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Perdikkas II, 451 - 413 BC. AR Heavy Tetrobol, struck 437 - 431 BC at Aigai in MacedoniaObverse: No legend. Rider, wearing chlamys and kausia (an ancient Macedonian flat hat, also called a petasos), holding two spears on horse prancing right.
Reverse: No legend. Forepart of lion with straight lined truncation facing right, both paws visible; kerykeion (caduceus), placed horizontally, in left field above, all within incuse square.
Diameter: 15mm | Weight: 2.1gms | Die Axis: 6h
Sear GCV: 1491
Grainy surfaces | Rare (R2)

Perdikkas II features prominently in Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War, in which he is described as switching sides between the Peloponnesians and the Athenians several times.
The lion on the reverse of this coin alludes to the Nemean lion killed by Herakles who was claimed to be the ancestor of Perdikkas.

Perdikkas II was a member of the Argead dynasty which would rule Macedonia for almost 400 years.
The founder of the dynasty, Perdikkas I, had led the people who called themselves Macedonians eastward from their home on the Haliacmon River around 700 BC. Aegae (Edessa) became their capital, and by the reign of Amyntas I in the 6th century BC, Macedonian power dominated the neighbouring Thracian tribes and when Amyntas’ successor, Alexander I advanced the Macedonian frontiers eastward to the Strymon River their power was further increased.
After the death of Alexander I in 454, Macedonia began to fall apart, but around 450 BC Perdikkas II, who was Alexander I's son, came to the throne after having asserted his succession against his brothers. Perdikkas had four brothers, Alcetas II, Philip, Menelaus and Amyntas, he also had a sister, Stratonice. Alcetas II preceded him on the throne until he was murdered by Perdikkas' son Archelaus I resulting in Perdikkas' elevation to the throne. During his reign Perdikkas united the Greek cities of Chalcidice in a federation centred on the city of Olynthus.
Perdikkas II died in 413 BC leaving his son Archelaus as heir to the throne. Archelaus adopted a strongly philhellenic policy and introduced Greek artists to his new capital at Pella. He strengthened Macedonia by building roads and fortresses, improved army equipment, and encouraged city life. However, following his assassination in 399 BC, there was seven years of murder and anarchy until finally, around 393 BC, Amyntas III, a great-grandson of Alexander I, took the throne and, although his reign was filled with anarchy and intrigue, he successfully brought unity to Macedonia.

Aigai (also Aegae, Aegeae or Aigeai) was the original capital of the Macedonians and it was also the burial-place of the Macedonian kings. It was built on a site near the modern town of Vergina.1 comments*Alex

Italy- Pompeii- The BasilacaBASILICA
Forum of Pompeii c. 120 B.C. These more massive columns are from the basilica, the most important public building in Pompeii. Constructed prior to the Roman period, the basilica had three aisles and five entrance doors onto the forum. In the rear we see a two-tiered colonnade which has columns in the Doric style on the bottom and slender Ionic columns on top of a cross beam. In Pompeii many columns were made of brick and covered with stucco.

BASILICA (VIII,1,1)
Built in the second half of the 2nd cent. BC, as part of the plan to create monuments throughout the city. It has a rectangular layout, with three naves, with a ceiling sloping straight down in both directions from the central columns and half columns at the top of the walls, where there are still remains of decorations in ‘first style’: at the back is the tribunal, where the magistrates sat, reached by a wooden staircase. The building was dedicated to administering justice and for business negotiations.

Peter Wissing

D.1041 Louis III (denier, Tours)Louis III, king of the Franks (879-882)
Denier (Tours)

Silver, 1.78 g, 19 mm diameter, die axis 12h

O/ +IIISIRICORDIÎ› DI REX; Louis' monogram (legend beginning at 3h)
R/ +HTVRâ—ŠNES CIVITAS; croix pattée

Louis III became king of West Francia at 16 after his father Louis II died quite young. As he was the only living son of Charles II, Louis II had inherited the full kingdom of West Francia from his father. At opposite, when Louis II died, his sons Louis III and Carloman II divided the kingdom into a northern part for Louis III and a southern part for his brother Carloman II. During his reign, Louis III (in alliance with his brother) achieved military successes, especially against Vikings. However, Louis III's reign didn't last long. Louis III died inadvertently at 19 while chasing a girl on his horse. He hit violently the lintel of a door with his head.
Louis III's coinage is hard to distinguish from Louis II's. Both bear the same name et both reigns were very short. Three kinds of coins can be found:
* coins with legend LVDOVICS REX and a KRLS monogram : these coins have been found for northern and southern mints and are consequently given for Louis II;
* coins with a LVDOVICVS monogram ; they have only been found for the northern mints, and are consequently supposed to be Louis III's;
* coins of Toulouse with LV/DO, imitating the ones of Charles emperor with CA/RL. The attribution to Louis II seems to be straightforward due to the southern position.
The legend of the coin is different from the traditional Gratia di Rex, but still shows a religious origin. However its success remained very limited, with some scare coins of Louis III and Eudes. 3 comments

(0270) SEVERINA(wife of Aurelian)
270 - 275 AD
AE Antoninianus 21 X 24 mm, 3.97 g
O: SEVERI_NAE AVG Diademed draped bust right, on crescent, hair brushed back in straight lines and carried in long loop to front, then tucked under diadem
R: CONCOR_DIAE MILITVM Concordia standing facing, head left, standard in each hand; Q in right field, XXI in exe
Antioch in Pisidia
RIC V, Part I, 13.laney

000994 Larissa ¾ Left, Horse Grazing RightThessaly Greece, the City of Larissa

Obv: Head of the nymph Larissa 3/4 facing l., ampyx in her hair, wearing a simple necklace. All within a border of dots.
Rev: ΛΑΡΙΣ above, ΑΙΩΝ in exergue below the ground line, horse with straight legs grazing r.
Denomination: silver obol; Mint: Larissa; Date: late 4th - early 3rd Century BC1; Weight: .70g; Diameter: 10.4mm: Die axis: 170º; References, for example: Herrmann Group VII Series B, pl. V, 192; McClean 4630, pl. on p. 173, no. 24; SNG Cop 135; SNG Ashmolean 3889; SNG München 77; BCD Thessaly II 344 var. with monogram, 385.6; HGC 4, 516.

Notes:
1This is the date provided in BCD Thessaly II.
2BCD Thessaly II 328 corrects Herrmann’s reference from a tritetartemorion to an obol.

Provenance: Ex. Ars Coin Wien, January 26, 2022.

Photo Credits: Ars Coin Wien

CLICK FOR SOURCESTracy Aiello

01 Constantius IIConstantius II AE3. D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right / FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier spearing fallen horseman, hair straight up, reaching, ALEA in ex. Alexandria 822 commentsRandygeki(h2)

02 Constantius IIConstantius II AE22. D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right; A behind bust / FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier standing left, spearing Hair straight up horseman who is reaching backwards, AMB in ex.
Amiens 48

Randygeki(h2)

02 Constantius IIConstantius II
21.4mm, 2.98g, Die Axis 180o
D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right; / FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier standing left, spearing [Hair straight ?] up horseman who is reaching backwards, AMB in ex.
Amiens 462 commentsRandygeki(h2)

02 Constantius IIConstantius II
D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right; A behind bust / FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier standing left, spearing Hair straight up horseman who is reaching backwards, AMB in ex.
Amiens 481 commentsRandygeki(h2)

03 Attica, Athenian ObolAthenian Later Archaic/Rough Archaic Obol1

Obv: head of Athena facing r., crested Attic helmet with three olive leaves and spiral palmette on bowl of the helmet, hair across forehead in straight bands, almond shaped eye.
Rev: owl standing r. with erect posture, tail feathers as a single prong, head facing forward, a single leaf olive sprig and berry to the l., A☉E at 90º and downward to the r., all within incuse square.
Denomination: silver obol; Mint: Athens; Date: c. 454 - 404 BC2; Weight: .67g; Diameter: 9mm; Die axis: 110º; References, for example: BMC vol. 11, 99; SNG Cop vol. 14, 53 to 56, var. no mention of berry; Starr p. XXIII, aa; Cf. Svoronos Athens pl. 8, 43 - 46 and pl. 9, 33 - 34, 37 - 46; SGCV I 2530; Kroll 13a ff var. no mention of berry; SNG München 77 to 82; HGC 4, 1665 var. no mention of berry.

Notes:
1This characterization is per BMC vol. 11, pp. xxiii and 8.
2This is the date range given in HGC 4.

Provenance: Ex. Harlan J Berk Ltd 215th Buy or Bid Sale, May 4, 2021; acquired from Harlan Berk in 2013.

Photo Credits: Harlan J Berk, Ltd

CLICK FOR SOURCES
5 commentsTracy Aiello

04 Constantius IID N CONSTAN-TIVS P F AVG, diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right, A behind/ FEL TEMP RE-PARATIO soldier spearing falling enemy horseman, hair straight up, reaching backwards, LXXII to left, S between AQS in ex.
RIC Aquileia 193

"The reverse mark LXXII refers to the a standard of 72 coins to the pound. The gold solidus and silver light miliarense were both also struck at this c. 4.5 gram standard."
Randygeki(h2)

064 - Septimius Severus denarius - RIC 014Obv:- IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG, Laureate head right
Rev:- LEG X-IIII GE-M M V / TR P COS, Legionary eagle between two standards, Capricorns shown on standard.
Minted in Rome. A.D. 193
Reference:- Cohen 272. BMCRE 19, RIC 14 (Scarce)

Early example of the bust type with straight hair rather than curly. 3 commentsmaridvnvm

064 - Septimius Severus denarius - RIC 022Obv:- IMP CAE L SEP SE-V PERT AVG, laureate head right
Rev:- VICT AVG TR P COS, Victory walking left, holding wreath in right hand, palm in left
Minted in Rome. A.D. 193
Reference:- BMCRE 30, RIC IV 22, RSC 682

Early example of the bust type with straight hair rather than curly. 1 commentsmaridvnvm

066 - Caracalla, AE26, Markianopolis, NemesisAE26 (5 Assarion)
Obv:– ANTWNINOC AVGOVCTOC IOVLIA DOMNA, Confronted busts of Caracalla and Julia Domna
Rev: VP KVNTILIANOV MARKIANOPOLITWN, Nemesis standing left, holding scales and short torch (arshin), wheel at side. E in field
Minted in MARKIANOPOLIS (Moesia Inferior).

