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Maximinus I - Denarius - 235/236 AD.
Ob.: IMP MAXIMINVS PIVS AVG; Laureate and draped bust right
Rev.: PROVIDENTIA AVG; providentia standing left, holds cornucopia and wand pointed at globe at foot.
gs. 2,7 mm. 19,9
Cohen 77, RIC 13Maxentius

CARUS - Potin Tetradrachm - Year 1 - 282/283
Ob.: Α Κ Μ Α ΚΑΡΟC CEB; laureate, draped & cuirassed bust right
Rev.: L A; Dikaiosyne stg. left, holds scales and cornucopia
gs. 7,6 mm. 19
Milne 4660 Maxentius

PROBVS - Potin tetradrachm - Year 3 - 279/280
Ob.: A K M ΑΥΡ ΠΡΟΒΟC CEB; laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev.: L Γ; Tyche stg. left holds rudder and cornucopia
gs. 7,9 mm. 19,4
Milne 4583Maxentius

CARINVS - Potin tetradrachm - year 1 - 283 AD
Ob.: A K M A KAΡΙΝΟC K; laureate and cuirassed bust right
Rev.: L A; Tyche stg. left holds rudder and cornucopia
gs. 7,9 mm. 17,5
Milne 4667Maxentius

Philip I - Billon tetradrachm - Year 1 (244)
Ob. A K M IOV ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟC EV CEB; laureate and cuirassed bust right
Rev.: L A; Dikaiosyne stg. left, with cornucopiae and scales
Gs. 12,2 mm. 22,1. Totally silveredMaxentius

C. MARCIVS CENSORINVUS - Denarius - 88 B.C. - Mint of Rome
Gens Marcia
Ob.: Diademed head of Apollo right
Rev.: Horse galloping right. P above, C CENSOR below. In ex. another controlmark
gs. 3,8 mm. 16,4
Craw. 346/2bMaxentius

Anonymous Republic Quinarius - After 211 BC.
Ob.: Helmeted head of Roma right, V behind
Rev.: Dioscuri galloping right, ROMA in a tablet.
Gs. 2,2 mm. 16,1
Craw. 44/6, Sear RCV 42

2 commentsMaxentius

Tacitus, 25 September 275 - 12 April 276 A.D.

Obverse:
Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right

AK K Λ TAKITOC CEB

AK: AVTOKRATOR is the equivalent of the Latin Imperator, 'emperor'.
K Λ is an abbreviation for K AV IOC, 'Claudius' transliterated into Greek.
TOK: TAKITOC= Tacitus
CEB: SEBASTOS (greek indication for augustus).

With the pellet between TOC . CEB

Reverse:
ETOVC A (year 1)

Dikaiosyne standing left holding scales in right hand and cornucopia in left. Diakaiosyne is the Greek equivalent of Aequitas ('Equity, Fair Dealing' to quote Sear).

Domination: Billon TETRAdrachm (4 drachms): size 21 mm

Mint: Alexandria, provincial.

Comment:
These Egyptian issues are not in RIC, but the old standard catalogue for these is Milne, where yours is no. 4492, with the pellet between TOC . CEB. They are also listed in the new Sear vol.III (though in not as much detail), where the nearest is 11831, which doesn't have the pellets in the obverse legend (Milne 4489). Other references : Curtis 1832, BMC 2403v ; Geissen 3115.
1 commentsPeter Wissing

C. SERVILIVS M.f. Denarius. 136 BC. Gens SERVILIA - g. 3,8, mm. 20,5x19,7
Obv.:Winged, helmeted head of Roma right, surmounted by head of an eagle, wreath & * behind, ROMA below
Rev.: the Dioscuri galloping in opposite directions, C SERVEILI M F in ex.
Cr239/1, Sear RCV 116.

2 commentsMaxentius

Denarius - 136 B.C. L Antestius Gragulus Gens Antestia
Ob.: Helmeted head of Roma right with XVI in monogram under the chin. GRAG behind
Rev.: Jupiter in galloping quadriga, L ANTES below (ANTE in monogram). In ex. ROMA
g. 3,8 mm. 19,1
Syd 451, Cr238/1, Sear RCV 115
1 commentsMaxentius

Denarius - 90 b.C. - Mint of Rome
L. CALPVRNIVS PISO FRVGI - Gens Calpurnia
Ob.: laureate head of Apollo right. Behind H. C below the chin.
Rev.: horseman galloping right holding palm. Λ above, L PISO FRVGI below.
gs. 3,9 mm. 18,3
Cr.340/1, Syd.669aMaxentius

HADRIAN - As - 129 AD
Obv: HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS - Laureate head right.
Rev: COS III P P - Roma standing right, stepping on helmet, holding spear and cornucopia.
Gs. 14,7 mm. 25,8
Cohen 482, RIC 716d Maxentius

HADRIAN - Dupondius - 118 AD
Obv.: IMP CAESAR TRAIANVS HADRIANVS AVG, radiate and draped bust right;
Rev.: PONT MAX TR POT COS II. In ex. FORT RED / S C, Fortuna std. left holding rudder and cornucopiae
Gs. 13,2 mm. 26,8
Cohen 757var, RIC 557varMaxentius

TRAJAN - Dupondius. 115 AD.
Obv.:IMP CAES NER TRAIANO OPTIMO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS VI P P, radiate, draped bust right
Rev.:SENATVS POPVLVSQVE ROMANVS S C, Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus & cornucopiae.
Gs. 11,6 mm. 26,1
Cohen 353, RIC 674Maxentius

VOLUSIAN - AR Antoninianus - Mediolanum mint - 251/253 AD.
Obv.: IMP CAE C VIB VOLVSIANO AVG, radiate, draped & cuirassed bust right
Rev.:AEQVITAS AVGG, Aequitas standing left with scales & cornucopiae.
Gs. 4,2 mm. 22,5
RIC 166, Cohen 8Maxentius

Denarius - 68/67 BC - Mint of Rome
M. PLAETORIVS M.f. CESTIANVS - Gens Plaetoria
Obv.: Bust of Vacuna right, wearing a wreathed and crested helmet, bow and quiver on shoulder, cornucopiae below chin. CESTIANVS left, S C right
Rev.: Eagle standing right on thunderbolt, head left. M PLAETORIVS M.F. AED CVR around.
Gs. 3,9 mm. 18
Craw. 409/1, Sear RCV 349, BMRRC 3596.
For Crawford, the goddess on obverse is Isis

