Image search results - "one" |
Athalaricus Rex
AD 526-534
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Athalaricus Rex
AD 526-534
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Athalaricus Rex
AD 526-534
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Athalaricus Rex
AD 526-534
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Athalaricus Rex
AD 526-534
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Athalaricus Rex
AD 526-534
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Athalaricus Rex
AD 526-534
One nummus
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Athalaricus Rex
AD 526-534
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One nummus
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One nummus
Recimer - Libius Severus
RIC X, Rome 2715.Rugser
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OBV: IMP.CAES.M.AVR ANTONINVS AVG
REV: P.M.TR.P.COS.P.P
Roma seated left on throne holding Victory and sceptre, shield at side.
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OBV: IMP ANTONINIVS AVG
REV: P.M.TR.P.II.COS.II.P.P.
Roma seated left on throne holding Victory and sceptre shield at side.
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Denarius - 123 BC (Grueber 150/125 BC) - Mint of Rome (Crawford). Uncertain mint in Italy (Grueber)
C. [PORCIVS] CATO - Gens Porcia
Obv.: Helmeted head of Roma right, X behind
Rev.: Victory in biga right holding reins and whip; C CATO below, ROMA in ex.
Gs. 3,9 mm. 18,9
Craw. 274/1, Sear RCV 149, BMRRC II 461.
Maxentius
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Denarius - 89 BC. - Mint of Rome
M. PORCIVS CATO - Gens Porcia
Obv.: Female bust right (Roma?). ROMA (MA in monogram) behind. M. CATO below
Rev.:Victoria seated right, holding palm and patera. In ex. VICTRIX (TR in monogram)
Gs. 3,8 mm. 17,7
Crawf. 343/1, Sear RCV 247, Grueber II 657
Maxentius
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Denarius - 109/108 BC. Rome mint.
MN. AQVILLIVS - Gens Aquillia
Obv.: Radiate head of Sol right. Before, X
Rev.: Luna (or Diana) in biga right; crescent moon and three stars above. Below, one star and MN (in monogram) AQVIL. In ex. ROMA
Gs. 3,7 mm. 18,81
Craw. 303/1, Sear RCV 180, Grueber II 645 Maxentius
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Denarius - 111/110 B.C. Rome mint
APPIVS CL. PVLCHER, T. MALLIVS - Gens Mallia - Claudia.
Obv: Helmeted head of Roma right, quadrangular device behind
Rev.: Victory in triga right, T. MAL. (in monogr.) AP. CL. Q. VR. in ex.
Gs. 3,8 mm. 17,82
Crawf. 299/1b, Sear RCV 176, Grueber 1293
For Crawford, Q. VR would not mean Quaestores Urbani, but the name of a third moneyer, Q. Urbinius.Maxentius
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Denarius - 103 BC.
Q. MINVCIVS M.f. THERMVS - Gens Minucia
Obv.:Helmeted head of Mars (or Rome) left
Rev.: Q. THERM (THE in monogram) M.F. (in monogram) below two warriors in combat, one on left protecting a fallen man.
Gs. 4 mm. 19,37x20,10
Crawf. 319/1, Sear RCV 197
Maxentius
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Denarius - 82 BC. - Mint moving with Sulla
L. MANLIVS TORQVATVS & L. CORNELIVS SVLLA - Gens Manlia & Cornelia
Obv.: Helmeted head of Roma right, PROQ behind; L MANLI T (T in horizontal position) before.
Rev.: Triumphator in quadriga right, crowned by flying Victory, L SVLLA IMP in ex.
Gs. 4,1 mm. 17,86x18,26
Crawf. 367/3, Sear RCV 287, Grueber II (East) 13
On the coins of this Sulla's issue, there is one of the best stylistic depictions of Rome's headMaxentius
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Denarius -110-109 BC. - Rome mint
P. PORCIVS LAECA - Gens Porcia
Obv.: Helmeted head of Roma right; P LÆCA behind; ROMA above; X under the chin
Rev.: Roman soldier standing left, placing his hand on head of a citizen, lictor standing behind; PROVOCO in ex.
Gs. 3,8 mm. 18,68x16,90
Crawf. 301/1, Sear RCV 178
It refers to Lex Porcia de provocatione, by which a citizen could appeal against military sentences
Maxentius
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Thracian Chersonese, Cherronesos AR Hemidrachm. 400-350 BC. Forepart of lion right, head turned back / quadripartite incuse with crested helmet, pellet and 'A' and 'E' monograms in parallel incuse squares.CANTANATRIX
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Antoninianus (pre-reform)
Siscia Mint, 1st officina, 271-2 AD
Obv. Rad + cuir bust r., IMP AVRELIANVS AVG round.
Rev. Fortuna seated l on throne, wheel below, rudder at left, cornucopia over l arm, FORTVNA - REDVX round, *P in ex.