The following information comes courtesy of Patricia Lawrence:-

“...I can't just cite Pick. When she holds the scales as well as the goad and has the wheel, it is fair to call her Nemesis-Aequitas. But yours is a plain, straightforward Nemesis. No holding of the cloth of her dress, no griffin by her wheel (Pick 676), which I'd call fancy Nemesis, and no scales of Aequitas (Dikaiosyne) in outstretched right hand (Pick 677). Nor did I identify it in Varbanov's list. If he'd seen it in a regional collection or in a recent auction catalogue, it would be there......just cite "cf. AMNG I, 1, no. 677 (which also has scales)".”2 commentsmaridvnvm

09 Constantius GallusConstantius Gallus
DN FL CL CONSTANTIVS NOB CAES
bare-headed, draped, cuirassed bust right
FEL TEMP RE-PARATIO
soldier standing left, spearing a fallen horseman,
hair straight up, no beard, reaching (hair type not in RIC)
SMN[?]

Nicomedia 97 var
C
ex DS2 commentsRandygeki(h2)

11 Constantius IIConstantius II
DN CONSTAN-TIVS PF AVG
pearl-diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right
FEL TEMP-REPARATIO
Soldier spearin horseman. hair straight up, reaching.
R wreath S
Rome 309Randygeki(h2)

122d Urbs Roma. AE follis 3.0gmobv: VRBS ROMA helm. mantled bust of Roma l.
rev: she-wolf std. l. head straight, suckling the twins Romulus and Remus, two stars above
ex: TR.S
"City commemorative"hill132

1308b, Licinius I, 308 - 324 A.D. (Siscia)Licinius I, 11 November 308 - 18 September 324 A.D. Bronze follis, RIC 4, F, Siscia, 3.257g, 21.6mm, 0o, 313 - 315 A.D. Obverse: IMP LIC LICINIVS P F AVG, laureate head right; Reverse IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG NN, Jupiter standing left holding Victory on globe and scepter, eagle with wreath in beak left, E right, SIS in exergue.

De Imperatoribus Romanis : An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families

Licinius (308-324 A.D.)

Michael DiMaio, Jr.
Salve Regina University

Licinius' Heritage

Valerius Licinianus Licinius, more commonly known as Licinius, may have been born ca. 265. Of peasant origin, his family was from Dacia. A close friend and comrade of arms of the Emperor Galerius, he accompanied him on his Persian expedition in 297. When campaigns by Severus and Galerius in late 306 or early 307 and in the summer of 307, respectively, failed to dislodge Maxentius who, with the luke warm support of his father Maximianus Herculius, was acclaimed princeps on 28 October 306, he was sent by the eastern emperor to Maxentius as an ambassador; the diplomatic mission, however, failed because the usurper refused to submit to the authority of his father-in-law Galerius. At the Conference of Carnuntum which was held in October or November of 308, Licinius was made an Augustus on 11 November 308; his realm included Thrace, Illyricum, and Pannonia.

Licinius' Early Reign

Although Licinius was initially appointed by Galerius to replace Severus to end the revolt of Maxentius , Licinius (perhaps wisely) made no effort to move against the usurper. In fact, his first attested victory was against the Sarmatians probably in the late spring, but no later than the end of June in 310. When the Emperor Galerius died in 311, Licinius met Maximinus Daia at the Bosporus during the early summer of that year; they concluded a treaty and divided Galerius' realm between them. It was little more than a year later that the Emperor Constantine defeated Maxentius at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge on 28 October 312. After the defeat of the usurper, Constantine and Licinius met at Mediolanum (Milan) where Licinius married the former's sister Constantia; one child was born of this union: Valerius Licinianus Licinius. Licinius had another son, born of a slave woman, whose name is unknown. It appears that both emperors promulgated the so-called Edict of Milan, in which Constantine and Licinius granted Christians the freedom to practice their faith without any interference from the state.

As soon as he seems to have learned about the marital alliance between Licinius and Constantine and the death of Maxentius, who had been his ally, Daia traversed Asia Minor and, in April 313, he crossed the Bosporus and went to Byzantium, which he took from Licinius after an eleven day siege. On 30 April 313 the armies of both emperors clashed on the Campus Ergenus; in the ensuing battle Daia's forces were routed. A last ditch stand by Daia at the Cilician Gates failed; the eastern emperor subsequently died in the area of Tarsus probably in July or August 313. As soon as he arrived in Nicomedeia, Licinius promulgated the Edict of Milan. As soon as he had matters in Nicomedeia straightened out, Licinius campaigned against the Persians in the remaining part of 313 and the opening months of 314.

The First Civil War Between Licinius and Constantine

Once Licinius had defeated Maximinus Daia, the sole rulers of the Roman world were he and Constantine. It is obvious that the marriage of Licinius to Constantia was simply a union of convenience. In any case, there is evidence in the sources that both emperors were looking for an excuse to attack the other. The affair involving Bassianus (the husband of Constantius I's daughter Anastasia ), mentioned in the text of Anonymus Valesianus (5.14ff), may have sparked the falling out between the two emperors. In any case, Constantine' s forces joined battle with those of Licinius at Cibalae in Pannonia on 8 October 314. When the battle was over, Constantine prevailed; his victory, however, was Pyrrhic. Both emperors had been involved in exhausting military campaigns in the previous year and the months leading up to Cibalae and each of their realms had expanded so fast that their manpower reserves must have been stretched to the limit. Both men retreated to their own territory to lick their wounds. It may well be that the two emperors made an agreement, which has left no direct trace in the historical record, which would effectively restore the status quo.

Both emperors were variously engaged in different activities between 315 and 316. In addition to campaigning against the Germans while residing in Augusta Treverorum (Trier) in 315, Constantine dealt with aspects of the Donatist controversy; he also traveled to Rome where he celebrated his Decennalia. Licinius, possibly residing at Sirmium, was probably waging war against the Goths. Although not much else is known about Licinius' activities during this period, it is probable that he spent much of his time preparing for his impending war against Constantine; the latter,who spent the spring and summer of 316 in Augusta Treverorum, was probably doing much the same thing. In any case, by December 316, the western emperor was in Sardica with his army. Sometime between 1 December and 28 February 317, both emperors' armies joined battle on the Campus Ardiensis; as was the case in the previous engagement, Constantine' s forces were victorious. On 1 March 317, both sides agreed to a cessation of hostilities; possibly because of the intervention of his wife Constantia, Licinius was able to keep his throne, although he had to agree to the execution of his colleague Valens, who the eastern emperor had appointed as his colleague before the battle, as well as to cede some of his territory to his brother-in-law.

Licinius and the Christians

Although the historical record is not completely clear, Licinius seems to have campaigned against the Sarmatians in 318. He also appears to have been in Byzantium in the summer of 318 and later in June 323. Beyond these few facts, not much else is known about his residences until mid summer of 324. Although he and Constantine had issued the Edict of Milan in early 313, Licinius turned on the Christians in his realm seemingly in 320. The first law that Licinius issued prevented bishops from communicating with each other and from holding synods to discuss matters of interest to them. The second law prohibited men and women from attending services together and young girls from receiving instruction from their bishop or schools. When this law was issued, he also gave orders that Christians could hold services only outside of city walls. Additionally, he deprived officers in the army of their commissions if they did not sacrifice to the gods. Licinius may have been trying to incite Constantine to attack him. In any case, the growing tension between the two rulers is reflected in the consular Fasti of the period.

The Second Civil War Between Licinius and Constantine and Licinius' Death

War actually broke out in 321 when Constantine pursued some Sarmatians, who had been ravaging some territory in his realm, across the Danube. When he checked a similar invasion of the Goths, who were devastating Thrace, Licinius complained that Constantine had broken the treaty between them. Having assembled a fleet and army at Thessalonica, Constantine advanced toward Adrianople. Licinius engaged the forces of his brother-in-law near the banks of the Hebrus River on 3 July 324 where he was routed; with as many men as he could gather, he headed for his fleet which was in the Hellespont. Those of his soldiers who were not killed or put to flight, surrendered to the enemy. Licinius fled to Byzantium, where he was besieged by Constantine. Licinius' fleet, under the command of the admiral Abantus, was overcome by bad weather and by Constantine' s fleet which was under the command of his son Crispus. Hard pressed in Byzantium, Licinius abandoned the city to his rival and fled to Chalcedon in Bithynia. Leaving Martinianus, his former magister officiorum and now his co-ruler, to impede Constantine' s progress, Licinius regrouped his forces and engaged his enemy at Chrysopolis where he was again routed on 18 September 324. He fled to Nicomedeia which Constantine began to besiege. On the next day Licinius abdicated and was sent to Thessalonica, where he was kept under house arrest. Both Licinius and his associate were put to death by Constantine. Martinianus may have been put to death before the end of 324, whereas Licinius was not put to death until the spring of 325. Rumors circulated that Licinius had been put to death because he attempted another rebellion against Constantine.

