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Image search results - "Vexillum"
DOMIZIAN-4.jpg
DOMITIAN - Dupondius - 86 AD.
Obv: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM COS XII CENS PER P P. Radiate head right.
Rev: S C - Shields crossed in front of vexillum.
Gs. 9,7 mm. 27
Cohen 538, RIC 329
Maxentius
ANTPIUS_BRIT_BRIT_MNT.JPG
138 - 161, ANTONINUS PIUS, AE As, Struck 154 - 155Obverse: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P XVIII, laureate and draped bust of Antoninus Pius facing right.
Reverse: BRITANNIA COS IIII, Britannia seated facing left on rock, shield and vexillum in background; S C in exergue.
Diameter: 26mm | Weight: 9.4gms | Die Axis: 7h
RIC III: 934 | SRCV: 4296 | Cohen: 117
SCARCE

The bronze coins of Antoninus Pius bearing the "Britannia" reverse type have been found in considerable quantities in Britain, but are not generally recorded from Roman sites in France and Germany. The many "Britannia" issues of Antoninus Pius found in Coventina's Well, Carrawburgh, seem to have come from only a few dies, suggesting that the place of mintage for them was not far distant, though it is possible that the issue was both issued at Rome and produced locally in Britannia.
The reverse type of Britannia seated on a rock, eventually adorned Great Britain's coinage many centuries later when the design was reintroduced by Charles II in 1672.



COVENTINA'S WELL
Dedications to Coventina and votive deposits were found in a walled area, now called "Coventina's Well", which had been built to contain the outflow from a spring near the site of a Roman fort and settlement, on Hadrian's Wall. Now called Carrawburgh, the site is named as Procolita in the 5th century "Notitia Dignitatum". The remains of a Roman Mithraeum and Nymphaeum were also found near the site.
*Alex
ANTPIUS_BRIT_ROM_MNT.JPG
138 - 161, ANTONINUS PIUS, AE As, Struck 154 - 155 alluding to BritanniaObverse: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P XVIII. Laureate and draped bust of Antoninus Pius facing right.
Reverse: BRITANNIA COS IIII. Britannia seated facing left on rock, shield and vexillum in background; S C in exergue.
Diameter: 26mm | Weight: 12.7gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC III: 934 | SRCV: 4296 | Cohen: 117 | BMC: 1971 | SPINK: 666
SCARCE

The bronze coins of Antoninus Pius bearing the "Britannia" reverse type have been found in considerable quantities in Britain, but are not generally recorded from Roman sites in France and Germany. The many "Britannia" issues of Antoninus Pius found in Coventina's Well, Carrawburgh, seem to have come from only a few dies, suggesting that the place of mintage for them was not far distant, though it is possible that the issue was both issued at Rome and produced locally in Britannia.
The reverse type of Britannia seated on a rock, eventually adorned Great Britain's coinage many centuries later when the design was reintroduced by Charles II in 1672.


COVENTINA'S WELL
Dedications to Coventina and votive deposits were found in a walled area, now called "Coventina's Well", which had been built to contain the outflow from a spring near the site of a Roman fort and settlement, on Hadrian's Wall. Now called Carrawburgh, the site is named as Procolita in the 5th century "Notitia Dignitatum". The remains of a Roman Mithraeum and Nymphaeum were also found near the site.

CLICK ON ENGRAVING OF COVANTINA'S WELL BELOW TO ENLARGE IT

1 comments*Alex
005n.jpg
Δ and Six-pointed starCILICIA. Ninica-Claudiopolis. Maximinus I. Æ 28. A.D. 235-238. Obv: IMPCSIVLVERMAXIMINVS. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right; 2 countermarks: (1) before face, (2) on bust. Rev: NIN-C-CLAV. Colonist ploughing behind two oxen, in background vexillum. Ref: BMC 8. Axis: 360°. Weight: 9.86 g. CM (1): Δ containing dot, all within circle; circular punch, 6 mm. Howgego 669 (49 pcs). Not likely to be a denominational countermark. CM (2): Six-pointed star, incuse, 6 mm from point to point. Howgego 451 (45 pcs). Collection Automan.Automan
168.jpg
Δ, 6-pointed star and NikeCILICIA. Ninica-Claudiopolis. Maximinus I. Æ 28. A.D. 235-238. Obv: (...MA)XIMINVΓP(A)UTΛ or similar. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right; 4 countermarks: (1) before face, (2) on shoulder; (3) before chest, (4) behind neck. Rev: (C)-OLN-(I)NI-CLAUΔ. Colonist ploughing behind two oxen, in background vexillum, star before colonist. Ref: BMC 8 (var. obv. leg.). Axis: 210°. Weight: 10.70 g. CM(1): Six-pointed star, incuse, 6 mm from point to point. Howgego 451 (45 pcs). CM(2): Δ containing dot, all within circle; circular punch, 6 mm. . Howgego 669 (49 pcs). Note: Not likely to be a denominational countermark. CM(3-4): Nike right, in oval punch, c. 5 x 8 mm (not certain!). Howgego 262 (34 pcs). Note:The sequence of application appears to have been (1) Δ in circle (669), (2) six-pointed star (451), and (3) Nike (262). Collection Automan.Automan
Egypt_5409.jpg
EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera (21mm, 3.70 g, 11 h)
Dated year 5 of an uncertain era
Hermes standing left, holding bag and long caduceus; to left, ramleaping left, star above
Vexillum; L [Є] flanking
Milne 5409 corr. (ram not described); Dattari (Savio) 6453 corr. (vexillum on reverse); Köln -
Ardatirion
normal_HADRIAN_DACIA_blkRES.jpg
(0117) HADRIAN117 - 138 AD
AE As 26.5 mm 9.54 g
O: BARE-HEADED DRAPED BUST RIGHT
R: DACIA SEATED HOLDING VEXILLUM AND CURVED DACIAN SWORD/ S-C
laney
caracalla_vexillum_res.jpg
(0198) CARACALLAprobably Caracalla, 198-217 AD
AE 15 mm, 3.83 g
O: head right
R: vexillum
Mesopotamia, Rhesaena
laney
rhesanea_vex_resb.jpg
(0198) CARACALLA198 - 217 AD
AE 17 X 19 mm; 5.31 g
O: Bust right, supported by eagle.
Rev: LEG-III; vexillum with star at center;
Mesopotamia, Rhesaena
laney
ox_vex_murex_bres_r4.jpg
(0198) CARACALLA (perhaps)198-217
AE 28.5 mm; 12.58 g
O: Bust right
R: Founder, plowing right with yoke of oxen; in background; vexillum inscribed [LEG/III/GAL] in three lines; murex shell at lower right.
Phoenicia, Tyre
(This may be Elagabalus or other)
laney
vex_murex_ox_b_x_res.jpg
(0218) ELAGABALUS218 - 222 AD
AE 19.5 mm, 7.1 g
O: Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R: Bull standing right; in background, vexillum inscribed LEG/III]/GAL in three lines; murex shell to right
Phoenicia, Tyre
laney
sev_alex_rhes_centaur.jpg
(0222) SEVERUS ALEXANDER222-235 AD
AE 17.5 mm; 2.12 g
O: Laureate, cuirassed bust with paludamentum, right
R: Sagittarius, right; Right hand over right shoulder, bow in left hand
Mesopotamia, Rhesaena; cf. Castelin, Prague, 17A (Plate III); BMC Rhesaena, 9, Pl. XVIII, var. (no Vexillum)
laney
tranq_singara_res.jpg
(0241) TRANQUILLINA241 - 244 AD
AE 15 mm, 3.29 g
O: Draped diademed bust right (countermark at back of head)
R: Vexillum
Mesopotamia, Singara (possibly unpublished)
laney
valerianAntioch.jpg
-Pisidia, Antioch. Valerian I. AD 253-260.Æ 22mm. Radiate and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind / ANTIO-C-H-I COL, S-R across field, vexillum surmounted by an eagle, between two standards. Krzyzanowska VII/18; SNG France 13162 commentsancientone
NeroDECVRSIOSestertiusRome.JPG
005. Nero 54-68AD. AE Sestertius, Rome mint, 63AD. DECVRSIO. 38.6mmObv. Laureate ead right, wearing aegis NERO CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG GERM P M TR P IMP P P
Rev. Nero on horseback prancing right, wearing cuirass, short tunic, and billowing cloak, spear in right hand, to right soldier moving right. carrying vexillum; to leftin shallow relief, soldier running right DECVRSIO in ex
BMCRE 155; Cohen 94, RIC I 176 var (obv legend)
38.6mm, 180o, 63 A.D. Rome mint.
This sestertius was an early emission from the Rome Mint, which resumed striking bronze after about 10 years of inactivity. The talented engraver, perhaps with extra time for this initial project, produced one of the best dies in the entire imperial bronze series. The special style, complemented by superior execution, has similarities to later medallions.