3.39 gm, 23 mm
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Arcadius Æ3. RIC IX 97 Antioch mint, 401-403 AD. D N
ARCADIVS P F AVG, helmeted bust facing 3/4
right, holding spear & shield decorated with cross
/ CONCORDIA AVGG, Constantinopolis enthroned
facing, head right, foot on prow, holding scepter &
Victory on globe, ANTG in ex. LRBC 2797.
Coin #129
cars100
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Arcadius Æ3. Antioch mint, 401-403 AD. D N
ARCADIVS P F AVG, helmeted bust facing 3/4
right, holding spear & shield decorated with cross
/ CONCORDIA AVGG, Constantinopolis enthroned
facing, head right, foot on prow, holding scepter &
Victory on globe, ANTG in ex. LRBC 2797.
Coin #148
cars100
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Anonymous Class C Follis, attributed to Michael IV.
Obverse: +EMMANOVHA. Christ Antiphonetes,
nimbate, standing facing / IC-XC-NI-KA divided by
jewelled cross. Coin #412
cars100
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History of Thessalian League
The Thessalian League/confederacy was made up of several cities in the Thessalian valley in Northern Greece. This area was completely surrounded by mountains and isolated except for a few passes. It was one of the few areas of Greece self-sufficient in grain and produced livestock and horses. Thessaly had the best calvary in Greece. The league was frequently weakened by intercity rivalries and lost its strength in the 5th century BC. The league was re-established in 374 BC by the tyrant Jason. He was assassinated in 370 BC, when it became evident that he had plans of conquest against the rest of Greece. After the death of Jason, there was infighting in the league and some of the cities requested help from Philip II of Macedon to settle the rivalries, which he accomplished in 353 BC. A few years later (344 BC), Philip II simply took control of the entire area. Thessaly remained under Macedonian control until Macedonia was defeated by the Romans in 197 BC. A new league was established in 196 BC. The league continued until 146 BC, then became part of the Roman province of Macedonia.Antonivs Protti
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The patina on this one is a beautiful dark green and glossy
Constantine II CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C LDC left
PROVIDEN-TIAE CAESS 2 6 to 8, three seen with a base, two of them with dots in top layer SMTS Delta Thessalonica RIC VII Thessalonica 157 C3 326-328 James b4
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Obverse: DN IVSTINVS PP AVG (or similar) Justin, on L., and Sophia, on r., seated facing on double throne, both nimbate; he holds gl. cr., she holds cruciform sceptre; rarely with cross between heads.
Reverse: Large M between ANNP and regnal year (G,I) yr 7, cross above, officina letter "deta" below, In ex. CON.
Date: 569/70 CE
Mint: constantinople
Sear 360 DO 22-43
29mm 14.91 gmwileyc
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FAUSTINA II (wife of M. Aurelius) - As - 160 AD - Rome mint
Obv: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, Draped bust right
Rev: FECVND AVGVSTAE S C, Fecunditas standing left, one child on each arm, two at her feet
Gms 9,2 mm 27,3
RIC 1636 Cohen 97Maxentius
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Severus Alexander
Ancient Rome
Emperor Severus Alexander(222 - 232 AD) AE (Bronze) Sestertius
Struck at the Rome Mint in AD 229 - 230.
obv: IMP SEV ALEXANDER AVG - Laureate bust right, drapery on left shoulder.
rev: P M TR P VIII COS III P P - Emperor riding in quadriga right holding eagle tipped sceptre in one hand and holding the reigns in the other.
'SC' below, in exergue.
Weight: 21 Grams
Size: 32 - 33 mm
References: Cohen 377, RIC 495 rexesq
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Severus Alexander
Ancient Rome
Emperor Severus Alexander(222 - 232 AD) AE (Bronze) Sestertius
Struck at the Rome Mint in AD 229 - 230.
obv: IMP SEV ALEXANDER AVG - Laureate bust right, drapery on left shoulder.
rev: P M TR P VIII COS III P P - Emperor riding in quadriga right holding eagle tipped sceptre in one hand and holding the reigns in the other.
'SC' below, in exergue.
Weight: 21 Grams
Size: 32 mm - 33 mm
References: Cohen 377, RIC 495
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~*~I will most likely be taking this coin out of it's plastic prison soon. I will post more pics after doing so.~*~rexesq
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Severus Alexander
Ancient Rome
Emperor Severus Alexander(222 - 232 AD) AE (Bronze) Sestertius
Struck at the Rome Mint in AD 229 - 230.
obv: IMP SEV ALEXANDER AVG - Laureate bust right, drapery on left shoulder.
rev: P M TR P VIII COS III P P - Emperor riding in quadriga right holding eagle tipped sceptre in one hand and holding the reigns in the other.
'SC' below, in exergue.