1 commentsMaxentius

Denarius - 152 BC (Grueber 172/151 BC) - Mint of Rome
L. SAVFEIVS - Gens Saufeia
Obv.: Helmeted head of Roma right, X behind
Rev.: Victory in galloping biga right, holding reins and whip. L. SAVF below horses. In ex. ROMA in a tablet.
Gs. 3,4 mm. 16,8x17,3
Craw. 204/1, Sear RCV 83, BMRRC 834

1 commentsMaxentius

Denarius - 110-109 BC (Grueber 91/90 B.C.) - Mint of Rome
C. CLAVDIVS PVLCHER - Gens Claudia
Obv.: Head of helmeted Roma right
Rev.: Victory in biga galloping right. Below, C. PVLCHER.
Gs. 3,8 mm. 18
Crawf. 300/1, Sear RCV 177, Grueber 1288

Maxentius

Denarius - 147 BC. - Mint of Rome
C. TERENTIVS LVCANVS - Gens Terentia
Obv.: Helmeted head of Roma right, standing Victory and X behind
Rev.: Dioscuri galloping right, C. TER (TE in monogram) LVC below. In ex. ROMA in a tablet
Gs. 3,8 mm. 18,6.
Crawf. 217/1, Sear RCV 93, Grueber 775

Maxentius

DOMITIAN - Æ As - 87 AD.
Obv.: IMP CAES DOMIT AVG GERM COS XIII CENS PER P P, laureate bust right, with aegis
Rev.: FORTVNAE AVGVSTI S-C, Fortuna standing left with rudder & cornucopiae.
Gs. 10,5 mm. 29,3
Cohen 126, RIC 353aMaxentius

GALERIVS - Silvered AE Follis - 297-298 AD. - Heraclea mint
Obv.: GAL VAL MAXIMIANVS NOB CAES, laureate head right
Rev.: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera & cornucopia, HTΓ in ex.
Gs. 10,5 mm. 27,5
Cohen 78, RIC 20bMaxentius

Antoninianus (pre-reform)
Siscia Mint, 1st officina, 271-2 AD
Obv. Rad + cuir bust r., IMP AVRELIANVS AVG round.
Rev. Fortuna seated l on throne, wheel below, rudder at left, cornucopia over l arm, FORTVNA - REDVX round, *P in ex.
3.39 gm, 23 mm

Antoninus Pius, AD 138-161
AE – Sestertius
Rome, 145-161 AD
Head, laureate, r.
ANTONINVS PIVS PP TR P
Pax standing l., setting fire with torch to heap of arms and holding cornucopiae
COS IIII, PAX AVG in field, SC in exergue
RIC 777
C
Ardatirion

Ptolemaic Egypt, Ptolemy VI, Æ29, Cyprus Mint.
Diademed head of Zeus-Ammon right.
/ RTOLEMAIOY BASILEWS Two eagles standing
left on thunderbolt, cornucopia before. S7900; SNG
Cop. 341. VF Coin #618
cars100

Obv.IMP CAES DOMITIANVS AVG PONT.REV TR P COS VII DES VIII PP. Minerva adv.r. with spear and shield. Rome Ad 81 14 sep-31dec. weight.3,25 gr. RIC 56. R21 commentsspikbjorn

Antoninus Pius - AE Dupondius

Roman Empire
Emperor Antoninus Pius. 138 - 161 AD. AE-Dupondius. Rome Mint.

obv: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P IMP II - Radiate head of Antoninus Pius right
rev: TR POT XIX COS IIII - Annona seated right, holding cornucopia; at feet, modius.
'S C' below, in exergue.

25.83mm, 11.80g.2 commentsrexesq

Trajan Limes Falsum?
Imitating a Dupondius, RIC 502 or RIC 591
Obv: IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS V (VI?) P P
Apparently a double strike, which means that the coin was struck, not cast.
Rev: S P Q R OPTIMO PRINCIPI
Fortuna standing l., holding rudder and cornucopiae
28mm, 3.31gklausklage

Fourree Denarius, Severus Alexander, copying RIC 196
Obv: IMP SEV ALEXANDER AVG
Laureate head right, drapery on left shoulder
Double strike
Rev: FORTVNAE REDVCI
Fortuna standing left, holding rudder on globe and cornucopiae.

18mm, 3.04g
klausklage

Ptolemy III Euergetes. Æ Hemidrachm - Triobol. Alexandreia mint. First phase, struck circa 246-242/1. Diademed head of Zeus-Ammon right / Eagle standing left on thunderbolt, head right; cornucopia over shoulder; E between legs. Svoronos 974 var. (control mark).

AE40 about 46.5 g.

--------------------------------

Ar 0.249g, 6.7mm
Elea(Elia?), Aeolis, AR Hemiobol. Late 5th century BC. Head of Athena left, in crested helmet / E L A I, around olive wreath, all within incuse square. SNG Cop 164 ex Forvm2 commentsRandygeki(h2)

ELAGABALVS - As - 219 AD - Rome mint
Obv: IMP CAES M AVR ANTONINVS PIVS AVG; laureate head right, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev: FORTVNAE REDVCI S C; Fortuna standing left, holding rudder on globe and cornucopiae
gr. 9, mm. 24,5
RIC 349, Cohen 531 commentsMaxentius

CLAUDIVS II - AE Antoninianus - 268/270 - Siscia mint
Obv.: IMP CLAVDIVS AVG; radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev: TEMPORVM FELI; Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopiae; P in the right field
Gr. 3,25; mm. 22
RIC 192, Cohen 285Maxentius

SALONINA (Wife of Gallienus) - 257/258 AD - Billon Antoninianus - Lugdunum or Cologne mint
Obv: SALONINA AVG, Draped bust right on crescent
Rev: FELICITAS PVBLICA, Felicitas seated left, holding caduceus and cornucopiae
Gms 2,28 mm 24,8
RIC V 1-6 Cohen 50Maxentius