The fine expressive portrait has higher relief than the more common Lugdunum issues.
The reverse uses the roundness of the flan and three geometric planes of relief to both present the scene in a format that draws the eye to the emperor and show movement that is lacking on almost all other Roman coins. The rare use of geometric planes was repeated on ADLOCVTIO sestertii of Galba five years later, perhaps the work of the same artist. Rome sestertii after 70 A.D. are of far less impressive style.


The lack of SC leaves the reverse fields uncluttered. SC stood for Senatus Consultum, "By Decree of the Senate" and signified the role of the Senate in the minting of brass and bronze coinage. Many sestertii of Caligula and some brass and bronze of Nero lack SC. Subsequent issues include SC again, until inflation produced the demise of the sestertius under Gallienus, c. 265 AD
5 commentsLordBest
marcd.jpg
019a04. Marcus AureliusDenarius. Obv: ANTONINVS AVG ARMENIACVS, laureate head right.
Rev: P M TR P XVIII IMP II COS III, mourning Armenia seated left in peaked cap, hand on bow and quiver; before a vexillum and shield, ARMEN in ex. RIC 81.
lawrence c
Augustus_RIC_288.jpg
02 Augustus RIC 288Augusts 27 B.C.- 14 A.D. AR Denarius. Rome mint, 19 B.C. P. Petronius Turpilianus, moneyer. (3.65g, 18.2m, 0h). Obv: TVRPILIANS IIIVIR FERON, Diad. and draped bust of Feronia r. Rev: CAESAR AVGVSTVS SIGN RECE, Parthian kneeling r. presenting standard w. X marked vexillum. RIC 288, BMC 14, RSC 484.

A historical type commemorating the return of the standards lost by Crassus at the battle of Carrhae during his Parthian campaign in 53 B.C. Rome was humiliated by the defeat and loss of several Legionary Eagles. Crassus and several of his generals were killed. Through diplomacy, Augusts secured the return of the Eagles, an important victory to tout on his coinage.

I've been wanting this type for some time because of it's historic significance, but as it's outside of my primary collecting area, I was willing to compromise on condition. This example is worn, but clearly recognizable. The obverse has banker's marks which seem to disappear or become much more scarce on denarii towards the end of the Republic and beginning of the Empire.
Lucas H
029.jpg
023 ELAGABALUSEMPEROR: Elagabalus
DENOMINATION: Antoninianus
OBVERSE: IMP ANTONINVS AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
REVERSE: FIDES MILITVM Fides standing, head right, holding standard and vexillum
DATE: 218-222 AD
MINT: Roma
WEIGHT: 4.68 g
RIC: 72
Barnaba6
card.jpg
027a09. CaracallaAE16 of Mesopotamia, Rhesaena. 16mm, 3.76 g. Obv: AVT KAI ANTΩNEINOC CEB, laureate head right on eagle standing right, bull in left field facing downward, bull in right field facing upward (latter off flan). Rev: LEG III, vexillum, ribbons on middle of pole, holding banner for Legio III Parthica. Lindgren 2606.lawrence c
normal_ela2~1.jpg
030a11. ElagabalusDenarius. Rome, AD 219. Obv: IMP ANTONINVS AVG, laureate draped bust right. Rev: FIDES MILITVM, Fides standing front, head right, holding standard and vexillum. RSC 41. RIC 73.lawrence c
max.jpg
032a10. Maximinus ThraxCILICIA. Ninica-Claudiopolis. Obv: IMP MAXIMINVS PI. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right; c/m: circumscribed Δ within incuse circle and incuse star of six rays. Rev: COL NINIC CLAVΔ. Colonist plowing right with yoke of oxen; behind, star and vexillum surmounted by eagle standing right. RPC VI online 6910; for c/m: Howgego 669 and 451. 10.42 g., 30 mm. Naumann Auct 118, Lot 488.
lawrence c
032_Hadrianus_28117-138_A_D_292C_Billon-Tetradr2C_RPC_III_57682C_Alexandria2C_AYT_KAI_TRAI_ADRIA_CEB2C_L_IE2C_y-152C_130-1_AD2C_Q-0012C_11h2C_23-232C8mm2C_122C97g-s~0.jpg
032p Hadrianus (117-138 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC III 5768, AR-Tetradrachm, L-IE, Alexandria and Emperor, #1032p Hadrianus (117-138 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC III 5768, AR-Tetradrachm, L-IE, Alexandria and Emperor, #1
avers: AYT KAI TΡAI AΔΡIA CEB, Laureate draped and cuirassed bust of Hadrian, right, seen from the rear.
reverse: L-IE, Alexandria standing facing, head right, holding ears of corn and vexillum; to right, Emperor (Hadrian), laureate-headed, wearing a toga, standing facing, head left, holding scepter.
exergue: L/IE//--, diameter: 23,0-23,8mm, weight: 12,976g, axis: 0h,
mint: Egypt, Alexandria, date: 134-135 A.D., L-IE Year 15.,
ref:
RPC III 5768,
Emmet -,
Milne 1294,
Geissen 1026-1029,
Dattari 1267-1270
Kampmann-Ganschow 032.505,
Köln 1026,
BMC 669,
Sear 3736,
Q-001
quadrans
Marc-Aurelius_AR-Den_ANTONINVS-AVG-ARMENIACVS_P-M-TR-P-XVIII-IMP-II-COS-III_ARMEN_RIC-III-81-p-219_C-_Rome-163-64-AD_Q-001_11-h_17mm_3,18g-s.jpg
037b Marcus Aurelius (139-161 A.D. as Caesar, 161-180 A.D. as Augustus), RIC III 0081, Rome, AR-Denarius, P M TR P XVIII IMP II COS III, -/-//ARMEN, Armenia seated left, #1037b Marcus Aurelius (139-161 A.D. as Caesar, 161-180 A.D. as Augustus), RIC III 0081, Rome, AR-Denarius, P M TR P XVIII IMP II COS III, -/-//ARMEN, Armenia seated left, #1
avers: ANTONINVS AVG ARMENIACVS, Laureate head right.
reverse: P M TR P XVIII IMP II COS III, Armenia seated left, left hand on the bow with shield and vexillum before her.
exergue: -/-//ARMEN, diameter: 17,0mm, weight: 3,18g, axis: 11h,
mint: Rome, date: 163-164 A.D.,
ref: RIC III. 081, p-219, RSC 7, BMCRE 274, Sear 4881, p-303,
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
RI_048n_img.jpg
048 - Antoninus Pius, Denarius - RIC 151Obv: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P, Lauereate head left
Rev: TR POT COS IIII / LIB IIII, Liberalitas standing left, holding vexillum & cornucopia
Minted in Rome. A.D. 145
Reference:- RIC 151. RSC 490.
maridvnvm
RPC_71_Semis_Druso_ITALICA.jpg
05 - 40 - Cnia. Itálica - DRUSO (20 - 23 D.C.)AE Semis 23 mm 4.95 gr.

Anv: "DRVSVS CAESAR TI AVG F" (Leyenda anti-horaria), Cabeza desnuda viendo a derecha.
Rev: Aquila (Águila Legionaria) y Vexillum (Estandarte) entre dos Signa (Insignias militares), "MUNIC ITALIC" (Leyenda anti-horaria), "PE-R / AV-G" en campo centro.