Weight: 21 Grams
Size: 32 mm - 33 mmrexesq
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Severus Alexander
Ancient Rome
Emperor Severus Alexander(222 - 232 AD) AE (Bronze) Sestertius
Struck at the Rome Mint in AD 229 - 230.
obv: IMP SEV ALEXANDER AVG - Laureate bust right, drapery on left shoulder.
rev: P M TR P VIII COS III P P - Emperor riding in quadriga right holding eagle tipped sceptre in one hand and holding the reigns in the other.
'SC' below, in exergue.
Weight: 21 Grams
Size: 32 mm - 33 mmrexesq
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Severus Alexander
Ancient Rome
Emperor Severus Alexander(222 - 232 AD) AE (Bronze) Sestertius
Struck at the Rome Mint in AD 229 - 230.
obv: IMP SEV ALEXANDER AVG - Laureate bust right, drapery on left shoulder.
rev: P M TR P VIII COS III P P - Emperor riding in quadriga right holding eagle tipped sceptre in one hand and holding the reigns in the other.
'SC' below, in exergue.
Weight: 21 Grams
Size: 32 mm - 33 mmrexesq
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Carinus
Alexandrian tetradrachm
A K M A KAPINOC CEB, Laureate and cuirassed bust right
Athena seated left on throne, with Nike on right hand and spear in left hand, shield beneath, LB across (year 2) 282-283AD
Emmett 4001, rated R3tjaart
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DN CONSTANTINVS PF AVG
New photo of one of my first coins. From an uncleaned lot.
I never did get around to attributing it!Jay GT4
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Siscia
RIC VIII 99, B Constans, AE4. CONSTAN-S PF AVG, rosette-diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right / GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS, two soldiers holding spears and shields with one standard between them, chi-rho on banner. Mintmark: BSIS dot in crescent. RIC VIII Siscia 99.Castvlo
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Maroneia, Thrace. 146-100BC, AE18mm.
Obv. Wreathed head of young Dionysos right. Rev. Dionysos left holding grapes, NARTHEX in right field, monogram in near left field.Lee S
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Sicily, Syracuse, Hieron II. 287-278BC. AE20mm. Obv. Head of Persephone left, with Wreath of grain ears. Rev.Bull butting left with dolphins above and below. Reference: Calciati II pg. 341, 190
Lee S
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Drachm from Ionia, Magnesia. AR18mm
Left field: Δ within wreath. Beneath throne: Ε
319-305 BC, Price 1983.
( Thanks Rover1.3 for the ID!)Lee S
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AE sestertius. Struck under Claudius, circa 50-54 AD, uncertain eastern provincial mint located in the modern-day Balkans.
Obv : TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG F BRITANNICVS, draped bust left.
Rev : - No legend, Mars advancing left, holding spear and shield, SC in fields. 35mm, 19.4g. Extremely Rare.
Ref : BMCRE 226
Cohen 2
RCV 1908, valued at $32,000 in Fine, which is a few multiples greater than any other sestertius issued during the several centuries the denomination was in use.
A large number of the surviving examples of this series (one may even suggest a majority of them), due to their rarity, have been subjected to modern alteration techniques such as smoothing, tooling, and repatination. As such, it's actually pleasant to see a bit of field roughness and a 'plain brown' patina of old copper on this example, evidence that it is just as ugly as it was the day it was last used in circulation back in Ancient Rome.
Britannicus, originally known as Germanicus after Claudius' older brother, was the emperor's original intended heir and natural son. Machinations by Agrippina II eventually saw Britannicus supplanted by her own son Nero, (by Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus) who took the throne upon Claudius' suspicious death. Britannicus himself died a few years later, reportedly poisoned by his step-brother. The future emperor Titus and Britannicus were close friends, and Titus became quite ill and nearly died after eating from the same poisoned dish that killed Britannicus.R. Smits
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Dänemark
Christian XI. 1863-1906
2 Öre
1886
Münzstätte: Kopenhagen
Vs.: Gekröntes Monogramm
Rs.: Nominal flankiert von Delfin und Ähre
Zitat: KM# 793.1
Erhaltung: Kratzer, ansonsten sehr schön - fast vorzüglich
Metall: Bronze
21 mm, 3,79 g _399Antonivs Protti
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Deutsch-Ostafrikanische Gesellschaft
1 Pesa
1892
Münzstätte: Berlin
Vs: Im Lorbeerkranz auf arabisch "Gesellschaft Deutschlands" und die islamische Jahreszahl (in arabischen Zahlzeichen) 1309 für 1892
Rs: Reichsadler
Literatur: Jäger 710
Erhaltung: Schön
Metall: Kupfer
25 mm, 6,26 g _694Antonivs Protti
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RDR -- Haus Habsburg
Franz II. (1792-1806-1835)
1800
6 Kreuzer (Kupfer)
Münzstätte: Wien (A)
Vs: Kopf nach rechts, darunter in Verzierung Münzzeichen (A). Umschrift: "FRANZ•II•RÖM•KAI•KÖN•Z•HU•U•BÖ•ERZH• Z•OEST•"
Rs: unter Krone Doppeladler, auf der Brust Wertzahl. Umschrift: "SECHS•KREUTZER•ERBLAENDISCH•1800•"
Gewicht: 12,4g
Durchmesser: 31 mm
Erhaltung: schön _799Antonivs Protti
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Libyen
Idris I. 1951-1969
2 Milliemes
AD 1952
Vs.: König Idris I. n. r.