Copyright (C) 1996, Michael DiMaio, Jr.
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.

Cleisthenes

1308c, Licinius I, 308-324 A.D. (Alexandria)Licinius I, 308-324 A.D. AE Follis, 3.60g, VF, 315 A.D., Alexandria. Obverse: IMP C VAL LICIN LICINIVS P F AVG - Laureate head right; Reverse: IOVI CONS-ERVATORI AVGG - Jupiter standing left, holding Victory on a globe and scepter; exergue: ALE / (wreath) over "B" over "N." Ref: RIC VII, 10 (B = r2) Rare, page 705 - Hunterian Museum, Glasgow, Scotland.

De Imperatoribus Romanis : An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families

Licinius (308-324 A.D.)

Michael DiMaio, Jr.
Salve Regina University

Licinius' Heritage

Valerius Licinianus Licinius, more commonly known as Licinius, may have been born ca. 265. Of peasant origin, his family was from Dacia. A close friend and comrade of arms of the Emperor Galerius, he accompanied him on his Persian expedition in 297. When campaigns by Severus and Galerius in late 306 or early 307 and in the summer of 307, respectively, failed to dislodge Maxentius who, with the luke warm support of his father Maximianus Herculius, was acclaimed princeps on 28 October 306, he was sent by the eastern emperor to Maxentius as an ambassador; the diplomatic mission, however, failed because the usurper refused to submit to the authority of his father-in-law Galerius. At the Conference of Carnuntum which was held in October or November of 308, Licinius was made an Augustus on 11 November 308; his realm included Thrace, Illyricum, and Pannonia.

Licinius' Early Reign

Although Licinius was initially appointed by Galerius to replace Severus to end the revolt of Maxentius , Licinius (perhaps wisely) made no effort to move against the usurper. In fact, his first attested victory was against the Sarmatians probably in the late spring, but no later than the end of June in 310. When the Emperor Galerius died in 311, Licinius met Maximinus Daia at the Bosporus during the early summer of that year; they concluded a treaty and divided Galerius' realm between them. It was little more than a year later that the Emperor Constantine defeated Maxentius at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge on 28 October 312. After the defeat of the usurper, Constantine and Licinius met at Mediolanum (Milan) where Licinius married the former's sister Constantia; one child was born of this union: Valerius Licinianus Licinius. Licinius had another son, born of a slave woman, whose name is unknown. It appears that both emperors promulgated the so-called Edict of Milan, in which Constantine and Licinius granted Christians the freedom to practice their faith without any interference from the state.

As soon as he seems to have learned about the marital alliance between Licinius and Constantine and the death of Maxentius, who had been his ally, Daia traversed Asia Minor and, in April 313, he crossed the Bosporus and went to Byzantium, which he took from Licinius after an eleven day siege. On 30 April 313 the armies of both emperors clashed on the Campus Ergenus; in the ensuing battle Daia's forces were routed. A last ditch stand by Daia at the Cilician Gates failed; the eastern emperor subsequently died in the area of Tarsus probably in July or August 313. As soon as he arrived in Nicomedeia, Licinius promulgated the Edict of Milan. As soon as he had matters in Nicomedeia straightened out, Licinius campaigned against the Persians in the remaining part of 313 and the opening months of 314.

The First Civil War Between Licinius and Constantine

Once Licinius had defeated Maximinus Daia, the sole rulers of the Roman world were he and Constantine. It is obvious that the marriage of Licinius to Constantia was simply a union of convenience. In any case, there is evidence in the sources that both emperors were looking for an excuse to attack the other. The affair involving Bassianus (the husband of Constantius I's daughter Anastasia ), mentioned in the text of Anonymus Valesianus (5.14ff), may have sparked the falling out between the two emperors. In any case, Constantine' s forces joined battle with those of Licinius at Cibalae in Pannonia on 8 October 314. When the battle was over, Constantine prevailed; his victory, however, was Pyrrhic. Both emperors had been involved in exhausting military campaigns in the previous year and the months leading up to Cibalae and each of their realms had expanded so fast that their manpower reserves must have been stretched to the limit. Both men retreated to their own territory to lick their wounds. It may well be that the two emperors made an agreement, which has left no direct trace in the historical record, which would effectively restore the status quo.

Both emperors were variously engaged in different activities between 315 and 316. In addition to campaigning against the Germans while residing in Augusta Treverorum (Trier) in 315, Constantine dealt with aspects of the Donatist controversy; he also traveled to Rome where he celebrated his Decennalia. Licinius, possibly residing at Sirmium, was probably waging war against the Goths. Although not much else is known about Licinius' activities during this period, it is probable that he spent much of his time preparing for his impending war against Constantine; the latter,who spent the spring and summer of 316 in Augusta Treverorum, was probably doing much the same thing. In any case, by December 316, the western emperor was in Sardica with his army. Sometime between 1 December and 28 February 317, both emperors' armies joined battle on the Campus Ardiensis; as was the case in the previous engagement, Constantine' s forces were victorious. On 1 March 317, both sides agreed to a cessation of hostilities; possibly because of the intervention of his wife Constantia, Licinius was able to keep his throne, although he had to agree to the execution of his colleague Valens, who the eastern emperor had appointed as his colleague before the battle, as well as to cede some of his territory to his brother-in-law.

Licinius and the Christians

Although the historical record is not completely clear, Licinius seems to have campaigned against the Sarmatians in 318. He also appears to have been in Byzantium in the summer of 318 and later in June 323. Beyond these few facts, not much else is known about his residences until mid summer of 324. Although he and Constantine had issued the Edict of Milan in early 313, Licinius turned on the Christians in his realm seemingly in 320. The first law that Licinius issued prevented bishops from communicating with each other and from holding synods to discuss matters of interest to them. The second law prohibited men and women from attending services together and young girls from receiving instruction from their bishop or schools. When this law was issued, he also gave orders that Christians could hold services only outside of city walls. Additionally, he deprived officers in the army of their commissions if they did not sacrifice to the gods. Licinius may have been trying to incite Constantine to attack him. In any case, the growing tension between the two rulers is reflected in the consular Fasti of the period.

The Second Civil War Between Licinius and Constantine and Licinius' Death

War actually broke out in 321 when Constantine pursued some Sarmatians, who had been ravaging some territory in his realm, across the Danube. When he checked a similar invasion of the Goths, who were devastating Thrace, Licinius complained that Constantine had broken the treaty between them. Having assembled a fleet and army at Thessalonica, Constantine advanced toward Adrianople. Licinius engaged the forces of his brother-in-law near the banks of the Hebrus River on 3 July 324 where he was routed; with as many men as he could gather, he headed for his fleet which was in the Hellespont. Those of his soldiers who were not killed or put to flight, surrendered to the enemy. Licinius fled to Byzantium, where he was besieged by Constantine. Licinius' fleet, under the command of the admiral Abantus, was overcome by bad weather and by Constantine' s fleet which was under the command of his son Crispus. Hard pressed in Byzantium, Licinius abandoned the city to his rival and fled to Chalcedon in Bithynia. Leaving Martinianus, his former magister officiorum and now his co-ruler, to impede Constantine' s progress, Licinius regrouped his forces and engaged his enemy at Chrysopolis where he was again routed on 18 September 324. He fled to Nicomedeia which Constantine began to besiege. On the next day Licinius abdicated and was sent to Thessalonica, where he was kept under house arrest. Both Licinius and his associate were put to death by Constantine. Martinianus may have been put to death before the end of 324, whereas Licinius was not put to death until the spring of 325. Rumors circulated that Licinius had been put to death because he attempted another rebellion against Constantine.

Copyright (C) 1996, Michael DiMaio, Jr.
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.

Cleisthenes

138 - Magnia Urbica - RIC 337 - (D | _)AE Antoninianus.
Obv:– MAGNIA VRBICA AVG, Draped bust right on crescent, hair brushed in straight lines, plait carried up the back to top of head and running under stephane
Rev:– VENVS GENETRIX, Venus standing facing, head left, apple upward in right hand, vertical scepter in left
Minted in Lugdunum (D in left field).
RIC V pt. 2, 337. Bastien 617

Some areas flatly struck but still a quite pleasing example.maridvnvm

138 - Magnia Urbica - RIC 337 var - (A | _)AE Antoninianus.
Obv:– MAGNIA VRBICA AVG, Draped bust right on crescent, hair brushed in straight lines, plait carried up the back to top of head and running under stephane
Rev:– VENVS GENETRIX, Venus standing facing, head left, apple upward in right hand, vertical scepter in left
Minted in Lugdunum (A in left field).
RIC V pt. 2, 337 var (not listed from this officina). Bastien -, Bastien Supplement -, Bastien Supplement II 613Î± (2 examples cited)
23mm, 3.16g1 commentsmaridvnvm

138 - Magnia Urbica, Antoninianus - RIC V Pt 2 343 - (Rome)Obv:– MAGN VRBICA AVG, Draped bust right on crescent, hair brushed in straight lines, plait carried up the back to top of head and running under stephane
Rev:– VENVS V-I_CTRIX, Venus standing left, holding helmet and scepter, shield at her feet
Minted in Rome (//KAS). A.D. 283-285
Reference:– RIC V Pt 2 343. Cohen 17.2 commentsmaridvnvm

170 - Constantius II - AE3 - RIC VIII VIII Aquileia 208AE3
Obv:– D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, Pearl diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right
Rev:– FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Helmeted soldier to left, shield on left arm, spearing falling horseman; shield on ground at right. Horseman is bare headed (hair straight up) and bearded and reaches towards emperor (type FH3)
Minted in Aquileia (II | _ //AQT). September A.D. 352 - November A.D. 355
Reference:- RIC VIII Aquileia 208 (C)1 commentsmaridvnvm