Acuñada 20 - 23 D.C.
Ceca: Cnia. Municipium Itálica, Hispania (Hoy Saltiponce, Sevilla, España)

Referencias: RPC #71, SNG Cop #419, ACIP #3340, Vives Pl.CLXVIII #12, ABH #1596, FAB #1685 P.205, Sear GICV #338 P.31, RAH #2012-20 Pag. 259/60 - DC y P #3 Pag.215, Cohen I #9 Pag.218, Heiss #10 Pag.380
mdelvalle
RI_064ar_img.jpg
064 - Septimius Severus denarius - RIC 001Obv:- IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG, Laureate head right
Rev:- FIDEI LEG TR P COS, Fides standing left, holding Victory and vexillum.
Minted in Rome, A.D. 193
References:- RIC 1
maridvnvm
RI_064ar_img~0.JPG
064 - Septimius Severus denarius - RIC 001Obv:- IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG, Laureate head right
Rev:- FIDEI LEG TR P COS, Fides standing left, holding Victory and vexillum.
Minted in Rome, A.D. 193
References:- RIC 1

2.58gms. 17.61mm. 180 degrees
maridvnvm
VIM_Gordianus-III_AE-30_IMP-GORDIANVS-PIVS-FEL-AVG_PMS_C_O_L-VIM_AN-IIII_Vexillum_241_Pick-080_PM-1-38-1_Mus-31_Q-001_19,30g-s~0.jpg
072p Gordianus-III. (238-244 A.D.), Moesia, Viminacium, PM 01-38-01, AE-Sestertius, Vexillum, Rare!, #01 072p Gordianus-III. (238-244 A.D.), Moesia, Viminacium, PM 01-38-01, AE-Sestertius, Vexillum, Rare!, #01
avers:- IMP-GORDIANVS-PIVS-FEL-AVG, laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right, seen from the back .
revers:- PMS_C_O_L-VIM, Moesia standing half left, between bull to left and lion to right, holding vexillum marked IIII in left hand and vexillum marked VII in right hand, date AN IIII in exergo.
exergo: AN IIII, diameter: 30mm, weight: 19,30g, axis: h,
mint: Moesia, Viminacium, date: 242-243 A.D., regnal year IIII., ref: Pick-085, PM-1-38-1, Mus-31,
Q-001
quadrans
VIM_Gordianus-III_AE-30_IMP-GORDIANVS-PIVS-FEL-AVG_PMS_C_O_L-VIM_AN-IIII_Vexillum_241_Pick-080_PM-1-38-1_Mus-31_Q-002_20,02g-s~0.jpg
072p Gordianus-III. (238-244 A.D.), Moesia, Viminacium, PM 01-38-01, AE-Sestertius, Vexillum, Rare!, #02072p Gordianus-III. (238-244 A.D.), Moesia, Viminacium, PM 01-38-01, AE-Sestertius, Vexillum, Rare!, #02
avers:- IMP-GORDIANVS-PIVS-FEL-AVG, laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right, seen from the back.
revers:- PMS_C_O_L-VIM, Moesia standing half left, between bull to left and lion to right, holding vexillum marked IIII in left hand and vexillum marked VII in right hand, date AN IIII in exergo.
exergo: AN IIII, diameter: 30mm, weight: 19,30g, axis: h,
mint: Moesia, Viminacium, date: 242-243 A.D., regnal year IIII., ref: Pick-085, PM-1-38-1, Mus-31,
Q-002
quadrans
VIM_Gordianus-III_AE-21-Dup_IMP-GORDIANVS-PIVS-FEL-AVG_PMS_C_O_L-VIM_AN-IIII_Vexillum_Pick-86_PM-1-39-1_Mus-xx_242-43-AD_Q-001_h_21mm_x0,0g-s.jpg
072p Gordianus-III. (238-244 A.D.), Moesia, Viminacium, PM 01-39-01, AE-Dupondius, Vexillum, Rare!, #01072p Gordianus-III. (238-244 A.D.), Moesia, Viminacium, PM 01-39-01, AE-Dupondius, Vexillum, Rare!, #01
avers:- IMP-GORDIANVS-PIVS-FEL-AVG, radiate, draped, cuirassed bust right, seen from the back .
revers:- PMS_C_O_L-VIM, Moesia standing half left, between bull to left and lion to right, holding vexillum marked IIII in left hand and vexillum marked VII in right hand, date AN IIII in exergo.
exergo: AN IIII, diameter: mm, weight: ,g, axis: h,
mint: Moesia, Viminacium, date: 242-243 AD. regnal year IIII., ref: Pick-, PM-1-39-1, Mus-,
Q-001
quadrans
VIM_Gordianus-III_AE-21-Dup_IMP-GORDIANVS-PIVS-FEL-AVG_PMS_C_O_L-VIM_AN-IIII_Vexillum_Pick-86_PM-1-39-1_Mus-xx_242-43-AD_Q-003_axis-h_mm_x0,0g-s~0.jpg
072p Gordianus-III. (238-244 A.D.), Moesia, Viminacium, PM 01-39-01, AE-Dupondius, Vexillum, Rare!, #02072p Gordianus-III. (238-244 A.D.), Moesia, Viminacium, PM 01-39-01, AE-Dupondius, Vexillum, Rare!, #02
avers:- IMP-GORDIANVS-PIVS-FEL-AVG, radiate, draped, cuirassed bust right, seen from the back .
revers:- PMS_C_O_L-VIM, Moesia standing half left, between bull to left and lion to right, holding vexillum marked IIII in left hand and vexillum marked VII in right hand, date AN IIII in exergo.
exergo: AN IIII, diameter: mm, weight: ,g, axis: h,
mint: Moesia, Viminacium, date: 242-243 AD. regnal year IIII., ref: Pick-, PM-1-39-1, Mus-,
Q-002
quadrans
VIM_Gordianus-III_AE-21-Dup_IMP-GORDIANVS-PIVS-FEL-AVG_PMS_C_O_L-VIM_AN-IIII_Vexillum_Pick-86_PM-1-39-1_Mus-xx_242-43-AD_Q-002_axis-h_mm_x0,0g-s~0.jpg
072p Gordianus-III. (238-244 A.D.), Moesia, Viminacium, PM 01-39-01, AE-Dupondius, Vexillum, Rare!, #03072p Gordianus-III. (238-244 A.D.), Moesia, Viminacium, PM 01-39-01, AE-Dupondius, Vexillum, Rare!, #03
avers:- IMP-GORDIANVS-PIVS-FEL-AVG, radiate, draped, cuirassed bust right, seen from the back .
revers:- PMS_C_O_L-VIM, Moesia standing half left, between bull to left and lion to right, holding vexillum marked IIII in left hand and vexillum marked VII in right hand, date AN IIII in exergo.
exergo: AN IIII, diameter: mm, weight: ,g, axis: h,
mint: Moesia, Viminacium, date: 242-243 AD. regnal year IIII., ref: Pick-, PM-1-39-1, Mus-,
Q-003
quadrans
VIM_Gordianus-III_AE-30_IMP-GORDIANVS-PIVS-FEL-AVG_PMSC_OL-VIM_AN-IIII_Rabbit-and-Vexillum_241_Pick-089_PM-1-42-1_Mus-_Q-001_1h_27,5-28,5mm_15,54g-s~0.jpg
072p Gordianus-III. (238-244 A.D.), Moesia, Viminacium, PM 01-42-01, AE-Sestertius, Rabbit and Vexillum, Rare!!!, #01072p Gordianus-III. (238-244 A.D.), Moesia, Viminacium, PM 01-42-01, AE-Sestertius, Rabbit and Vexillum, Rare!!!, #01
avers:- IMP-GORDIANVS-PIVS-FEL-AVG, Laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right.
revers:- PMS-C-OL-VIM, Moesia standing facing, head left, holding hare by its hind legs and standard, date AN IIII in exergo.
exergo: -/-//AN IIII, diameter: 27,5-28,5mm, weight: 15,45g, axis: 1h,
mint: Moesia, Viminacium, date: 242-243 A.D., regnal year IIII., ref: Pick-089, PM-1-42-1, Mus-, Rare !!!
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
cons2.jpg
083a02. Constantine IFollis. Ticinum. 20mm, 2.93 g. Obv: CONSTANTINVS AVG .
Helmeted and cuirassed bust right. Rev: VIRTVS EXERCIT / ST.
Vexillum inscribed VOT / XX in two lines; bound captive to left and right.
RIC 114. Naumann Auction 97, Lot 582.
lawrence c
licin.jpg
084a. LiciniusBorn to a Dacian peasant family. Made Western Augustus by Galerius in 308. When Galerius died in 311, split empire with Maximinus Daia. Married half-sister of Constantine. Licinius broke with Maximinus, and in war between the two, Maximinus was defeated. Licinius then split empire with Constantine. On and off again conflict emerged between the two, In 324, Constantine defeated Licinius at battles of Adrianople and Chrysopolis. Licinius initially imprisoned, but then hanged.

