| Image search results - "VOT" |
JULIAN II - AR Siliqua - 361-363 AD - Mint of Lugdvnvm
Obv.: FL CL IVLIANVS P P AVG
Pearl diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev.: VOTIS V MVLTIS X. In ex. PLVG
Legend in three lines within wreath
g. 1,9 mm. 17
Cohen 163, RIC 227 Maxentius
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Constantinus II - AE3 - Mint of Siscia - 330/337 A.D.
Ob.: CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB CAES; laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev.: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP VOT P R; two Victories place over a column a shield inscribed VOT P R
gs. 2,3 mm. 20,7
Cohen 222Maxentius
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DECENTIVS - AE Centenionalis - Lugdunum mint - 351/353
Obv.:DN DECENTIVS NOB CAES, cuirassed bust right
Rev.: VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAE, two Victories standing facing holding shield inscribed VOT V MVLT X, *SV in central field. SRLG in ex.
Gs. 4,7 mm. 21,2
Cohen 43Maxentius
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JVLIAN II - AE3 - 361-363 AD. Constantinople mint
Obv.: DN FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG, diademed, helmeted, cuirassed bust left with sheild and spear
Rev.: VOT X MVLT XX, four lines in laurel wreath, (dot) CONSPB (branch) in ex.
Gs.: 3,3 mm. 20,6
RIC 167Maxentius
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JVLIAN II AE3 - 361-363 AD. - Rome mint
Obv.: DN FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG, diademed, helmeted, cuirassed bust left with sheild and spear
Rev.: VOT X MVLT XX, four lines in laurel wreath, VRB ROMP in ex.
Gs. 2,9 mm. 22,5
RIC 329Maxentius
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Bronze AE 4, RIC 116, VF, 1.478g, 15.1mm, 0°, Antioch mint, 347 - 348 A.D.
Obv.: D N CONSTA-NS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev.: VOT XV MVLT XX in wreath, SMANQ in exareich
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Unattributed Roman Vota...Possibly ConstansDumanyu2
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Obv- CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C laureate draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev- DOMINOR dot NOSTROR dot CAES in wreath VOT X crescent
Exe- PT Ticinum mint
Ref- RIC VII 172Matthew Raica
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Siscia RIC 424 Jovian AE3. DN IOVIAN-VS PF AVG,
pearl diademed, draped, & cuirassed bust right / VOT V
in wreath, BSISC in ex. Coin #164
cars100
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CONSTANTINE II, as Caesar. 317-337 AD. Æ Follis (22mm - 3.19 g). Trier mint. Struck 321 AD.
obv: CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C, laureate and cuirassed bust left, holding Victory on a globe in right hand, mappa in left
rev: BEATA TRAN-QVILLITAS, globe set on altar inscribed VOT/IS/XX in three lines; PTR. RIC VII 312. EF, attractive brown patina.
ex VAuctions Sale : 213 Lot: 101, seller's pictureareich
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Theodosius I. AE4. Antioch. DN THEODO-SIVS PF AVG, pearl diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right / VOT X MV dot LT XX in four lines within wreath. Mintmark AN gamma. RIC IX Antioch 65b var (MV dot LT).
RIC 65b
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Crispus AE3. CRISPVS-NOB CAES, laureate head right
CAESARVM NOSTRORVM around VOT X within wreath. branchleft left and branchright right in wreath.
Mintmark: RS. Mint of Rome (2nd officina), 322 AD. RIC VII Rome 246 Rare (R2)James b4
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Close up of mintmark from different angles/lighting for coin suspected to be from NicomediaMatthew W2
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Constantine II CONSTANTI-NVS IVN NC RDC left BEATA TRA-NQLITAS VOT - IS - XX
London RIC VII London 286 c3 323-324
James b4
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Obv.IMP CAESAR TRAJAN HADRIANVS AVG Laur bust of hadrian.r, with light drapery on far shoulder. Rev VOT PUB(in field) PM T RP COS III. Pietas,stg,r,both hands raised.RIC 141 (rome ad 119) weight 3,25grspikbjorn
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OBVERSE - IMP CONSTANTINVS AVG
high-crested helmet, cuirassed, spear across right shoulder
REVERSE - VICTORIAE LAETE PRINC PERP
TWO VICTORIES RESTING SHIELD, INSCRIBED VOT P R ON ALTAR - CONCAVE ROUND TOP ALTAR, WITH GARLAND AND TOP DOT OF GARLAND JUST UNDER ROUND TOP.
UNKNOWN IN EX. ?? UNKNOWN MINT ??
DIMENSION = 19mm
WEIGHT = 3 grams
MATERIAL = BRONZE ?
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AE 3; 20mm, struck c. 319 AD
Con/ VF; brown patina.
Obv/ LICINIVS IVN NOB CAES; laur., dr. and cuir. bust r.
Rev/ VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP; two Victories stg. facing each other, together holding a shield inscribed VOT PR on an altar inscribed with the letter S. Gamma SIS pellet in exergue.
Ref/ RIC VII 70 = Rare 3Mayadigger
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RIC VII 167 Constantine I AE follis Follis. 322-325 AD. CONSTANTINVS AVG, laureate head right / D N CONSTANTINI MAX AVG, laurel wreath enclosing VOT XX and crescent below. Mintmark TT. Quant.Geek
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Roman Republic: L. Cassius Longinus; 3.86g. Veiled vesta bust left, in front L, behind it stands Kylix//Togatus left. and throws the voting stone with V into the urn.
