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Image search results - "Perga"

Perge, Pamphylia
Mid 3rd to 1st cent. BC
Obv: Cult image of Artemis Pergaia in two-columned aedicula
or shrine, with eagle in pediment, wings spread.
Rev: "APTEMIΔOΣ ΠEPΓAIAΣ"
Quiver of Artemis, bow diagonally
behind.
SNG Cop 308; SNG France 3, 373-378; SNG Pfalz 221-223mauseus

19mmareich

Pergamon, Philetairos (Circa 282-263 BC)Marvin D

7 GallienusGALLIENUS
Æ 10 Assaria of Pamphylia, Perge/Perga, 253-268. AD

Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right; I (mark of value) before / Zeus seated left, holding phiale and scepter; eagle at feet to left.

SNG France -; SNG Copenhagen -; SNG von Aulock -. VF

Not in references, but identical coin sold in CNG 217, Lot 283Sosius

98Trajan 98-117 AD
AE 15mm
Perga in Pamphyllia
Laureate bust right
Temple with two columns within which cult statue of Artemis of Perga; eagle in pediment
RPC 2688, SNG Cop 3151 commentsmauseus

AUGUSTUS. AR Cistophorus (3 denarii) of Pergamum. Struck c.19 - 18 B.C.Obverse: IMP IX TR PO V. Bare head of Augustus facing right.
Reverse: Triumphal arch surmounted by Augustus in facing triumphal quadriga; IMP IX TR POT V on architrave; S P R SIGNIS RECEPTIS in three lines within arch opening, standards at either side.
RIC I : 510 | BMC : 703 | RSC : 298.

This coin commemorates Augustus' triumphant agreement with the Parthians in 20 B.C. under which they returned the legionary standards captured from Crassus who was defeated and killed at Carrhae thirty-three years earlier (53 B.C.) Augustus installed these standards in the Temple of Mars Ultor.
The reverse of the coin shows the triumphal arch which was awarded to Augustus on the occasion of his recovery of the standards. This was the second triumphal arch awarded to Augustus and, like the earlier arch which had been constructed in 29 BC to honour his victory over Cleopatra, this second arch, which archaeological evidence suggests may actually have incorporated the first arch, stood in close proximity to the Temple of Divus Julius at the southern entrance to the Roman Forum.

This is the rarest cistophorus struck during the reign of Augustus with the exception of the exceedingly rare issues featuring a sphinx.6 comments*Alex

(0138) ANTONINUS PIUS138 - 161 AD
AE 19.6 X 21 mm; 4.64 g
struck ca. 144-158
O: [ΑV ΤΙ ΑΙ ΑΔΡ ΑΝΤΩΝ]ƐΙΝΟС laureate head of Antoninus Pius, r.
R: ƐΠΙ СΤΡ ΚοV[ΑΡΤοV ΤΟ Β ΠƐΡΓ(Α)] Asclepius standing, facing, head, l., holding serpent-staff
Conventus of Pergamum; RPC 3192 temp.;cf. Weisser 580, Cop 482-3, BMC 280

laney

(0253) GALLIENUS253 - 268 AD
AE 30 mm 14.90 g
O: AVG KAIPBAIGALLIHN[OCER] laureate draped cuirassed bust right
R: PER GAI WN three purses on top of prize chest
PAMPHYLIA, PERGA; SNG COP 355; Rarelaney

(0253) GALLIENUS253 - 268 AD
Æ (10 Assaria) 30 mm, 13.43 g.
O: ΑVΤ ΚΑΙ ΠΟΛΙ ΓΑΛΛΙΗΝΟC CЄΒ, laureate & draped bust of Gallienus right, “I” (mark of value) before bust
R: ΠЄPΓ AIΩN, Tyche standing left, holding rudder on globe and cornucopia
LYCIA-PAMPHYLIA, PERGA; cf. SNG Von Aulock 4719; SNG Copenhagen 357laney

(0253) GALLIENUS253 - 268 AD
AE (10 assaria) 28 mm; 15.26 g
O: AVT KAI PO LI GALLIHNO CEB, laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right. Value mark I to right
R: ΠEΡ Γ AIΩN, Nike advancing left, holding wreath and palm.
Pamphylia, Perga; SNG von Aulock 4720; SNG Cop 356; SNG Pfalz 419laney

(0253) GALLIENUS -- PAMPHYLIA AE 30 mm 14.90 g
253 - 268 AD
OBV. AVG KAIPBAIGALLIHN[OCER]
LAUR DR CUIR BUST OF GALLIENUS, R
REV: PER GAI WN
3 PURSES ON TOP OF PRIZE CHEST
PAMPHYLIA, PERGA
SNG COP 355 RARElaney

002 Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), RIC I 490, Uncertain, Asia, Pergamum(?), AR-Cistophoric Tetradrachm, AVGV-STVS, Bunch of six ears of corn, Rare!002 Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), RIC I 490, Uncertain, Asia, Pergamum(?), AR-Cistophoric Tetradrachm, AVGV-STVS, Bunch of six ears of corn, Rare!
avers: IMP CAESAR, Beared head right, lituus to right.
reverse: No legend, AVGV STVS across fields, Bunch of six ears of corn.
exergue: AVGV/STVS//--, diameter: 28,5mm, weight: 10,16g, axis: h,
mint: City: Cistophoric mint, Region: Uncertain, Province: Asia, date: (Issue: Sutherland group III–IV (Pergamum?)) 27-26 B.C.,
ref: RIC I 490, C-32a?, Sutherland group IIIÎ³, nos. 106–15, RPC I (online) 2209, only 10 specimens, Rare!
Q-001quadrans

002 Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), RIC I 493, Uncertain, Asia, Pergamum(?), AR-Cistophoric-Tetradrachm, AVGVSTVS, Capricorn right, laurel wreath around, #1002 Augustus (63 B.C.-14 A.D.), RIC I 493, Uncertain, Asia, Pergamum(?), AR-Cistophoric-Tetradrachm, AVGVSTVS, Capricorn right, laurel wreath around, #1
avers: IMP•CAE SAR, Bare head of Augustus right.
reverse: AVGVSTVS, Capricorn right with head left, holding cornucopia, laurel wreath around.
exergue: -/-//AVGVSTVS, diameter: 26,2-27,2mm, weight: 11,52g, axes: 12h,
mint: City: Cistophoric mint, Region: Uncertain, Province: Asia, date: Issue: Sutherland group III–IV (Pergamum?) 27-26 B.C.,
ref: RIC I 493, RSC 16, BMCRE 696, Sutherland group IVÎ², RPC I (online) 2211, 15 specimens, Scarce!
Q-0014 commentsquadrans

002a01. AugustusEmperor 27 BC-14 AD
Coin: AR cistophorus. 27mm, 11.48 gm. Pergamum mint, ca. 19-18 BC. Obv: IMP•IX•TR•PO•V, bust of Augustus R; Rev: S•P•R•
SIGNIS / RECEPTIS, legend in opening of triumphal arch decorated with aquila on each wall and inscribed IMP•IX•TR•POT•V and surmounted by halted quadriga right with charioteer. RIC I 510.lawrence c

002a2. AugustusAugustus
Pergamon, Mysia. AE 19. 98-117 AD.
21mm, 7.54 g. AYTOKΡATOΡA CEBACTON KAICAΡA, laureate head right / CEBACTON ΠEΡΓAMHNOI, tetrastyle temple with statue of Augustus within.
RPC 2356lawrence c

002d. Julia and Livia, Pergamon, MysiaBronze AE 18, RPC I 2359, SNG Cop 467, aF, weight 3.903 g, maximum diameter 18.3 mm, die axis 0o, Pergamon mint, obverse ΛIBIAN HPAN CAPINOΣ, draped bust of Livia right; reverse IOYΛIAN AΦPO∆ITHN, draped bust of Julia right; ex Forum, ex Malter Galleries

Julia was Augustus' only natural child, the daughter of his second wife Scribonia. She was born the same day that Octavian divorced Scribonia, to marry Livia.

Julia's tragic destiny was to serve as a pawn in her father's dynastic plans. At age two, she was betrothed to Mark Antony's ten-year-old son, but the fathers' hostility ended the engagement. At age 14, she was married to her cousin but he died two years later. In 21 B.C., Julia married Agrippa, nearly 25 years her elder, Augustus' most trusted general and friend. Augustus had been advised, "You have made him so great that he must either become your son-in-law or be slain." Agrippa died suddenly in 12 B.C. and Julia was married in 11 B.C. to Tiberius.