Rs.: Nominal über Jahr, das Ganze im Kranz, oben Krone
Rand: Glatt
Erhaltung: Sehr schön
Metall: Bronze
24 mm, 6,08 g _396Antonivs Protti
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RDR -- Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Friedrich Franz II. (1842-1883)
Pfennig (Kupfer)
Münzstätte: Schwerin
Vs: Gekröntes Monogramm. Umschrift: "VGG GROSSH V MECKLENB SCHWERIN"
Rs: Wert, Jahreszahl und Münzzeichen (B).
Gewicht: 1,5g
Durchmesser: 15 mm
Erhaltung: sehr schön _397Antonivs Protti
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Deutsches Reich
Preussen
Königreich
Wilhelm II. (1888-1918)
2 Mark 1901
Münzstätte: Berlin
Anlässlich des 200jährigen Bestehen des Königreiches
Vorderseite: "+FRIEDRICH.I.1701. WILHELM.II.1901." um gestaffelte Brustbilder (nach links), das vordere mit gekröntem Adler auf Helm
Rückseite: "DEUTSCHES REICH 1901 / * ZWEI MARK *" um Krone über Adler mit Wappenschild auf Brusthöhe
Rand geriffelt
feine Kratzer, Vorzüglich / Stempelglanz
Silber (900/1000)
11,1g
Durchmesser ca. 28mm
AKS # 136
Jaeger # 105 _2998Antonivs Protti
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RDR
Österreich
Leopold 1657-1705
1 Kreuzer
1701
Münzstätte: Oppeln
Vs.: Bekränztes Brustbild n. r.
Rs.: Gekrönter doppelköpfiger Adler mit Wertzahl auf der Brust
Literatur: Herinek 1800
Erhaltung: Fast sehr schön
Metall: Silber
17 mm, 0,77 g _2191Antonivs Protti
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BOEOTIA, Pharai. 4th century BC. AR Obol (0.85 g). Boeotian shield / Amphora; wheat ear to left; all within concave circle. BCD Boiotia 236. Near VF, toned, light roughness.
From the BCD Collection.areich
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CORINTHIA, Corinth. Circa 375-300 BC. AR Diobol (10mm, 0.78 g, 12h). Pegasos flying left / Pegasos standing left; Δ-I below. BCD Corinth -; SNG Copenhagen -; cf. BMC 208. Fine, toned, porous.
Ex Coin Galleries (14 November 1984), lot 121.areich
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In the picture we can see how the head of an emperor closely resembles the preceeding one. The top three coins are COS II. RIC 9 (3.6g); RIC 12 (3,40g); RIC 22 (3.31g). All have good weights and the RIC 9 is quite possibly overstruck at 3.6g.
Below the three Trajans is a Nerva and it's very similar to the first issues of Trajan. I think it's safe to say that the engravers did not meet the emperor in person. Paddy
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Preparing to trim down my collection to one portait of each Roman family member that I can find this is the third tray to the end of the third century.mauseus
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Preparing to trim down my collection to one portait of each Roman family member that I can find this is the second tray, the first part of the third century. Compiled this tray then noticed that I'd forgotten to put in Trajan Decius (doh!).mauseus
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An 18 tray cabinet with doors. This was one of five cabinets I built for this collector to house his collection of ancient electrum and gold.