Bab. 10; BMC 3931; Crawf. 413/1; Syd. 935
Ex: Auktion Áureo & Calicó 314, Barcelona 2018, Nr. 2034paul1888
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JUSTINIAN I, AR Siliqua or Half-Siliqua, struck 534 - 565 at CarthageObverse: D N IVSTINIANVS P P AG. Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust of Justinian I facing right.
Reverse: VOT / MVLT / HTI in three lines within wreath; below, CONOS.
Diameter: 16mm | Weight: 0.7gms | Die Axis: 6
SBCV: 253 (Siliqua) | DOC: 280
On September the 15th 533 Justinian's army, led by Belisarius, entered the city of Carthage and brought it back into the Roman Empire after 98 years of Vandal rule.
*Alex
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Constantine I, RIC VII 213, 319 CE Trier. Obverse:IMP CONSTAN-TINVS MAX AVG, laureate, helmeted and cuirassed bust right
Reverse: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP, two Victories holding shield inscribed VOT PR over altar. Altar type Helv. 5a2 (a star).
Mintmark dot-STR. 3.6 g, 17.7 mm
RIC VII Trier 213 NORMAN K
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2nd - 1st Century BC, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Cantii, AE Potin, Minted between 100 and 30 BCObverse: No legend. Crude outline of head facing right; pellet within circle in centre.
Reverse: No legend. Crude lines representing a bull facing left, crescents above.
Flat Linear type, Class 1
Found, Thames Valley region, England
Diameter: 17mm | Weight: 1.9gms | Axis: 3h
BMC: 667-714 | SPINK: 63
The Cantii produced the first coins to be actually made in Britain.
These coins were cast in strips which were then cut into separate coins and as a result often retain characteristic cut edges from the runlets which joined them together.
THE CANTII (or Cantiaci)
The Cantii (after whom Kent and Canterbury are named) were the major tribal group in the South East region of England, bordered by the Atrebates, Regni and Catuvellauni.
This region was heavily influenced by continental cultures on the periphery of the early Roman world and this resulted in the Cantii producing the first coins actually made in Britain. These are known as “potins” and they were produced between the mid 2nd to the mid 1st century BC. The earliest versions are known as Kentish Primary, or Thurrock, types. Comparatively the later types, like those from the recently discovered Hillingdon Hoard, are of the “flat linear” type, which uses simplified and abstracted images. Similar coins from the late Iron Age have been found, but in much smaller quantities.
The word “potin” is of French origin and is used to describe these early coins which were cast in clay moulds from a copper alloy with a high tin content. They would have been shiny and silver-coloured when new, and though occasionally examples have turned up which retain this colouration, most coins by the time they get dug up have a characteristic black patina from tin oxidation. These were cast in strips which were then cut into separate coins and as a result often retain characteristic cut edges from the runlets which joined them together. The moulds themselves were made using “master” matrices of copper alloy which were cast with the design for one side of a coin in high relief and pressed into the clay. A rare example of a mould of this type was found a few miles west of the Surrey border in Hampshire.
The designs of the majority of potins found in England derive ultimately from coins produced in the Greek colonial Mediterranean city of Massalia (modern Marseilles) in southern Gaul in the late 4th century BC. These coins featured a head of Apollo on the obverse and a charging bull on the reverse. They were originally imported from the continent and later locally copied in the mid 2nd century BC, in the form of what are known as “Thurrock” types, which adhere closely to the original design. Later forms, known as “flat linear” types, greatly simplified this design into deep abstraction, ultimately reducing the head of Apollo to an outline and the bull to a trapezoidal arrangement of lines
We don’t know what these coins were called by the people who made them, or what they were worth in fiscal terms, but they are generally only found in south east England, which probably reflects the limits of the political and economic influence of the Cantii themselves. It isn't even clear what the role of these Iron Age coins actually was, though it is likely that they assisted in the maintenance of some kind of social power structure. Coins were not generally used as day to day currency by the people of Britain in the 1st and 2nd centuries BC, so apart from any monetary transactions, their range of uses probably included the storage of wealth, use as political tribute, and / or votive objects used as offerings to the gods.
CLICK ON MAP BELOW TO ENLARGE IT
 *Alex
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Constantine the Great, RIC VII 73 Siscia, 319 CEObverse: IMP CONSTANTINVS PF AVG, laureate helmet & cuirassed.
Reverse:VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP [ Joyous victory to the eternal
Prince] two Victories standing, facing one another, together holding shield
inscribed VOT PR [VOTA POPULI ROMANI (vows of the Roman people)]on altar.
gamma SIS dot in ex. RIC VII Siscia 73, 18.9 mm 2.6 g. rare
NORMAN K
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Crispus, Siscia RIC 175AE 3 / 4 Crispus Votive
Obverse: IVL CRIS PVS NOBC, laureate head right.
Reverse: CAESARVMNOSTRORVM around VOT X ( I pledge 10 years)
TSIS in ex. Siscia mint, 16.5 mm,. 2.4 g.NORMAN K
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CONSTANTINE I, RIC VII 79 Lugdunum mint.Struck 320 AD.
Obverse: CONS-TANTINVS AVG, cuirassed bust right, wearing high crested helmet
Reverse: VICTORIAE LAET PRINC PERP, two Victories holding shield inscribed VOT/PR in two lines over altar; P(two captives seated back to back)L.