During her marriages to Agrippa and Tiberius Julia took lovers. In 2 B.C., Julia was arrested for adultery and treason. Augustus declared her marriage null and void. He also asserted in public that she had been plotting against his own life. Reluctant to execute her, Augustus had her exiled, with no men in sight, forbidden even to drink wine. Scribonia, Julia's mother, accompanied her into exile. Five years later, she was allowed to move to Rhegium but Augustus never forgave her. When Tiberius became emperor, he cut off her allowance and put her in solitary confinement in one room in her house. Within months she died from malnutrition.ecoli

002f1. Julia AE18 of Pergamum, Mysia. Before 2 BC. 18mm, 3.69 g. Obverse: ΛIBIAN HPAN XAPINOΣ, draped bust of Livia right. Reverse: IOVΛIAN AΦPOΔITHN, draped bust of Julia right. RPC 2359.lawrence c

019 - LIVIA DRVSILLALivia

Livia Drusilla was the wife of the Roman emperor Augustus throughout his reign, as well as his adviser.

for obverse, reverse and coin details click here
shanxi

02-02 - Antioco I Soter (281 - 261 A.C.)Después de la muerte de Alejandro Magno, sus generales se repartieron el imperio, siendo protagonistas durante veinte años de grandes luchas y peleas por obtener el poder. Fueron los llamados diádocos, (Î´Î¹Î¬Î´Î¿Ï‡Î¿Î¹) o sucesores. La lucha entre ellos para obtener el poder y la hegemonía duró casi cincuenta años, hasta el 281 adC en que murió el último de los diádocos, Seleuco I Nikátor. Después de estos antiguos generales gobernaron los llamados epígonos (ÎµÏ€Î¯Î³Î¿Î½Î¿Î¹), que significa los nacidos después.
Antíoco I Sóter (que quiere decir 'salvador') (324 adC-261 adC) era hijo del fundador de la dinastía Seléucida, Seleuco I Nicátor y de Apame, princesa sogdiana y nieta de Espitamenes. Se casó con su madrastra, Estratónice. Era uno de estos epígonos a que se refiere la Historia. Se le conoce sobre todo por su triunfo frente a los gálatas en Asia Menor (pueblo galo procedente de Europa que se asentó aquí en el siglo III adC), cuya invasión supo detener a tiempo. Los gálatas venían de una expedición contra los griegos y habían sido vencidos por ellos. Pero al amparo de esta invasión frustrada se fueron formando pequeños Estados independientes que se irán consolidando durante los reinados de los reyes sucesores de Antíoco. Fue enemigo de otro de los epígonos, Ptolomeo II de Egipto y en las luchas que mantuvo contra él Antíoco perdió grandes extensiones de terreno además de que el rey egipcio consiguiera también la hegemonía sobre el mar Mediterráneo. Murió en combate durante la guerra que mantuvo contra Eumenes I, gobernador del reino de Pérgamo en Asia Menor. A Antíoco I le sucedió su hijo Antíoco II Teos (el dios).(Wikipedia)
AE 17 mm 5.8 gr.

Anv: Busto con diadema viendo a derecha.
Rev: "BAÎ£IÎ›EÎ©Î£ ANTIOXOY" - Zeus de pié de frente viendo a izquierda sosteniendo estrella ? en mano derecha extendida y cetro en izquierda.

Ceca: Antioquía en Orontes
Referencias: mdelvalle

021 - IVLIAJulia

Julia the Elder, known to her contemporaries as Julia Caesaris filia or Julia Augusti filia was the daughter of Augustus, and his second wife, Scribonia.

for obverse, reverse and coin details click here
shanxi

027a13. CaracallaPerga, Pamphylia. 17mm, 4.18 g. Obv: Laureate bust right. Rev: ΠEΡΓAIΩN Artemis standing right with bow and arrow.
lawrence c

0383 Pergamon - AE 21c. 2nd century BC
head of Athena right wearing Corinthian helmet
trophy
AΘHNAΣ / NIKHΦOPOY
ΠEPΓ ?
Sear 3960; SNGCop 393ff, SNGvA 1374
5,6g 20mmJ. B.

041bp Commodus (166-180 A.D. as Caesar, 180-192 A.D. as Augustus), Mysia, Pergamon, Weisser 1110, Diodorus, strategus, EΠI CTRΑ-ΔIOΔOPΩV_ΠEPΓAMH/ΝΩN, Asclepius seated left, 041bp Commodus (166-180 A.D. as Caesar, 180-192 A.D. as Augustus), Mysia, Pergamon, Weisser 1110, Diodorus, strategus, Asia: Conventus of Pergamum; Mysia, EΠI-CTRΑ-ΔIOΔOPΩV_ΠEPΓAMH/ΝΩN, Asclepius seated left, holding patera feeding serpent,
avers:- AV-KA-AVP-ΚΟMOΔOC, Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
revers:- EΠI-CTRΑ-ΔIOΔOPΩV_ΠEPΓAMH/ΝΩN, Asclepius seated, left, feeding serpent from patera, holding staff.
exe: -/-//--, diameter: 30mm, weight: 11,24g, axis: 6h,
mint: Pergamum; Asia: Conventus of Pergamum; Mysia, date: 182-184 A.D., ref: Weisser 1110,
Q-001quadrans

05-02 - Seleuco III, Soter Cerauno (226 - 223 A.C.)Seleuco III Sóter Cerauno (? - 223 adC). Rey de la dinastía seleúcida, hijo mayor de Seleuco II Calinico, a quien sucedió. Su apelativo Cerauno significa “el Rayo”. Su reinado fue breve (apenas tres años, desde el 225 adC). Decidió llevar a cabo el plan que su padre no pudo realizar en vida: enfrentar al rey Atalo I de Pérgamo, aliado de Antioco Hierax, hermano de Seleuco Calinico y tio suyo, el cual había muerto hace poco, pero que había ayudado a Atalo, quien había aprovechado la situación para expandir sus fronteras y conquistar toda el Asia Menor.
En el transcurso de esta campaña realizada en la región del Tauro, Seleuco III murió asesinado víctima de la traición de uno de sus oficiales llamado Nicanor, en complicidad con el galo Apaturios (223 adC).
Fue sucedido por su hermano Antíoco III Megas, contando con el apoyo de Aqueo, pariente del difunto rey quien había tenido gran influencia durante su reinado. Aqueo rechazó la corona que le ofrecieron las tropas y prefirió gobernar como regente del imperio. Nombró a Molón gobernador de las provincias superiores y él se reservó el Asia Menor; combatió con éxito contra Atalo I y lo confinó en Pérgamo, de modo que suyo fue el mérito de ganar la guerra que había empezado Seleuco III. (Wikipedia)
AE 12 mm 2.0 gr.

Anv: Busto de Artemisa viendo a der. Grafila de puntos.
Rev: "BAÎ£IÎ›EÎ©Î£ Î£EÎ›EYKOY" - Apolo sentado a izquierda en ónfalo (Piedra semicilíndrica centro del culto de Apolo en Delfos, fetiche de basalto y altar de la madre tierra de la religión micénica) con flecha en mano derecha levantada y apoyando la izquierda en un arco. "CE / Î›" en campo izquierdo y "AP" (Monograma) en exergo.

Ceca: Antioquía en Orontes

Referencias: B.M.C. Vol.4 (Seleucid Kings of Syria) #8 Pag.22 - Sear GCTV Vol.2 #6929 Pag.646 - SNG Spaer #518 - Newell E.T. (Western Seleucid Mints) #1036mdelvalle

08-02 - Antioco IV, Epiphanes (175 - 164 A.C.)Antíoco IV Epífanes (Î‘Î½Ï„Î¯Î¿Ï‡Î¿Ï‚ Î•Ï€Î¹Ï†Î±Î½Î®Ï‚ en griego, 215 adC-163 adC) fue rey de Siria de la dinastía Seléucida desde c. 175 adC-164 adC.
Era hijo de Antíoco III Megas y hermano de Seleuco IV Filopator. Originalmente fue llamado Mitríades, pero adoptó el nombre de Antíoco tras su ascensión al trono (o quizás tras la muerte de su hermano mayor, también Antíoco).
Subió al trono tras la muerte de su hermano Seleuco IV Filopátor que gobernó durante poco tiempo antes que él, hasta que Heliodoro, tesorero suyo, lo mató por ambición. Había vivido en Roma según los términos de la paz de Apamea (188 adC), pero acababa de ser intercambiado por el hijo y legítimo heredero de Seleuco IV, el futuro (Demetrio I Sóter). Antíoco se aprovechó de la situación, y junto con su otro hermano Antíoco, se proclamó rey con el apoyo de Eumenes II de Pérgamo y el hermano de éste, Atalo I. Su hermano Antíoco sería asesinado pocos años después.
Por su enfrentamiento con Ptolomeo VI, que reclamaba Coele-Syria, atacó e invadió Egipto, conquistando casi todo el país, con la salvedad de la capital, Alejandría. Llegó a capturar al rey, pero para no alarmar a Roma, decicidió reponerlo en el trono, aunque como su marioneta. Sin embargo, los alejandrinos habían elegido al hermano de éste, Ptolomeo VII Euergetes como rey, y tras su marcha decidieron reinar conjuntamente. Esto le obligó a reinvadir el país, y así el 168 adC, repitiendo la invasión, con su flota conquistaba Chipre. Cerca de Alejandría se encontró con el cónsul romano Cayo Popilio Laenas, instó a abandonar Egipto y Chipre. Cuando Antíoco replicó que debía consultarlo con su consejo, Popilio trazó un círculo en la arena rodeándole y le dijo: "píensalo aquí". Viendo que abandonar el círculo sin haber ordenado la retirada era un desafío a Roma decidió ceder con el fin de evitar una guerra.
A su regreso, organizó una expedición contra Jerusalén, qué saqueo cruelmente. Según él Libro de los Macabeos, promulgó varias ordenanzas de tipo religioso: trató de suprimir el culto a Yahveh, prohibió el judaísmo suspendiendo toda clase de manifestación religiosa y trató de establecer el culto a los dioses griegos. Pero el sacerdote judío Matatías y sus dos hijos llamados Macabeos consiguieron levantar a la población en su contra y lo expulsaron. La fiesta judía de Jánuca conmemora este hecho.
Antíoco, en campaña contra el Imperio Parto, envió varios ejércitos sin éxito. Mientras organizaba una expedición punitiva para retomar Israel personalmente le sobrevino la muerte. Le sucedió su hijo Antíoco V Eupátor.
Su reinado fue la última época de fuerza y esplendor para el Imperio Seleúcida, que tras su muerte se vio envuelto en devastadoras guerras dinásticas. (Wikipedia)

AE (Canto aserrado) 15 mm 3.5 gr.