www.CabinetsByCraig.netcmcdon0923
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Tripura, Udaya Manikya, Tanka, 11.16g, Sk 1489, citing Queen Hira, as previous lot, but border of arches on the obverse points right rather than left, no bead in front of lion, none of the date behind lion's back leg; reverse legend arranged slightly differently: Śri Śri Yutoda/ya Manikya/ Deva Śri Hi/ra Maha Devyau (RB. 136; KM. 79)Quant.Geek
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1891 Promissory Note - John Deckman
Lycoming County, Pennsylvania
Payable for $100.00 one year after date of issueQuant.Geek
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1891 Promissory Note - John Deckman
Lycoming County, Pennsylvania
Payable for $100.00 one year after date of issueQuant.Geek
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Cherronesos Hemidrachm
480-350 BCE
Obverse: Forepart of lion right, head turned
Reverse: Quadripartite incuse square with alternating raised and sunken quarters; partial E and dolphin pellet in opposite sunken quarters
BMC 31
SNG Copenhagen 829
Weber 2413
SNG Leake 1704
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Denarius
Appius Claudius Pulcher, T Manlius Mancinus & Q Urbinus
Mint: Rome
111-110 BCE
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma, right; behind, mark (circle within a triangle); border of dots
Reverse: Victory in triga right, holding reins in both hands, one horse looking back; AP CL T MAL Q VR in exergue; border of dots
Crawford (RRC) 299/1a
Sydenham 570
RSC I Mallia 1
SRCV I 176
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AE Onkia, 2.11 g, Sicily, Panormos, ca. 415-380 B.C. Obv: Forepart of Man-headed bull facing left, possibly ear of corn above or simply an encrustation divided from the man-faced bull by the tooler, in which case SYS should be above. Rev: Horse trotting right, ear of corn above. Calciati I, 272, no. 11. Hoover HGC 2, 1062 (this coin); Giuseppe Bucetti "Monete, Storia e topografia della Sicilia Greca," p. 344 (this coin); MSP I, 48b (this coin illustrated).
Definite tooling around the major devices, on the legs and back. Face apparently untouched though field in front has been smoothed.
Ex. Dr. Busso-Peus, Auction 386, No. 108 (unsold). Tooled.Molinari
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SIKH EMPIRE: AE ¼ anna (7.35g), Amritsar, VS(18)96, KM-5var, Herrli-01.31, small cross in obverse field, pa anna nanakshahi on reverse, lovely strike, gorgeous EF, R, ex Paul Stevens Collection. Herrli divided these into a paisa (=¼ anna) and half paisa (11-12g, and 5.5g, respectively), but all coins are inscribed "pa anna" for ¼ anna, and all weigh in the range of 7.0g to 8.5g; thus there is only one denomination for this type.
Quant.Geek
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MOEDA - 500 Réis - 1938 - Regente Feijó
________________________________________
Série Ilustres
Excelente estado de conservação
ANVERSO
O busto do Regente do Império Diogo António Feijó circundado pela inscrição REGENTE FEIJÓ. Em baixo, monograma do gravador Calmon Barreto.
REVERSO
No centro, uma coluna coríntia encimada pela inscrição circular BRASIL entre dois filetes. À esquerda do campo, o valor 500 e, à direita, a palavra RÉIS em posição horizontal. No exergo, a data e, ao lado direito, a sigla do gravador Walter Toledo.
PADRÃO MONETÁRIO
MIL-RÉIS (de 08/10/1833 a 31/10/1942)
PERÍODO POLÍTICO
República, Era Vargas (1930-1945)
ORIGEM
Casa da Moeda, Rio de Janeiro
CARACTERÍSTICAS
Material: bronze alumínio
Diâmetro: 22,5 mm
Peso: 5,00 g
Espessura: 1,80 mm
Bordo: serrilhado
Titulagem: Cu 910, Al 90
Eixo: reverso medalha (EV)
_____________________Antonivs Protti
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Moeda Brasil 1935- 1000 Reis
Serie Ilustres - Padre Anchieta
Módulo Maior - Escassa
________________________________
ANVERSO
Efígie do Padre José de Anchieta, de perfil, onde
se ostenta a inscrição vertical ANCHIETA.
Missionário e fundador de São Paulo.
Sigla do gravador Calmon Barreto.
REVERSO
No centro, um livro aberto e o valor 1000 réis em
semicírculo. Sob o valor, a data. No exergo, a palavra
BRASIL. Sigla do gravador Walter Toledo.
PADRÃO MONETÁRIO
MIL-RÉIS (de 08/10/1833 a 31/10/1942)
PERÍODO POLÍTICO
República, Era Vargas (1930-1945)
ORIGEM
Casa da Moeda, Rio de Janeiro
CARACTERÍSTICAS
Material: bronze alumínio
Diâmetro: 26,7 mm
Peso: 8,00 g
Espessura: 2,10 mm
Bordo: serrilhadoAntonivs Protti
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Manuel I Comnenus. 1143-1180. BI Aspron Trachy (30mm, 2.62 g, 6h). Constantinople mint. Struck 1167-1183(?). Christ Pantokrator enthroned facing; star to either side / Manuel standing facing, wearing loros, being crowned by the Theotokos (Virgin Mary) standing left. DOC 13d; SB 1966Quant.Geek
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Southern Gaul, Volcae-Tectosages. 1st century B.C. AR drachm (12 mm, 2.39 g). Head left with wild hair and Negroid features / Cross with one ring and three pellets in angles, crescents enclosing each quadrant. LT 2986Quant.Geek
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Justin II, with Sophia. 565-578. Æ Half Follis (20mm, 6.62 g, 6h). Thessalonica mint. Dated RY 8 (572/3). Nimbate figures of Justin and Sophia seated facing on double throne, holding globus cruciger and cruciform scepter, respectively / Large K; cross above, date across field; TЄS. DOC 73; MIBE 70a; SB 366. Quant.Geek
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EDWARD IV
Edward IV was King of England from March 1461 to October 1470, and again from April 1471 until his sudden death in 1483. He was the first Yorkist King of England. The first half of his rule was marred by the violence associated with the Wars of the Roses, but he overcame the Lancastrian challenge to the throne at Tewkesbury in 1471 and there were no further rebellions in England during the rest of his reign.