Coin: 308-324 AD. Follis. 19mm, 2.80 g. Ticinum mint. Obv: IMP LICINIVS AVG. Helmeted and cuirassed bust right. Rev: VIRTVS EXERCIT / TT. Vexillum inscribed VOT/XX; bound captive to left and right. RIC 116. Naumann Auction 70, Lot 664.


lawrence c
agora2.jpg
084a03. Licinius IBI centenionalis. 18.5 mm, 3.08 g. Aquilea mint, AD 320. Obv: IMP LICINIVS AVG, laureate head of Licinius I right. Rev: VIRTVS EXERCIT, two bound captives seated back-to-back at foot of vexillum with banner inscribed VOT / XX in two lines; S - F / AQS. RIC VII 50.lawrence c
licinius~1.jpg
084a07. Licinius I308-324 AD. Follis. 19mm, 2.80 g. Ticinum mint. Obv: IMP LICINIVS AVG. Helmeted and cuirassed bust right. Rev: VIRTVS EXERCIT / TT. Vexillum inscribed VOT/XX; bound captive to left and right. RIC 116. Naumann Auction 70, Lot 664.1 commentslawrence c
353Hadrian_RIC900.jpg
0900 Hadrian AS Roma 134-38 AD MauretaniaReference.
RIC 900f; C. 69

Obv. HADRIANVS AVG COS III P P
Bust of Hadrian, laureate, draped, right

Rev. ADVENTVI AVG MAVRETANIAE in Ex S C
Hadrian, togate, on left, standing right, holding roll in left hand and raising right to Mauretania, wearing elephant-skin headdress, standing left, facing him, on right, sacrificing over altar in center with right hand and holding vexillum in left; bull? next to altar.

14.26 gr
27 mm
5h
1 commentsokidoki
1-tessera-roman-Cohen-46.gif
1 tessera roman Cohen 46AE tessera
2.54 g, 16.5 mm, 6 h.
Obv. Vexillum.
Rev. Minerva standing left.
Cohen 46.
Aleph
66173q00.jpg
107a02. ArcadiusAE2. 22.6mm, 4.68 g. 3rd officina, Nicomedia (Izmit, Turkey) 25 Aug 383 - 28 Aug 388 A.D. Obv: D N ARCADIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right. Rev: VIRTVS EXERCITI (courage of the army), emperor standing right, left foot on captive, vexillum behind in right, globe in left hand, SMNΓ in exergue. RIC IX Nicomedia 44(c)2. A FORUM coin.lawrence c
hadrian as-mauretania.jpg
117-138 AD - HADRIAN AE as - struck 134-138 ADobv: HADRIANVS AVG COS III PP (draped bust right)
rev: ADVENTVI AVG MAVRITANIAE (Hadrian standing on left, togate, and Mauretania on right, wearing snake head-dress, in short tunic, holding patera over flaming altar between them & vexillum), SC in exergue.
ref: RIC II 900 (Adventus type), C.69(6fr)
11.93gms, 27mm
Scarce
berserker
855Hadrian_RIC706.jpg
1171 Hadrian Sestertius Roma 129-30 AD Galley leftReference rare var.
RIC II, 706; Strack 841; C. 699-701; Banti 376; RIC III 1171

Bust C2

Obv. HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS
Laureate, draped bust viewed from side

Rev. FELICITATI / AVG P P S-C in field; COS III in exergue
Galley left with steersman and six rowers; curved stern above hortator, two sigma at stern (no vexillum on prow)

23.41 gr
31 mm
12h
2 commentsokidoki
1523Hadrian_RIC1282pl.jpg
1282 Hadrian Sestertius Roma 129-30 AD Galley leftReference.
RIC II –; RIC II.3 1282 (this coin referenced and illustrated); Strack –;Banti –.

Bust C2

Obv. HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS
Laureate, draped bust, viewed from side

Rev. FELICITATI AVG COS III P P in three lines above, S C across field
Galley moving left with stearman and six rowers; vexillum on prow.

27 gr
32.50 mm
12h

Note.
From the Toliver Besson Collection, purchased from Jon Jencek (14 December 2012). Ex Goldberg 5.3 (7 June 2000), lot 3582; Earl Fitzwilliam’s Wentworth Estates Company Collection (Christie’s, 30 May 1949), lot 124 (part of).

This very rare Hadrian Sestertius was part of the highly important collection of Roman Brass Coins and Medallions originally formed in the mid-eighteenth century, and sold by order of The Earl Fitzwilliam’s Wentworth Estates Company. Spring notes that the coins came from the collections of the Museo del Padri Corsini acquired in Italy in 1748, and the Abbé Visconti, President of the Society of Antiquaries in Rome, purchased about 1774.
4 commentsokidoki
770Hadrian_RIC706~0.jpg
1285 Hadrian Sestertius Roma 129-30 AD Galley leftReference
RIC II, 706; Strack 837; C. 657; Banti 337; RIC 1285

Bust A1

Obv. HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS
Laureate head

Rev. FELICITATI AVG COS III P P S C in field
Galley moving left with stearman and five rowers; vexillum on prow.

23.61 gr
31 mm
12h

Ex.
Stack's Bowers Galleries January 2013 N.Y.I.N.C. lot 5210

Note.
An acrostolium is an ornamental extension of the stem post on the prow of an ancient warship. Often used as a symbol of victory or of power at sea. (numiswiki)
1st-4th Century AD:
The Ship in Imperial Rome

Realizing its importance, Augustus established the Roman navy along lines similar to that of the legions. In addition to a number of key harbors, from which ships could be deployed, he stationed several fleets (Latin classes) in key areas throughout the empire. Among these, the classis Britannica patrolled the channel between Gaul and Britannia, protecting the shipping lanes. Its strategic regional importance is commemorated in the coinage of several of the period usurpers from the area. M. Aurelius Postumus was the first to do so (lots 676-679). His bronze ship issues carry the legend LAETITIA AVG, emphasizing the source of imperial well-being resides in a strong navy. The usurper M. Aurelius Carausius, commander of the classis Britannica under Diocletian, struck coins commemorating, in part, his control of that fleet and its abilities in keeping the sea lanes open (lot 680). His short-lived successor, Allectus, continued the type (lots 681-684).

One important function of the navy was the transportation of the imperial family on state visits. From the time of Augustus, vessels were dispatched to carry the emperor between the capital and the provinces. One such instance is commemorated in a rare bronze as, struck at Patrae in AD 66/7 (lot 609). The reverse depicts the quinquereme used to carry Nero on his infamous tour of Greece. Hadrian’s extensive travels were recorded with a wide variety of ship types struck at Rome (lots 610-622), and in the East (lot 623). An inscription from Ephesus (Syll. III 3241), records that a local captain, L. Erastus, used his ship to transport the emperor while he was in that area. A coin struck at Alexandria (lot 624) is of particular importance for, in the same year as the coin was struck Antinoüs drowned as the imperial party was sailing up the Nile. Hadrian’s successors continued to travel, now to shore up border conflicts or prepare for one of the periodic wars with Persia (lots 625-627; 631-675). By the middle of the third century AD local issues, rather than those minted at the imperial capital, recorded these events, a sign that the center of power was drifting away from Rome itself.

Warships were not the exclusive vessel of the Roman navy. Providing the empire with an uninterrupted supply of grain, as well as other necessary supplies, necessitated the construction of ship for such a purpose. Unlike the warship, which required speed and strength for ramming, the merchantman (Greek nau~ stroggulh; Latin navis oneraria) was of broader beam. Many of these vessels, like the ponto or more common actuaria resembled the shape of a trireme and could be powered by both oars and sails. Since ships of this type were used to transport vital commodities such as wine and grain, they, like the large ponto, are often those shown on coins from the Black Sea (lots 655 and 664-666). The great Roman merchantman, or corbita, often seen in part on imperial issues commemorating the annona, is more familiar (lots 607-608). Powered by two large sails, it featured a rear cabin in the shape of a swan and was the true workhorse of Roman merchant vessels; its type continued well into the Byzantine period.
3 commentsokidoki
Trajan_Legionary_RIC_294~0.jpg
13 Trajan RIC 295Trajan 98-117 AD. Ar Denarius. Rome Mint. 112-114 AD. Obv: IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DAC PM TR P COS VI PP, Laureate draped bust right. Rev: SPQR OPTIMO PRINCIPI, Legionary eagle between standard and vexillum.
BMC 458 ; RIC 295; RSC 577
3 commentsPaddy
1611Hadrian_RIC_1329.jpg
1308 Hadrian As Roma 129-30 AD Galley leftReference
RIC II, 718; Strack 837; C. 657; RIC 1308

Bust D2/L

Obv. HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS
Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust viewed from side

Rev. FELICITATI AVG; S C in field; COS III P P in ex.
Galley left with steersman and five rowers; vexillum on prow.