Anv: Busto velado de Laodicea IV (Esposa de Seleuco IV y Hermana de Antíoco IV) viendo a der. Grafila de puntos.
Rev: "BAÎ£IÎ›EÎ©Î£ ANTIOXOY" - Cabeza de elefante a izquierda, proa de galera a izquierda (El elefante simboliza las aspiraciones orientales de los reyes de Seleucia además de ser una de las grandes armas de su arsenal y la proa su importancia como ciudad puerto).

Ceca: Seleucia de Pieria (Costa N. de Siria - Puerto de Antioquía) o Akke Ptolomais

Referencias : B.M.C. Vol.4 (Seleucid Kings of Syria) #3 Pag.43 - SC#1477.2 - Houghton #113 - HGS #684-6 Pag.9 - SNG Spaer #1017-40 - SNG Cop #184 - Hoover #685 1 commentsmdelvalle

0968 Hadrian, Cistophorus BITHYNIA Koinon of Bithynia mint, TempleReference.
RPC III, 968; RIC II 461b; Metcalf, Cistophori, type B1; RSC 240b; Pinder 100

Issue Reverse legend includes COM BIT

Obv. IMP CAES TRA HADRIANO AVG P P
Laureate head right

Rev. COM - BIT (in field), ROM S P AVG (in entablature)
Octastyle temple on podium of three steps

10.52 gr
27 mm
6 h

Note.

The temple depicted is that of Roma and Augustus erected by the koinon of Bithynia at Nicomedia, of which no archaeological remains have been discovered.

Cistophori were produced in the name of the Commune Bithyniae only once, under Hadrian. The inscription on the frieze, reconstructed as ROM(ae) S(enatui) P(opulo) AVG(usto) and translated as "To Rome, the Senate, the People, and Augustus" tentatively identifies the building as a temple of Rome and Augustus at Nicomedia. No archaeological remains of this structure have as yet been found, and reconstructions of it are based entirely on the second century numismatic evidence. Both Tacitus and Dio Cassius report that in 19 BC Augustus did authorize the construction of a temple to Rome and himself at Pergamum, an event commemorated on his cistophori there. No such evidence for a temple at Nicomedia occurs earlier than this cistophorus.1 commentsokidoki

0969 Hadrian, Cistophorus BITHYNIA Koinon of Bithynia mint, TempleReference.
RPC III, 969; RIC II 461b; Metcalf Metcalf B2

Issue Reverse legend includes COM BIT

Obv. IMP CAES TRA HADRIANO AVG P P
Laureate head right

Rev. COM - BIT (in field), ROM S P AVG (in entablature)
Octastyle temple on podium of three steps; three pellets in pediment

10.52 gr
27 mm
6h

Note.

The temple depicted is that of Roma and Augustus erected by the koinon of Bithynia at Nicomedia, of which no archaeological remains have been discovered.

Cistophori were produced in the name of the Commune Bithyniae only once, under Hadrian. The inscription on the frieze, reconstructed as ROM(ae) S(enatui) P(opulo) AVG(usto) and translated as "To Rome, the Senate, the People, and Augustus" tentatively identifies the building as a temple of Rome and Augustus at Nicomedia. No archaeological remains of this structure have as yet been found, and reconstructions of it are based entirely on the second century numismatic evidence. Both Tacitus and Dio Cassius report that in 19 BC Augustus did authorize the construction of a temple to Rome and himself at Pergamum, an event commemorated on his cistophori there. No such evidence for a temple at Nicomedia occurs earlier than this cistophorus.3 commentsokidoki

1-1-1 - AUGUSTO (27 A.C. â€“ 14 D.C.) MYSIA Pergamun
Procónsul PLAUTIUS SILVANUS

AE 19 mm 5.7 gr

Anv: ”Î£IÎ›BANON Î EPÎ“AMHNOI” – Silvanus vestido con toga siendo coronado por una figura masculina vistiendo ropas militares y coraza.
Rev: ”Î£EBAÎ£TON (sobre el templo) Î”HMOÎ¦Î©N” (debajo) – Estatua de Augustus dentro de un Templo (tetrástilo)con 4 columnas y 3 escalones.

Acuñada: aproximadamente 1 D.C.

Referencias: RPC #2364 – SNG France #2016-21mdelvalle

12-01 - ANTONIA (36 A.C. - 37 D.C.)AE Dupondio 27 mm 10.2 gr. (IMITACIÓN PROVINCIAL)
Hija de Marco Antonio y Octavia, nieta de Augusto, esposa de Nero Claudius Drusus y madre de Germánico y Claudio. Emisión póstuma acuñada por su hijo Claudio

Anv: "ANTONIA [AVG]VSTA" - Busto vestido viendo a derecha.
Rev: "TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG PM [TR P] IMP - S C" - Claudio de pié a izquierda, vistiendo toga y velo, portando Simpulum en mano derecha extendida y pergamino enrollado en izquierda.

Acuñada 41 - 42 D.C.
Ceca: Inicialmente acreditada por mí a Roma, pero finalmente corregida esta acreditación por el Sr. Curtis Clay como una imitación Provincial.

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #92 Pag.127 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 (Claudius) #1902 Pag.375 - BMCRE #166 - Cohen Vol.1 #6 Pag.223 - DVM #3 Pag.77 - CBN (Claudius) #143 - Von Kaenel Tipo 15 #292 (V216/R262)mdelvalle

12-1 - ANTONIA (36 A.C. - 37 D.C.)AE Dupondio 27 mm 10.2 gr. (IMITACIÓN PROVINCIAL)
Hija de Marco Antonio y Octavia, nieta de Augusto, esposa de Nero Claudius Drusus y madre de Germánico y Claudio. Emisión póstuma acuñada por su hijo Claudio

Anv: "ANTONIA [AVG]VSTA" - Busto vestido viendo a derecha.
Rev: "TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG PM [TR P] IMP - S C" - Claudio de pié a izquierda, vistiendo toga y velo, portando Simpulum en mano derecha extendida y pergamino enrollado en izquierda.

Acuñada 41 - 42 D.C.
Ceca: Inicialmente acreditada por mí a Roma, pero finalmente corregida esta acreditación por el Sr. Curtis Clay como una imitación Provincial.

Referencias: RIC Vol.1 #92 Pag.127 - Sear RCTV Vol.1 (Claudius) #1902 Pag.375 - BMCRE #166 - Cohen Vol.1 #6 Pag.223 - DVM #3 Pag.77 - CBN (Claudius) #143 - Von Kaenel Tipo 15 #292 (V216/R262)mdelvalle

1322 Hadrian, Cistophorus MYSIA Pergamum mint Legionary eagle between standardsReference.
RPC III, 1322; Metcalf 1; RIC II 517

Obv. HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS P P
Bare head, draped bust right

Rev. COS III
Legionary eagle between standards with Vexillum

10.21 gr
28 mm
12h1 commentsokidoki

1323 Hadrian, Cistophorus MYSIA Pergamum mint, bundle of six grain stalksReference.
RPC III, 1323; Metcalf 2; RIC 518; C. 440

Obv. HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS P P
Bare head, draped bust right, seen from

Rev. COS III
Bundle of six grain stalks

10.96 gr
28 mm
12hokidoki

1324 Hadrian, Cistophorus MYSIA Pergamum mint Asclepius standingReference.
RPC III, 1324/9; Metcalf 3

Obv. HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS P P
Bare head, draped bust right, wearing paludamentum

Rev. COS III
Asclepius standing l. holding serpent-wreathed rod on ground in r., l. arm at side

10.64 gr
28 mm
6h2 commentsokidoki

14. Rhodes: Tetradrachm in the name of Alexander the Great.Tetradrachm, ca 201 - 190 BC, Rhodes mint.
Obverse: Head of Alexander as Herakles, wearing lion's skin headdress.
Reverse: ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ / Zeus sitting, holding his attendant eagle and sceptre. ΔΑΜΑΤΡΙΟΣ and rosebud at left, ΡΟ under throne.
16.89 gm., 32 mm.
P. #2521; M. #1162.