Tetricus I, Mint II, reverse CONCORDIA MILITVM
IMP TE[TRIC]VS AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
CONCORD[IA MI]LITVM, Concordia standing left with patera an cornucopia, standard behind
Normanby -
Weight 3.62g

A previously unknown issue which links typologically to Tetricus CONCORDIA AVG issues (Mint I) and FIDES MILITVM issues (Mint II) and Domitianus' CONCORDIA MILITVM type (Mint II).Adrianus

HADRIANVS AVG COS III PP
Laureate head of Hadrian right

FORTVNA AVG
Fortuna stg left holding rudder set on globe and cornucopiae

Rome 134 AD

3.07g

Sear 3494
RIC 244

Sold Forum Auction April 20161 commentsJay GT4

NERVA
AE As 97 AD.
28mm, 10.4 grams

OBV: IMP NERVA CAES AVG P M TR P II COS III P P, laureate head right
REV: AEQVITAS AVGVST, Equity standing left with scales & cornucopiae.
S-C across field. Rome Mint
RIC-II-94

TITUS
AE As. 80-81 A.D.
28mm, 10.8 grams

OBV: IMP T CAES VESP AVG P M TR P COS VIII, laureate head left
REV: AETERNIT AVG, Aeternitas standing right, foot on globe, holding scepter &cornucopiae.
S-C across fields. Rome Mint
RIC- II -122b

ANTONINUS PIUS
Sestertius 145-161 A.D.
30.5 mm, 22.2 grams

OBV: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TRP COS IIII, laureate head right.
REV: LIBERALITAS AVG V, Liberalitas standing left,holding account-board and cornucopiae.
S-C in field
RIC- III -776

HADRIAN
Sestertius. 125 – 128 AD
33.5mm, 27.1 grams

OBV: HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS, laureate head right
REV: COS III, Roma seated left, holding Victory and cornucopiae,
SC in ex. Rome Mint

RIC-II-636

TRAJAN
Dupondius 98-99 A.D.
26.3mm, 9.3 grams

OBV: IMP CAES NERVA TRAIAN AVG GERM PM,
Emperor radiate head right.
REV: TR POT COS III PP, Abundance seated left on chair formed of two cornucopiae, holding scepter.
RIC-II-398

JULIA DOMNA
AR Denarius
17.8 mm, 3.1 grams

OBV: IVLIA AVGVSTA, draped bust right.
REV: HILARITAS, Hilaritas standing left with palm & cornucopiae, children to either side of her.
RIC-IVa – 557

Denarius
Anonymous
Mint: Rome
206-195 BCE

Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma, right; behind, denominational mark (X); border of dots
Reverse: Dioscuri galloping, right; below, mark (eight-rayed star); Roma in exergue; line border

Crawford (RRC) 113/1
Sydenham 263
RSC I 20gg
BM 457
SRCV I 54

M. Cipius M.f. 115-114 BC. AR Denarius (17mm, 3.98 g, 4h). Rome mint. Helmeted head of Roma right; X (mark of value) to left / Victory driving galloping biga right, holding reins and palm frond; rudder below. Crawford 289/1; Sydenham 546; Cipia 1; Type as RBW 1118.ecoli

This "Otho" with "VÍCTORIA PR" reverse is an ingenious fabrication created by the famous forger "Tardani". He had obviously realized that there were a few VICTORIA OTHONIS dies recut from Galba's VICTORIA PR dies and created this fictitious but possible coin with copies of real dies. I used to have this coin and another with the same dies is in the Berlin coin cabinet. Both are overweight, around 3.9 gr. It took some time to find a Galba minted with this particular reverse die but finally I succeeded. The final proof is seen in this coin, there are a few regions were the die has broken, ie before the die ever could have been used for an Otho coin. The coin is quite convincing because of the dies, but the surfaces were a bit strange and the legends unusual in profile.jmuona

JAMES IV OF SCOTLAND
James IV was the King of Scotland from June 1488 until his death in battle at the age of 40 on the 9th September, 1513.
James IV's mother, Margaret of Denmark, was more popular than his father, James III, and though somewhat estranged from her husband she raised their sons at Stirling Castle until she died in 1486. Two years later, a rebellion broke out, where the rebels set up the 15-year-old Prince James as their nominal leader. The rebels fought James III at the Battle of Sauchieburn where, on 11th June 1488, the king was killed. Prince James assumed the throne as James IV and was crowned at Scone on 24th of June. However he continued to bear an intense guilt for the indirect role which he had played in the death of his father.
James maintained Scotland's traditional good relations with France, and this occasionally created diplomatic problems with England, but James recognised nonetheless that peace between Scotland and England was in the interest of both countries, and established good diplomatic relations with England as well. First he ratified the Treaty of Ayton in 1497, then, in 1502 James signed the Treaty of Perpetual Peace with Henry VII which was sealed by his marriage to Henry's daughter Margaret Tudor the next year. Anglo-Scottish relations generally remained stable until the death of Henry VII in 1509.
James saw the importance of building a fleet that could provide Scotland with a strong maritime presence, he founded two new dockyards and acquired a total of 38 ships for the Royal Scots Navy. These including the "Great Michael" which, built at great expense, was launched in 1511 and was at that time the largest ship in the world.
When war broke out between England and France, James found himself in a difficult position as an ally by treaty to both countries. But relations with England had worsened since the accession of Henry VIII, and when Henry invaded France, James reacted by declaring war on England.
James sent the Scottish navy, including the "Great Michael", to join the ships of Louis XII of France and, hoping to take advantage of Henry's absence at the siege of Thérouanne, he himself led an invading army southward into Northumberland. However, on 9th September 1513 at the disastrous Battle of Flodden James IV was killed, he was the last monarch in Great Britain to be killed in battle. His death, along with many of his nobles including his son the archbishop of St Andrews, was one of the worst military defeats in Scotland's history and the loss of such a large portion of the political community was a major blow to the realm. James IV's corpse was identified after the battle and taken to Berwick, where it was embalmed and placed in a lead coffin before being transported to London. Catherine of Aragon, wife of Henry VIII, sent the dead king's slashed, blood-stained surcoat to Henry, who was fighting in France, with the recommendation that he use it as a war banner.
James IV's son, James V, was crowned three weeks after the disaster at Flodden, but he was not yet two years old, and his minority was to be fraught with political upheaval.*Alex