10.86 gr
28 mm
12h
2 commentsokidoki
784P_Hadrian_RPC1322.jpg
1322 Hadrian, Cistophorus MYSIA Pergamum mint Legionary eagle between standardsReference.
RPC III, 1322; Metcalf 1; RIC II 517

Obv. HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS P P
Bare head, draped bust right

Rev. COS III
Legionary eagle between standards with Vexillum

10.21 gr
28 mm
12h
1 commentsokidoki
Licinius-l__AE-3-silvered_IMP-LI-CINIVS-AVG_VIRTVS-EXERCIT_S-F_VOT-XX__-SIS-star_RIC-VII-110-p-438-r4-2-D2_320-AD-Siscia_Q-001_axis-1h_20mm_3,27g-s.jpg
132b Licinius l. (308-324 A.D.), Siscia, RIC VII 110Є, S/F//ЄSIS*, AE-3 Follis, VIRTVS EXERCIT, Vexillum with banner and captives, R4!!!, #1132b Licinius l. (308-324 A.D.), Siscia, RIC VII 110Є, S/F//ЄSIS*, AE-3 Follis, VIRTVS EXERCIT, Vexillum with banner and captives, R4!!!, #1
avers: IMP LICINIVS AVG, 2, D2, Helmeted and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: VIRTVS EXERCIT, Vexillum with a banner inscribed VOT/XX, captive sit in ground on either side, S and F left and right side in fields.
exergue: S/F//ЄSIS*, diameter: 20mm, weight: 3,27g, axis: 1h,
mint: Siscia, date: 320 A.D.,
ref: RIC VII 110Є, p-438, R4!!!, Sear .,
Q-001
quadrans
Licinius-l__AE-3-silvered_IMP-LI-CINIVS-AVG_VIRTVS-EXERCIT_S-F_VOT-XX__-SIS-star_RIC-VII-110-p-438-r4-2-D2_320-AD-Siscia_Q-002_axis-1h_20mm_3,17g-s.jpg
132b Licinius l. (308-324 A.D.), Siscia, RIC VII 110Є, S/F//ЄSIS*, AE-3 Follis, VIRTVS EXERCIT, Vexillum with banner and captives, R4!!!, #2132b Licinius l. (308-324 A.D.), Siscia, RIC VII 110Є, S/F//ЄSIS*, AE-3 Follis, VIRTVS EXERCIT, Vexillum with banner and captives, R4!!!, #2
avers: IMP LICINIVS AVG, 2, D2, Helmeted and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: VIRTVS EXERCIT, Vexillum with a banner inscribed VOT/XX, captive sit in ground on either side, S and F left and right side in fields.
exergue: S/F//ЄSIS*, diameter: 20mm, weight: 3,17g, axis: 1h,
mint: Siscia, date: 320 A.D.,
ref: RIC VII 110Є, p-438, R4!!!, Sear .,
Q-002
1 commentsquadrans
Licinius-l__AE-3-silvered_IMP-LI-CINIVS-AVG_VIRTVS-EXERCIT_S-F-over-HL_VOT-XX_B-SIS-star-on_crescent_RIC-VII-129-p-440-r1-2-D2_320-AD-Siscia_Q-001_axis-1h_19mm_3,26g-s.jpg
132b Licinius l. (308-324 A.D.), Siscia, RIC VII 129B, S/F/HL//BSIS star on crescent, AE-3 Follis, VIRTVS EXERCIT, Vexillum with banner and captives, R1! #1132b Licinius l. (308-324 A.D.), Siscia, RIC VII 129B, S/F/HL//BSIS star on crescent, AE-3 Follis, VIRTVS EXERCIT, Vexillum with banner and captives, R1! #1
avers: IMP LICINIVS AVG, 2, D2, Helmeted and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: VIRTVS EXERCIT, Vexillum with a banner inscribed VOT/XX, captive sit in ground on either side, S and F over HL left and right side in fields.
exergue: S/F/HL//BSIS star on crescent, diameter: 19,0mm, weight: 3,26g, axis: 1h,
mint: Siscia, date: 320 A.D.,
ref: RIC VII 129B, p-440, R1!, Sear -,
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
Constantinus_I__Siscia_RIC_VII_109,_AE-Follis_CONST_A_NTINVS_AVG,_1,D2,_VIRTVS_EXERCIT_S-F_VOT-XX_GSIS-star,_p-438_3rd_-off_320-AD_R3_Q-001_7h_17,0-18,5mm_2,78g-s.jpg
136 Constantinus I. (306-309 A.D. Caesar, 309-910 A.D. Filius Augustorum, 307-337 A.D. Augustus), Siscia, RIC VII 109, AE-3 Follis, S/F//ΓSIS*, VIRTVS EXERCIT, Vexillum and captives, R3!!!, #1136 Constantinus I. (306-309 A.D. Caesar, 309-910 A.D. Filius Augustorum, 307-337 A.D. Augustus), Siscia, RIC VII 109, AE-3 Follis, S/F//ΓSIS*, VIRTVS EXERCIT, Vexillum and captives, R3!!!, #1
avers:- CONST ANTINVS AVG, 1, Helmeted, cuirassed bust right.
rever:- VIRTVS EXERCIT, D2, S-F on either side, Vexillum reading VOT/XX, seated captive on either side.
exergo: S/F//ΓSIS*, diameter: 17,0-18,5mm, weight: 2,78g, axis: 7h,
mint: Siscia, date: 320 A.D., ref:RIC VII 109, p-438, 3rd.-off., R3 !!!
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
Constantinus-I__AE-Follis_CONST-ANTINVS-AVG_VIRTVS-EXERCIT_S-F-over-HL_VOT-XX-in-Vexillum_x-SIS-star_RIC-120_C-x_Q-001_18mm_1_97g-s.jpg
136 Constantinus I. (306-309 A.D. Caesar, 309-910 A.D. Filius Augustorum, 307-337 A.D. Augustus), Siscia, RIC VII 120, AE-3 Follis, S/F/HL//ΓSIS*, VIRTVS EXERCIT, Vexillum and captives, R3!!!, #1136 Constantinus I. (306-309 A.D. Caesar, 309-910 A.D. Filius Augustorum, 307-337 A.D. Augustus), Siscia, RIC VII 120, AE-3 Follis, S/F/HL//ΓSIS*, VIRTVS EXERCIT, Vexillum and captives, R3!!!, #1
avers:- CONST ANTINVS AVG, 1, Helmeted, cuirassed bust right.
rever:- VIRTVS EXERCIT, D2, R3, S/F over HL monogram, Vexillum reading VOT/XX; seated captive on either side.
exergo: S/F/HL//ΓSIS*, diameter: 18mm, weight: 1,97g, axis: 5h,
mint: Siscia, date: 320 A.D., ref:RIC VII 120, p-439, 3rd.-off., R3 !!!
Q-001
quadrans
Constantinus-I__AE-Follis_CONST-A-NTINVS-AVG-1,D2_VIRTVS-EXERCIT_S-F-over-HL_VOT-XX-in-Vexillum_Gamma-SIS-star_RIC-VII-120-p-439_3rd_-off_Siscia_320-AD_R3_Q-002_h_mm_ga-s.jpg
136 Constantinus I. (306-309 A.D. Caesar, 309-910 A.D. Filius Augustorum, 307-337 A.D. Augustus), Siscia, RIC VII 120, AE-3 Follis, S/F/HL//ΓSIS*, VIRTVS EXERCIT, Vexillum and captives, R3!!!, #2136 Constantinus I. (306-309 A.D. Caesar, 309-910 A.D. Filius Augustorum, 307-337 A.D. Augustus), Siscia, RIC VII 120, AE-3 Follis, S/F/HL//ΓSIS*, VIRTVS EXERCIT, Vexillum and captives, R3!!!, #2
avers:- CONST ANTINVS AVG, 1, Helmeted, cuirassed bust right.
rever:- VIRTVS EXERCIT, D2, R3, S/F over HL monogram, Vexillum reading VOT/XX; seated captive on either side.
exergo: S/F/HL//ΓSIS*, diameter: 18mm, weight: 1,97g, axis: 5h,
mint: Siscia, date: 320 A.D., ref:RIC VII 120, p-439, 3rd.-off., R3 !!!
Q-002
quadrans
aelius caes as.jpg
136-138 AD - AELIUS Caesar AE as - struck 137 ADobv: L AELIVS CAESAR (bare head right)
rev: TR POT COS II (Pannonia standing left, holding vexillum and raising skirt), S-C in field, PANNONIA in ex.
ref: RIC II 1073 (Hadrian) (S), C.33 (8fr.), RIC pass over ex., only Cohen.
9.72gms, 25mm, copper
Rare
Lucius Aurelius Cejonius Commodus Verus was prefect of Pannonia Superior. Hadrian adopted Ceionius in Summer of 136, renaming him Lucius Aelius Caesar, but he died of illness on January 1, 138 AD.
This coin was found in plough-land where spoiled a lot of artificial fertilizer.
berserker
IMG_2422.JPG
142 AeliusOrichalcum sestertius, RIC II Hadrian 1059, SRCV II 3981, BMCRE III Hadrian 1921, Cohen II 26, aF, Rome mint, weight 25.725g, maximum diameter 31.3mm, die axis 180o, 137 A.D.; obverse L AELIVS CAESAR, bare head right; reverse TR POT COS II, PANNO-NIA and S - C across fields, Pannonia standing facing, head left, holding vexillum in right hand and gathering up drapery in left; scarce; ex forvm5 commentsRandygeki(h2)
Constantinus-II__AE-3-Follis_CONSTANTINVS-IVN-NOB-C-7b_VIRTVS-EXERCIT-I1_VOT-X_S-F_Epsilon-SIS-star_RIC-118-p438_5th-off_Siscia_320_AD_R4_Q-001_axis-11h_18,5-20mm_3,02g-s.jpg
145 Constantinus II. (316-337 A.D. Caesar, 337-340 A.D. Augustus), Siscia, RIC VII 118, AE-3 Follis, S/F//ЄSIS*, VIRTVS EXERCIT, Vexillum and captives, R4! #1145 Constantinus II. (316-337 A.D. Caesar, 337-340 A.D. Augustus), Siscia, RIC VII 118, AE-3 Follis, S/F//ЄSIS*, VIRTVS EXERCIT, Vexillum and captives, R4! #1
avers: CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C (7b, I1), Laureate, draped bust left holding Victory on globe and mappa.
reverse: VIRTVS EXERCIT, S-F, Vexillum reading VOT/X; seated captive on either side.
exergue: S/F//ЄSIS*, diameter: 18,5-20,0mm, weight: 3,02g, axis: 11h,
mint: Siscia, date: 320 A.D.,
ref: RIC VII 118, p-438, R4!
Q-001
quadrans
MAurel RIC78.jpg
161-180 AD - MARCUS AURELIUS AR denarius - struck 164 ADobv: ANTONINVS AVG ARMENIACVS (laureate head right)
rev: P M TRP XVIII IMP II COS III (Armenia seated left, left hand on bow with shield and vexillum before her), ARMEN in ex.
ref: RIC III 78, Cohen 7
mint: Rome
3,41gms, 18mm,