In 202 - 201 BC, Philip V of Macedon was threatening the cities of Asia Minor. Pergamum and Rhodes were political and military rivals, but they were allies against this common aggressor. Each city struck coins of the Alexander type so that the fleet and army assembled in this alliance could be paid in a common currency. By 190 BC old animosities reemerged and the joint coinage ended.Callimachus

1726 MYSIA, Pergamum Hadrian, Zeus standingReference.
RPC III, 1726;

Magistrate Cl. Cephaliôn (to b, strategos)

Obv. ΑΥ ΚΑΙ ΝΕΡ ΤΡΑ(ΙΑ) ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС
Laureate bust right, seen from front
Countermarks.
a wreath (Howgego 480).
a helmeted bust of Athena right (Howgego 185).

Rev. ΠΕΡΓΑΜΗ ΕΠΙ СΤΡΑ ΚΛ ΚΕΦΑΛΙΩΝΟС, ΤΟ Β (in field, l.)
Zeus naked standing facing, his r. hand on his hip from which falls a drapery, holding thunderbolt in his l. hand; at his feet, r., eagle standing facing, head l., a wreath in its beak
Countermark.
Telesphoros/telesphorus (Howgego, Greek Imperial Countermarks, 267)

15.67 gr
30 mm
6hokidoki

1726 MYSIA, Pergamun Hadrian, 118 AD Zeus standingReference.
RPC III, 1726/6;

Magistrate Cl. Cephaliôn (to b, strategos)

Obv. ΑΥ ΚΑΙ ΝΕΡ ΤΡΑ(ΙΑ) ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС
Laureate and cuirassed bust of Hadrian, r., with paludamentum

Rev. ΠΕΡΓΑΜΗ ΕΠΙ СΤΡΑ ΚΛ ΚΕΦΑΛΙΩΝΟС, ΤΟ Β (in field, l.)
Zeus naked standing facing, his r. hand on his hip from which falls a drapery, holding thunderbolt in his l. hand; at his feet, r., eagle standing facing, head l., a wreath in its beak

17.06 gr
29 mm
12h1 commentsokidoki

1731 MYSIA, Pergamun Hadrian, 118 AD Hermes standingReference.
RPC III, 1731/11; SNG France 2089; BMC 271-3

http://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/coins/3/1731/11/

Magistrate Cl. Cephaliôn (to b, strategos)

Obv. ΑΥ ΚΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟ
Laureate head of Hadrian, r., with drapery on l. shoulder

Rev. ΠΕΡΓΑ ΕΠΙ СΤ(Ρ) ΚΛ ΚΕΦΑΛ, ΤΟ Β (in field, l.)
Male figure (Hermes?) naked standing facing, head l., holding ram’s head in his outstretched r. hand, chlamys over l. arm

4.57 gr
21 mm
12hokidoki

1732 MYSIA, Pergamun Hadrian 118 AD Hygieia standingReference.
RPC III, 1732/4

Magistrate Cl. Cephaliôn (to b, strategos)

Obv. ΑΥΤΟ ΚΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟ
laureate head of Hadrian, r., with drapery on l. shoulder

Rev. ΠΕΡΓΑ ΕΠΙ СΤΡΑ ΚΛ ΚΕΦΑΛΙΩΝΟС, ΤΟ Β (in field, left.)
Hygieia standing r., feeding serpent from patera held in l

4.29 gr
19 mm
12hokidoki

1733 MYSIA, Pergamum Hadrian, Telesphoros standingReference.
RPC III, 1733; SNG France 2093

Magistrate Cl. Cephaliôn (to b, strategos)

Obv. ΑΥΤΟ ΚΑΙ ΝΕΡ ΤΡ ΑΔΡΙΑ
Laureate head of Hadrian, r., with drapery on l. shoulder

Rev. ΠEPΓAM KAKEΦ TOB on left in feild.
Telesphoros standing facing, wrapped in long garments.

3.26 gr
16 mm
1 commentsokidoki

1734 MYSIA, Pergamun Hadrian 118 AD Telesphoros standingReference.
RPC III, 1734; BMC 270, SNG France 2091-2

Magistrate Cl. Cephaliôn (to b, strategos)

Obv. ΑΥ ΚΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟ
Laureate, bust right, drapery on left shoulder, baldric strap around back of neck and across chest.

Rev. ΠΕΡΓΑ СΤΡ ΚΛ ΚΕΦΑΛΙΩ, ΤΟ Β (in field, r.)
Telesphorus wearing mantle with hood standing facing

2.77 gr
16 mm
12hokidoki

1734 MYSIA, Pergamun Hadrian AE 16 118 AD Telesphoros standing Reference.
RPC III, 1734; BMC 270, SNG France 2091-2

http://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/coins/3/1734/

Magistrate Cl. Cephaliôn (to b, strategos)

Obv. ΑΥ ΚΑΙ ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟC (sic)
Laureate head of Hadrian, r., with drapery on l. shoulder.

Rev. ΠΕΡΓ СΤΡΑ ΚΛ ΚΕΦΑΛΙΩΝΟ, ΤΟ Β (in field, r.)
Telesphorus wearing mantle with hood standing facing

2.92 gr
16 mm
12hokidoki

1741 MYSIA, Pergamon Pseudo-autonomous under Hadrian 134 AD nude maleReference.
RPC III, 1741/23; BMC 227-30, Cop 448-50, SNG France 1953-6

Magistrate I. Pôlliôn (strategos)

Obv. ΠΕΡΓΑΜΗΝΩΝ
Helmeted head of Athena, right; with snake aegis

Rev. CTP I ΠOΛΛIΩNOC
Nude male youth standing facing, his r. hand raised, holding uncertain object in l.

2.59 gr
17 mm
12h2 commentsokidoki

1748 MYSIA, Pergamon, Pseudo-autonomous under HadrianReference.
RPC III, 1748; BMC Mysia p. 135 221;

Obv. ΘEON CΥN-KΛHTON
Draped bust of the (male) Senate right

Rev. ΘEAN ΡΩ-MHN
Turreted and draped (female) bust of Roma right, Monogram in front

3.21 gr
18 mm.okidoki

1885 AEOLIS, Elaea. Hadrian, Basket with PoppiesReference.
RPC III, 1885; Sear 1161v; BMC 42 (pag. 129); SNGvA 1611; SNG Munchen 424, SNG Cop -

Obv. ΑΥΤΟ ΤΡΑΙ ΑΔΡΙ
Laureate, draped & cuirassed bust right.

Rev. ΕΛΑΙΤΩΝ
Basket containing ears of corn & poppy-heads.

3.20 gr
16 mm
12h

Note.
FORVM, from the Butte College Foundation, ex Lindgren

laea was the ancient port of Pergamum, located near the modern town of Zeytindag, Izmir Province, Turkey. The name of Elaea occurs in the history of the kings of Pergamum. According to Strabo, from Livy (xxxv. 13), travelers who would reach Pergamum from the sea, would land at Elaea. One of the passages of Livy shows that there was a small hill near Elaea, and that the town was in a plain and walled. Elaea was damaged by an earthquake in the reign of Trajan, at the same time that Pitane suffered. The ruins of the silted port's breakwater can be seen on satellite photos.1 commentsokidoki

2 Pergamon Mysia BronzePergamon 2 coins, nice martial types; 1) Athena / Nike, 2) Athena / Trophy of Armor
ex FORVMPhiloromaos

202. CARACALLACARACALLA. 198-217 AD.

The emperor visited Alexandria for intellectual and religious reasons, staying at the Serapeum and being present at the temple's sacrifices and cultural events. Earlier, during the German war, the emperor visited the shrine of the Celtic healing-god Grannus. Caracalla also visited the famous temple of Asclepius in Pergamum and fully participated in its program, which involved sleeping inside the temple compound and having his dreams interpreted.

It was this religious devotion that led to Caracalla's murder in 217. Although suspicious of the praetorian prefect Macrinus, Caracalla allowed himself to be accompanied by only a small, select corps of bodyguards on an early spring trip from the camp at Edessa to the temple of the moon-god at Carrhae, about 25 miles away. During the journey back on 8 April 217, Caracalla was killed. The returning guards claimed the emperor was ambushed while defecating, and that the alleged assassin was one of their own, a soldier named Martialis. Martialis was himself killed by the avenging guards, or so the story went. Suspicion was strong that Macrinus arranged the entire affair.

Caracalla's violent end seemed appropriate for an emperor who, early in his reign, had his own brother killed. Yet the moralizing about fratricide by both ancient and modern historians obscures the energetic, reformist and even intellectual character of Caracalla's reign. Some of the reforms, especially the pay raise for soldiers, would prove burdensome for future emperors, but the changes brought about in the little more than five years of Caracalla's sole rule would have long-lasting implications throughout the empire for generations to come.