175 - Constantius Gallus - AE3/4 - RIC VIII Nicomedia 97 AE3/4
Obv:– DN FL CL CONSTANTIVS NOB CAES, Bare, bust draped and cuirassed right
Rev:– FEL TEMP REPARATIO, Soldier spearing fallen horseman, who is bare headed, reaching back towards the emperor (Rider with hair straight up, no beard, reaching (hair type not in RIC))
Minted in Nicomedia (//SMN Delta),
Reference:– RIC VIII Nicomedia 97 var (hairstyle/headwear)

Ex Lanz. Ex Kunker 288, ex. Collection Dr. Rainer Pudill

3,13 g. 16.55 mm1 commentsmaridvnvm

1868-9 Japanese Electrum 2 BuJapan, Meiji (1867-1912), Electrum 2 Bu, Meiji ND (1868-9), Hartill EJC 8.32a, SCWC KM C21d, JNDA 09-29, JC 03-32, EF, cast in 22.3% gold and 77.7% silver, engraved by Mint Official, Gotō Shōzaburō Mitsutsugu, rectangular, plain edge, weight 3.0g (AGW 0.0215oz, ASW 0.0749oz), composition Electrum (0.223 Au, 0.777 Ag), diameter 19.0×11.0mm, thickness 1.2mm, die axis 0°, Kinza (Edo) mint, 1868-9; obverse Kiri crests top and bottom with upper inside fan-shaped hexagonal frame, 分-二 (2 Bu) across fields (read right to left), top right stroke of 分 straight, pearled border surrounding; reverse signature (kaō) 光次 (Mitsutsugu) downward for Mint Official, Gotō Shōzaburō Mitsutsugu, pearled border surrounding; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex Coincraft (4 Jul 2021); £115.00.Serendipity

19 Constantius IIConstantius II
D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right; A behind bust / FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier standing left, spearing Hair straight up horseman who is reaching backwards, AMB in ex.
Amiens 481 commentsRandygeki(h2)

1be Hadrian117-138

Sestertius
Laureate head, right, HADRIANVUS AVG COS III PP
Fortuna standing left with rudder on globe and cornucopia, FORTVNA AVG

RIC 759

According to the Historia Augusta, "Bereft of his father at the age of ten, he became the ward of Ulpius Trajanus, his cousin, then of praetorian rank, but afterwards emperor, and of Caelius Attianus, a knight. He then grew rather deeply devoted to Greek studies, to which his natural tastes inclined so much that some called him 'Greekling. . . .' In the 105-106 second Dacian war, Trajan appointed him to the command of the First Legion, the Minervia, and took him with him to the war; and in this campaign his many remarkable deeds won great renown. . . . On taking possession of the imperial power
Hadrian at once resumed the policy of the early emperors and devoted his attention to maintaining peace throughout the world. . . . [I]n this letter to the Senate he apologized because he had not left it the right to decide regarding his accession, explaining that the unseemly haste of the troops in acclaiming him emperor was due to the belief that the state could not be without an emperor. . . . He was, in the same person, austere and genial, dignified and playful, dilatory and quick to act, niggardly and generous, deceitful and straightforward, cruel and merciful, and always in all things changeable. . . . Hadrian's memory was vast and his ability was unlimited ; for instance, he personally dictated his speeches and gave opinions on all questions. He was also very witty. . . ."

After this Hadrian departed for Baiae, leaving Antoninus at Rome to carry on the government. But he received no benefit there, and he thereupon
sent for Antoninus, and in his presence he died there at Baiae on the sixth day before the Ides of July.

According to Eutropius: After the death of Trajan, AELIUS HADRIAN was made emperor, not from any wish to that effect having been expressed by Trajan himself, but through the influence of Plotina, Trajan's wife; for Trajan in his life-time had refused to adopt him, though he was the son of his cousin. He also was born at Italica in Spain. Envying Trajan's glory, he immediately gave up three of the provinces which Trajan had added to the empire, withdrawing the armies from Assyria, Mesopotamia, and Armenia, and deciding that the Euphrates should be the boundary of the empire. When he was proceeding, to act similarly with regard to Dacia, his friends dissuaded him, lest many Roman citizens should be left in the hands of the barbarians, because Trajan, after he had subdued Dacia, had transplanted thither an infinite number of men from the whole Roman world, to people the country and the cities; as the land had been exhausted of inhabitants in the long war maintained by Decebalus.

He enjoyed peace, however, through the whole course of his reign; the only war that he had, he committed to the conduct of a governor of a province. He went about through the Roman empire, and founded many edifices. He spoke with great eloquence in the Latin language, and was very learned in the Greek. He had no great reputation for clemency, but was very attentive to the state of the treasury and the discipline of the soldiers. He died in Campania, more than sixty years old, in the twenty-first year, tenth month, and twenty-ninth day of his reign. The senate was unwilling to allow him divine honours; but his successor Titus Aurelius Fulvius Antonius, earnestly insisting on it, carried his point, though all the senators were openly opposed to him. 1 commentsBlindado

1bm LucillaWife of Lucius Verus, executed 182 AD

Sestertius
Draped bust, right, LVCILLAE AVG ANTONINI AVG F
Venus standing facing left holding apple, drawing out robe, VENUS

RIC 1767

Daughter of Marcus Aurelius and Faustina Junior, she married Lucius Verus in 164.

According to Herodian: For the present, however, the memory of his father and his respect for his advisers held Commodus in check. But then a disastrous stroke of ill fortune completely altered his previously mild, moderate disposition. It happened this way. The oldest of the emperor's sisters was Lucilla. She had formerly been married to Lucius Verus Caesar. . . . But after Lucius died, Lucilla, who retained all the privileges of her imperial position, was married by her father to Pompeianus.

Commodus, too, allowed his sister to retain the imperial honors; she continued to occupy the imperial seat at the theaters, and the sacred fire was carried before her. But when Commodus married Crispina, custom demanded that the front seat at the theater be assigned to the empress. Lucilla found this difficult to endure, and felt that any honor paid to the empress was an insult to her; but since she was well aware that her husband Pompeianus was devoted to Commodus, she told him nothing about her plans to seize control of the empire. Instead, she tested the sentiments of a wealthy young nobleman, Quadratus, with whom she was rumored to be sleeping in secret. Complaining constantly about this matter of imperial precedence, she soon persuaded the young man to set in motion a plot which brought destruction upon himself and the entire senate.

Quadratus, in selecting confederates among the prominent senators, prevailed upon Quintianus, a bold and reckless young senator, to conceal a dagger beneath his robe and, watching for a suitable time and place, to stab Commodus; as for the rest, he assured Quintianus that he would set matters straight by bribes.

But the assassin, standing in the entrance to the amphitheater (it was dark there and he hoped to escape detection), drew his dagger and shouted at Commodus that he had been sent by the Senate to kill him. Quintianus wasted time making his little speech and waving his dagger; as a result, he was seized by the emperor's bodyguards before he could strike, and died for his stupidity in revealing the plot prematurely.

This was the initial reason for the young emperor's hatred of the Senate. He took Quintianus' words to heart and, ever mindful of what his attacker had said, now considered the entire Senate his collective enemy.

This incident also gave Perennis sufficient excuse for taking action, for he was always advising the emperor to eliminate and destroy the prominent men. By confiscating their property, Perennis easily made himself the richest man of his time. After the attempt at assassination had been thoroughly investigated by the prefect, Commodus without mercy put to death his sister, all those actually involved in the plot, and any who were under the slightest suspicion as well.3 commentsBlindado

50. Edward IIPenny, London mint.
Obverse: +EDWAR R ANGL DNS HYB / Crowned bust, facing.
Reverse: CIVITAS LONDON / Long cross with three pellets in each angle.
1.41 gm., 19 mm.
North #1065; Seaby #1468.

Classification from North, Vol. 2, p. 24-25; and Seaby 1994:
- E with angular back = types 11b - 15b.
- Bifoliate crown = types 10a - 15b.
- The distinguishing feature is the central fleur of the crown with straight sides and tall lis (fig. 13 on p. 25 of North, vol. 2.)
- Along with this goes the "large smiling face with leering eyes."
- This coins is therefore type 14 -- which is attributed to Edward II.

Perhaps unusual is the obverse legend with two Rs in it, not mentioned by North or Seaby.
Callimachus

AE Spearhead #12Western Asia
1200-800 BC
16cm (6.3”)

Cf. Muscarella (Bronze and Iron, Ancient Near Eastern Artifacts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art), Fig. 396 (page 290) for similar, though slightly wider, tip
Cf. Negahban (Weapons from Marlik), Fig. 65 (page 85) for similarly shaped tip – however, the Negahban example is listed an arrowhead, not a spearhead.

Description:
Tanged ribbed blade, small stem, straight blade edges at base, then tapering toward point.Kamnaskires

AE Spearhead #17 (or dagger blade?)Western Asia (probably Luristan)
1200-800 BC
33cm (13”)

Cf. Moorey (Catalogue of the Ancient Persian Bronzes in the Ashmolean Museum), Pl. 5, Fig. 39
Cf. Malloy (Weapons: Ancient and Medieval Art and Antiquities), Fig. 64

Description:
Rounded shoulders, straight sides tapering toward point, pronounced midrib, medium length tang.

Ex-Marcel Gibrat CollectionKamnaskires

AE Spearhead #31NW Iran
(Moorey states that this rare type is associated with the Persian Talish region)
c. 9th – 8th century BC
36.5 cm (14.4”)

Cf. Moorey (Catalogue of the Ancient Persian Bronzes in the Ashmolean Museum), Pl. 9, Fig. 88 (also illustrated on page 91)

Description:
Long, triangular blade tapering towards point; straight shoulders; triangular midrib with double traced lines running down either side; folded socket, the upper part decorated with long incised lines and a stacked chevrons pattern; rivet holes near base.