RIC VII 79; Bastien 19. VF, well centered, Green patina.
Æ Follis (18mm – 3.1 g). NORMAN K
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Julian II, AE3 Constantinople RIC 167, 361-363 CE Obverse: DN FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG, helmeted and cuirassed bust right, holding spear forward and shield.
Reverse: VOT X MVLT XX in four lines across field within wreath.
Dot CONSPB (palm) in ex. RIC VIII 167. 18.5 mm, 3.4 g.NORMAN K
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064 - Septimius Severus denarius - RIC 096a Obv:- L SEPT SEV PERT AVG IMP VIII, Laureate head right
Rev:- VOTA PVBLICA, Severus standing left, holding patera over altar sacrificing
Minted in Rome. A.D. ???
Ref:- RIC 96a. RSC 777. BMCRE W178maridvnvm
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138 - 161, ANTONINUS PIUS, AE As, Struck 154 - 155Obverse: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P XVIII, laureate and draped bust of Antoninus Pius facing right.
Reverse: BRITANNIA COS IIII, Britannia seated facing left on rock, shield and vexillum in background; S C in exergue.
Diameter: 26mm | Weight: 9.4gms | Die Axis: 7h
RIC III: 934 | SRCV: 4296 | Cohen: 117
SCARCE
The bronze coins of Antoninus Pius bearing the "Britannia" reverse type have been found in considerable quantities in Britain, but are not generally recorded from Roman sites in France and Germany. The many "Britannia" issues of Antoninus Pius found in Coventina's Well, Carrawburgh, seem to have come from only a few dies, suggesting that the place of mintage for them was not far distant, though it is possible that the issue was both issued at Rome and produced locally in Britannia.
The reverse type of Britannia seated on a rock, eventually adorned Great Britain's coinage many centuries later when the design was reintroduced by Charles II in 1672.
COVENTINA'S WELL
Dedications to Coventina and votive deposits were found in a walled area, now called "Coventina's Well", which had been built to contain the outflow from a spring near the site of a Roman fort and settlement, on Hadrian's Wall. Now called Carrawburgh, the site is named as Procolita in the 5th century "Notitia Dignitatum". The remains of a Roman Mithraeum and Nymphaeum were also found near the site.
*Alex
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138 - 161, ANTONINUS PIUS, AE As, Struck 154 - 155 alluding to BritanniaObverse: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P XVIII. Laureate and draped bust of Antoninus Pius facing right.
Reverse: BRITANNIA COS IIII. Britannia seated facing left on rock, shield and vexillum in background; S C in exergue.
Diameter: 26mm | Weight: 12.7gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC III: 934 | SRCV: 4296 | Cohen: 117 | BMC: 1971 | SPINK: 666
SCARCE
The bronze coins of Antoninus Pius bearing the "Britannia" reverse type have been found in considerable quantities in Britain, but are not generally recorded from Roman sites in France and Germany. The many "Britannia" issues of Antoninus Pius found in Coventina's Well, Carrawburgh, seem to have come from only a few dies, suggesting that the place of mintage for them was not far distant, though it is possible that the issue was both issued at Rome and produced locally in Britannia.
The reverse type of Britannia seated on a rock, eventually adorned Great Britain's coinage many centuries later when the design was reintroduced by Charles II in 1672.
COVENTINA'S WELL
Dedications to Coventina and votive deposits were found in a walled area, now called "Coventina's Well", which had been built to contain the outflow from a spring near the site of a Roman fort and settlement, on Hadrian's Wall. Now called Carrawburgh, the site is named as Procolita in the 5th century "Notitia Dignitatum". The remains of a Roman Mithraeum and Nymphaeum were also found near the site.
CLICK ON ENGRAVING OF COVANTINA'S WELL BELOW TO ENLARGE IT
*Alex
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171 - Magnentius - AE Centenionalis - RIC Amiens 005 Centenionalis
Obv:– D N MAGNEN-TIVS P F AVG, Bare-headed, draped & cuirassed bust right; A behind head
Rev:– VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAE, two Victories standing facing each other, holding wreath inscribed VOT-V-MVLT-X
Mint – Amiens (//AMB).
Reference(s) – Cohen 70. Bastien 105 (3). RIC VIII Amiens 5 (S)
x.x gms, x.x mm. x degrees maridvnvm
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317 - 326, CRISPUS as Caesar, AE3 struck 323 - 324 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: CRISPVS NOBIL C. Helmeted and cuirassed bust of Crispus facing left.
Reverse: BEAT TRANQLITAS (sic). Altar, inscribed VOT IS XX in three lines, surmounted by cosmic globe with three stars above; in exergue, PLON.
Diameter: 20mm | Weight: 2.8gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC VII : 275.
Flavius Julius Crispus was the eldest son of Constantine the Great, he was given the rank of Caesar in A.D.316, at the same time as Flavius Claudius Constantinus (Constantine II), Constantine's eldest son with Fausta, and Valerius Licinianus Licinius (Licinius II), the son of Licinius I.
This coin was struck in connection with the fifteenth anniversary of Constantine the Great.*Alex
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317 - 337, CONSTANTINE II as Caesar, AE3 struck 321 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: CONSTANTINVS IVN N C. Radiate and cuirassed bust of Constantine II facing left.