"The most distinctive type shows a figure of Armenia seated on the ground surrounded by various weapons" RIC III pp198
berserker
1123Hadrian_RIC848.jpg
1643 Hadrian AS Roma 134-38 AD Cappadocia Reference.
RIC 848c; C. 205; BMC 1730; Strack 714; RIC 1643

Bust C2

Obv. HADRIANVS AVG COS III P P
Laureate, draped bust, viewed from side

Rev. CAPPADOCIA, S C across field
Cappadocia wearing turreted headdress and fur trimmed cloak, standing left, holding Mount Argaeus and vexillum

13.91 gr
28 mm
6h
okidoki
RI_188h_img.JPG
188 - Arcadius - RIC XI Alexandria 016AE2
Obv:– D N ARCADIVS P F AVG, Pearl diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right, spear in right hand, shield on left arm, hand of God above offering diadem
Rev:– GLORIA ROMANORVM (glory of the Romans), Emperor standing facing, head left, wearing diadem and military garb, vexillum in right hand, resting left hand on grounded shield at side, captive seated facing on left with hands bound behind his back and looking up at the Emperor
Minted in Alexandria (T|_//ALED). 19 Jan 383 - c. 386 A.D
Reference(s) – RIC XI Alexandria 16
maridvnvm
savaria_festival_2008_03.JPG
2008-Savaria - Vexillumberserker
savaria_festival_2008_10.JPG
2008-Savaria - Vexillum of Legio I AdiutrixThe vexillum was used as the typical standard for cavalry or in the infantry for detachments of varying sizes.berserker
savaria_festival_2008_11.JPG
2008-Savaria - Vexillum of Legio XVberserker
10690v.jpg
202 AD., Septimius Severus, Rome mint, Denarius, RIC 248.Septimius Severus, Rome mint, 202 AD.,
Denarius (18-19 mm / 3.56 g),
Obv.: SEVERVS - PIVS AVG , laureate head of Septimius Severus right.
Rev.: ADVENT AVGG , Septimius Severus on horseback left, raising right hand and holding spear; before him, soldier (or Virtus?) holding vexillum and leading horse.
RIC 248 ; Hill, Severus 559 ; BMC 304 ; C. 1 .

Like many emperors of the 3rd Century, Septimius Severus often travelled great distances to meet the demands of warfare. This denarius, inscribed ADVENT AVGG, celebrates the return of Severus and his family to Rome after one of his many journeys – in this case a long absence in the East.
His journey was overdue, and it had been delayed only long enough for Severus to defeat Clodius Albinus, his rival Caesar in the West. In the summer of 197 Severus and his family embarked by sea from Italy to Asia Minor and immediately waged war against the Parthians, who had invaded Roman territory while Severus had been fighting Albinus in Gaul. By January, 198 Severus had scored a resounding, vengeful victory. The Romans gathered a great amount of booty, killed all of the men who had remained in the capital Ctesiphon, and took as slaves perhaps 100,000 women and children.
The royal family remained in the East throughout 198 to 201, and on January 1, 202, Severus and Caracalla jointly assumed the consulate in Antioch. It was the first time they had shared the honour, and was also the first time in more than forty years that two emperors had been consuls.
Probably soon after this ceremony the royal family began its arduous journey back to Italy, this time proceeding by land, up through Asia Minor to Bithynia, crossing the Propontis into Thrace, then seemingly tracking the Danube until they descended upon Italy.
Severus’ return was no ordinary event: not only had the royal family been gone for five years, but the yearlong celebration of Severus’ decennalia, his tenth year of power, had begun and the royal wedding of Caracalla was planned. The imperial adventus was celebrated with games, spectacles and donatives to the people and to the praetorian guards, who Dio Cassius tells us each received ten aurei.

my ancient coin database
2 commentsArminius
coins19.JPG
202. Caracalla; AncyraThis reverse seems to be unknown for a left-facing Caracalla.

The following two might have the same reverse type (Vexillum, with eagle, between two standards with capricorns

Caracalla, facing right, SNG Aul 6162 and 6178 (n.v.)

Similar reverse:
Julia Domna, SNG France 2494, SNG Hunter 2168
ecoli
3290481.jpg
202. Septimius SeverusThe Caledonians are next mentioned in 209, when they are said to have surrendered to the emperor Septimius Severus after he personally led a military expedition north of Hadrian's Wall, in search of a glorious military victory. Herodian and Dio wrote only in passing of the campaign but describe the Caledonians ceding territory to Rome as being the result. Cassius Dio records that the Caledonians inflicted 50,000 Roman casualties due to attrition and unconventional tactics such as guerrilla warfare. Dr. Colin Martin has suggested that the Severan campaigns did not seek a battle but instead sought to destroy the fertile agricultural land of eastern Scotland and thereby bring about genocide of the Caledonians through starvation.

By 210 however, the Caledonians had re-formed their alliance with the Maeatae and joined their fresh offensive. A punitive expedition led by Severus' son, Caracalla, was sent out with the purpose of slaughtering everyone it encountered from any of the northern tribes. Severus meanwhile prepared for total conquest but was already ill; he died at Eboracum (modern day York) in Britannia in 211. Caracalla attempted to take over command but when his troops refused to recognise him as emperor, he made peace with the Caledonians and retreated south of Hadrian's Wall to press his claim for the throne. Sheppard Frere suggests that Caracalla briefly continued the campaign after his father's death rather than immediately leaving, citing an apparent delay in his arrival in Rome and indirect numismatic and epigraphic factors that suggest he may instead have fully concluded the war but that Dio's hostility towards his subject led him to record the campaign as ending in a truce. Malcolm Todd however considers there to be no evidence to support this. Nonetheless the Caledonians did retake their territory and pushed the Romans back to Hadrians Wall.