Ex-Joseph K. Long III collection, New Hampshire, USA, acquired in the 1980sKamnaskires

Akragas HemilitronSicily, Akragas, c. 415-406 BC. Hemilitron Æ 20.15g.
O/ AKPAÎ“AN TI NON ; Eagle right head straight upwards, on hare ; cicada in r. field.
R/ Crab with slooping sides in shallow incuse ; below Triton to r., blowing a conch-shell, 6 pellets
HGC Sicily 131 ; CNS I p.174 32 ; Westermark, The Coinage of Akragas, 618 (O6/R5)1 commentsBrennos

Alexander I Balas 150-145 B.C.Alexander I Balas 150-145 B.C. Ae 20mm. 6.05g. Laodicia in Phoenicia (Berytus). Sidon. Obv: Diademed head Alexander I r., diadem ends falling straight behind, dotted border. Rev: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣΣ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ (curving), Ba'al-Berit (Poseidon) standing facing, holding phiale and trident, dotted border. Mintmarks ΛΑ (l. field) and Φ (r. field) SC1825.1ddwau

Alexander I Balas 150-145 B.C. (S.E. 163 = 150/49 B.C.) Alexander I Balas 150-145 B.C. Ar tetradrachm, 31.9~32.9mm. 16.81g. (Zeus Nicephorus type) Antioch on the Orontes. Obv: Diademed head of Alexander I r., diadem ends falling straight down. Rev: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ in two lines on r., ΘΕΟΠΑΤΟΡΟΣ ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ in two lines on l., Zeus enthroned l., resting on sceptre and holding Nike facing r. offering wreath. Symbol outer l. cornucopiae. Date in ex. ΓΕΡ (S.E. 163 = 150/49 B.C.) SC 1781.3dddwau

Anatolia-Ionia Ephesos, AR TrihemiobolIonia, Ephesos, AR Trihemiobol.90-330 BC.

Obverse: Bee with straight wings

Reverse: Forepart of a stag rightMacedonian Warrior

ANONYMOUSAR drachm (half quadrigatus). 225-212 BC. 3.27 gm. Laureate head of Janus; heavy straight truncation line . / Jupiter in quadriga driven by Victory left. ROMA raised in exergue.
Crawford 28/4; RSC 25.
CNG Triton VII, Lot: 824.benito

Anonymus Denarius RRC 152/1c
189 - 180 b.c.
Long peaked visor.
With a lock of hair over the left shoulder of Roma and short, straight tails of the horses.
Other variants of RRC 152 are with monogram SX.Q. and attributed to moneyer Sextus Quintilius

Bought from Busso Peus Auction #392 in 2007 as RRC 53

2 commentsNorbert

Antiochus III 223-187 B.C.Antiochus III 223-187 B.C. Ae 14.2~16.3mm. 3.76g. Obv: Laureate head of Apollo r. with short straight hair, dotted border. Rev: BAΣIΛEΩΣ ANTIOXOΥ, horse trotting r. dotted border. SC 1094, WSM 1189, CSE 438-439, SNG Spaer 628-635.ddwau

Antiochus IV 175 – 164 B.C. Antiochus IV 175 – 164 B.C. Ae 14.4~14.9mm. 3.03g. (Samaria (?) or imatative issue). Obv: Radiate, diademed head of Antiochus IV r., one diadem end falling straight behind, the other falling forward over shoulder, fillet border. Mark of value X behind head. Rev: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ / ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ, goddess, Nicephorus seated left, on high backed throne, holding Nike, bird at feet, dotted border. Control mark under throne. SC 1491.ddwau

Antiochus IV 175 – 164 B.C.Antiochus IV 175 – 164 B.C. Ae 15.1~16.0mm. 2.86g. (Samaria (?) or imatative issue). Obv: Radiate, diademed head of Antiochus IV r., one diadem end falling straight behind, the other falling forward over shoulder, fillet border. Mark of value X behind head. Rev: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ / ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ, goddess, Nicephorus seated left, on high backed throne, holding Nike, bird at feet, dotted border. Control mark under throne. SC 1491.ddwau

Antiochus IV 175 – 164 B.C.Antiochus IV 175 – 164 B.C. Ae 14.4~15.5mm. 2.97g. (Samaria (?) or imatative issue). Obv: Radiate, diademed head of Antiochus IV r., one diadem end falling straight behind, the other falling forward over shoulder, fillet border. Mark of value X behind head. Rev: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ / ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ, goddess, Nicephorus seated left, on high backed throne, holding Nike, bird at feet, dotted border. Control mark under throne. SC 1491.ddwau

Antiochus VII Euergetes-Sidetes, 138 - 129 B.C. Antiochus VII Euergetes-Sidetes, 138 - 129 B.C. Ar tetradrachm, 28.8~31.5mm. 16.51g. Antioch on the Orontes. Nicephorus type. Obv: Diademed head of Antiochus VII r., diadem ends falling straight behind, fillet border. Rev: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣΣ ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ in two lines r. ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ on l., Athena standing l., resting l. hand on grounded shield and extending r. beyond royal epithet, where she supports Nike l., extending wreath into border, spear propped against Athena's arm, laurel wreath border. Control Δ and Ι above Π. SC 2061.1.pddwau

Antiochus VIII Epiphanes (Grypos) 121/0 - 96 B.C.Antiochus VIII Epiphanes (Grypos) 121/0 - 96 B.C. Ar 28.2~30.1mm. 16.59g. Ptolemais (Ake) mint. Obv: Diademed head of Antiochus VIII r. diadem ends falling straight behind, fillet border. Rev: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ / ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ, Zeus Uranius, draped standing l., crescent above head, holding a star in outstreched hand and resting on a sceptre, laurel wreath border. Control outer left (ΔΡ. - variant). S-7143. S.C. 2336.2a. HC 9, 1197h.ddwau

Antiochus VIII Epiphanes (Grypos) 121/0 - 96 B.C.Antiochus VIII Epiphanes (Grypos) 121/0 - 96 B.C. Ar 28.1~29.6mm. 16.38g. Ptolemais (Ake) mint. Obv: Diademed head of Antiochus VIII r. diadem ends falling straight behind, fillet border. Rev: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ / ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ, Zeus Uranius, draped standing l., crescent above head, holding a star in outstreched hand and resting on a sceptre, laurel wreath border. Control outer left - (M). S.C. 2336.1. ddwau

Antiochus VIII Epiphanes 125 - 96 B.C.Antiochus VIII Epiphanes 125 - 96 B.C. Ae17.2~18.4mm. 5.05g. Obv: Diademed head of Antiochus VIII r., diadem ends falling straight behind, dotted border. Rev: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ / ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ, tripod surmounted by horizontal thunderbolt. Control (outer l.) SC 2318, SNG Spaer 2563 & 2564-2567.ddwau

Antoninus She Wolf BoatANTONINUS PIUS, 138-161 AD. Æ As, 10.84, 25mm
Minted 143-144 AD.
OBV: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P COS III, laureate head right
REV: IMPERATOR II S-C, wolf suckling twins, boat in ex. Cohen 448.
RIC.734, Cohen 448.
This reverse type comes in two variants, with the she-wolf either looking straight ahead, or turning her head back to look at the twins, as on this coin. This second variant is definitely the scarcer of the two: not represented in our Forvms photofile, nor in CoinArchives according to my (Curtis Clay) perhaps inadequate search. Strack 945 lists five museum specimens and one in an auction catalogue, apparently all that he knew, meaning that this variant is missing from the rich collections in Paris and Vienna.SRukke

Apollonia Pontica450-400 B.C.
Silver drachm,
2.50 g., 14 mm.
Rev: Gorgoneion head facing, straight vertical hair with horizontal lines on her forehead
Obv.: Anchor; crayfish to left, A to right

As featured in Forvm's Fake Coin Reports :-(2 commentsJaimelai

Apollonia Pontica450 – 425 B.C.
Silver Drachm
3.28 gm, 14 mm
Rev: Archaic Ionian Gorgon head facing with straight vertical hair with wavy bangs
Obv.: Anchor; A to left, crayfish to right
Topalov Apollonia p. 588, 44
Sear p. 165, 1655

Topalov Type: "Upright Anchor a crab as an additional symbol and the letter A on the left or right - Full-Face Gorgon's Head" Last Late Issues (450-425 B.C.)
Obv.: Upright anchor with large flukes and solid stock. An additional symbol of a crab viewed from above left and the letter A right (or visa versa) between the fluke and the stock.
Rev.: Full-face of a noble Gorgon's head with a low narrow forehead, projecting eyebrows and eyes, a short flat nose, abnormaly open mouth, long teeth and tongue. Human hair mixed with snakes with thin bodies. The image in a concave circle.1 commentsJaimelai

Apollonia Pontica Topalov 44 - Silver Drachm450 – 425 B.C.
3.21 gm, 14 mm
Obv.: Anchor; crayfish to left, A to right
Rev: Noble Attic Gorgon head facing with straight vertical hair with wavy bangs
Topalov Apollonia p. 588, 44; Sear 1655 var.

Topalov Type: "Upright Anchor, a crab as an additional symbol and the letter A on the left or on the right - Full-face Gorgon's Head" Last Late Issues (450-425 B.C.)
Obv.: Upright anchor with large flukes and solid stock. An additional symbol of a crab viewed from above and the letter “A” right (or visa versa) between the fluke and the stock.
Rev.: Full-face of a noble Gorgon's head with a low narrow forehead, projecting eyebrows and eyes, a short flat nose, abnormaly open mouth, long teeth and toungue. Human hair mixed with snakes with thin bodies. The image in a concave circle.