Philip I. AD 244-249. Æ Sestertius (27mm, 17.57 g, 12h). Rome mint, 1st officina. 8th emission, AD 248. Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopia. RIC IV 153a; Banti 38.paul1888

Hadrian Travel Series AR Den. 3.46 gm. AFRICA reclining l. holding scorpion & cornucopia, basket of fruit at feet, elephant-trunk headdress. RIC 2991 commentspaul1888

Gordian III. AD 238-244. Æ Sestertius (29mm, 21.20 g, 12h). Rome mint, 1st officina. 12th emission, AD 243. Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right / Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopia. RIC IV 330; Banti 29.1 commentspaul1888

Roman Empire, Severus Alexander 222-235, Silver Denarius
Ancient Coins - Roman Empire, Severus Alexander 222-235, Silver Denarius zoom view
3.08g
Laureate head of Severus Alexander right "IMP ALEXANDER PIVS AVG"
Providentia standing, head left, holding a cornucopiae and corn ears over a modius. "PROVIDENTIA AVG"
RSC 501paul1888

Aurelian (270-275). Radiate / Antoninianus (22mm, 3.72g, 6h). Siscia, 271-2. Radiate and cuirassed bust r. R/ Fortuna seated l. on wheel, holding rudder and cornucopia; S. RIC V online 1466; RIC V 128.paul1888

Commodus. Æ Sestertius. Ex Kricheldorf.
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Reign: Emperor, A.D. 177-192.
Denomination: Æ Sestertius.
Diameter: 30 mm.
Weight: 20.43 grams.
Mint: Rome, A.D. 180.
Obverse: Laureate head right.
Reverse: Commodus seated left on platform, holding roll, attended by officer holding scepter; Liberalitas standing facing, holding tessera and cornucopia; citizen mounting steps of platform.
Reference: RIC 300; Ex Kricheldrof, Liste 3 (1955), lot 70; Ex MünzZentrum Köln, Auktion 64 (1988), lot 359.2 commentspaul1888

Philip I the Arab, February 244 - Late September249 A.D., Seleucia ad Calycadnum, Cilicia. Orichalcum medallion, cf. RPC VIII U2169; SNG Levante 778; SNG BnF 1040; SNG Righetti 1630; SNG Pfalz 1078; BMC Cilicia p. 140, 50 (various legend arrangements), VF, broad flan, portrait, dark brown patina, light encrustation, a few small pits, marks, Seleukeia ad Calycadnum (Silifke, Turkey) mint, weight 34.823g, maximum diameter 40.0mm, die axis 180o, obverse AYT K M IOYΛIOC ΦIΛIΠΠOC CEB, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind; reverse CEΛEYKEΩN TΩN ΠPOCT, confronted busts of Tyche, right, draped, kalathos on head, cornucopia behind, and Apollo, left, laureate and draped, laurel branch before, KAΛYK/A∆N/Ω in three lines above, EΛEYΘEP/AC in two lines below; 40 millimeters1 commentspaul1888

INDO-PARTHIANS, Gondopharid Dynasty. Orthagnes (Gondophares-Gadana), circa 1 BC-AD 20/30. Tetradrachm (Bronze, 22 mm, 8.38 g, 12 h), uncertain mint in Arachosia. BACΙΛЄYC BACΙΛЄⲰN MЄΓAC OPΘAΓNOY Diademed and draped bust of Orthagnes to left. Rev. 'MAHARAJASA RAJATIRAJASA MAHATASA GUDAPHARASA GADANASA' (in Kharoshthi) Nike standing right, holding wreath in her right hand and palm frond over her left shoulder. Senior 257.13T. About very fine. Quant.Geek

Roman Imperial, Lucius Verus, 161-169 Denarius circa 162, AR 18mm., 2.77g. Bare head r. Rev. Providentia standing l., holding globe and cornucopia. C 155. RIC M. Aurelius 482.
Ex CNG e-sale 342, 2015, 594. From the D. Fagan Collection, purchased from Palladium Numismatics.paul1888

Roman Empire: Galerius as Augustus, Follis, 8.03 grams, Eastern half of Roman Empire, Praetorian Prefect of Diocletian. Obverse: Galerius facing right, IMP C GAL VAL MAXIMIANVS PF AVG; Reverse: Genius standing left, naked but for chlamys over left shoulder & modius on head, right holding patera, left cornucopiae; GENIO IMPERATORIS "To the genius of the emperor." ALE = Alexandria mint1 commentspaul1888

Postumus (260-269). Antoninianus. Treveri, 263-5. Radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust r. R/ Felicitas standing facing, head l., holding cornucopia in l. hand and caduceus in r. hand. RIC V 58; RSC 39a.Antonivs Protti

Caracalla & Julia Domna, AE 27 Pentassarion of Markianopolis, Moesia InferiorCaracalla & Julia Domna AE27 Pentassarion of Markianopolis, Moesia Inferior.
Obverse: ANTWNINOC AVGOVCTOC IOVLIA DOMNA, laureate, draped, cuirassed bust of Caracalla right facing draped bust of Julia Domna left.
Reverse: UP KUNTILIANOU MARKIANOPOLITWN, Tyche standing left, holding rudder and cornucopiae, Epsilon in upper left field.
Varbanov 1054 ; AMNG 678. 26.3 mm diam., 12.3 g
Previously a Forum coin RP63352 NORMAN K

JUSTINIAN I, AU Solidus, struck 545 - 565 at ConstantinopleObverse: D N IVSTINIANVS P P AVG. Cuirassed facing bust of Justinian I wearing plumed helmet and diadem from which two pearls depend on either side. Holding globus cruciger in his right hand and shield, adorned with rider galloping right, in his left.
Reverse: VICTORIA AVGGG A. Victory in the guise of an Angel standing facing holding long staff topped with staurogram in right hand and globus cruciger in left, eight pointed star in right field; in exergue CONOB. (The letter after AVGGG in the legend indicates the number of the officina, the A indicating the first officina on this coin).
Slightly clipped
Diameter: 20mm | Weight: 4.08gms | Die Axis: 6
SBCV: 140 | DOC: 9a
1 comments*Alex