AR Denarius (19mm, 3.11 gm). Struck 215 AD. ANTONINVS PIVS AVG GERM, laureate head right / P M TR P XVIII COS IIII PP, Sol standing left, radiate, raising right hand and holding globe. RIC IV 264a; BMCRE 139; RSC 288. EF
Ex - CNG2 commentsecoli

215 AD - CARACALLA as obv: ANTONINVS.PIVS.AVG.GERM
rev:PM.TRP.XVIII.COS.IIII.PP / S.C. (Aesculapius standing, facing; small figure of Telesphorus at his side)
ref: RIC554b, C.310
mint: Rome, 10.80g, Scarce
History: Caracalla became quite ill in 214 AD, and in the autumn of this year he visited the shrine of Aesculapius at Pergamun. Telesophorus was a small boy who accompanied Aesculapius, and he became the symbol of success in the practice of medicine.1 commentsberserker

22031 Askelopsis/PergamonAskelopsis/Pergamon
EΠI ΠEPΓAMOY
Head of Asklepios right
ΠEPΓAMHNΩN
Eagle standing on thunderbolt
Pergamon, Mysia, 22mm 8.22 g
SNG France 1864

Thanks to shanxi and Altamura for help identifying.

1 commentsBlayne W

23. Lysimachos.Tetradrachm, 287 - 282 BC, Pergamum mint.
Obverse: Diademed head of Alexander, wearing the Horn of Ammon. K under bust.
Reverse: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΟΣ ΛΥΣΙΜΑΧΟΥ / Athena seated, with spear and shield, holding Nike. A crescent and archaic xoanon at left, ΘΞ monogram in exergue.
17.29 gm., 30 mm.
Thompson #221; S. #6816 var.

The mint at Pergamum was open for only 5 years from 287 - 282 BC. This coin was issued by Philetareus who was Lysimachus' governor at Pergamum. One of the most striking portraits on Greek coinage ! 4 commentsCallimachus

261/1. Domitia - denarius (128 BC)AR Denarius (Rome, 128 BC)
O/ Helmeted head of Roma right; corn-ear behind; XVI below chin.
R/ Victory in biga right, holding reins in left hand and whip in right hand; ROMA above; man fighting lion below; CN DOM in exergue.
3.84g; 18mm
Crawford 261/1 (71 obverse dies/89 reverse dies)

* Gnaeus Domitius (Calvinus?):

Our moneyer belonged to the old plebeian gens Domitia, but his identity is unknown. Babelon and ancient numismatists thought he was Ahenobarbus, the Consul of 96 BC, but it is not possible as he was already moneyer in 118 (the Narbo issue). Crawford postulated that he was from a collateral branch of the Ahenobarbi, and therefore a cousin of the Consul of 96, because he considered here that the Senatus Consultum De Agro Pergameno dates from 131 BC, but it is now dated 101, thus the Cn. Domitius Cn. f. mentioned there is doubtless the future Consul of 96*.

Gnaeus Domitius was more likely a Calvinus, from the other main stirps of the Domitii, but none of them is known during the 2nd century.

The figure below the chariot on the reverse is quite mysterious. Earlier numismatists thought it was a reference to the dogs fought by Ahenobarbus, the Consul of 122 who vanquished the Allobroges, but it is impossible as the battle was fought in 121, seven years after the denarius. Crawford considers the beast to be a lion, and therefore a reference to games organised by an Aedile; the corn-ear on the obverse would be a further reference to an aedileship.

* Harold B. Mattingly, "The Date of the Senatus Consultum De Agro Pergameno" in The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 93, n°3, 1972, pp. 412-423.Joss

2705A PAMPHYLIA, Perge Hadrian, Artemis in templeReference.
RPC III, 2705A; SNG Pfälzer IV, 278

Obv. [ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟ]C KAI
Laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right

Rev. [ΠƐΡΓ]ΑΙΩΝ
Tetrastyle temple; within which cult statue of Artemis of Perga; eagle in pediment.

2.46 gr
14 mm
6hokidoki

2706 PAMPHYLIA, Perge Hadrian 128 AD Artemis of Perge in templeReference.
RPC III, 2706/2 cf=Berlin 5296 cf weight

Issue Hadrian Olumpios

Obv. ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС ΚΑΙСΑΡ ΟΛΥΜΠΙΟС
Laureate head of Hadrian, r., with drapery on l. shoulder, and over back of neck

Rev. ΑΡΤΕΜΙΔΟС ΠΕΡΓΑΙΑС
Hexastyle temple on podium within which cult statue of Artemis of Perga

25.88 gr
38 mm
6h

Note.
apparently there are two dominations this one being 25.88 gr and Berlin coin is 17.34 gr2 commentsokidoki

41-60 AD - Semi-Autonomous AE15 of Pergamum - struck under the time of the Claudiansobv: PEON CYNKLHTON (youthful draped bust of the Roman Senate right)
rev: PEAN PWMHN (turreted and draped bust of Roma right)
ref: RPC 2374, SNG BN Paris 1964
mint: Pergamum, Mysia (40-60 AD)
4.03gms, 15mm
Rare

Pergamum was not conquered by the Romans. In 133 B.C. Attalus III, its last king, bequeathed Pergamum to the Romans and this granted to the city and its inhabitants the continued benevolence of the new rulers (with the only exception being Marcus Antonius who deprived the Library of Pergamum of many of its volumes to replenish that of Alexandria, which had been damaged by Julius Caesar).berserker

48-60 - CARACALLA (198 - 211 D.C.)PERGA - Panfilia
(Hoy cerca de la Ciudad de Murtana, Turquía

AE Diarión ?
17 mm 5.4gr.

Anv: " AY K M AY ANTÎ©NINOC CEB" – Cab. laur. a der.
Rev: ”Î EPÎ“AIÎ©N", Artemisa estante a der. lanzando flechas con su arco.

Acuñada: 198 - 217 D.C.

Referencias: SNG France #438 - ANS 1951.94.29 - SNG Paris III #452mdelvalle

501. Constantine I Cyzicus GLORIA EXERCITVSCyzicus

Cyzicus was an ancient town of Mysia in Asia Minor, situated on the shoreward side of the present peninsula of Kapu-Dagh (Arctonnesus), which is said to have been originally an island in the Sea of Marmara, and to have been artificially connected with the mainland in historic times.

It was, according to tradition, occupied by Thessalian settlers at the coming of the Argonauts, and in 756 BC the town was founded by Greeks from Miletus.

Owing to its advantageous position it speedily acquired commercial importance, and the gold staters of Cyzicus were a staple currency in the ancient world till they were superseded by those of Philip of Macedon. (For more information on ancient coinage click here) During the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) Cyzicus was subject to the Athenians and Lacedaemonians alternately, and at the peace of Antalcidas (387 BC), like the other Greek cities in Asia, it was made over to Persia.

The history of the town in Hellenistic times is closely connected with that of the Attalids of Pergamon, with whose extinction it came into direct relations with Rome. Cyzicus was held for the Romans against Mithradates in 74 BC till the siege was raised by Lucullus: the loyalty of the city was rewarded by an extension of territory and other privileges. Still a flourishing centre in Imperial times, the place appears to have been ruined by a series of earthquakes —the last in AD 1063— and the population was transferred to Artaki at least as early as the 13th century, when the peninsula was occupied by the Crusaders.

The site is now known as Bal-Kiz and entirely uninhabited, though under cultivation. The principal extant ruins are the walls, which are traceable for nearly their whole extent, a picturesque amphitheatre intersected by a stream, and the substructures of the temple of Hadrian. Of this magnificent building, sometimes ranked among the seven wonders of the ancient world, thirty-one immense columns still stood erect in 1444. These have since been carried away piecemeal for building purposes.

RIC VII Cyzicus 110 R5

Ex-Varangian

ecoli

61-05 - Isaac II Angelus (12/09/1185 - 08/04/1195 D.C.)AE/Vellón Aspron Trachy 30 x 27 mm 4.1 gr.
Moneda "Escifulada" cóncava.

Anv: "MÎ¡ - Î˜V" (Madre de Dios) en campos izquierdo y derecho - La Virgen sentada en un trono de frente, vistiendo nimbus (Halo redondo que rodea su busto), Pallium (Tipo de capa o manto) y Maphorium (Largo velo que cubre su cabeza y hombros), sosteniendo delante de Ella la cabeza nimbada de un Cristo niño mirando al frente.
Rev: " I / CAA / KI / OC (a izquierda) Î”EC / Î O /TH / C (a derecha)" Emperador de pié de frente vistiendo corona, divitision (Larga túnica de seda usada por los Emperadores y Obispos, de color púrpura o blanco), Loros (Ropa elaboradamente adornada que constituye el vestido consular de los Emperadores) y sagion (Sago - capa corta romana de uso militar). Portando Cetro con crucifijo y Akakia(Rollo de pergamino o tejido fuerte, relleno de tierra, que llevaban los emperadores bizantinos como símbolo de su mortalidad. En realidad es una cristianización de la mappa consular romana). Él es coronado por la Mano de Dios arriba a la derecha. " * " en campo izquierdo.

