julia Traducta, Spainlaney
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(02) AUGUSTUSAE 24.5 mm 10.66
27 BC - 14 AD
O: Bare Head of Augustus R
R: IVLIA / TRAD within Wreath
Julia Traducta, Spainlaney
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(02) AUGUSTUSAE 24.5 mm max; 11.24 g
27 BC - 14 AD
O: Bare Head of Augustus R
R: IVLIA / TRAD within Wreath
Julia Traducta, Spainlaney
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(03) TIBERIUS14 - 37 AD
AE 27 mm 7.04 g
O: TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVGVSTVS, laureate head left
R: Aquilae between 2 standards, ACCI below
ACCI, SPAINlaney
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(03) TIBERIUS14 - 37 AD
AE DUPONDIUS 29 mm 13.22. g
O: [IMP TI CAE]SAR AVGVSTVS PON MA[X], Bust right
R: PERM DIVI AVG [MVNI]C [ITALIC] around altar inscrbed in 3 lines [P]ROVIDE[N]TIAE [A]VGVSTI
ITALICA, SPAINlaney
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(03) TIBERIUS14 - 37 AD
AE DUPONDIUS 29 mm 12.13 g
O: [IM]P TI CAESAR AVGVST[VS PO[N MAX], Bust right
R: PERM DIVI AVG []NIC ITALIC around altar inscribed in 3 lines [P]ROVIDE/NTIAE /AVGVSTI
ITALICA, SPAINlaney
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(03) TIBERIUS14 - 37 AD
AE 26 mm 9.14 g
O: LAUREATE HEAD LEFT
R: CAMPGATE
EMERITA, SPAINlaney
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(03) TIBERIUS14 - 37 AD
AE 28.5 mm; 11.46 g
O: His bare head left
R: Confronted heads of Caesars Nero and Drusus
Spain (Hispania Tarraconensis), Carthago Nova mint
cf RPC 179, SNG Cop 500 Scarcelaney
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(502a) Roman Republic, L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi, 90 B.C.Silver denarius, S 235, Calpurnia 11, Crawford 340/1, Syd 663a, VF, rainbow toning, Rome mint, 3.772g, 18.5mm, 180o, 90 B.C. obverse: laureate head of Apollo right, scorpion behind; Reverse naked horseman galloping right holding palm, L PISO FRVGI and control number CXI below; ex-CNA XV 6/5/91, #443. Ex FORVM.
A portion of the following text is a passage taken from the excellent article “The Calpurnii and Roman Family History: An Analysis of the Piso Frugi Coin in the Joel Handshu Collection at the College of Charleston,” by Chance W. Cook:
In the Roman world, particularly prior to the inception of the principate, moneyers were allotted a high degree of latitude to mint their coins as they saw fit. The tres viri monetales, the three men in charge of minting coins, who served one-year terms, often emblazoned their coins with an incredible variety of images and inscriptions reflecting the grandeur, history, and religion of Rome. Yet also prominent are references to personal or familial accomplishments; in this manner coins were also a means by which the tres viri monetales could honor their forbearers. Most obvious from an analysis of the Piso Frugi denarius is the respect and admiration that Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi, who minted the coin, had for his ancestors. For the images he selected for his dies relate directly to the lofty deeds performed by his Calpurnii forbearers in the century prior to his term as moneyer. The Calpurnii were present at many of the watershed events in the late Republic and had long distinguished themselves in serving the state, becoming an influential and well-respected family whose defense of traditional Roman values cannot be doubted.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi, who was moneyer in 90 B.C., depicted Apollo on the obverse and the galloping horseman on the reverse, as does his son Gaius. However, all of L. Piso Frugi’s coins have lettering similar to “L-PISO-FRVGI” on the reverse, quite disparate from his son Gaius’ derivations of “C-PISO-L-F-FRV.”
Moreover, C. Piso Frugi coins are noted as possessing “superior workmanship” to those produced by L. Piso Frugi.
The Frugi cognomen, which became hereditary, was first given to L. Calpurnius Piso, consul in 133 B.C., for his integrity and overall moral virtue. Cicero is noted as saying that frugal men possessed the three cardinal Stoic virtues of bravery, justice, and wisdom; indeed in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae, a synonym of frugalitas is bonus, generically meaning “good” but also implying virtuous behavior. Gary Forsythe notes that Cicero would sometimes invoke L. Calpurnius Piso’s name at the beginning of speeches as “a paragon of moral rectitude” for his audience.