In 1475, Edward declared war on France, landing at Calais in June. However, his ally Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, failed to provide any significant military assistance leading Edward to undertake negotiations with the French, with whom he came to terms under the Treaty of Picquigny. France provided him with an immediate payment of 75,000 crowns and a yearly pension of 50,000 crowns, thus allowing him to "recoup his finances". Edward also backed an attempt by Alexander Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany and brother of King James III of Scotland, to take the Scottish throne in 1482. Edward's younger brother, the Duke of Gloucester (and future King Richard III) led an invasion of Scotland that resulted in the capture of Edinburgh and the Scottish king himself. Alexander Stewart, however, reneged on his agreement with Edward. The Duke of Gloucester then withdrew from his position in Edinburgh, though he did retain Berwick-upon-Tweed.
Edward became subject to an increasing number of ailments when his health began to fail and he fell fatally ill at Easter in 1483. He survived long enough though to add some codicils to his will, the most important being to name his brother Richard, Duke of Gloucester as Protector after his death. He died on 9th April 1483 and was buried in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. He was succeeded first by his twelve-year-old son Edward V of England, who was never crowned, and then by his brother who reigned as Richard III.
It is not known what actually caused Edward's death. Pneumonia, typhoid and poison have all been conjectured, but some have attributed his death to an unhealthy lifestyle because he had become stout and inactive in the years before his death.*Alex
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JAMES IV OF SCOTLAND
James IV was the King of Scotland from June 1488 until his death in battle at the age of 40 on the 9th September, 1513.
James IV's mother, Margaret of Denmark, was more popular than his father, James III, and though somewhat estranged from her husband she raised their sons at Stirling Castle until she died in 1486. Two years later, a rebellion broke out, where the rebels set up the 15-year-old Prince James as their nominal leader. The rebels fought James III at the Battle of Sauchieburn where, on 11th June 1488, the king was killed. Prince James assumed the throne as James IV and was crowned at Scone on 24th of June. However he continued to bear an intense guilt for the indirect role which he had played in the death of his father.
James maintained Scotland's traditional good relations with France, and this occasionally created diplomatic problems with England, but James recognised nonetheless that peace between Scotland and England was in the interest of both countries, and established good diplomatic relations with England as well. First he ratified the Treaty of Ayton in 1497, then, in 1502 James signed the Treaty of Perpetual Peace with Henry VII which was sealed by his marriage to Henry's daughter Margaret Tudor the next year. Anglo-Scottish relations generally remained stable until the death of Henry VII in 1509.
James saw the importance of building a fleet that could provide Scotland with a strong maritime presence, he founded two new dockyards and acquired a total of 38 ships for the Royal Scots Navy. These including the "Great Michael" which, built at great expense, was launched in 1511 and was at that time the largest ship in the world.
When war broke out between England and France, James found himself in a difficult position as an ally by treaty to both countries. But relations with England had worsened since the accession of Henry VIII, and when Henry invaded France, James reacted by declaring war on England.
James sent the Scottish navy, including the "Great Michael", to join the ships of Louis XII of France and, hoping to take advantage of Henry's absence at the siege of Thérouanne, he himself led an invading army southward into Northumberland. However, on 9th September 1513 at the disastrous Battle of Flodden James IV was killed, he was the last monarch in Great Britain to be killed in battle. His death, along with many of his nobles including his son the archbishop of St Andrews, was one of the worst military defeats in Scotland's history and the loss of such a large portion of the political community was a major blow to the realm. James IV's corpse was identified after the battle and taken to Berwick, where it was embalmed and placed in a lead coffin before being transported to London. Catherine of Aragon, wife of Henry VIII, sent the dead king's slashed, blood-stained surcoat to Henry, who was fighting in France, with the recommendation that he use it as a war banner.
James IV's son, James V, was crowned three weeks after the disaster at Flodden, but he was not yet two years old, and his minority was to be fraught with political upheaval.*Alex
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HENRY VII
Henry VII was the King of England from 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor.