Description from Topalov Apollonia 20071 commentsJaimelai

Apollonia Pontica Topalov 44 - Silver Drachm450 – 425 B.C.
3.16 gm, 14 mm
Obv.: Anchor; A to left, crayfish to right
Rev: Noble Attic Gorgon head facing with straight vertical hair with wavy bangs
Topalov Apollonia p. 588, 44; Sear 1655 var.

Topalov Type: "Upright Anchor, a crab as an additional symbol and the letter A on the left or on the right - Full-face Gorgon's Head" Last Late Issues (450-425 B.C.)
Obv.: Upright anchor with large flukes and solid stock. An additional symbol of a crab viewed from above and the letter “A” right (or visa versa) between the fluke and the stock.
Rev.: Full-face of a noble Gorgon's head with a low narrow forehead, projecting eyebrows and eyes, a short flat nose, abnormaly open mouth, long teeth and toungue. Human hair mixed with snakes with thin bodies. The image in a concave circle.

Description from Topalov Apollonia 2007Jaimelai

Apollonia Pontica Topalov 44 - Silver Drachm450 – 425 B.C.
3.24 gm, 14 mm
Obv.: Anchor; A to left, crayfish to right
Rev: Noble Attic Gorgon head facing with straight vertical hair with wavy bangs
Topalov Apollonia p. 588, 44; Sear 1655 var.

Topalov Type: "Upright Anchor, a crab as an additional symbol and the letter A on the left or on the right - Full-face Gorgon's Head" Last Late Issues (450-425 B.C.)
Obv.: Upright anchor with large flukes and solid stock. An additional symbol of a crab viewed from above and the letter “A” right (or visa versa) between the fluke and the stock.
Rev.: Full-face of a noble Gorgon's head with a low narrow forehead, projecting eyebrows and eyes, a short flat nose, abnormaly open mouth, long teeth and toungue. Human hair mixed with snakes with thin bodies. The image in a concave circle.

Description from Topalov Apollonia 2007Jaimelai

Apollonia Pontica Topalov 44 - Silver Drachm450 – 425 B.C.
3.13 gm, 12-14 mm
Obv.: Anchor; A to left, crayfish to right
Rev: Noble Attic Gorgon head facing with straight vertical hair with wavy bangs
Topalov Apollonia p. 588, 44; Sear 1655 var.

Topalov Type: "Upright Anchor, a crab as an additional symbol and the letter A on the left or on the right - Full-face Gorgon's Head" Last Late Issues (450-425 B.C.)
Obv.: Upright anchor with large flukes and solid stock. An additional symbol of a crab viewed from above and the letter “A” right (or visa versa) between the fluke and the stock.
Rev.: Full-face of a noble Gorgon's head with a low narrow forehead, projecting eyebrows and eyes, a short flat nose, abnormaly open mouth, long teeth and toungue. Human hair mixed with snakes with thin bodies. The image in a concave circle.

Description from Topalov Apollonia 2007Jaimelai

Apollonia Pontica Topalov 44 - Silver Drachm450 – 425 B.C.
3.28 gm, 14 mm
Obv.: Anchor; A to left, crayfish to right
Rev: Noble Attic Gorgon head facing with straight vertical hair with straight bangs parted in the middle
Topalov Apollonia p. 588, 44; Sear 1655 var.

Topalov Type: "Upright Anchor, a crab as an additional symbol and the letter A on the left or on the right - Full-face Gorgon's Head" Last Late Issues (450-425 B.C.)
Obv.: Upright anchor with large flukes and solid stock. An additional symbol of a crab viewed from above and the letter “A” right (or visa versa) between the fluke and the stock.
Rev.: Full-face of a noble Gorgon's head with a low narrow forehead, projecting eyebrows and eyes, a short flat nose, abnormaly open mouth, long teeth and toungue. Human hair mixed with snakes with thin bodies. The image in a concave circle.

Description from Topalov Apollonia 2007Jaimelai

Apollonia Pontica Topalov 44 - Silver Drachm 450 – 425 B.C.
3.24 gm, 13 mm
Obv.: Anchor; A to left, crayfish to right
Rev: Archaic Ionian Gorgon head facing with straight vertical hair with wavy bangs
Topalov Apollonia p. 588, 44; Sear 1655 var.

Topalov Type: "Upright Anchor, a crab as an additional symbol and the letter A on the left or on the right - Full-face Gorgon's Head" Last Late Issues (450-425 B.C.)
Obv.: Upright anchor with large flukes and solid stock. An additional symbol of a crab viewed from above and the letter “A” right (or visa versa) between the fluke and the stock.
Rev.: Full-face of a noble Gorgon's head with a low narrow forehead, projecting eyebrows and eyes, a short flat nose, abnormaly open mouth, long teeth and toungue. Human hair mixed with snakes with thin bodies. The image in a concave circle.

Description from Topalov Apollonia 2007
Jaimelai

Apollonia Pontica Topalov 44 - Silver Drachm450 – 424 B.C.
3.31 gm, 13.2 mm
Obv.: Anchor; A to right, crayfish to left.
Rev: Archaic Ionian Gorgon head facing with straight vertical hair with wavy bangs; elaborate design with pronounced face wrinkles and spoked wheel/star pattern ear-rings, on a webbed aegis shield tipped with coiled snakes.
Topalov Apollonia p. 588, 44; Sear 1655;
BMC 15, p. 8 5-7& 9; SNG BM Black Sea 156

Certified Authentic by David R. Sear (A.C.C.S. Ref. 501CR/GC/CO/CD)

Topalov Type: "Upright Anchor, a crab as an additional symbol and the letter A on the left or on the right - Full-face Gorgon's Head" Last Late Issues (450-425 B.C.)
Obv.: Upright anchor with large flukes and solid stock. An additional symbol of a crab viewed from above left and the letter A right (or visa versa) between the fluke and the stock.
Rev.: Full-face of a noble Gorgon's head with a low narrow forehead, projecting eyebrows and eyes, a short flat nose, abnormaly open mouth, long teeth and toungue. Human hair mixed with snakes with thin bodies. The image in a concave circle.
4 commentsJaimelai

Apollonia Pontica Topalov 44 - Silver Drachm450 – 424 B.C.
3.27 gm, 13.7 mm
Obv.: Anchor; A to right, crayfish to left.
Rev: Archaic Ionian Gorgon head facing with straight vertical hair with wavy bangs
Topalov Apollonia p. 588, 44;
Sear 1655;
BMC 15, p. 8 5-7& 9;
SNG BM Black Sea 153-6 & 158

Certified Authentic by David Sear (A.C.C.S. Ref. 502CR/GC/CO/CD)

Note: From same dies as the source coin of the series of cast fakes (see Fake Coin Reports)

Topalov Type 44: Upright Anchor - Gorgon's Head: Last Late Issues (450-424 B.C.)
Obv.: Upright anchor with large flukes and solid stock. An additional symbol of a crab viewed from above left between the fluke and the stock and the letter “A” right (or visa versa).
Rev.: Full-face of a noble Gorgon's head with a low narrow forehead, projecting eyebrows and eyes, a short flat nose, abnormally open mouth, long teeth and tongue. Human hair mixed with snakes with thin bodies. The image in a concave circle.
2 commentsJaimelai

Apollonia Pontica Topalov 44 - Silver Drachm450 – 424 B.C.
3.20 gm, 13 mm
Obv.: Anchor; A to left, crayfish to right
Rev.: Attic Gorgon head facing with straight vertical hair and wavy bangs, snaky ringlets circle face
Topalov Apollonia p.348, 11; p.588, 44

Topalov Type: Upright Anchor - Gorgon's Head: Last Late Issues (450-424 B.C.)
Obv.: Upright anchor with large flukes and solid stock. An additional symbol of a crab viewed from above left between the fluke and the stock and the letter “A” right (or visa versa).
Rev.: Full-face of a noble Gorgon's head with a low narrow forehead, projecting eyebrows and eyes, a short flat nose, abnormally open mouth, long teeth and tongue. Human hair mixed with snakes with thin bodies. The image in a concave circle.Jaimelai

Apollonia Pontica Topalov-102 - Bronze TetrachalkEnd of 2nd – Beginning of 1st century B.C.
5.58 gm, 18 mm.
Obv: Laurate head of Apollo right with hair in bun
Rev.: Upright anchor with thin flukes, its body represented as a sketch of two parallel lines and a thin straight stock; IH to left, crayfish to right.
Topalov Apollonia p. 626, 102, p.812

The letters "IH" replaced the "A" of Apollonia towards the end of the 2nd Century B.C. and is thought to be an abbreviation of IHTPOY (Healer) with the full meaning: “coins of the town of the god Healer”. The Healer or Bright Healer are epithets of Apollo.

Topalov Type 102: Bronze Tetrachalk(?) (end of the 2nd-beginning of the 1st c. B.C.) of the type “Apollo’s head with a bun of hair – upright anchor with thin flukes, IH, crab"
Obv.: Laurate head of Apollo right with hair in bun and a decorated ribbon
Rev.: Upright anchor with thin flukes, its body represented as a sketch of two parallel lines and a thin straight stock; IH to left, crayfish to right.
Jaimelai

Apollonia Pontica Topalov-102 - Bronze TetrachalkEnd of 2nd – beginning of 1st century B.C.
2.90 gm, 16.5 mm.
Obv: Laurate head of Apollo right with hair in bun and a decorated ribbon
Rev.: Upright anchor with thin flukes, its body represented as a sketch of two parallel lines and a thin straight stock; IH to left, crayfish to right.
Topalov Apollonia p. 626, 102, p.812

The letters IH replaced the A of Apollonia near the end of the 2nd century B.C. and is thought to be an abbreviation of IHTPOY (Healer) with the full meaning: “coins of the town of the god Healer”. The Healer or Bright Healer are epithets of Apollo.