Reverse: BEATA TRANQVILLITAS. Altar, inscribed VOT IS XX in three lines, surmounted by cosmic globe with three stars above; across field, P - A; in exergue, PLON.
Diameter: 20mm | Weight: 2.9gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC VII : 219
Rare
Ex Killingholme Hoard (1993)
Claudius Constantinus was the eldest son of Constantine and Fausta, he was given the rank of Caesar in A.D.316, at the same time as Crispus and Licinius II.
This coin was struck in connection with the fifteenth anniversary of Constantine II's father, Constantine the great.
THE KILLINGHOLME HOARD
The Killingholme Hoard was discovered in a field between Killingholme and Habrough on the south bank of the Humber Estuary by a pair of metal detectorists in the Autumn of 1993.
The initial coins of the hoard were surface finds, many of which were found before the hoard itself was discovered. In total, there were 1504 coins found in the topsoil, and another 2753 found buried in a single clay pot.
The top of the pot had been cut off by ploughing, which had caused a large number of coins to be scattered around the field. Nevertheless, the remains of the pot were found when the coins packed in it were detected. The pot had a diameter of about 20cm and within it were thousands of coins.
One of the finders reported that the coins appeared to have been carefully arranged inside the pot, and seemed to produce a spiralling pattern. Unfortunately, the coins were emptied into a bath for cleaning so any chance of researching this arrangement was lost forever.
The coins that constituted the hoard were bronze reduced folles, most of which were struck between the 320s and the early 330s, during the time of the emperor Constantine. Though the coins came from several mints in the Western part of the Roman Empire, most of them were from the London mint. It is thought that the hoard was probably deposited around 333/334 AD.
Because, in 1993, base metal coins were not counted as treasure, the coins were returned to the finders who sent the bulk of the coins to be auctioned off by Spink of London. Fortunately, prior to being sold, the coins were recorded by the British Museum which acquired for itself 86 coins from the hoard.
After the recordings were completed, though the finders kept a few coins for themselves, the remainder of the coins were sold off in batches. It has been rumoured that many of these coins went to the Italian luxury goods producer Bulgari, who used them to make jewellery.
Such a process would not be permitted in England today as, following the enactment of the Treasure Act in 1996, the Killingholme Hoard would now fulfil the criteria for "treasure" as outlined by the Act.
CONTEMPORARY PHOTO OF THE KILLINGHOLM HOARD, CLICK ON THUMBNAIL TO ENLARGE IT
 *Alex
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317 - 337, CONSTANTINE II as Caesar, AE3 struck 322 - 323 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: CONSTANTINVS IVN N C. Radiate and cuirassed bust of Constantine II facing left.
Reverse: BEAT TRANQLITAS (sic). Altar, inscribed VOT IS XX in three lines, surmounted by cosmic globe with three stars above; across field, F – B; in exergue, PLON.
Diameter: 19mm | Weight: 2.05gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC VII : 257.
Flavius Claudius Constantinus was the eldest son of Constantine and Fausta, he was given the rank of Caesar in A.D.316, at the same time as Crispus and Licinius II.
This coin was struck in connection with the fifteenth anniversary of his father, Constantine the great.
*Alex
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317 - 337, CONSTANTINE II as Caesar, AE3 struck 323 - 324 at Londinium (London), EnglandObverse: CONSTANTINVS IVN N C. Helmeted and cuirassed bust of Constantine II facing left.
Reverse: BEAT TRANQLITAS (sic). Altar, inscribed VOT IS XX in three lines, surmounted by cosmic globe with three stars above; in exergue, PLON.
Diameter: 21mm | Weight: 2.9gms | Die Axis: 6h
RIC VII : 287.
Flavius Claudius Constantinus was the eldest son of Constantine and Fausta, he was given the rank of Caesar in A.D.316, at the same time as Crispus and Licinius II.
This coin was struck in connection with the fifteenth anniversary of his father, Constantine the great.
*Alex
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466 TicinumConstantine I
LRBC I 466
RIC VII 140mauseus
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482 TicinumCrispus
LRBC I 482
RIC VII 170mauseus
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514Antoninianus
Rome
Issue 7
VOTIS X
G 514mauseus
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620cfCarausius 287-93AD
AE Antoninianus
Obv: "IMP CARAVSIVS......."
Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev: "VOTO PVBLICO MVLTIS XX IMP"
Flaming altar
London mint (?)
-/-//RSR
RIC - (cf620)
mauseus
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65 Constantine ICONSTANTINE I
AE Follis, Siscia Mint
Struck 320 AD
O: CONST-ANTINVS AVG, Helmeted cuirassed bust r.
R: VIRTVS-EXERCIT, Standard inscribed VOT/XX, captives seated to r. and l. below, S in l. field, F/HL in r. field, BSIS* in ex.
RIC VII Siscia 120 (R3), VF, earthen highlights
Sosius
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76 Julian IIROMAN IMPERIAL
Julian II
AD 360-363. AR Siliqua (18mm, 1.87 g, 12h). Lugdunum (Lyon) mint. Struck AD 361.
O: Pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right R: Pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right / VOTIS/ V/ MVLTIS/ X in four lines within wreath; LVG.
RIC VIII 218; RSC 163a. Sear (2014) 19130. VF, toned, flan crack, graffiti on reverse.
Ex CNGSosius
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8 LiciniusLICINIUS I
Silvered Follis, Thessalonica mint, 318-319 AD
O: LICI-NIVS AVG, Laureate, cuirassed bust r.