Henry's mother, Margaret Beaufort, was a descendant of the Lancastrian branch of the House of Plantagenet. Henry's father, Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, a half-brother of Henry VI of England, died three months before his son Henry was born. During Henry's early years, his uncle Henry VI fought against Edward IV, a member of the Yorkist Plantagenet branch. After Edward re-took the throne in 1471, Henry Tudor spent 14 years in exile in Brittany. Henry attained the throne when his forces, supported by France and Scotland, defeated Edward IV's brother Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. He cemented his claim to the throne by marrying Elizabeth of York, daughter of King Edward IV. Henry VII was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle.
Henry was successful in restoring power and stability to the English monarchy following the civil war and he is credited with a number of administrative, economic and diplomatic initiatives. His support of England's wool industry had long-lasting benefit to the whole English economy. He paid very close attention to detail, and instead of spending lavishly he concentrated on raising new revenues. Henry's new taxes stabilised the government's finances but, after his death, a commission found there had been widespread abuses in the tax collection process.
Henry VII reigned for nearly 24 years. He died of tuberculosis at Richmond Palace on 21 April 1509 and was buried in the chapel he commissioned in Westminster Abbey next to his wife, Elizabeth. His mother survived him, but she died two months later on 29 June 1509.
Henry VII was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII.*Alex
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HENRY VI
Henry VI was King of England from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471. The only child of Henry V, he succeeded to the English throne at the age of nine months when his father died.
This was during the period of the long-running Hundred Years' War (1337 - 1453) and Henry is the only English monarch to also have been crowned King of France (as Henri II), in 1431. During his early reign several people were ruling for him and by the time Henry was declared fit to rule in 1437 he found his realm in a difficult position, faced with setbacks in France and divisions among the nobility at home. Henry is described as timid, shy, passive, well intentioned, and averse to warfare and violence; he was also at times mentally unstable. Partially in the hope of achieving peace, Henry married the ambitious and strong-willed Margaret of Anjou in 1445. The peace policy failed and the war recommenced with France taking the upper hand such that by 1453 Calais was Henry's only remaining territory on the continent.
With Henry effectively unfit to rule, Queen Margaret took advantage of the situation to make herself an effective power behind the throne. Starting around 1453 Henry began suffering a series of mental breakdowns and tensions mounted between Margaret and Richard of York, not only over control of the incapacitated king's government, but over the question of succession to the throne. Civil war broke out in 1459, leading to a long period of dynastic conflict, now known as the Wars of the Roses. Henry was deposed on 29th March 1461 after a crushing defeat at the Battle of Towton by Richard of York's son, who took the throne as Edward IV. Margaret continuing to resist Edward, but Henry was captured by Edward's forces in 1465 and imprisoned in the Tower of London.
Queen Margaret, who was first exiled in Scotland and then in France, was still determined to win back the throne on behalf of her husband and son. So, when Edward IV fell out with two of his main supporters, Richard Neville the Earl of Warwick and George the Duke of Clarence, Margaret formed a secret alliance with them backed by Louis XI of France. Warwick returned with an army to England, forced Edward IV into exile, and restored Henry VI to the throne on 30th October 1470, though Henry's position was nominal as Warwick and Clarence effectively ruled in his name.
But Henry's return to the throne lasted less than six months. Warwick overreached himself by declaring war on Burgundy, whose ruler responded by giving Edward IV the assistance he needed to win back his throne by force. Edward retook power in 1471, killing Warwick at the Battle of Barnet and Henry's only son at the Battle of Tewkesbury. Henry was again imprisoned in the Tower where, during the night of 21st May he died, possibly killed on Edward's orders.*Alex
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CARDINAL WOLSEY
When Henry VIII became King of England in 1509 he appointed Thomas Wolsey to the post of Almoner, a position that gave him a seat on the Privy Council and an opportunity for establishing a personal rapport with the King to such an extent that by 1514 Wolsey had become the controlling figure in virtually all matters of state. In 1515, he was awarded the title Archbishop of York and this, followed by his appointment that same year as Cardinal by Pope Leo X, gave him precedence over all other English clerics. His ecclesiastical power advanced even further in 1523 when the Bishop of Durham, a post with wide political powers, was added to his titles.
After Wolsey attained the position of Lord Chancellor, the King's chief adviser, he had achieved more power than any other Crown servant in English history and during his fourteen years of chancellorship Wolsey, who was often alluded to as an alter rex (other king), used his power to neutralise the influence of anyone who might threaten his position..
In spite of having made many enemies, Cardinal Wolsey retained Henry VIII's confidence until, in 1527, the King decided to seek an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon so that he could marry Anne Boleyn. Henry asked Wolsey to negotiate the annulment with the Pope and in 1528 the Pope decided to allow two papal legates, Wolsey himself and Cardinal Campeggio, to decide the outcome in England. Wolsey was confident of the outcome, but Campeggio took a long time to arrive, and then he delayed proceedings so much, that the case had to be suspended and the Pope decided that the official decision should therefore be made in Rome and not in England.