Antoninius Pius, RIC II 967, 138-161 CE
Antoninius Pius AE Sestertius
Obverse: ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P IMP II, laureate head right.
Reverse: TR POT XX COS III S C, Securitas seated on chair formed by two cornucopia, holding sceptre and resting left arm on the top of one of the cornucopia.
30.5 mm., 21.7 g.NORMAN K

2nd - 1st Century BC, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Cantii, AE Potin, Minted between 100 and 30 BCObverse: No legend. Crude outline of head facing right; pellet within circle in centre.
Reverse: No legend. Crude lines representing a bull facing left, crescents above.
Flat Linear type, Class 1
Found, Thames Valley region, England
Diameter: 17mm | Weight: 1.9gms | Axis: 3h
BMC: 667-714 | SPINK: 63

The Cantii produced the first coins to be actually made in Britain.
These coins were cast in strips which were then cut into separate coins and as a result often retain characteristic cut edges from the runlets which joined them together.

THE CANTII (or Cantiaci)
The Cantii (after whom Kent and Canterbury are named) were the major tribal group in the South East region of England, bordered by the Atrebates, Regni and Catuvellauni.
This region was heavily influenced by continental cultures on the periphery of the early Roman world and this resulted in the Cantii producing the first coins actually made in Britain. These are known as “potins” and they were produced between the mid 2nd to the mid 1st century BC. The earliest versions are known as Kentish Primary, or Thurrock, types. Comparatively the later types, like those from the recently discovered Hillingdon Hoard, are of the “flat linear” type, which uses simplified and abstracted images. Similar coins from the late Iron Age have been found, but in much smaller quantities.
The word “potin” is of French origin and is used to describe these early coins which were cast in clay moulds from a copper alloy with a high tin content. They would have been shiny and silver-coloured when new, and though occasionally examples have turned up which retain this colouration, most coins by the time they get dug up have a characteristic black patina from tin oxidation. These were cast in strips which were then cut into separate coins and as a result often retain characteristic cut edges from the runlets which joined them together. The moulds themselves were made using “master” matrices of copper alloy which were cast with the design for one side of a coin in high relief and pressed into the clay. A rare example of a mould of this type was found a few miles west of the Surrey border in Hampshire.
The designs of the majority of potins found in England derive ultimately from coins produced in the Greek colonial Mediterranean city of Massalia (modern Marseilles) in southern Gaul in the late 4th century BC. These coins featured a head of Apollo on the obverse and a charging bull on the reverse. They were originally imported from the continent and later locally copied in the mid 2nd century BC, in the form of what are known as “Thurrock” types, which adhere closely to the original design. Later forms, known as “flat linear” types, greatly simplified this design into deep abstraction, ultimately reducing the head of Apollo to an outline and the bull to a trapezoidal arrangement of lines
We don’t know what these coins were called by the people who made them, or what they were worth in fiscal terms, but they are generally only found in south east England, which probably reflects the limits of the political and economic influence of the Cantii themselves. It isn't even clear what the role of these Iron Age coins actually was, though it is likely that they assisted in the maintenance of some kind of social power structure. Coins were not generally used as day to day currency by the people of Britain in the 1st and 2nd centuries BC, so apart from any monetary transactions, their range of uses probably included the storage of wealth, use as political tribute, and / or votive objects used as offerings to the gods.

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4 comments*Alex

Gallienus, RIC 585 var 2, 253-268 CEGallienus, AE antoninianus, sole reign
Obverse: GALLIENVS AVG, radiate, laureate head right.
Reverse: GALLIENVS AVG, Uberitas standing left, holding a purse and a cornucopia. Epsilon in right field
19 mm., 2.9 g. NORMAN K

1st Century BC - 1st Century CE, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Dobunni, AR Unit, uninscribed seriesObverse: Degraded Celtic “Moon Head” facing right, pellets/symbols in front.
Reverse: Celticised triple tailed horse galloping left; cross above, pellets around.
Diameter: 13.0mm | Weight: 0.67gms | Axis: 3h
SPINK: 377 | ABC 2024
RARE

THE DOBUNNI
The Dobunni were one of the few Iron Age tribes which issued coins before the arrival of the Romans. Their territory covered an area that today broadly coincides with the English counties of Bristol, Gloucestershire and the north of Somerset, although at times their territory may have extended into parts of what are now Herefordshire, Oxfordshire, Wiltshire, Worcestershire, and Warwickshire.
Remnants of several hillforts thought to have been occupied by the Dobunni can be seen in the Bristol area at Maes Knoll, Clifton Down, Burwalls and Stokeleigh, all overlooking the Avon Gorge, as well as at Kingsweston Down and Blaise Castle.
Unlike their neighbours, such as the Silures in what later became south-east Wales, the Dobunni were not a warlike people, being primarily a large group of farmers and craftspeople living in small villages. They submitted to the Romans even before they reached their territory, and after the Roman conquest they readily adopted a Romano-British lifestyle. The Romans gave the Dobunni capital the name of Corinium Dobunnorum, which is known as Cirencester today.

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*Alex

1st Century BC - 1st Century CE, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Trinovantes, AE Unit, Struck c.10 BC – 10 CE in Camulodunum(?) in Essex under DubnovellaunusObverse: Head facing right, hair(?) lines on head divided by clear centre parting.
Reverse: Horse prancing left; complex pellets and circles above and below.
Diameter: 13.5mm | Weight: 1.61gms | Axis: 3h
SPINK: -- | BMC -- | ABC 2413
VERY RARE

Very rare uninscribed bronze unit of Dubnovellaunus found in Essex. The type is designated as a “Dubnovellaunus Centre Parting” bronze unit in ABC (Ancient British Coins), and to date (January, 2023) it is unlisted in any other major reference works.