R: VOT XX / MVLT / dot XXX dot / TS dot A dot in four lines within wreath.
RIC VII Thessalonica 33, VF, silvered, scarce.Sosius
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81 Valentinian IIVALENTINIAN II
AE4, Cyzicus Mint
O: DN VALENTINIANVS PF AVG, bust r.
R: VOT / X / MVLT / XX, SMKBin ex.
RIC IX Cyzicus 21b. Sear (2014) 20376. VF+, earthen highlights
Sosius
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Constans, RIC VIII 51, Cyzicus
Constans, AE 4, 347-348 CE.
Obverse: DN CONSTANS PF AVG, diademed bust right.
Reverse: VOT XX MVLT XXX WITHIN WREATH.
Mintmark SMK, Cyzicus 14.2mm, 1.5 g.
NORMAN K
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Constantine Crescent Vot XXX H TicinumConstantine I CONSTAN-TINVS AVG L
DN CONSTANTINI MAX AVG Crescent VOT XXX H
ST Ticinum RIC VII Ticinum 186 r4James b4
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Constantine I VIRTVS EXERCIT from LondonConstantine I
A.D. 320
19mm 3.3g
CONSTANTINVS AG; Helmeted and cuirassed bust right.
VIRTVS EXERCIT; Standard inscribed VOT/XX with captive seated on ground on either side.
in ex. PLN
RIC VII London 193; LMCC 9.02.003
Victor C
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Constantine I, RIC 180b Siscia, 307-337 CE Obverse: CONSTANTINVS AVG, Laureate head right.
Reverse: DN CONSTANTINI MAX, wreath with VOT / . / XX
BSIS sunburst in ex., 18.2 mm., 3.8 g.NORMAN K
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Constantine I, RIC VII 194 ArlesObverse: IMP CONSTAN-TINVS MAX AVG - Helmeted laureate bust right, cuirassed
Reverse: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP - Two Victories facing and inscribing VOT PR on shield placed on altar type Helvetica 2d (diamond with dot in centre, in a rectangle with a dot in each corner. )
Exe: PARL Arles mint AD 318-319 = RIC VII, 194 , 19.15 mm, 2.6 g.NORMAN K
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Constantine I, RIC VII 90 HeracleaRIC VII 90 Constantine I AE3. 326-327 C.E.
Obverse - CONSTANTINVS AVG. diademed head right, ladder shaped diadem with two dots between segments.
Reverse - DN CONSTANTINI MAX AVG around VOT dot XXX in wreath, dot SMHA in ex. Heraclea mint
17 mm diam., 3.6 g.NORMAN K
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Constantine II, RIC VII, 128 Thessalonica
Constantine II, AE3, 324, Thessalonica, Officina 2
Obverse: CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C, Laureate, draped, cuirassed bust left
Reverse: CAESARVM NOSTRORVM , Legend surrounding laurel wreath terminating in large jewel enclosing VOT / . / X
TSBVI in exergue ThessalonicaNORMAN K
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Constantius II Æ4Antioch RIC VIII 113 Constantius II Æ4. D N CONS
TANTIVS P F AVG, diademed head right / VOT XX
MVLT XXX in wreath, SMANT in ex. Coin #141
cars100
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Constantius II, Antioch RIC VIII 113
Constantius II, AE 4. 347-348 CE.
Obverse: DN CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG, pearl diademed bust right.
Reverse: VOT XX MVLT XXX within wreath.
Mintmark SMANA, Antioch 14.6 mm, 1.2 g.NORMAN K
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Constantius II, Nicomedia RIC VIII 49Constantius II, AE 4. 347-348 CE.
Obverse: DN CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG, pearl diademed bust right.
Reverse: VOT XX MVLT XXX within wreath.
Mintmark SMND, Nicomedia13.2 mm, 1.4 g.
NORMAN K
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Constantius II, RIC VIII 69 Constantinople, 347-348 CE.Obverse: DN CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG, rosette-diademed head, right.
Reverse: VOT XX MVLT XXX in four lines within wreath.
Mintmark: CONS Constantinople, 14 mm., 1.1 g.NORMAN K
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Crispus, son of Constantine, Caesar 317-326 AD. Trier
Crispus AE3. 317-326 AD. IVL CRISPVS NOB CAES, laureate, cuirassed bust left, holding spear & shield / BEATA TRANQVILLITAS, globe on altar inscribed VOT/IS/XX, 3 stars above, STR in ex. RIC VII 308,S Antonivs Protti
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Jovian , RIC VIII 119 Sirmium, 363-364 CEJovian AE3
Obverse: DN IOVIA NVS PF AVG, rosette diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: VOT V, MVLT X within wreath on 4 lines.
BSIRM in ex. Sirmium mint, 20.7 mm, 2.8 g.NORMAN K
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Jovian , RIC VIII 119 Sirmium, 363-364 CEJovian AE3
Obverse: DN IOVIA NVS PF AVG, rosette diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: VOT V, MVLT X within wreath on 4 lines.
BSIRM in ex. Sirmium mint, 19.2 mm, 3.1 g.NORMAN K
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JULIAN II, RIC VIII 108 Sirmium Julian II, 361-363 CE. Æ 20.5 mm., 3.3 g. Sirmium mint.
Obverse: DN FL CL IVLIANVS P F AVG, helmeted and cuirassed bust right, holding spear forward and shield.