In any event, there is no further historical mention of the Caledonians for a century save for a c. AD 230 inscription from Colchester which records a dedication by a man calling himself the nephew (or grandson) of "Uepogenus, [a] Caledonian". This may be because Severus' campaigns were so successful that the Caledonians were wiped out, however this is highly unlikely. In 305, Constantius Chlorus re-invaded the northern lands of Britain although the sources are vague over their claims of penetration into the far north and a great victory over the "Caledones and others" (Panegyrici Latini Vetares, VI (VII) vii 2). The event is notable in that it includes the first recorded use of the term 'Pict' to describe the tribes of the area.

Septimius Severus. AD 193-211. Æ As (25mm, 11.07 g, 7h). “Victoria Britannica” issue. Rome mint. Struck AD 211. Laureate head right / Victory standing right, holding vexillum; seated captives flanking. RIC IV 812a. Near VF, brown surfaces with touches of green and red, porous. Rare.

From the Fairfield Collection.

ex-cng EAuction 329 481/100/60
1 commentsecoli
RIC_580_AS_Adriano.jpg
28-15 - ADRIANO (117 - 138 D.C.)AE AS 26 mm 9.3 gr.

Anv: "HADRIANVS [AVG] COS III PP" - Busto laureado viendo a derecha, vestido su hombro izquierdo.
Rev: "DACIA (En exergo) S - C" - La Dacia sentada a izquierda sobre unas rocas, vistiendo túnica y capa, porta Vexillum (Estandarte militar) sobre sus piernas cruzadas y espada curva en brazo izquierdo. Su pié derecho apoyado sobre un globo o casco?

Acuñada 134 - 138 D.C.
Ceca: Roma

Referencias: RIC Vol.II #580d Pag.447 - Sear RCTV Vol.II #3685 Pag.167 - BMCRE #1741 - Cohen Vol.II #531 var Pag.151 - Hill UCR #622 - RC #1140
mdelvalle
AS HADRIANO RIC 850c.jpg
28-15 - HADRIANO (117 - 138 D.C.)AE AS 26 mm 9.3 gr.

Anv: "HADRIANVS [AVG] COS III PP" - Busto laureado viendo a derecha, vestido su hombro izquierdo.
Rev: "DACIA (En exergo) S - C" - La Dacia sentada a izquierda sobre unas rocas, vistiendo túnica y capa, porta Vexillum (Estandarte militar) sobre sus piernas cruzadas y espada curva en brazo izquierdo. Su pié derecho apoyado sobre un globo o casco?

Acuñada 134 - 138 D.C.
Ceca: Roma

Referencias: RIC Vol.II #580d Pag.447 - Sear RCTV Vol.II #3685 Pag.167 - BMCRE #1741 - Cohen Vol.II #531 var Pag.151 - Hill UCR #622 - RC #1140
mdelvalle
664_P_Hadrian_RPC2807.jpg
2807 PISIDIA, Cremna. Hadrian Genius standingReference. Very rare
RPC 3, 2807; SNG von Aulock 5083.

Obv: ADRIANVS AVGVSTVS.
Laureate and draped bust right.

Rev: GENIO COL CRE.
Genius of the colony standing facing, head l., wearing kalathos and long chiton, holding patera in his r. hand, l. on his hIp; in r. field, vexillum.

4.92 gr
20 mm
h
okidoki
Denario_Heliogabalo_RIC_188_1.jpg
53-02 - HELIOGABALO (218 - 222 D.C.)AR Denario 17 mm 2.2 gr.

Anv: "ANTONINVS PIVS FEL AVG" - Busto laureado, con coraza y Paludamentum (capote militar) sobre ella, viendo a derecha.
Rev: "FELICTAS" – Galera navegando a toda vela sobre las olas de izquierda a derecha con 7 remeros, en popa Acrostilium (Adorno/decoración de las antiguas galeras romanas), piloto y estandarte militar (Vexillum), a proa un mástil. “TEMP” en el exergo.

Este reverso conmemora el triunfal regreso a Roma de Heliogábalo desde Nicomedia, donde había asumido como Cónsul ya derrotado Macrinus

Acuñada 218 - 219 D.C.
Ceca: Antioquia
Rareza: S

Referencias: RIC Vol.IV Parte II #188 Pag.42 - Sear RCTV Vol.II #7510 Pag.603 – BMCRE Vol.5 #277 - Cohen Vol.IV #27 Pag.326 - RSC Vol. III #27a Pag.111 - DVM #26 Pag.207 - Thirion LME #348
1 commentsmdelvalle
RIC_72_Antoniniano_Heliogabalo.jpg
53-04 - HELIOGABALO (218 - 222 D.C.)AR Antoniniano 22 mm 5.00 gr.

Anv: "IMP ANTONINVS AVG" - Busto radiado, vistiendo coraza y paludamentum (capote militar) sobre ella, viendo a der.
Rev: "FIDES MILITVM" - Fides (La Fidelidad) estante a izq., viendo a der., portando Estandarte militar (Signum) en mano der. e Insignia (Vexillum) en izquierda.

Acuñada 219 D.C.
Ceca: Roma

Referencias: RIC Vol.IV Parte II #72 Pag.33 - Sear RCTV Vol.II #7488 Pag.600 - BMCRE V #128/30 - Cohen Vol.IV #39 Pag.327 - RSC Vol. III #39 Pag.111 - DVM #3 Pag.206 - Thirion LME#101
mdelvalle
RIC_188_Denario_Heliogabalo.jpg
53-10 - HELIOGABALO (218 - 222 D.C.)AR Denario 17 mm 2.2 gr.

Anv: "ANTONINVS PIVS FEL AVG" - Busto laureado, con coraza y Paludamentum (capote militar) sobre ella, viendo a derecha.
Rev: "FELICTAS" – Galera navegando a toda vela sobre las olas de izquierda a derecha con 7 remeros, en popa Acrostilium (Adorno/decoración de las antiguas galeras romanas), piloto y estandarte militar (Vexillum), a proa un mástil. “TEMP” en el exergo.

Este reverso conmemora el triunfal regreso a Roma de Heliogábalo desde Nicomedia, donde había asumido como Cónsul ya derrotado Macrinus

Acuñada 218 - 219 D.C.
Ceca: Antioquia
Rareza: S

Referencias: RIC Vol.IV Parte II #188 Pag.42 - Sear RCTV Vol.II #7510 Pag.603 – BMCRE Vol.5 #277 - Cohen Vol.IV #27 Pag.326 - RSC Vol. III #27a Pag.111 - DVM #26 Pag.207 - Thirion LME #348
mdelvalle
Antoniniano_HELIOGABALO_FIDES_MILITVM.jpg
53-22 - HELIOGABALO (218 - 222 D.C.)AR Antoniniano 22 mm 5.00 gr.

Anv: "IMP ANTONINVS AVG" - Busto radiado, vistiendo coraza y paludamentum (capote militar) sobre ella, viendo a der.
Rev: "FIDES MILITVM" - Fides (La Fidelidad) estante a izq., viendo a der., portando Estandarte militar (Signum) en mano der. e Insignia (Vexillum) en izquierda.

Acuñada 219 D.C.
Ceca: Roma

Referencias: RIC Vol.IV Parte II #72 Pag.33 - Sear RCTV Vol.II #7488 Pag.600 - BMCRE V #128/30 - Cohen Vol.IV #39 Pag.327 - RSC Vol. III #39 Pag.111 - DVM #3 Pag.206 - Thirion LME#101
1 commentsmdelvalle
2263c.jpg
alex0001aPseudo-autonomous, 3rd Century, Time of Elagabalus
Alexandria, Troas

Obv: CO-L TROA, draped bust of Tyche right, wearing mural crown; behind, vexillum.
Rev: COL AVG → TRO, horse grazing right.
18 mm, 5.02 gms

SNG von Aulock 7552; SNG Lewis 1322; SNG Stockholm 2163.
Charles M
2426__Ares_Numismatics,_Web_Auction_9,_lot_319.jpg
alex0002aPseudo-autonomous, 3rd Century, Time of Elagabalus
Alexandria, Troas

Obv: CO-L TROA, draped bust of Tyche right, wearing mural crown; behind, vexillum.
Rev: COL AVG → TRO, She-wolf standing right, suckling the twins Remus and Romulus.
20 mm, 6.01 gms