DUBNOVELLAUNUS
It is generally thought that Dubnovellaunus succeeded his father Addedomarus as king of the Trinovantes somewhere around 10-5 BC and ruled for several years before being supplanted by Cunobelinus of the Catuvellauni.
In the Res Gestae Divi Augusti, a British king called Dumnovellaunus appears, alongside Tincomarus of the Atrebates, as a supplicant to Augustus in around AD 7 and, given the chronology, it is indeed possible that Dubnovellaunus of the Trinovantes is the same person as the Dumnovellaunus who presented himself to Augustus. The spelling variation is due to a Celtic, rather than a Latin, interpretation of the ruler's name.
It is worth mentioning that the authors of ABC (Ancient British Coins) also think that Dubnovellaunus of the Trinovantes could possibly be the same individual as the Dumnovellaunus who ruled in Kent in the 30s - 20s BC, they suggest that he could have been a Cantian king who later gained control over the southern part of the Trinovantes and that therefore he might have ruled both territories north and south of the Thames estuary for a few years. It should be noted however, that Van Arsdell, an authority on the Celtic Coinage of Britain, emphatically disputes this.

TRINOVANTES
The Trinovantes were one of the Iron Age Celtic tribes of Pre-Roman Britain. Their territory was on the north side of the Thames estuary in the present day counties of Essex, Hertfordshire and Suffolk, and also included lands now located in Greater London. They were bordered to the north by the Iceni, and to the west by the Catuvellauni. Their capital was Camulodunum (modern Colchester).
Shortly before Julius Caesar's invasion of Britain in 55 and 54 BC, the Trinovantes were considered the most powerful tribe in Britain. At this time their capital was probably at Braughing (in modern-day Hertfordshire). In some copies of Caesar's Gallic War their king is referred to as Imanuentius, although no name is given in other copies which have come down to us. That said however, it seems that this king was overthrown by Cassivellaunus, king of the Catuvellauni, some time before Caesar's second expedition and that Imanuentius' son, Mandubracius, fled to the protection of Caesar in Gaul. During his second expedition Caesar defeated Cassivellaunus and restored Mandubracius to the kingship. Cassivellaunus agreed to pay tribute and also undertook not to attack him again.
The next identifiable king of the Trinovantes, known from numismatic evidence, was Addedomarus, who took power around 20 – 15 BCE, and moved the tribe's capital to Camulodunum. For a brief period, around 10 BCE, Tasciovanus of the Catuvellauni issued coins from Camulodunum, suggesting that he must have conquered the Trinovantes, but he was soon forced to withdraw, perhaps as a result of pressure from the Romans. Addedomarus was restored and Tasciovanus' later coins no longer bear the mark “REX”. Addedomarus was briefly succeeded by his son Dubnovellaunus, around 10 to 5 BCE, but a few years later the tribe was conquered by either Tasciovanus or his son Cunobelinus.
The Trinovantes do not appear in history again until their participation in Boudica's revolt against the Romans in 60 CE. After that though they seem to have embraced the Romanisation of Britain and their name was later given to one of the “civitates” of Roman Britain, whose chief town was Caesaromagus (modern Chelmsford in Essex).

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1 comments*Alex

Gallienus RIC 159 RomeGallienus (253-268), Antoninianus, Rome, AD 261-262 , Obverse:GALLIENVS AVG,radiate cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: AEQVITAS AVG, Aequitas standing facing, head left, holding cornucopiae right and scales left.. RIC V, 159; RSC 24; RCV 2966.
21.1 m., 4.1 g.NORMAN K

JUSTINIAN I, AE Follis (40 Nummi), struck 545/546 at CyzicusObverse: D N IVSTINIANVS P P AVG. Helmeted and cuirassed facing bust of Justinian I holding globus cruciger in his right hand and shield, adorned with rider galloping right spearing a fallen enemy, in his left; cross in right field.
Reverse: Large M, cross above and officina letter below (B = 2nd Officina), A/N/N/O in field to left of M and regnal year X/ЧI/II/I in field to right; in exergue, :K•YZ
Diameter: 34mm | Weight: 19.22gms | Die Axis: 6
SBCV: 207 | DOC: 171b.3

Justinian I introduced the system of dating on the Byzantine bronze coinage in the 12th year of his reign (Regnal year 538/39).

546: On December 17th of this year the Ostrogoths under King Totila plundered Rome and destroyed its fortifications. The city fell after almost a year's siege due to the capture, near the mouth of the Tiber, of a grain fleet sent by Pope Vigilius and the failure of the troops sent by the Byzantine Empire under Belisarius to relieve the city. After sacking Rome the Ostrogoths withdrew to Apulia in southern Italy.2 comments*Alex

Philip II, 359 - 336 BC. AE18. Struck after 356 BC at an uncertain mint in MacedoniaObverse: No legend. Young male head, usually identified as Apollo, with hair bound in a taenia, facing left.
Reverse: ΦIΛIΠΠOY, Naked rider on horse prancing left, uncertain control mark, often described as the head of a lion, beneath the horse. The control mark looks a bit like the ram on the prow of a galley to me, but that is just my personal opinion.
Diameter: 17.4mm | Weight: 6.9gms | Die Axis: 12
SNG ANS 872 - 874

The bronze series of this type is extensive and differentiated principally by the different control marks. These control marks are symbols and letters which generally appear on the reverse, very occasionally the obverse, of the coin, and they were used to identify the officials responsible for a particular issue of coinage.
Philip II won the horseback race at the 106th Olympics in 356 BC, and it is thought that the horseman on the reverse of this coin commemorates that event.