Reverse: VOT X MVLT XX in four lines across field within wreath; ASIRM.; LRBC 1619. hard green patinaNORMAN K
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Julian II, RIC VIII 210 ThessalonicaJulian II "the Apostate," February 360 - 26 June 363 A.D.
Bronze AE 2
Obverse: DN FL CL IVLIANVS PF AVG, pearl diademed and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield.
Reverse: VOT X MVLT XX in four lines within wreath.
SMTS in ex. Thessalonica mint, 20.6 mm, 3.0 g.
NORMAN K
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Licinius II VOT V Siscia Licinius II VOT V Siscia
Licinius II LICINIVS-IVN NOB C L
CAESARVM NOSTRORVM VOT V
dot in badge at top of wreath delta SIS star
Siscia RIC VII Siscia 162 s
usually 18-19 mm 320-321 ADJames b4
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Theodosius Theodosius AE4, struck 378-383 at Cyzicus mint.
Obv: D N THEODOSIVS P F AVG, perl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: VOT X MVLT XX in wreath, SMKA in exergue.
RIC IX Cyzicus 21c, common.b70
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ROME. Licinius I. AD 308-324.
Æ Follis (20mm, 3.1 g)
Siscia mint, 1st officina. Struck AD 319-320.
IMP LICINIVS AVG, laureate bust right, slight drapery on far shoulder
VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP, two Victories holding shield inscribed VOT/PR in two lines over altar; I on altar; ASIS*
RIC VII 96 var. (bust type)Ardatirion
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RIC.8.2 Valentinian I (AE3, Vot V Mvlt X)Valentinian I, western roman emperor (364-375)
AE3 : Vot V Mvlt X (364, Sirmium)
bronze, 19 mm diameter, 3.56 g, die axis: 1 h
A/ D N VALENTINI-ANVS P F AVG; pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right
R/ VOT / V / MVLT / X / BSIRM in exergue; in wreath
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RIC.27d1 Valentinian I (siliqua, Vrbs Roma)Valentinian I, western roman emperor (364-375)
Siliqua : Vrbs Roma (367-375, Trèves)
silver, 17 mm diameter, 1.79 g, die axis: 7 h
A/ D N VALENTINI-ANVS P F AVG; pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right
R/ VRBS - ROMA / TRPS• in exergue, Roma seating on cuirass, head left, holding globe and spear
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RIC.35 Magnus Maximus (AE4, Vot V Mvlt X)Magnus Maximus, usurpor (383-384), western roman emperor (384-388)
Nummus AE4 : Vot V Mvlt X (383-388, Lyon mint)
bronze, 14 mm diameter, 1.72 g, die axis: 6 h,
A/ [D N MA]G MAXI-MVS P F AV[G]; pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right
R/ VOT / V/ MVLT / X / LVCS in exergue; in wreath
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RIC.27b Honorius (Siliqua, Vot X Mvlt XV)Honorius, western roman emperor (393-423)
Siliqua : Virtus exerciti (388-402, Milan mint)
silver, 16 mm diameter, 1.47 g, die axis: 7 h
A/ D N HONORI-VS P F AVG; pearl diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right
R/ VOT / X / MVLT / XVL, MDPS in exergue; in wreath
RIC.IX 27b(R4) or RIC.X 1225(R3)
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"As de Nîmes" or "crocodile" Ӕ dupondius of Nemausus (9 - 3 BC), honoring Augustus and AgrippaIMP DIVI F , Heads of Agrippa (left) and Augustus (right) back to back, Agrippa wearing rostral crown and Augustus the oak-wreath / COL NEM, crocodile right chained to palm-shoot with short dense fronds and tip right; two short palm offshoots left and right below, above on left a wreath with two long ties streaming right.
Ó”, 24.5 x 3+ mm, 13.23g, die axis 3h; on both sides there are remains of what appears to be gold plating, perhaps it was a votive offering? Rough edges and slight scrapes on flan typical for this kind of coin, due to primitive technology (filing) of flan preparation.
IMPerator DIVI Filius. Mint of COLonia NEMausus (currently Nîmes, France). Known as "As de Nîmes", it is actually a dupontius (lit. "two-pounder") = 2 ases (sometimes cut in halves to get change). Dupondii were often made out of a golden-colored copper alloy (type of brass) "orichalcum" and this appears to be such case.
Key ID points: oak-wreath (microphotography shows that at least one leaf has a complicated shape, although distinguishing oak from laurel is very difficult) – earlier versions have Augustus bareheaded, no PP on obverse as in later versions, no NE ligature, palm with short fronds with tip right (later versions have tip left and sometimes long fronds). Not typical: no clear laurel wreath together with the rostral crown, gold (?) plating (!), both features really baffling.
But still clearly a "middle" kind of the croc dupondius, known as "type III": RIC I 158, RPC I 524, Sear 1730. It is often conservatively dated to 10 BC - 10 AD, but these days it is usually narrowed to 9/8 - 3 BC.