Acuñada 1185 - 1195 D.C.
Ceca: Constantinopla

Referencias: Sear BCTV #2003 Pag. 405 - Hendy CMBE pl.20.9-13, pl.21.1-7 - B.M.C.#19-31 - Ratto M.B.#2180, 2184-91 - Morrisson C.M.b.B.N. #1-40mdelvalle

61-06 - Isaac II Angelus (12/09/1185 - 08/04/1195 D.C.)AE/Vellón Aspron Trachy 27 x 29 mm 2.8 gr.
Moneda "Escifulada" cóncava.

Anv: "MÎ¡ - Î˜V" (Madre de Dios) en campos izquierdo y derecho - La Virgen sentada en un trono de frente, vistiendo nimbus (Halo redondo que rodea su busto), Pallium (Tipo de capa o manto) y Maphorium (Largo velo que cubre su cabeza y hombros), sosteniendo delante de Ella la cabeza nimbada de un Cristo niño mirando al frente. " * " en campo izquierdo.
Rev: " I / CAA / KI / OC (a izquierda) Î”EC / Î O /TH / C (a derecha)" Emperador de pié de frente vistiendo corona, divitision (Larga túnica de seda usada por los Emperadores y Obispos, de color púrpura o blanco), Loros (Ropa elaboradamente adornada que constituye el vestido consular de los Emperadores) y sagion (Sago - capa corta romana de uso militar). Portando Cetro con crucifijo y Akakia(Rollo de pergamino o tejido fuerte, relleno de tierra, que llevaban los emperadores bizantinos como símbolo de su mortalidad. En realidad es una cristianización de la mappa consular romana). Él es coronado por la Mano de Dios arriba a la derecha.

Acuñada 1185 - 1195 D.C.
Ceca: Constantinopla

Referencias: Sear BCTV #2003 Pag. 405 - Hendy CMBE pl.20.9-13, pl.21.1-7 - B.M.C.#19-31 - Ratto M.B.#2180, 2184-91 - Morrisson C.M.b.B.N. #1-40mdelvalle

62-05 - Alexio III Angelus Commenus (08/04/1195 - 17/07/1203 D.C.)AE/Vellón Aspron Trachy 25 x 27 mm 2.6 gr.
Moneda "Escifulada" cóncava.

Anv: "IC - XC" (Jesús Cristo) en campos izquierdo y derecho - Busto de Cristo sin barba, vistiendo nimbus cruciger (Halo redondo con cruz que rodea su busto), Pallium (Tipo de capa o manto) y Collobium (Túnica especial sin mangas), levantando su mano derecha en señal de bendición y sosteniendo un rollo de pergamino con mano izquierda." + KÎµ ROHÎ˜ÎµI " leyenda rodeando el busto.
Rev: " AÎ›EÎ£IÏ‰ Î”ÎµCÎ O KÏ‰NcTANTI " Emperador a derecha y San Constantino, barbado y nimbado a izquierda, ambos de pié de frente vistiendo corona, divitision (Larga túnica de seda usada por los Emperadores y Obispos, de color púrpura o blanco) y Loros (Ropa elaboradamente adornada que constituye el vestido consular de los Emperadores). Portando entre ellos Orbe con cruz y labarum (Lábaro, Enseña militar usado como estandarte imperial), el Emperador en mano derecha y el santo en la izquierda.

Acuñada 1195 - 1203 D.C.
Ceca: Constantinopla

Referencias: Sear BCTV #2012 Pag. 407 - Hendy CMBE pl.22.8-12, pl.23.1-7 - B.M.C.#16-18 - Ratto M.B.#2005/13 - Morrisson C.M.b.B.N. #1-16mdelvalle

703b, Tiberius, 19 August 14 - 16 March 37 A.D., Hierapolis, PhrygiaBronze AE 16, RPC I 2966 (1 specimen), F, Phrygia, Hierapolis, 3.300g, 15.6mm, 0o; Obverse: TIBEPIOC KAISAR, laureate head right; Reverse: IERAPOLEITWN ZOSIMOS [...], Apollo Archegetes (Lairbenos) standing left, playing lyre; reverse countermarked with star of six rays, in oval punch, 2.5 x 3.5 mm, Howgego 445 (3 pcs, 1 of which from this magistrate); dark patina; very rare. Ex FORVM.

De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families

TIBERIUS (A.D. 14-37)

Garrett G. Fagan
Pennsylvania State University

The reign of Tiberius Claudius Nero (b. 42 B.C., d. A.D. 37, emperor A.D. 14-37) is a particularly important one for the Principate, since it was the first occasion when the powers designed for Augustus alone were exercised by somebody else. In contrast to the approachable and tactful Augustus, Tiberius emerges from the sources as an enigmatic and darkly complex figure, intelligent and cunning, but given to bouts of severe depression and dark moods that had a great impact on his political career as well as his personal relationships. His reign abounds in contradictions. Despite his keen intelligence, he allowed himself to come under the influence of unscrupulous men who, as much as any actions of his own, ensured that Tiberius's posthumous reputation would be unfavorable; despite his vast military experience, he oversaw the conquest of no new region for the empire; and despite his administrative abilities he showed such reluctance in running the state as to retire entirely from Rome and live out his last years in isolation on the island of Capri. His reign represents, as it were, the adolescence of the Principate as an institution. Like any adolescence, it proved a difficult time.

. . . .

It is all but inevitable that any historical assessment of Tiberius will quickly devolve into a historiographical assessment of Tacitus. So masterful is Tacitus's portrayal of his subject, and so influential has it been ever since, that in all modern treatments of Tiberius, in attempting to get at the man, must address the issue of Tacitus's historiographical methods, his sources, and his rhetoric. The subject is too vast to address here, but some points are salient. Tacitus's methods, especially his use of innuendo and inference to convey notions that are essentially editorial glosses, makes taking his portrayal of Tiberius at face value inadvisable. Further, his belief in the immutable character of people -- that one's character is innate at birth and cannot be changed, although it can be disguised -- prevents him from investigating the possibility that Tiberius evolved and developed over his lifetime and during his reign. Instead, Tacitus's portrayal is one of peeling back layers of dissimulation to reach the "real" Tiberius lurking underneath.

Overall, Tiberius's reign can be said to show the boons and banes of rule by one man, especially a man as dark, awkward, and isolated as Tiberius. For the people of the provinces, it was a peaceful and well-ordered time. Governors behaved themselves, and there were no destructive or expensive wars. In the domestic sphere, however, the concentration of power in one person made all the greater the threat of misbehavior by ambitious satellites like Sejanus or foolish friends like Piso. Furthermore, if the emperor wished to remain aloof from the mechanics of power, he could do so. Administrators, who depended on him for their directions, could operate without his immediate supervision, but their dealings with a man like Sejanus could lead to disaster if that man fell from grace. As a result, although he was not a tyrant himself, Tiberius's reign sporadically descended into tyranny of the worst sort. In the right climate of paranoia and suspicion, widespread denunciation led to the deaths of dozens of Senators and equestrians, as well as numerous members of the imperial house. In this sense, the reign of Tiberius decisively ended the Augustan illusion of "the Republic Restored" and shone some light into the future of the Principate, revealing that which was both promising and terrifying.

[For the complete article please refer to http://www.roman-emperors.org/tiberius.htm]

By Garrett G. Fagan, Pennsylvania State University.
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.

Hierapolis in History

Usually said to be founded by Eumenes II, king of Pergamum (197-159 BC), Hierapolis may actually have been established closer to the 4th century BC by the Seleucid kings.

The name of the city may derive from Hiera, the wife of Telephus (son of Hercules and grandson of Zeus), the mythical founder of Pergamum. Or it may have been called the "sacred city" because of the temples located at the site. (The name Pamukkale is sometimes used just to refer to the white terraces, but the modern name of the whole area is also Pamukkale.)

With Colossae and Laodicea, Hierapolis became part of the tri-city area of the Lycus River valley. Hierapolis was located across the river from the other two cities and was noted for its textiles, especially wool. The city was also famous for its purple dye, made from the juice of the madder root.

The hot springs at Hierapolis (which still attract visitors today) were believed to have healing properties, and people came to the city to bathe in the rich mineral waters in order to cure various ailments.

Hierapolis was dedicated to Apollo Lairbenos, who was said to have founded the city. The Temple of Apollo that survives in ruins today dates from the 3rd century AD, but its foundations date from the Hellenistic period.

Also worshipped at Hierapolis was Pluto, god of the underworld, probably in relation to the hot gases released by the earth (see the Plutonium, below). The chief religious festival of ancient Hierapolis was the Letoia, in honor of the the goddess Leto, a Greek form of the Mother Goddess. The goddess was honoured with orgiastic rites.

Hierapolis was ceded to Rome in 133 BC along with the rest of the Pergamene kingdom, and became part of the Roman province of Asia. The city was destroyed by an earthquake in 60 AD but rebuilt, and it reached its peak in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD.

Famous natives of Hierapolis include the Stoic philosopher Epictetus (c.55-c.135 AD) and the philosopher and rhetorician Antipater. Emperor Septimus hired Antipater to tutor his sons Caracalla and Geta, who became emperors themselves.

Hierapolis had a significant Jewish population in ancient times, as evidence by numerous inscriptions on tombs and elsewhere in the city. Some of the Jews are named as members of the various craft guilds of the city. This was probably the basis for the Christian conversion of some residents of Hierapolis, recorded in Colossians 4:13.