Philip II of Macedon was King of Macedon from 359 until his death in 336 BC. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III Arrhidaeus. In 357 BC, Philip married Olympias, who was the daughter of the king of the Molossians. Alexander was born in 356 BC, the same year as Philip's horse won at the Olympic Games.
Only Greeks were allowed to participate in the Olympic Games, and Philip was determined to convince his Athenian opposition that he was indeed worthy to be considered Greek. And, after successfully uniting Macedonia and Thessaly, Philip could legitimately participate in the Olympics. In 365 BC Philip entered his horse into the keles, a horseback race in the 106th Olympics, and won. He proceeded to win two more times, winning the four horse chariot race in the 352 BC 107th Olympics and the two horse chariot race in the 348 BC 108th Olympics. These were great victories for Philip because not only had he been admitted officially into the Olympic Games but he had also won, solidifying his standing as a true Greek.
The conquest and political consolidation of most of Greece during Philip's reign was achieved in part by the creation of the Macedonian phalanx which gave him an enormous advantage on the battlefield. After defeating Athens and Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC Philip II established the League of Corinth, a federation of Greek states, with him at it's head, with the intention of invading the Persian empire. In 336 BC he sent an army of 10,000 men into Asia Minor to make preparations for the invasion by freeing the Greeks living on the western coast and islands from Persian rule. All went well until the news arrived that Philip had been assassinated. The Macedonians were demoralized by Philip's death and were subsequently defeated by Persian forces near Magnesia.
Philip II was murdered in October 336 BC, at Aegae, the ancient capital of the Macedonian kingdom, while he was entering into the town's theatre. He was assassinated by Pausanius, one of his own bodyguards, who was himself slain by three of Philip's other bodyguards. The reasons for Philip's assassination are not now fully known, with many modern historians saying that, on the face of it, none of the ancient accounts which have come down to us appear to be credible.5 comments*Alex

Septimius Severus Denarius, RIC 411a, Emesa
Septimius Severus Denarius. Emesa mint, 194-195 CE.
Obverse: IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG COS II, laureate head right.
Reverse: MONET AVG, moneta standing left holding scales & cornucopiae.
18.5 mm., 3.2 g., RIC 411a, RSC 330. BMC 380
NORMAN K

2 Augustus IrippoAUGUSTUS
Æ Semis of Irippo, Spain, 27 BC - 14 AD

IRIPPO, Bare head of Augustus right within wreath / Female figure seated left, holding pine-cone and cornucopia; all within wreath.

RPC 55; SNG Cop. 152-4. VF, green patina
RI00101 commentsSosius

3 Tiberius Countermarked AE 30TIBERIUS
AE30 of uncertain mint in Commagene
19-20 A.D.

Laureate head right, with countermark: head of Hercules within circle / Winged caduceus between two cornucopiae.

RIC 89, RPC 3868. RIC 89. BMC 174.
Thanks to FORVM member R. Smits for helping to ID the countermark.
RI00531 commentsSosius

41 - 54, Claudius I, AE Dupondius, Irregular (barbarous) issue struck after 43AD in BritanniaObverse: Blundered legend. Bare head of Claudius I facing left.
Reverse: Blundered legend. Ceres, veiled, seated facing left, holding grain ears and long torch.
Diameter: 26mm | Weight: 9.5gms | Die Axis: 11h
SPINK: 745
Green Patina. Scarce. Found near Sleaford, Lincolnshire, UK

These irregular coins are associated with the Claudian invasion of Britain in 43AD. It appears likely that the authorities allowed them to be struck to augment the scanty supply of bronze from the central mint of Rome and the evidence available from museums and recorded in numismatic literature would seem to bear this out.
Although it is difficult to work out the proportion that these copies bear to the official issues on a national scale, it is quite evident that it is of a considerable size, about 20% on an average over the whole area in which Claudian coins are found, and in some localities well over 50%. When you consider that the actual area over which these coins are found exactly covers the areas of the first conquests, and there are no credible reasons for supposing them to be Gallic importations, the likelihood is that they were struck in Britain itself. Those barbarous examples found beyond the Fosse Way bear witness to the spread of the new coinage, and also to its continuance during the subsequent years of conquest..
The actual types found are equally strong evidence for the connection of these copies with the Claudian legions. Copies of Sestertii are rare, Dupondii less so, but the majority, about 70% of the Claudian copies found in England, are Asses.
Irregular issues of all the foregoing types are found in varying stages of degradation, ranging from coins which show all the detail, and much of the excellence of the official prototypes, down to rough unskilful productions of crude and barbarous style.
The majority of copies, particularly the good ones, have been found in or near the towns which were either administrative and/or military centres, such as Lincoln and Gloucester. This seems to indicate that the coining of irregular issues were, if not official, an acceptable method of supplementing the military funds to pay the troops during the conquest. The first generation copies, since they were intended for paying the soldiers, were fairly accurate in style and weight. In time though, once they had circulated through the tribal centres and the lands that lay between and behind the chief Roman military posts and been absorbed into currency, the copies would themselves be copied. These second-degree copies became proportionately less faithful to the originals and are extremely numerous at such tribal centres as Cirencester, Silchester, Winchester and Dorchester, which were civil, but not military, towns.*Alex

41cfCarausius 287-93AD
Antoninianus
Obv “IMP C CARAVSIVS PF AVG”
Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev “HILARITAS AVG”
Hilaritas standing left holding branch and cornucopia
London mint
S/P//ML
RIC - (cf 41)mauseus

41cfCarausius 287-93AD
Antoninianus
Obv “IMP CARAVSIVS PF AVG”
Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev “HILARITA AVG” (sic)
Hilaritas standing left holding branch and cornucopia
London mint
B/E//MLXXI
RIC - (cf 41)mauseus

42Carausius 287-93AD
Antoninianus
Obv “IMP C CARAVSIVS PF AVG”
Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev “HILARITAS AVGGG”
Hilaritas standing left holding branch and cornucopia
London mint
S/P//MLXXI
RIC 42mauseus

9 Vitellius Denarius, 69 ADVITELLIUS
AR denarius, Rome Mint (3.13g)
January 2 - December 20, 69 A.D.

O: A VITELLIVS GERMAN IMP AVG TR P, laureate head right

R: CONCOR-DIA P R, Concordia seated left holding patera and cornucopia;

RIC I 73 scarce, Cohen 20

I am unsure of authenticity. The only way to determine once and for all will be to clean this one...
RI0072

Sosius

Constantius I Chloris, RIC 169a, Siscia, 305-306 CEConstantius I Chloris as Augustus, ¼ follis
Obverse: CONSTANTIVS AVG, laureate bust right.
Reverse: GENIO POP VLI ROMANI, Genius standing left, nude with chlamys over shoulder and modius on head, patera in right hand and cornucopia in left hand.
Mintmark SIS Siscia mint RIC VI 169a.
18.9 mm., 1.8 g.
NORMAN K

Hadrian, RIC II 759, Rome, 117-138 CEOrichaicum Sestertius
Obverse: HADRIANVS AVG COS III P P, laureate head right.
Reverse: FORTVNA AVG, Fortuna standing left, rudder in right hand, cornucopia in left hand.
Rome mint 31 mm., 24.7 g.
sold 1-2018NORMAN K

Louis XIV (1643 – 1715), AE Jeton struck c.1650Obverse: LVD•XIIII•D•G•FR•ET•NAV•REX. Laureate and draped youthful bust of Louis XIV facing right.
Reverse: IVSTIS•SPES•PACIS•IN ARMIS. Pax, helmeted, seated on a pile of arms, holding an olive branch in her outstretched right hand and a narrow cornucopia in her left.
Dimensions: 27.94mm | Weight: 6.8gms | Die Axis: 12
Ref. Feuardent: 12482 var.