It is a commemorative issue, honoring the victory over Mark Antony and conquest of Egypt in 30 BC. The heads of Augustus and Agrippa were probably positioned to remind familiar obverses of Roman republican coins with two-faced Janus. Palm branch was a common symbol of victory, in this case grown into a tree, like the victories of Augustus and Agrippa grown into the empire. The two offshoots at the bottom may mean two sons of Agrippa, Gaius and Lucius, who were supposed to be Augustus' heirs and were patrons of the colony. Palm may also be a symbol of the local Nemausian deity, which was probably worshiped in a sacred grove. When these coins were minted, the colony was mostly populated by the settled veterans of Augustus' campaigns, hence the reminiscence of the most famous victory, but some of the original Celtic culture probably survived and was assimilated by Romans. The crocodile is not only the symbol of Egypt, like in the famous Octavian's coins AEGYPTO CAPTA. It is also a representation of Mark Antony, powerful and scary both in water and on land, but a bit slow and stupid. The shape of the crocodile with tail up was specifically chosen to remind of the shape of ship on very common "legionary" denarius series, which Mark Antony minted to pay his armies just before Actium. It is probably also related to the popular contemporary caricature of Cleopatra, riding on and simultaneously copulating with a crocodile, holding a palm branch in her hand as if in triumph. There the crocodile also symbolized Mark Antony.
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa was born c. 64-62 BC somewhere in rural Italy. His family was of humble and plebeian origins, but rich, of equestrian rank. Agrippa was about the same age as Octavian, and the two were educated together and became close friends. He probably first served in Caesar's Spanish campaign of 46–45 BC. Caesar regarded him highly enough to send him with Octavius in 45 BC to train in Illyria. When Octavian returned to Rome after Caesar's assassination, Agrippa became his close lieutenant, performing many tasks. He probably started his political career in 43 BC as a tribune of the people and then a member of the Senate. Then he was one of the leading Octavian's generals, finally becoming THE leading general and admiral in the civil wars of the subsequent years.
In 38 as a governor of Transalpine Gaul Agrippa undertook an expedition to Germania, thus becoming the first Roman general since Julius Caesar to cross the Rhine. During this foray he helped the Germanic tribe of Ubii (who previously allied themselves with Caesar in 55 BC) to resettle on the west bank of the Rhine. A shrine was dedicated there, possibly to Divus Caesar whom Ubii fondly remembered, and the village became known as Ara Ubiorum, "Altar of Ubians". This quickly would become an important Roman settlement. Agrippina the Younger, Agrippa's granddaughter, wife of Emperor Claudius and mother of Emperor Nero, would be born there in 15 AD. In 50 AD she would sponsor this village to be upgraded to a colonia, and it would be renamed Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (colony of Claudius [at] the Altar of Agrippinians – Ubii renamed themselves as Agrippinians to honor the augusta!), abbreviated as CCAA, later to become the capital of new Roman province, Germania Inferior.
In 37 BC Octavian recalled Agrippa back to Rome and arranged for him to win the consular elections, he desperately needed help in naval warfare with Sextus Pompey, the youngest son of Pompey the Great, who styled himself as the last supporter of the republican cause, but in reality became a pirate king, an irony since his father was the one who virtually exterminated piracy in all the Roman waters. He forced humiliating armistice on the triumvirs in 39 BC and when Octavian renewed the hostilities a year later, defeated him in a decisive naval battle of Messina. New fleet had to be built and trained, and Agrippa was the man for the job. Agrippa's solution was creating a huge secret naval base he called Portus Iulius by connecting together lakes Avernus, Avernus and the natural inner and outer harbors behind Cape Misenum at the northern end of the Gulf of Naples. He also created a larger type of ship and developed a new naval weapon: harpax – a ballista-launched grapnel shot with mechanisms that allowed pulling enemy ships close for easy boarding. It replaced the previous boarding device that Romans used since the First Punic War, corvus – effective, but extremely cumbersome. A later defence against it were scythe blades on long poles for cutting ropes, but since this invention was developed in secret, the enemy had no chance to prepare anything like it. It all has proved extremely effective: in a series of naval engagements Agrippa annihilated the fleet of Sextus, forced him to abandon his bases and run away. For this Agrippa was awarded an unprecedented honour that no Roman before or after him received: a rostral crown, "corona rostrata", a wreath decorated in front by a prow and beak of a ship.
That's why Virgil (Aeneid VIII, 683-684), describing Agrippa at Actium, says: "…belli insigne superbum, tempora navali fulgent rostrata corona." "…the proud military decoration, gleams on his brow the naval rostral crown". Actium, the decisive battle between forces of Octavian and Mark Antony, may appear boring compared to the war with Sextus, but it probably turned out this way due to Agrippa's victories in preliminary naval engagements and taking over all the strategy from Octavian.
In between the wars Agrippa has shown an unusual talent in city planning, not only constructing many new public buildings etc., but also greatly improving Rome's sanitation by doing a complete overhaul of all the aqueducts and sewers. Typically, it was Augustus who later would boast that "he had found the city of brick but left it of marble", forgetting that, just like in his naval successes, it was Agrippa who did most of the work. Agrippa had building programs in other Roman cities as well, a magnificent temple (currently known as Maison Carrée) survives in Nîmes itself, which was probably built by Agrippa.
Later relationship between Augustus and Agrippa seemed colder for a while, Agrippa seemed to even go into "exile", but modern historians agree that it was just a ploy: Augustus wanted others to think that Agrippa was his "rival" while in truth he was keeping a significant army far away from Rome, ready to come to the rescue in case Augustus' political machinations fail. It is confirmed by the fact that later Agrippa was recalled and given authority almost equal to Augustus himself, not to mention that he married Augustus' only biological child. The last years of Agrippa's life were spent governing the eastern provinces, were he won respect even of the Jews. He also restored Crimea to Roman Empire. His last service was starting the conquest of the upper Danube, were later the province of Pannonia would be. He suddenly died of illness in 12 BC, aged ~51.