Topalov Type 102: Bronze Tetrachalk(?) (end of the 2nd-beginning of the 1st c. B.C.) of the type “Apollo’s head with a bun of hair – upright anchor with thin flukes, IH, crab"
Obv.: Laurate head of Apollo right with hair in bun and a decorated ribbon
Rev.: Upright anchor with thin flukes, its body represented as a sketch of two parallel lines and a thin straight stock; IH to left, crayfish to right.
Jaimelai

Apollonia Pontica Topalov-102 - Bronze TetrachalkEnd of 2nd – beginning of 1st century B.C.
3.38 gm, 19.45 mm
Obv: Laurate head of Apollo right with hair in bun and a decorated ribbon
Rev.: Upright anchor with thin flukes, its body represented as a sketch of two parallel lines and a thin straight stock; IH to left, crayfish to right; Î›Î› beneath stock
Topalov Apollonia p.525-7, 1-6 var.; p.626-7, 102 var., p.812; HGC 1341; SNG Bulgaria 2, 479-480

The letters IH replaced the A of Apollonia near the end of the 2nd century B.C. and is thought to be an abbreviation of IHTPOY (Healer) with the full meaning: “coins of the town of the god Healer”. The Healer or Bright Healer are epithets of Apollo.

Topalov Type 102: Bronze Tetrachalk(?) (end of the 2nd-beginning of the 1st c. B.C.) of the type “Apollo’s head with a bun of hair – upright anchor with thin flukes, IH, crab"
Obv.: Laurate head of Apollo right with hair in bun and a decorated ribbon
Rev.: Upright anchor with thin flukes, its body represented as a sketch of two parallel lines and a thin straight stock; IH to left, crayfish to right.Jaimelai

Apollonia Pontica Topalov-102 - Bronze TetrachalkEnd of 2nd – Beginning of 1st century B.C.
4.87 gm, 17.6 mm.
Obv: Laurate head of Apollo right with hair in bun
Rev.: Upright anchor with thin flukes, its body represented as a sketch of two parallel lines and a thin straight stock; IH to left, crayfish to right.
Topalov Apollonia p. 626, 102, p.812;
HGC 3.2 1341;
SNG Bulgaria (Ruse) 2, 475-477

*ex-Forum MA91722*

The letters "IH" replaced the "A" of Apollonia towards the end of the 2nd Century B.C. and is thought to be an abbreviation of IHTPOY (Healer) with the full meaning: “coins of the town of the god Healer”. The Healer or Bright Healer are epithets of Apollo.

Topalov Type 102: Bronze Tetrachalk(?) (end of the 2nd-beginning of the 1st c. B.C.) of the type “Apollo’s head with a bun of hair – upright anchor with thin flukes, IH, crab"
Obv.: Laurate head of Apollo right with hair in bun and a decorated ribbon
Rev.: Upright anchor with thin flukes, its body represented as a sketch of two parallel lines and a thin straight stock; IH to left, crayfish to right.Jaimelai

Apollonia Pontica Topalov-102 - Bronze TetrachalkEnd of 2nd – Beginning of 1st century B.C.
4.87 gm, 17.6 mm.
Obv: Laurate head of Apollo right with hair in bun
Rev.: Upright anchor with thin flukes, its body represented as a sketch of two parallel lines and a thin straight stock; IH to left, crayfish to right.
Topalov Apollonia p. 626, 102, p.812;
HGC 3.2 1341;
SNG Bulgaria (Ruse) 2, 475-477

*ex-Forum MA91722*

Same coin as previous, but shot under OTT light only. Previous coin used two LED lamps.

The letters "IH" replaced the "A" of Apollonia towards the end of the 2nd Century B.C. and is thought to be an abbreviation of IHTPOY (Healer) with the full meaning: “coins of the town of the god Healer”. The Healer or Bright Healer are epithets of Apollo.

Topalov Type 102: Bronze Tetrachalk(?) (end of the 2nd-beginning of the 1st c. B.C.) of the type “Apollo’s head with a bun of hair – upright anchor with thin flukes, IH, crab"
Obv.: Laurate head of Apollo right with hair in bun and a decorated ribbon
Rev.: Upright anchor with thin flukes, its body represented as a sketch of two parallel lines and a thin straight stock; IH to left, crayfish to right.Jaimelai

Apollonia Pontica Topalov-102 - Bronze TetrachalkEnd of 2nd – Beginning of 1st century B.C.
3.91 gm, 18.1 mm.
Obv: Laurate head of Apollo right with hair in bun
Rev.: Upright anchor with thin flukes, its body represented as a sketch of two parallel lines and a thin straight stock; IH to left, crayfish to right.
Topalov Apollonia p. 626, 102, p.812;
HGC 3.2 1341;
SNG Bulgaria (Ruse) 2, 475-477

*ex-Forum GB91723*
"The letters appear to be NI or a NH monogram, but only IH is published. The type with IH is scarce. If this is NI or NH it is very rare, and apparently unpublished."

The letters "IH" replaced the "A" of Apollonia towards the end of the 2nd Century B.C. and is thought to be an abbreviation of IHTPOY (Healer) with the full meaning: “coins of the town of the god Healer”. The Healer or Bright Healer are epithets of Apollo.

Topalov Type 102: Bronze Tetrachalk(?) (end of the 2nd-beginning of the 1st c. B.C.) of the type “Apollo’s head with a bun of hair – upright anchor with thin flukes, IH, crab"
Obv.: Laurate head of Apollo right with hair in bun and a decorated ribbon
Rev.: Upright anchor with thin flukes, its body represented as a sketch of two parallel lines and a thin straight stock; IH to left, crayfish to right.
Jaimelai

Arkadia, Heraia, ca. mid-4th Century BC, Æ DichalkonHead of Athena wearing crested Attic helmet right.
Straight sided letter H.

HGC 5, 840 (this coin); BCD Peloponnesos 1367 (this coin); BMC 27; Traité 1020.

(15 mm, 2.70 g, 1h).
ex- BCD Collection: LHS 96 Lot 1367 (8 May 2006). Found near Phigaleia (in SW Arkadia) per BCD collection tag and acquired by BCD through exchange with AR in March 1994.

Heraia was a fortified city located in western Arkadia on the border with Elis. It was situated on one of the banks of the river Alpheios upstream from Olympia. Little is known of its history. The site of the ancient city was excavated in 1931, but it remains closed to the public. Phigaleia, where this coin was found, was a fortified city, located about 50 km due south of Heraia in one of the most elevated parts of the Peloponnesos. Phigaleia fell into decay under Roman rule in the third century AD.
n.igma

Artabanos II. 10 - 38 ADAR dr., 3,65gr, 19,4mm; Sellwood 63.12, Shore 347, Sunrise - ;
mint: Mithradatkert; axis: 12h;
obv.: bare-headed, left, w/4-strand diadem, 2 loops and 3 ribbons;medium-long, almost straight hair, mustache, long square-cut beard; earring, 3-turn necklace; tunic/cuirass; star over crescent in left upper field; dotted border 9 - 14h;
rev.: archer, right, on throne, w/bow in outstretched hand; below bow monogram; 4-line legend composed of V’s and Î›’s;

ex: J. Elsen, BEL, Vente 70, #321
Schatz

Artabanos II., 10 - 38 ADAR dr., 3,34gr, 20,3mm; Sellwood 63.6, Shore 341, Sunrise 412 (Artabanos IV);
mint: Ekbatana; axis: 12h;
obv.: bare-headed, left, w/4-strand diadem, 2 loops and 3 ribbons; medium-long, almost straight hair, mustache, long square-cut beard; earring, 3-turn necklace; tunic/cuirass; dotted border 8:30 - 15h;
rev.: archer, right, on throne, w/bow in vise-like outstretched hand; below bow monogram; 7-line legend: BΛCIΛEΩC BΛCIΛEΩN ΛPCΛNOΔ EVEPΓETO(V) ΔIXAIOV (E)ΠIΦΛNOYC ΦIΛEΛΛXOC.
Schatz

Artabanos II., 10 - 38 ADAR dr., 3,46gr, 22,9mm; Sellwood 63.6, Shore 345, Sunrise 412 (Artabanos IV.);
mint: Ekbatana; axis: 12h;
obv.: bare-headed, left, w/4-strand diadem, 2 loops and 3 ribbons; medium-long, almost straight hair, mustache, long square-cut beard; earring, 3-turn necklace; tunic/cuirass w/star on chest; dotted border 9:30 - 13:30h;
rev.: archer, right, on throne, w/bow in vise-like outstretched hand; below bow monogram; 7-line legend: BΛCIΛEΩ(C) BΛCIΛEΩN ΛPCΛ(KOV) EVEPΓPETO(V) ΔIXAIOV (E)ΠIΦΛNOYC (ΦIΛE)ΛΛXOC, plus one extra line, (E)ΠIΦΛNOYC, on the left side - possibly a remnant of a previous strike;

ex: Intercollecteur, FRA; ex: J. Elsen, Vente 66, 2001, # 374.
Schatz

Artabanos II., 10 - 38 ADAR dr., 3,06gr, 20,9mm; Sellwood 63.7, Shore 346, Sunrise - ;
mint: Rhagai (?); axis: 12h;
obv.: bare-headed, left, w/4-strand diadem, 2 loops and 3 ribbons; short, straight hair, mustache, beard off flan; earring, 3-turn necklace; dotted border 9 - 15:30h;
rev.: archer, right, on throne, w/bow in vise-like outstretched hand; below bow monogram; 5-line meaningless legend; perhaps a contemporary local imitation;