L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi’s inclusion of the laureled head of Apollo, essentially the same obverse die used by his son Gaius (c. 67 B.C.), was due to his family’s important role in the establishment of the Ludi Apollinares, the Games of Apollo, which were first instituted in 212 B.C. at the height of Hannibal’s invasion of Italy during the Second Punic War. By that time, Hannibal had crushed Roman armies at Cannae, seized Tarentum and was invading Campania.
Games had been used throughout Roman history as a means of allaying the fears
of the populace and distracting them from issues at hand; the Ludi Apollinares were no different. Forsythe follows the traditional interpretation that in 211 B.C., when C. Calpurnius Piso was praetor, he became the chief magistrate in Rome while both consuls were absent and the three other praetors were sent on military expeditions against Hannibal.
At this juncture, he put forth a motion in the Senate to make the Ludi Apollinares a yearly event, which was passed; the Ludi Apollinares did indeed become an important festival, eventually spanning eight days in the later Republic. However, this interpretation is debatable; H.H. Scullard suggests that the games were not made permanent until 208 B.C. after a severe plague prompted the Senate to make them a fixture on the calendar. The Senators believed Apollo would serve as a “healing god” for the people of Rome.
Nonetheless, the Calpurnii obviously believed their ancestor had played an integral role in the establishment of the Ludi Apollinares and thus prominently displayed
the head or bust of Apollo on the obverse of the coins they minted.
The meaning of the galloping horseman found on the reverse of the L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi coin is more complicated. It is possible that this is yet another reference to the Ludi Apollinares. Chariot races in the Circus Maximus were a major component of the games, along with animal hunts and theatrical performances.
A more intriguing possibility is that the horseman is a reference to C. Calpurnius Piso, son of the Calpurnius Piso who is said to have founded the Ludi Apollinares. This C. Calpurnius Piso was given a military command in 186 B.C. to quell a revolt in Spain. He was victorious, restoring order to the province and also gaining significant wealth in the process.
Upon his return to Rome in 184, he was granted a triumph by the Senate and eventually erected an arch on the Capitoline Hill celebrating his victory. Of course
the arch prominently displayed the Calpurnius name. Piso, however, was not an infantry commander; he led the cavalry.
The difficulty in accepting C. Calpurnius Piso’s victory in Spain as the impetus for the galloping horseman image is that not all of C. Piso Frugi’s coins depict the horseman or cavalryman carrying the palm, which is a symbol of victory. One is inclined to believe that the victory palm would be prominent in all of the coins minted by C. Piso Frugi (the son of L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi) if it indeed signified the great triumph of C. Calpurnius Piso in 186 B.C. Yet the palm’s appearance is clearly not a direct reference to military feats of C. Piso Frugi’s day. As noted, it is accepted that his coins were minted in 67 B.C.; in that year, the major victory by Roman forces was Pompey’s swift defeat of the pirates throughout the Mediterranean.
Chrestomathy: Annual Review of Undergraduate Research at the College of Charleston. Volume 1, 2002: pp. 1-10© 2002 by the College of Charleston, Charleston SC 29424, USA.All rights to be retained by the author.
http://www.cofc.edu/chrestomathy/vol1/cook.pdf
There are six (debatably seven) prominent Romans who have been known to posterity as Lucius Calpurnius Piso:
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi: (d. 261 A.D.) a Roman usurper, whose existence is
questionable, based on the unreliable Historia Augusta.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus: deputy Roman Emperor, 10 January 69 to15 January
69, appointed by Galba.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso: Consul in 27 A.D.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso: Consul in 1 B.C., augur
Lucius Calpurnius Piso: Consul in 15 B.C., pontifex
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus: Consul in 58 B.C. (the uncle of Julius Caesar)
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi: Moneyer in 90 B.C. (our man)
All but one (or two--if you believe in the existence of "Frugi the usurper" ca. 261 A.D.) of these gentlemen lack the Frugi cognomen, indicating they are not from the same direct lineage as our moneyer, though all are Calpurnii.