Agrippa had several children through his three marriages. Through some of his children, Agrippa would become ancestor to many subsequent members of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. He has numerous other legacies.Yurii P
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(0284) DIOCLETIAN284 - 305 AD
Struck ca. 303 AD
Post reform radiate AE fraction 20.5 mm, 3.06 g
O: IMP C DIOCLETIANANVS P F AVG; radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right.
R: VOT/XX/FK, all in wreath
Carthage mintlaney
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(0293) CONSTANTIUS I CHLORUS293 - 305 AD (as Caesar)
AE 19.5 mm max. 2.22 g
O: FL V[AL CONST]ANTIVS NOB C, Radiate draped cuirassed bust right
R: VOT Dot XX within wreathlaney
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(0293) CONSTANTIUS I CHLORUS293 - 305 AD (as Caesar)
AE 20 mm 3.62 g
O: CONSTANTIVS NOB CAES, Radiate, draped & cuirassed bust r.,
R: VOT/XX/ Θ, within wreath
RIC VI 88a Rome laney
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(0306) CONSTANTINE I (THE GREAT)Caesar 306-307 AD; Filius Augustorum 307-309 AD; Augustus 309-337 AD
AE 19 mm 3.25 g
OBV: CONSTANTINVS AVG
LAUR HEAD R
REV: DN CONSTANTINI MAX AVG AROUND LAUREL WREATH, VOT DOT DOT XX WITHIN, IN 4 LINES
TSAVI IN EXE
THESSALONICA
laney
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(0308) LICINIUS I308 - 324 AD
struck 317 - 324 AD
AE 20 mm 2.98 g
O: IMP LICINIVS AVG, helmeted cuir bust right
R: VIRTVS EXERCIT/S-HL monogram
2 seated captives on either side of standard inscribed VOT/XX
Gamma SIS Star in exe
Siscialaney
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(0308) LICINIUS I308 - 324 AD
AE 19 mm 2.33 g
O: IMP LICINIVS AVG, laur bust right
R: DN LICINI AVGVSTI surrounding wreath with VOT Dot XX in 2 lines withinlaney
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(0317) CONSTANTINE II (as Caesar)AE 19 mm, 2.80 g
317 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 340 AD (as Augustus)
struck 320-321 AD
O: CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C, laureate head right.
R: CAESARVM NOSTRORVM around VOT-V within wreath, ΓSIS* in exe.
Siscia mint; ref RIC VII, 163
laney
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(0317) CRISPUS317 - 326 AD
Struck 320 - 321 AD
AE Follis 19 mm 3.13 g
O: FL IVL CRISPVS NOB CAES, laureate draped bust left
R: CAESARVM NOSTRORVM around wreath containing VOT V, TSDVI in ex.
Thessalonica
laney
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(0317) CRISPUS317 - 326 AD
Struck 321 AD.
AE 17.5 mm 1,98 g
O: CRISPVS NOB CAES, laureate bust right
R: CAESARVM NOSTRORVM, laurel wreath enclosing VOT X; RS in ex.
Rome Mint, RIC VII 240laney
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(0317) CRISPUS317 - 326 AD
Struck: 324 AD
AE 19 mm, 3.08 g
Obverse: FL IVL CRISPVS NOB CAES, Laureate draped cuirssed bust left
Reverse: CAESARVM NOSTRORVM around votive wreath inscribed VOT pellet X in 3 lines, TSΔVI in exergue
Thessalonica, RIC VII 125laney
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(0317) CRISPUS317 - 326 AD
Struck 324 AD
AE 18.5 mm; 2.51 g
O: CRISPVS NOB CAES, bust right
R: DOMINOR NOSTROR CAESS, VOT/ X, ✶ below all in wreath, SMHΓ in exe. scarce
Heraclea mint; RIC VII 61laney
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(0321) CRISPUS321-324 AD
AE 17.5 mm, 2.92 g
O: IVL CRISPVS NOB CAES- Laureate head right.
R: CAESARVM NOSTRORVM surrounding laurel wreath terminating in rosette enclosing VOT / . / X
ASIS sunburst in exergue
Siscia mint; RIC 181laney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD as Caesar
337 - 361 AD as Augustus
AE 15 mm, 2.31 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed head right
R: VOT XX MVLT XXX in 3 lines within wreath; SMANG in exe
Antioch mint.laney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD (as Caesar)
337 - 361 AD (as Augustus)
Obv: DN CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG, pearl-diademed head
Rev: VOT XX MVLT XXX in four lines within wreath; SMHB in exe
RIC VIII Heraclea 45, rated Scarce.laney
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(0324) CONSTANTIUS II324 - 337 AD as Caesar
337 - 361 AD as Augustus
AE 16mm, 2.10 g
O: D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG diademed head right
R: VOT XX dot MVLT XXX in 3 lines within wreath; CONSG star in exe.
Constantinople mint; RIC VIII 76 (Gamma) rated Scarcelaney
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(0333) CONSTANS333 - 337 (as Caesar)
337 - 350 AD (as Augustus)
AE 14 mm, 1.59 g
O: Bust right'
R: VOT XX MVLT XXX in 3 lines, within wreathlaney
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