Struck at unverified mint, probably Monnaie de Louvre, Paris, France
Die engraver: Jean Varin

Jean Varin (6 February 1604 Liège – 26 August 1672 Paris) was a French sculptor and engraver who made important innovations in the process of minting coins. He moved to Paris in 1625 or 1626 where, after demonstrating his talent as an engraver, he obtained the support of Cardinal Richelieu and in 1629 he was assigned as a “Conducteur de la Monnaie du Moulin”. In 1647 he was appointed head of the French mint, and became “engraver of the king's seal” and a member of the Academy of painting and sculpture. Varin brought back the use of the screw press in the mint, initially using it to produce a gold coin, the Louis d'or, which featured his youthful portrait of the King which is similar to that on this jeton.

This jeton, likely struck between 1650 and 1653, commemorates the signing of the Treaty of Münster between France and the Holy Roman Empire on 15 May 1648 which ended the Thirty Years War. France, to the detriment of the Holy Roman Empire, retained control of the bishoprics of Metz, Toul and Verdun near Lorraine as well as receiving the city of Pignerol near the Spanish Duchy of Milan and the cities of the Décapole in Alsace, excluding Strasbourg.
*Alex

Maximianus IMaximianus
Siscia mint
MAXIMIANVS AVG
Laureate bust right
GENIO POPVLI ROMANI
Genius standing left with patera and cornucopia
-/-//SIS
RIC (VI) Siscia 169b2 commentsmauseus

Maximinus II RIC 207c Siscia
Maximinus II follis, 311 CE
Obverse: IMP MAXIMINVS P F AVG, laureate bust right.
Reverse: GENIO AV-GVSTI, Genius standing left, modius on headn naked but for chlamys over shoulder, holding patera and cornucopia.
SIS in ex. Siscia mint. 25.3 mm., 6.9 g.NORMAN K

Philip I. RIC 28c RomeSilver Antoninian of Philippus I, 244-249 CE
Obverse: IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG - Radiate bust right, draped and cuirassed
Reverse: ANNONA AVGG, Annona standing left, holding corn-ears over
a modius left and cornucopiae.
Rome mint: 246 CE (5th Issue, 5th Officina) = RIC IViii, 28c, page 71 - Cohen 25
21.3 mm., 3.9 g.
sold 4-2018NORMAN K

Procopius AE3, 365 CE.Obverse: D N PROCO-PIVS P F AVG, diademed, draped and cuirassed bust left.
Reverse: REPARATIO FEL TEMP, Emperor standing facing, head right, holding labarum in right hand and resting left hand on shield. Chi-ro at top right.
Uncertain mint, 17.2 mm, 2.4 g.NORMAN K

Tacitus Silvered Antoninianus RIC V 82Tacitus Silvered Antoninianus 275-276 CE.
Obverse: IMP CM CL TACITVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: AEQVITAS AVG, Aeqvitas standing left holding scales and cornucopia.
22.4 mm., 3.6 g. Rome mint
NORMAN K

064 - Septimius Severus denarius - RIC -Obv:– L SEPT SEVER P-ERT AVG IMP VI-II., Laureate head right
Rev:– FORT REDVC, Fortuna seated left holding rudder and cornucopia
Minted in Laodicea ad Mare, A.D. 196 – 197
References:– RIC -, RSC -, BMCRE -

3.06gms. 18.26mm. 0 degreesmaridvnvm

064 - Septimius Severus denarius - RIC - (451 var)Obv:– L SEPT SEV P-ERTE AVG IMP II, Laureate head right
Rev:– FORT R-DEVC, Fortuna seated left holding rudder and cornucopiae
Minted in Laodicea-ad-Mare. A.D. 194
Ref:– BMC W Page 108 * var (citing Cohen 168 though Cohen 168 is PERT). RIC 451 var (451 listed for PERT and noted for PERET (RD)). RSC 168 var (PERTE for PERT)maridvnvm

064 - Septimius Severus denarius - RIC - error - obvDenarius
Obv:– IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG COS I - I, Laureate head right
Rev:– FELICITAS TEMPOR, grain ear between crossed cornucopiae / VICTOR SEVER AVG, Victory walking left, holding wreath in right hand, palm in left.
Minted in Rome. A.D. 194-195
Reference:– BMCRE 347 note/ BMCRE 399. RIC 347A/RIC 428. RSC 141b/RSC 749

The reverse of this coin has been struck with two diffrerent reverse dies during the strking process. The coin was originally struck, not removed and then struck again with a different reverse die. maridvnvm

1 DiocletianDIOCLETIAN
Silvered Follis, Rome, Struck 302-3 AD

IMP C DIOCLETIANVS PF AVG, bust l. / SAC MON VRB AVGG ET CAESS NN, Moneta standing left holding scales and cornucopiae, star in l. field, RP in ex.

RIC VI Rome 105a gVF Sosius

1 Claudius IICLAUDIUS II
AE Antoninianus. Rome mint, 268-270 AD
IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG, radiate, cuirassed bust r., seen from back / VICTORIA AVG, Victory st. l. with wreath and cornucopiae.
RIC 104, Cohen 293; Sear5 11378. VF
Sosius

1 DiocletianDIOCLETIAN
AE1 Follis (9.63g), Serdica Mint, Struck 303-305 AD
R: GENIO POPVLIA ROMANI, Genius standing l. pouring liquid from patera and holding cornucopia, .SM.SD. in ex., B in r. field
RIC 3a, Officina B-2
Ex Harlan J. BerkSosius

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