Calpurnius Piso Frugi's massive issue was intended to support the war against the Marsic Confederation. The type has numerous variations and control marks.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Calpurnius_Piso
http://www.forumancientcoins.com/catalog/indexfrm.asp?vpar=55&pos=0
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
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(503f) Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus Silver DenariusCn. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus Silver Denarius, Sear-323, Cr-393/1a, Syd-752, RSC-Cornelia 54, struck 76-75 BC at Spanish Mint, 3.94 grams, 18 mm. EF. Obverse: GPR above Diademed, draped and bearded bust of the Genius of the Roman People facing right, sceptre over shoulder; Reverse: EX in left field, SC in right field; CN LEN Q in exergue, Sceptre with wreath, terrestrial globe and rudder. An exceptional example that is especially well centered and struck on a slightly larger flan than normally encountered with fully lustrous surfaces and a most attractive irridescent antique toning. Held back from the Superb EF/FDC by a small banker's mark in the right obverse field, but still worthy of the finest collection of Roman Republican denarii. Ex Glenn Woods.
Re: CORNELIA 54:
“Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus may be the same moneyer whose issues have been already described (no.s 702-704). Mommsen suggested that these coins were struck in 74 B.C. as a special issue, authorized by the Senate, to defray the cost of armaments against Mithridates of Pontus and the Mediterranean pirates. But Grueber’s view that they were struck in 76 B.C. by Cn. Cornelius Lentulus acting in the capacity of quaestor of Pompey, seems more in accordance with the evidence of finds" (see: G. ii, p. 359n and The Coinage of the Roman Republic, by Edward A. Sydenham, 1976, pgs. 1).
H. A. Seaby shows the coin with the smaller head (Roman Silver Coins Vol. I, Republic to Augustus pg. 33) while David R Sear shows a coin sporting a larger version (Roman Coins and Their Values, pg. 132).
“Cn. Lentulus strikes in Spain in his capacity as quaestor to the proconsul Pompey, who had been sent to the peninsula to assist Q. Caecillus Metellus Piusagainst sertorius”(Roman Coins and Their Values, by David Sear, Vol.1, 2000, pg. 132).
This is not an imperatorial minted coin for Pompey. At the time these coins were minted the Procounsel Pompey was sent to Spain to aid in the war against Sertorius. The moneyer Cn Lentulus served as his Quaestor where he continued to mint coins for Rome.
CN = Cneaus; LEN = Lentulus
Cneaus was his first name. His last, or family name is Lentulus and this clan is a lesser clan within the Cornelii, which is what his middle name of Cornelius implies.
Q = This tells us that he was a Quaestor, or Roman magistrate with judicial powers at the time when the coin was issued, with the responsibility for the treasury. Had this been a position that he once held it would be noted on the coin as PROQ or pro [past] Questor.
For Further Reading on the Cornelia 54 & 55:
Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum, by H. A. Grueber. London, 1910, Vol. II, pgs. 358, 359, 52, 57
Roman Silver Coins Vol. I, Republic to Augustus, by H.A.Seaby 1952, pgs. 32-33
The Coinage of the Roman Republic, by Edward A. Sydenham, 1976, pgs. 122, 241
Roman Coins and Their Values, by David Sear, Vol.1, 2000, pg. 132, 133
Roman Republican Coinage Volume I by Michael H. Crawford 2001, pg. 407
by Jerry Edward Cornelius, April 2006, THE 81 ROMAN COINS OF THE CORNELIA
http://www.cornelius93.com/Cornelia54.htmlCleisthenes
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0008 Gnaeus Pompey Junior, Imperator [Oldest Son of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great)]Obv: M POBLICI LEG PRO counterclockwise from below and PR counterclockwise behind (M. Poblicius, Gnaeus Pompey Jr.’s legatus pro praetore), helmeted head of Roma r. Bead and reel border.
Rev: CN MAGNVS IMP counterclockwise in exergue and on right, Hispania on l. standing r., round shield on her back, two transverse spears in l. hand, presenting palm frond with r. hand to a soldier (Gnaeus Pompey?) standing l. on prow, l. hand resting on pommel of sword in sheath. Border of dots.
Denomination: silver denarius; Mint: Hispania, Cordoba mint; Date: 46 - 45 BC; Weight: 3.659g; Diameter: 19.8mm; Die axis: 180º; References, for example: Cohen Pompey the Great 1; Babelon Pompeia 9; BMCRR Spain 72; Sydenham 1035; Sear CRI 48; SRCV 1384; Crawford 469/1a.
Provenance: Ex Forum Ancient Coins July 2, 2022; Roma Numismatics e-sale 95 April 13, 2022 Lot 860; ex Z.P. Collection (Austria).
Photo credits: Forum Ancient Coins
CLICK FOR SOURCESTracy Aiello
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