In the 5th century, several churches as well as a large martyrium dedicated to St. Philip (see "In the Bible," below) were built in Hierapolis. The city fell into decline in the 6th century, and the site became partially submerged under water and deposits of travertine. It was finally abandoned in 1334 after an earthquake. Excavations began to uncover Hierapolis in the 19th century.

Hierapolis in the Bible

Hierapolis is mentioned only once in the Bible, when St. Paul praises Epaphras, a Christian from Colossae, in his letter to the Colossians. Paul writes that Epaphras "has worked hard for you and for those in Laodicea and in Hierapolis" (Colossians 4:12-13). Epaphras was probably the founder of the Christian community at Hierapolis.

Ancient tradition also associates Hierapolis with a biblical figure, reporting that Philip died in Hierapolis around 80 AD. However, it is not clear which Philip is menat. It could be Philip the Apostle, one of the original 12 disciples, who is said to have been martyred by upside-down crucifixion (Acts of Philip) or by being hung upside down by his ankles from a tree.

Or Philip could be Philip the Evangelist, a later disciple who helped with administrative matters and had four virgin-prophetess daughters (Acts 6:1-7; 21:8-9). Early traditions say this Philip was buried in Hierapolis along with his virgin daughters, but confusingly call him "Philip the Apostle"! In any case, it seems a prominent person mentioned in Acts did die in Hierapolis.
Sacred Destinations - Hierapolis-Pamukkale
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.Cleisthenes

aa Mysia, Pergamum. M. Plautius Silvanus / Augustus Æ20M. Plautius Silvanus, proconsul; Demophon, grammateus. Togate figure standing facing and holding phiale, being crowned by figure in military outfit / Statue of Augustus, standing facing and holding scepter, within distyle temple façade. RPC 2364; SNG France 2016-21.ancientone

aa Pamphylia, Perge. Hadrian AE12. Artemis PergaiaObv: Laureate bust of Hadrian r.
Rev: Temple containing simulacrum of Artemis Pergaia, eagle in pediment.
SNG Aulock 4671 ancientone

AE 17.3; Athena/ ΠΕΡΓΑ Head of bull l.; behind, owlPergamum, Mysia, c. 310 - 284 B.C. AE 5.19g, 17.3mm. Head of Athena l. /
ΠΕΡΓΑ Head of bull l.; behind, owl. BMC 111, 20. Ex Gerhard Rohde
Podiceps

AE 18 Pergamum, Mysia, bronze Bronze AE 18, RPC I 2374; SNG BnF 1964; BMC Mysia p. 134, 205; SGICV 4910; SNG Cop -, F, dark green patina, reverse off center, Pergamon (Bergama, Turkey) mint, weight 4.116g, maximum diameter 18.3mm, die axis 0o, c. 40 - 60 A.D.; obverse Θ EON CYN-KΛHTON, draped bust of the Senate right; reverse ΘEAN PWMHN, turreted and draped bust of Roma rightNORMAN K

AE 19.2; Asklepios/ Serpent around omphalos; countermark: owlPergamum, Mysia, 133 B.C. – Augustus. AE 19.2mm, 4.85g. Head of Asklepios laureate r. / Î‘Î£ÎšÎ›Î—Î Î™ÎŸÎ¥ Î£Î©Î¤Î—Î¡ÎŸÎ£ ï€¬ï€ Serpent around omphalos; countermark, owl. BMC 129, 161. Ex Gerhard RohdePodiceps

AE 19.8; Asklepios/ Serpent around omphalos; owl on leftPergamum, Mysia. 133 B.C. – Augustus. AE 19.8mm, 9.09g; Head of Asklepios laureate r. ï€¯Î‘Î£ÎšÎ›Î—Î Î™ÎŸÎ¥ Î£Î©Î¤Î—Î¡ÎŸÎ£ï€¬ï€ Serpent around omphalos; on l., owl. BMC 129, 160. Ex Gerhard RohdePodiceps

Ae Pergamon with countermark Owl on the amphoraAe, Pergamon,
Obv: head of Zeus right
Rev: [ΑΣΚΛΗΠΙΟΥ ΣΩ]ΤΗΡΟΣ, serpent, countermark of Koinon (Galatia): Owl on the amphora
Diameter: 19mm
Weight: 9,15g3 commentsTomasz P

AE17.9mm, helmeted head of Athena left, cm/ two confronted bull headsPergamon, Mysia, c. 300 - 284 B.C. Bronze AE 17, SGCV II 3956, F, Pergamon mint, 3.820g, 17.9mm, 270o, obverse helmeted head of Athena left, wreathed with olive, round countermark in center; reverse, two confronted bull heads, “PERG ” below; nice sea-green patina. Ex FORVMPodiceps

AE18; Senate/ RomaMysia, Pergamum, 1st Century A.D. Æ 18 mm, 3.45 g. Obv: Bust of Senate right. Rev: Bust of Roma right. Sear: Greek Imperial Coins 4910, BMC 205. ex areichPodiceps

AE20; Asklepios/ snake, oval countermarkPergamon, Mysia, c. 133 - 16 B.C. Bronze AE 20, BMC Mysia p. 129, 158, F, Pergamon mint, 6.618g, 19.7mm, 0o, c. 133 - 16 B.C.; obverse laureate head of Asklepios right; reverse “ASKLHPIOU / SWTHROS”, snake coiled around omphalos, oval countermark. ex FORVMPodiceps

AE22; Zeus/ serpent coiled around omphalosPergamum, Mysia, ca 2nd Century BC. Æ 22mm. 7.21 g. Obv: Laureate head of Zeus right / Rev: ASKLHPIOU SWTHROS, serpent coiled around omphalos. SNGvA 1372, BMC 158. Podiceps

Aiolis, ElaiaSear 4203 var. (size), SNG Kayhan 83; SNG Copenhagen 169; SNG von Aulock 1605.

AE unit, struck ca. ca 350-320 BC., 1.30 g., 11.18 mm. max., 90°

Obv.: Head of Athena left, wearing crested Corinthian helmet.

Rev.: E-[Î›], corn grain within olive wreath.

Elaia was the port of Pergamum; the site is not precisely determined but is near Zeytindag, Izmir Province, Turkey.Stkp

Aiolis, Elaia, Commodus, SNG Copenhagen 199Commodus, AD 177-192
AE 21, 2.46g
obv. AV KAI - KOMMODO
Bust, draped and cuirassed, seen from behind, laureate, r.
rev. ELAIT - WN
Bust of Crispina as Demeter or Persephone, drsped and diademed, r., holding in l. hand poppy and 2
grain-ears
ref. SNG Copenhagen 199; SNG von Aulock 1641; SNG München 431; SNG Leypold 515; BMC Aiolis p.131, 47
about VF, nice green patina, elegant depiction
From Forum Ancient Coins, thanks!

Elaia was the harbour of Pergamon.
Jochen

Alexander III The Great, Macedonian Kingdom, 336 - 323 B.C.Alexandros III Philippou Makedonon (356-323 BC), better known as Alexander the Great, single-handedly changed the entire nature of the ancient world in little more than ten years.

"Born in the northern Greek kingdom of Macedonia in 356 BC, to Philip II and his formidable wife Olympias, Alexander was educated by the philosopher Aristotle. Following his father's assassination in 336 BC, he inherited a powerful yet volatile kingdom, which he had to secure - along with the rest of the Greek city states - before he could set out to conquer the massive Persian Empire, in revenge for Persia's earlier attempts to conquer Greece.
Against overwhelming odds, he led his army to victories across the Persian territories of Asia Minor, Syria and Egypt without incurring a single defeat. With his greatest victory at the Battle of Gaugamela, in what is now northern Iraq, in 331 BC, the young king of Macedonia, leader of the Greeks, Overlord of Asia Minor and Pharaoh of Egypt also became Great King of Persia at the age of 25.

Over the next eight years, in his capacity as king, commander, politician, scholar and explorer, Alexander led his army a further 11,000 miles, founding over 70 cities and creating an empire that stretched across three continents and covered some two million square miles.

The entire area from Greece in the west, north to the Danube, south into Egypt and as far east as the Indian Punjab, was linked together in a vast international network of trade and commerce. This was united by a common Greek language and culture, whilst the king himself adopted foreign customs in order to rule his millions of ethnically diverse subjects.

Primarily a soldier, Alexander was an acknowledged military genius who always led by example, although his belief in his own indestructibility meant he was often reckless with his own life and that of those he expected to follow him. The fact that his army only refused to do so once, in the13 years of a reign during which there was constant fighting, indicates the loyalty he inspired.

Following his death in 323 BC at the age of only 32, his empire was torn apart in the power struggles of his successors. Yet Alexander's mythical status rapidly reached epic proportions and inspired individuals as diverse as Julius Caesar, Cleopatra, Louis XIV and Napoleon.

He continues to be portrayed according to the bias of those interpreting his achievements. He is either Alexander the Great or Iskander the Accursed, chivalrous knight or bloody monster, benign multi-culturalist or racist imperialist - but above all he is fully deserving of his description as 'the most significant secular individual in history'."