After his failure to negotiate the annulment, Wolsey fell out of favour with Henry and in 1529 he was stripped of his government office and property, including the magnificent Palace of Hampton Court, which Henry took as his own main London residence.
Wolsey was however permitted to retain the title of Archbishop of York and so he travelled to Yorkshire, for the first time in his career, to carry out those duties.
Now that he was no longer protected by Henry, Wolsey's enemies, including it is rumoured, Ann Boleyn, conspired against him and Henry had him arrested and recalled to London to answer to charges of treason, one of those being that with 'pompous and preposterous mind, he had enterprised to join and imprint the Cardinal's hat under the King's arms on the King's coin of groats made in the city of York'. But Wolsey, now in great distress, fell ill on the journey back to the capital and at Leicester, on 29 November 1530, aged about 57, he died from natural causes before he could be beheaded.*Alex
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This was my most ambitious project so far. There are two separate cabinets, both for the same collector. The one on the left contains 5 drawers each capable of holding 60 slabs. The other is a 45 tray cabinet with a variety of tray configurations, and a total capacity of over 2,200 raw coins. They were shipped in four boxes weighing approximately 215 pounds, total. (The pictures were taken at different times and in slightly different lighting conditions, which tends to make them look different in color, but they actually matched quite well.)
www.CabinetsByCraig.net. cmcdon0923
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MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS
Mary I is one of the most well known, romantic and tragic figures in Scottish history. She was the only surviving child of King James V of Scotland and became queen on the death of her father when she was only six or seven days old. Mary was brought up in the Catholic faith and educated in France along with the French royal children, while Scotland was ruled in her name by regents, principally the Earl of Arran. In 1558 Mary married the French Dauphin, Francis, and following his accession in 1559 she became Queen consort of France and he King consort of Scotland. However, when Francis died in 1560 Mary was devastated and in 1561 she returned to Scotland. Four years later, in 1565, she married her half-cousin, Lord Darnley and the following year she bore him a son, who would later become James I of England. When in 1567, Darnley's house in Edinburgh was destroyed by an explosion and he was found murdered in the grounds, suspicion implicated Mary and her favourite, the Earl of Bothwell. When later that same year Mary married Bothwell those suspicions were not allayed, and following an uprising against her, she was imprisoned in Loch Leven Castle and forced to abdicate in favour of her one year old son. After an unsuccessful attempt to regain her throne and defeat at the battle of Langside in 1568, Mary fled south to England, only to be imprisoned by Elizabeth I who perceived her as a threat to the throne of England. For over eighteen years Elizabeth had Mary confined in various castles and manor houses throughout England until, in 1587, after being accused of numerous intrigues and plots against Elizabeth, Mary was beheaded at Fotheringhay Castle.*Alex
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JAMES III
James III was crowned at Kelso Abbey in 1460 at the age of nine, he was the son of James II and Mary of Guelders. During his childhood, the government was led by successive factions until 1469 when he began to rule for himself. That same year he married Princess Margaret of Denmark. Margaret's father, King Christian I of Denmark and Norway was unable to raise the full amount of her dowry so pledged his lands and rights in Orkney and Shetland as security for the remainder. But Christian I was never able to redeem his pledge, and Orkney and Shetland have remained Scottish possessions ever since.
Soon after his marriage, James faced great difficulties in restoring a strong central government. His preference for the company of scholars, architects and artists coupled with his extravagance and partiality to favourites alienated him from the loyalty of his nobles. Even his own brothers, Alexander, Duke of Albany and John, Earl of Mar regarded him with jealousy verging on hatred. In 1479, James' brothers were arrested on suspicion of conspiring against the Crown. John Stewart, the Earl of Mar, died in suspicious circumstances, whilst Alexander Stewart, the Duke of Albany, escaped and fled to England.
The ever-present English threat had been temporarily solved by a truce with Edward IV in 1463 but James' estrangement from his brothers and a strong faction within the Scottish nobility led to the final loss of Berwick.
Although James had tried to settle his differences with Alexander, Duke of Albany, his brother again tried to take his throne in a coup after Edward IV recognised him as Alexander IV of Scotland in 1482. Some minor members of James III's household were hanged, including Robert Cochrane, the king's favourite. But James was removed to Edinburgh Castle where he survived and Alexander was exiled to France.
After his queen's death in 1486, James lived in increasing isolation amidst the growing resentment of the nobility. Finally, in 1488, the Scottish nobles seized James' eldest son, also called James, placed him at their head, and rose against the king. At the Battle of Sauchieburn, three miles from Stirling, James III, defeated, was thrown from his horse as he fled from the field. He was carried into a nearby cottage where he was set upon and stabbed to death.
James III was buried at Cambuskenneth Abbey near Stirling and his son, the figurehead of the revolt against him, was hailed as James IV.
*Alex
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Can someone explain to me something about this coin
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