Bellinger A495; SNG Copenhagen 104-7.
Charles M
Alexander_Troas_opt.jpg
ALEXANDER TROAS CIVIC ISSUE, AE25, BMC 52, HorseOBV: COL ALEX TRO, Turreted & draped bust of city goddess or Tyche right; vexillum behind
REV: COL AL [EX TRO], Horse feeding right, tree behind; beside the horse, a herdsman wearing chlamys, holding pedum in right hand, standing right
24.9mm, 5.6g
Minted at Alexander Troas, 250-270 AD
Legatus
Alexandreia_Troas.jpg
Alexandreia Troas. semi-autonomous issues. AD 138-268. ALEX TRO, Turreted and draped bust of Tyche right, CO AV on vexillum behind. COL AVG TRO, eagle standing right, wings spread, on forepart of [bull] right. Sam
037.JPG
Alexandria Troaslate 2nd - early 3rd century A.D.
AE 21, 4.90 g, 21 mm
Draped bust of city goddess right, wearing mural crown; behind, vexillum inscribed COL;
AV-G TRO
COL AVG
She-wolf right, suckling twins
TRO in exe.
Sear 4919 var; BMC Troas p.16, 59 var;
SNG Cop 104 var
Jaimelai
ALEXANDRIA_TROAS_2.jpg
ALEXANDRIA TROAS CIVIC ISSUE AE 19, SNG Cop 117, EagleOBV: CO-L TRO, draped and turreted bust of Tyche right; vexillum behind
REV: CO-L AVG, TRO in exergue, eagle standing right on the forepart of a bull
5.06g, 19mm

Minted at Alexandria Troas, Third Century AD
Legatus
IMG_1888_done.jpg
Alexandria, Troas.Alexandria, Troas. AE21, semi-autonomous

Obverse - AV CO TRO, Turreted and draped bust of Tyche right; CO AV on
vexillum to left.

Reverse - COL AVG TRO, horse grazing right.

Bellinger A486; SNG von Aulock 1466; BMC 45-50; SNG Munich
54-58; SNG Cop 108-113; Hunter 9-13; McClean 7763-7765; SNG
Tuebingen 2532 . 21mm, 5,3 g.
Flamur H
Alexandria_Troas,_Tyche___grazing_horse.JPG
Alexandria, Tyche/ Horse grazing right, AE 21Troas, Alexandria, 3rd century AD. 21mm, 5.65g. Obverse: turreted bust of Tyche right, behind vexillum. Reverse: horse grazing right. Attribution: Sear GICV 4917. ex areich, photo credit areich1 commentsPodiceps
troas.jpg
Alexandria; Tyche/ eagle, Æ 20Troas Alexandria Troas. 2nd-3rd Century AD. Æ 20mm. 4.9g. Obv: COL TRO, Turreted and draped bust of Tyche right; vexillum behind / Rev: COL AVG TRO, Eagle flying right, with bull's head in talons. SNG Copenhagen 114. Sear GIC: 4918.
Podiceps
Anon1_opt.jpg
Anonymous Commemorative AE4, Centenionalis or Nummus, RIC 156, OBV: VRBS - ROMA - Roma helmeted, draped and cuirassed bust left
REV: GLOR-IA-EXERCISES ITVS Exe: SMH - Two soldiers standing, helmeted, each holding a spear and leaning on a shield between them, a sign topped by a military vexillum on which is a crown. R1
1.5g, 15mm
Minted at Heraclea, 336-7 AD
This is not a hybrid, but seems to have been the normal type for the last issue to hit Heraclea before the disappearance of Constantine
Legatus
Antioche Pisidie.jpg
Antioch in Pisidia - Gallienus (?) small bronzeIMP. CAE. P. Λ. GLLI[enus...] , radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
ANTIO / CHOCL (sic) , legionary eagle on vexillum between 2 standards.
Maybe there is S R on the vexillum.
Ginolerhino
antoninus_pius.png
Antoninus Pius Britannia AsANTONINUS PIUS As.
Struck possibly at Rome, or more probably at a mobile mint in Britannia, 154-155 AD.
Obv - ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P XVIII, laureate draped bust right.
Reverse - BRITANNIA COS IIII, Britannia seated left on rock, shield & vexillum in background, S C in exergue. RIC III 934, RCV 4296.
12.2g (struck on a heavy, lozenge shaped flan).
(Ex George Clegg).
Noviomagus
Antoninus Pius  138-161 A.D. RSC491 RIC55 minted 139-161~0.JPG
Antoninus Pius DenariusOBV; ANTONINIVS AVG.PIVS P.P
REV; TR.POT.COS.IIII. across field, LIB.IIII
Liberalitas standing left holding vexillum and cornucopiae.

Antoninus_Pius_RIC_III_934.jpg
Antoninus Pius, AE As, Britannia, RIC III 934, ScarceAntoninus Pius
Augustus, 138 – 161 A.D.

Coin: AE As

Obverse: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P XVIII, laureate bust facing right.
Reverse: BRITANNIA COS IIII, Britannia, seated to the left, upon a rock, a Shield and Vexillum in the beackround. S C in exergue.

Weight: 5.17 g, Diameter: 22 x 24 x 2.5 mm, Die axis: 320°, Mint: Die made in Rome, struck in Britain between 154 - 155 A.D. Reference: RIC III 934, Cohen 117, Note: A metal detecting find from the County of Oxfordshire.

Rated Scarce
Constantine IV
Antoninus_Pius_RIC_III_934_Second_example.jpg
Antoninus Pius, AE As, Britannia, RIC III 934, ScarceAntoninus Pius
Augustus, 138 – 161 A.D.

Coin: AE As

Obverse: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P XVIII, laureate bust facing right.
Reverse: BRITANNIA COS IIII, Britannia, seated to the left, upon a rock, a Shield and Vexillum in the beackround. S C in exergue.

Weight: 7.40 g, Diameter: 24 x 22.5 x 1.5 mm, Die axis: 320°, Mint: Die made in Rome, struck in Britain between 154 - 155 A.D. Reference: RIC III 934, Cohen 117, Note: A metal detecting find from the County of Suffolk

Rated Scarce
Constantine IV
Antonino_Pio_BRIT_COS_Paolo.jpg
Antoninus Pius, As, R/ BRITANNIA COS IIII SCAntoninus Pius. 138-161 AD. As. Struck 154/5 AD
AE, 10,13 gr., 23 mm, MB
D/ ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P XVIII, laureate and draped bust right
R/ BRITANNIA COS IIII, Britannia seated left on rock, resting head upon hand; shield and vexillum(?) in background before her. SC in exergue.
RIC III 934; BMCRE 1971.
Note: "Probably struck in Britain from dies made in Rome" (Seaby's and to a 1966 article in the Numismatic Chronicle)
Provenance: ex Bart Lewis collection (La Vegas, NV,Usa). Purchased in August 2012
paolo
Antose80-1.jpg
Antoninus Pius, RIC 580, Sestertius of AD 139 (Aurum Coronarium: Cappadocia)Æ Sestertius (29.1g, Ø33mm, 5h). Rome mint. Struck AD 139.
Obv.: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P, laureate head of Antoninus Pius facing right.
Rev.: CAPPADOCIA (around) S C (field), Cappadocia, towered headdress, standing left, holding crown and vexillum, Mons Argaeus at feet.
RIC 580 (R); BMC 1185; Cohen 120 (fr.25); Strack 783; Banti 51 (3 spec.)
ex s*p*q*r (via eBay, 2008)

Part of a series celebrating Antoninus' remission of half of the special tax (aurum coronarium) normally levied on the provinces at the time of the accession of an emperor.
Charles S
Antose80-3.jpg
Antoninus Pius, RIC 580, Sestertius of AD 139 (Aurum Coronarium: Cappadocia)Æ Sestertius (29.1g, Ø33mm, 5h). Rome mint. Struck AD 139.
Obv.: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P, laureate head of Antoninus Pius facing right.
Rev.: CAPPADOCIA (around) COS II (ex.) S C (field), Cappadocia, wearing towered headdress, short tunic and short cloak, standing left, holding crown and vexillum, Mons Argaeus at left of her feet.
RIC 580 (R); BMCRE IV 1185; Cohen 120 (fr.25); Strack 783 (lists 5 collections); Banti (I Grandi Bronzi Imperiali II-3) 51 (3 spec.); Sear (Roman Coins and their Values II) 4155
ex GAA Inc. ("s*p*q*r", eBay, 2008)

Part of a series celebrating Antoninus' remission of half of the special tax (aurum coronarium) normally levied on the provinces at the time of the accession of an emperor.
Charles S
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