ex: Zurquieh Coins, UAE.
Schatz

Artabanos II., 10 - 38 ADAR dr., 3,73gr, 17,62mm; Sellwood 63.14, Shore 349, Sunrise - ;
mint: Nisa; axis: 12h;
obv.: bare-headed, left, w/4-strand diadem, 2 loops and 1 ribbon; long, straight hair, mustache, long beard; earring, necklace; star over crescent in left upper field; dotted border 9 - 15h;
rev.: archer, right, on throne, w/bow in outstretched hand; behind throne a crescent, below bow N(inverted) and I; meaningless legend consisting of V’s and Λ’s;
in: Parthika.fr, Les Différents Types;

ex: CNG e-Auction 215, # 316.
Schatz

Artabanos II., 10 - 38 ADAE dr., 3,59gr, 17,7mm; Sellwood 63.16, Shore-, Sunrise - , Koch Gr. 4, 18-21
mint: Margiane; axis: 12h;
obv.: bare-headed, left, w/diadem, 2 loops and 3 ribbons; medium-long, straight hair, mustache, long beard squared at the end; earring; star over crescent in left upper field; dotted border 11-16h;
rev.: archer, right, on throne, w/bow in outstretched hand; below bow monogram Π; meaningless legend;

ex: Pars Coins, CA.Schatz

Artabanos II., 10 - 38 ADAE11, 1,46gr., 11,09mm;
Sellw. 63.25, Shore 578;
mint: Ekbatana, axis: 12mm;
obv.: bare-headed, left, w/diadem, loop and ribbons; medium-long straight hair, mustache, beard;
rev.: amphora w/2 handles, oval dotted border 1 - 11h;
Schatz

Artabanos II., 10 - 38 ADAE12, 1,22gr., 11,73mm;
Sellw. 61.12, Shore 566;
mint: Ekbatana, axis: 12mm;
obv.: bare-headed, left, w/diadem, loop and ribbons; medium-long straight hair, mustache, long pointed beard;
rev.: kantharos, the letter A on the left side;

ex: Baltimore Coin ShowSchatz

Artabanos II., 10 - 38 ADAE13, 1,24gr., 12,81mm;
Sellw. 61.14, Shore --;
mint: Ekbatana, axis: 12mm;
obv.: bare-headed, left, w/diadem, loop and ribbons; medium-long straight hair, mustache, long pointed beard; 3-layer necklace; dotted border 9 - 12h;
rev.: crescent over star;

ex: art-archaic.
Schatz

Artabanos II., 10 - 38 ADAE13, 1,33gr., 12,71mm;
Sellw. 63.18, Shore 571/72;
mint: Ekbatana, axis: 12mm;
obv.: bare-headed, left, w/broad diadem; medium-long straight hair, mustache, medium-long straight beard square-cut at the end;
rev.: king, left, w/tiara, diadem, loop, and ribbons; medium-long wavy(?) hair, medium -long pointed beard; dotted border 11 - 18h;

a part of the flan on the left side is missing;

ex: intercollecteur, FRA.Schatz

Artabanos II., 10 - 38 ADAE10, 1,88gr., 9,8mm;
Sellw. 63.24, Shore 577;
mint: Ekbatana, axis: 12mm;
obv.: bare-headed, left, w/diadem; medium-long straight hair, mustache, medium-long straight beard square-cut at the end; 3-layer necklace;
rev.: griffin or eagle head, left, with 1 horizontal and 2 upright feathers (?); dotted border 7 - 17h;
a very thick flan;

ex: art-archaic, NED.
Schatz

Artabanos II., 10 - 38 ADAE9, 0,82gr., 9,2mm;
Sellw. 63.40, Shore --;
mint: Ekbatana, axis: 12mm;
obv.: bare-headed, left, w/diadem; medium-long straight hair, mustache, medium-long straight beard square-cut at the end;
rev.: fish standing upright;

ex: intercollecteur, FRA.
Schatz

Artabanos II., 10 - 38 ADAE10, 1,0gr., 9,7mm;
Sellw. 63.25, Shore 578;
mint: Ekbatana
obv.: bare-headed, left; mustache, medium-long beard represented by 5 vertical lines, medium-long straight hair, 3-layer necklace, earring;
rev.: possibly amphora;

This coin is difficult to attribute because of the rev. It could either be an amphora jug or a 3/4 goddess with a chunky torso. Open to reassignment.Schatz

Artabanos II., 10 - 38 ADAE dr., 3,74gr, 17,5mm; Sellwood 63.16, Shore 347, Sunrise - , Koch Gr. 4, 18-21
mint: Margiane; axis: 12h;
obv.: bare-headed, left, w/diadem, 2 loops and 3 ribbons; medium-long, straight hair, mustache, long beard squared at the end; earring; star over crescent in left upper field; dotted border 11-16h;
rev.: archer, right, on throne, w/bow in outstretched hand; below bow monogram Π; around the archer the letters I, E, O,Λ, and others;

ex: H. Hass, GER.
Schatz

Artabanos II., 10 - 38 ADAR dr., 3,26gr, 18,4mm; Sellwood 61.10, Shore -, Sunrise -;
mint: Mithradatkert; axis: 12h;
obv.: bare-headed, left, w/2-strand diadem, 2 loops and 3 ribbons; long, almost straight hair, mustache, long pointed beard; 3-turn necklace; tunic/cuirass; dotted border 12 - 18h;
rev.: archer, right, on throne, w/bow in vise-like outstretched hand; below bow monogram; legend only consisting of V’s and Λ’s:
1 commentsSchatz

Artabanos II., 10 - 38 ADAR dr., 3,84gr, 18,75mm; Sellwood 63.8, Shore -, Sunrise - ;
mint: Nisa; axis: 12h;
obv.: bare-headed, left, w/4-strand diadem, 2 loops and 3 ribbons; short, straight hair, mustache, long square-cut beard on receding chin; earring, 3-turn necklace; dotted border 9 - 14:00h;
rev.: archer, right, on throne, w/bow in vise-like outstretched hand; below bow monogram N; 5-line meaningless legend; perhaps a contemporary local imitation;Schatz

Artabanos II., 10 - 38 ADArtabanos II

AR dr., 3,09gr, 19,96mm; Sellwood 61.9, Shore 338, Sunrise -;
mint: Rhagai; axis: 12h;
obv.: bare-headed, left, w/4-strand diadem, 2 loops and 3 ribbons; long, almost straight hair, mustache, long tapered beard cut off at the end; 3-turn necklace;
rev.: archer, right, on throne, w/bow in vise-like outstretched hand; 7-line legend:
(B)ΛCILEΩC BΛCIΛEΩ(N) ΛPCΛKO(Y) (EYEPΓETOY) ΔIXΛIOY (EΠ)IΦΛKOY(C) (ΦIΛ)EΛΛH(NOC).

ex: Baldwin’s Auction 90, #1239 (ex: The David Sellwood Collection)
Schatz

Artabanos II., 10 - 38 ADAR dr., 3,84gr, 18,98mm; Sellwood 61.9, Shore 338, Sunrise -;
mint: Rhagai; axis: 12h;
obv.: bare-headed, left, w/4-strand diadem, 2 loops and 3 ribbons; long, almost straight hair, mustache, long tapered beard cut off at the end; 3-turn necklace;
rev.: archer, right, on throne, w/bow in vise-like outstretched hand; below bow monogram; 7-line legend: BΛCIL(EΩC) BΛCIΛEΩ(N) (ΛP)CΛKO(Y) EYEYΓIIT(OY) ΔIKIΛIOI EΠIΦΛKOYC (ΦI)ΛEΛΛHNO(C).

ex: Baldwin’s Auction 90, #1242 (ex: The David Sellwood Collection)
Schatz

Artabanos II., 10 - 38 ADAR dr., 3,33gr, 21,3mm; Sellwood 63.6, Shore 341, Sunrise 412 (Artabanos IV);
mint: Ekbatana; axis: 12h;
obv.: bare-headed, left, w/4-strand diadem, 2 loops and 3 ribbons; medium-long, almost straight hair, mustache, medium-long square-cut beard; earring, 3-turn necklace; tunic/cuirass w/star on chest; dotted border 8 - 15h;
rev.: archer, right, on throne, w/bow in vise-like outstretched hand; below bow monogram; 7-line legend: BΛC(IΛEΩC) BΛCIΛ(EΩN) (ΛP)CΛKO(V) EVEPΓETOV ΔIXAIOV EΠIΦΛNOYC ΦIΛEΛΛH(N)OC.

ex: J. Elsen, BEL.
Schatz

Artabanos II., 10 - 38 ADAR dr., 3,70gr, 18,5mm; Sellwood 63.12 or 16, Shore 348, Sunrise - ;
mint: Mithradatkert (?); axis: 12h;
obv.: bare-headed, left, w/4-strand diadem, 2 loops and 2 ribbons; medium-long, almost straight hair, mustache, long square-cut beard; earring, necklace; star over crescent in left upper field; dotted border 7 - 14:30h;
rev.: archer, right, on throne, w/bow in outstretched hand; below bow monogram (?); instead of legend dots all over;
an extraordinarily crude coin;

ex: Persepolis Galleries, UK.
Schatz

Artabanos II., 10 - 38 ADAE13, 1,37gr., 13,44mm;
Sellw. 63.20, Shore 574;
mint: Ekbatana, axis: 12mm;
obv.: bare-headed, left, w/diadem, bow and 2 ribbons; medium-long straight hair, mustache, long beard; 3 layer necklace, earring; dotted border 10 - 13h;
rev.: queen bust, right, w/crown/tiara, 2-layer necklace; complete dotted border;
Schatz

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