By Dr Joann Fletcher (http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/alexander_the_great.shtml)
Cleisthenes

Anatolia-Mysia Pergamon 88-50 BCMysia Pergamon 88-50 BC.Bronze

Obverse: Head of Athena in classic crested Athenian Helmet.

Reverse: Serpent of Aesklepius.M on left sideMacedonian Warrior

Ancient Greek Coin Collection From Sixth to First Centuries B.C.Here are the coins I started collecting from 2012 to present. As Aristotle wrote two millennia ago that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts, there is no better way to present a collection of Greeks than to put them all together in a single shot. (Please click on picture for bigger resolution and to show greater details on coins).

Top row from left to right: AEOLIS, MYRINA. AR "Stephanophoric" Tetradrachm. Circa 150 BC**ILLYRIA, DYRRHACHION. AR Stater. Circa 340-280 BC**IONIA, SMYRNA. AR “Stephanophoric” Tetradrachm. Circa 150-145 BC** PELOPONNESOS, SIKYON. AR Stater. Circa 335-330 BC**ATTICA, ATHENS. “New style” Tetradrachm. Circa 169 BC.

Fifth row: BACTRIA, Antialkidas. AR Drachm. Circa 145-135 BC**CAPPADOCIA. Ariobarzanes I AR Drachm. Circa 96-63 BC**THRACE, ABDERA. AR Tetrobol. Circa 360-350 BC**THRACE, CHERSONESSOS. AR Hemidrachm. Circa 386-338 BC.

Fourth row: LUCANIA, METAPONTION. AR Stater. Circa 510-480 BC**THESSALIAN LEAGUE. AR Stater. Circa 196-146 BC**MACEDONIA. Kassander AR Tetradrachm. Circa 317-315 BC**AKARNANIA, LEUKAS. AR Stater. Circa 320-280 BC**PAMPHYLIA, ASPENDOS. AR Stater. Circa 330-300 BC.

Third row: SELEUKID SYRIA. Antiochos VI AR Drachm. Circa 144-143 BC**LUCANIA, METAPONTION. AR Stater. Circa 340-330 BC**LUCANIA, VELIA. AR Stater. Circa 280 BC**PARTHIA. Mithradates II AR Drachm. Circa 121-91 BC.

Second row: MYSIA, PERGAMMON. Eumenes I AR Tetradrachm. Circa 263-241 BC**CILICIA, TARSOS. Mazaios AR Stater. Circa 361-334 BC**THRACE. Lysimachos AR Tetradrachm. Circa 297-281 BC**CILICIA, TARSOS. Pharnabazos AR Stater. Circa 380-374 BC**THRACE, MARONEIA. AR Tetradrachm. Mid 2nd cent. BC.

Bottom row: SELEUKID SYRIA. Antiochos Euergetes VII AR Tetradrachm. Circa 138-129 BC**MACEDON. Alexander III AR Tetradrachm. Circa 325-315 BC**CILICIA, AIGEAI. AR Tetradrachm. Circa 30 BC**PAIONIA. Patraos AR Tetradrachm. Circa 335-315 BC**PAMPHYLIA, SIDE. AR Tetradrachm. Circa 155-36 BC.
10 commentsJason T

Anonymous, AE17, ϑΕΑΝ ΡΩΜΗΝAE17
Greek Imperial: Pergamon, Mysia
Anonymous
Issued: 27 - 138AD
17.0mm 3.20gr 0h
O: ϑΕΑΝ CΥΝΚΛΕΤΩΝ; Draped bust of the senate, right; beaded border.
R: ϑΕΑΝ ΡΩΜΗΝ; Turreted and draped bust of Roma, right; beaded border.
Pergamon, Mysia Mint
VF
SNG von Aulock 7526; SNG Righetti 749; BMC 216.
NBS Auctions Web Auction 7, Lot 742.
7/18/21 8/20/21Nicholas Z

Antoninus Pius AE20 Pergamon, Mysia Seated Serapis Cerberus At FeetObv.

ΑV ΤΙ ΑΙ ΑΔΡ ΑΝΤΩΝƐΙΝΟС
Laureate head of Antoninus Pius

Rev.

ƐΠΙ СΤΡ ΚοVΑΡΤοV ΤΟ Β ΠƐΡΓΑ
Serapis seated left, extending arm over Cerberus, holding long sceptre

20mm 3.90g

RPC IV 3195 Weisser 610 BMC 281 Cop 484

ancientdave

Antoninus Pius Perga PamphyliaAntoninus Pius, Perga, Pamphylia, 138 - 161 AD, AE 15, 2.4g, 180o, Von Aulock 4672, SNG Cop 319, SNG France 411, not in BMC
OBV: ANTWNEINOC KAISAP, Laureate head right
REV: APTEMIDOS PERGAIAS, Distyle temple of Artemis Pergaia
SRukke

Antoninus Pius Temple of PergaANTONINUS PIUS, 138 - 161 AD, AE32, Perga, Pamphylia, 24.4g,
OBV: KAI ADRIA ANTWNEINOS, Laureate head right.
REV: ARTEMODOS PERGAIAS, Distyle temple, with fluted Ionic columns, with eagle in pediment,
containing simulacrum of Pergean Artemis; on either side of which, sphinx on pedestal.
Not in BMC, nor von Aulock.
SNG FRANCE 3, 0406(1) / COLL PARIS 317A(1)

Extremely Rare
5 commentsSRukke

Antoninus Pius, as (Boyd collection)Antonino Pio (138-161), asse, zecca di Roma (148 d.C.), AE, 14.22 gr, 26,0 mm, BB+ (VF+)
D/ ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P TR P XI, testa laureata dell'imperatore a dx
R/ COS IIII, VOTA, SC, Antonino Pio sacrifica davanti a tripode, con pergamena nella sx
RIC 852a; RCV 4323
Provenienza: collezione Berardengo, Roma Italia (9 luglio 2008, numero catalogo 19), ex Antony Wilson collection (Yorkcoins New York-London, 2005), ex Baldwin's Auctions 42 (London, 26 settembre 2005), ex W. C. Boyd collection (London, dicembre 1901), ex Edgar Lincoln collection (London, prima del 1901). paolo

Apollo (head of?)Mysia, Pergamon, 200-133 B.C. AE-17/20 mm, 8.12 grs. AV: Head of Athena in corinthian helmet to right. Circular CM: Head of Apollo (?) in a laurel-wreath. RV: AQHNAS / NIKHFOROU, Tropaion. Collection: Mueller.Automan

ARCH, AUGUSTUS, RIC I : 510.AR Cistophorus (Cistophoric Tetradrachm = 3 denarii) of Pergamum. Struck 19 - 18 B.C.
Obverse: IMP•IX•TR•PO•V. Bare head of Augustus facing right.
Reverse: Triumphal arch surmounted by Augustus in facing triumphal quadriga; IMP IX TR POT V on architrave; S P R SIGNIS RECEPTIS in three lines within arch opening, standards at either side.
Diameter: 24 - 25mm | Weight: 11.7gms | Die Axis: 12
RIC I : 510 | BMC : 703 | RSC : 298

This coin commemorates Augustus' triumphant agreement with the Parthians in 20 B.C. under which they returned the legionary standards captured from Crassus who was defeated and killed at Carrhae thirty-three years earlier (53 B.C.). Augustus installed these standards in the Temple of Mars Ultor.
The reverse of the coin shows the triumphal arch which was awarded to Augustus on the occasion of his recovery of the standards. This was the second triumphal arch awarded to Augustus and, like the earlier arch which had been constructed in 29 BC to honour his victory over Cleopatra, this second arch, which archaeological evidence suggests may actually have incorporated the first arch, stood in close proximity to the Temple of Divus Julius at the southern entrance to the Roman Forum.2 comments*Alex

Asia Minor, Ionia, Ephesos, cista mystica, serpents, krater, torchIonia, Ephesos
Cistophor (70-71 BC). Dated CY 64
Obv: Cista mystica with serpent; all within ivy wreath.
Rev: Bowcase between two serpents; EΦΕ to left. Controls: ΞΔ (date) to upper left, krater above, lighted torch to right.
AR, 12.61g, 26 mm
Ref.: Kleiner 62; SNG von Copenhagen 332-3.shanxi

Asia Minor, Mysia, Pergamon, Apollo, bull’s heads, club Mysia, Pergamon
AE8, 420-400 BC
Early small bronze coin. This is among the first bronze coins of Pergamon.
Obv.: Laureate head of Apollo right
Rev.: Confronted bull’s heads; club above, ΠΕΡΓA below.
AE, 0.73g, 8mm
Ref.: BMC Mysia, Pergamon 3shanxi

Asia Minor, Mysia, Pergamon, Apollo, bull’s heads, pine coneMysia, Pergamon
AE10, 420-400 BC
Obv.: Laureate head of Apollo right
Rev.: Confronted bull’s heads; Pine cone above, ΠΕΡΓA below.
AE, 0.81g, 9.5mm
Ref.: ?shanxi

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