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1dp Carus282-283
AE antoninianus
Radiate draped bust, right, IMP C M AVR CARVS P F AVG
Emperor standing right, receiving Victory on globe from Jupiter standing left, G between, XXI in ex, CLEMENTIA TEMP
RIC 118
The Historia Augusta recorded: Let us, rather, pass on to Carus, a mediocre man, so to speak, but one to be ranked with the good rather than the evil princes, yet a better ruler by far, had he not left Carinus to be his heir. . . . In regard to Cams' birthplace there is such divergence of statement among the various writers that by reason of the very great difference among them I am unable to tell what it really was. . . . He, then, after rising through the various civil and military grades, as the inscriptions on his statues show, was made prefect of the guard by Probus, and he won such affection among the soldiers that when Probus, that great emperor, was slain, he alone seemed wholly worthy of the imperial power. I am not unaware that many have suspected and, in fact, have put it into the records that Probus was slain by the treachery of Carus. This, however, neither the kindness of Probus toward Carus nor Carus' own character will permit us to believe, and there is the further reason that he avenged the death of Probus with the utmost severity and steadfastness. . . .
[Zonaras adds: Another war against Galienus was incited by Macrinus, who, having two sons, Macrianus and Quintus, attempted a usurpation. Because he was lame in one leg, he did not don the imperial mantle, but clad his sons in it.]
And so. . . , as soon as he received the imperial power, by the unanimous wish of all the soldiers he took up the war against the Persians for which Probus had been preparing. He gave to his sons the name of Caesar, planning to despatch Carinus, with some carefully selected men, to govern the provinces of Gaul, and to take along with himself Numerian, a most excellent and eloquent young man. . . . [H]e conquered Mesopotamia and advanced as far as Ctesiphon; and while the Persians were busied with internal strife he won the name of Conqueror of Persia. But when he advanced still further, desirous himself of glory and urged on most of all by his prefect, who in his wish to rule was seeking the destruction of both Carus and his sons as well, he met his death, according to some, by disease, according to others, through a stroke of lightning.
Zonaras wrote: He was a Gaul by ancestry, but brave and accomplished in matters of warfare. The account of his death has been variously composed by those who have done historical research. Some say that, having campaigned against the Huns, he was killed there. Others say that he was encamped by the River Tigris and that there, in the place where his army had thrown up a palisade, his tent was struck by lightning, and they record that, along with it, he too was destroyed.Blindado
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1eu Theodosius379-395
AE4
Pearl diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right, D N THEODOSIVS P F AVG
VOT V MVLT X within wreath, ASISC in ex
RIC 29d
Zosimus recorded: [Valentinian] commanded some legions from the stations in Pannonia and Moesia, to embark for Africa [to crush a rebellion]. On this the Sarmatians and the Quadi. . . , availing themselves, of the opportunity afforded by the departure of the legions for Africa, invaded the Pannonians and Moesians. . . . The barbarians therefore revenged themselves by plundering all the country along the Ister, carrying off all that they found in the towns. The Pannonians were by these means exposed to the cruelty of the barbarians, while the soldiers were extremely negligent in the defence of their towns, and committed as much mischief as the Barbarians themselves in all places on this side of the river. But Moesia was free from harm, because Theodosius, who commanded the forces there, courageously resisted the Barbarians, and routed them when they attacked him. By that victory he not only acquired great renown, but subsequently attained the imperial dignity. . . .
When the affairs of the empire were reduced to this low condition, Victor, who commanded the Roman cavalry, escaping the danger with some of his troops, entered Macedon and Thessaly. From thence he proceeded into Moesia and Pannonia, and informed Gratian, who was then in that quarter, of what had occurred, and of the loss of the emperor [Valens] and his army. Gratian received the intelligence without uneasiness, and was little grieved at the death of his uncle, a disagreement having existed between them. Finding himself unable to manage affairs, Thrace being ravaged by the Barbarians, as were likewise Pannonia and Moesia, and the towns upon the Rhine being infested by the neighbouring Barbarians without controul, he chose for his associate in the empire, Theodosius, who was a native of a town called Cauca, in the part of Spain called Hispania Callaecia, and who possessed great knowledge and experience of military affairs. Having given him the government of Thrace and the eastern provinces, Gratian himself proceeded to the west of Gaul, in order, if possible, to compose affairs in that quarter. . . .
During the stay of the new emperor, Theodosius, at Thesslonica, a great concourse arrived there from all parts of persons soliciting him on business, both public and private; who having obtained of him whatever he could conveniently grant, returned, to their homes. As a great multitude of the Scythians beyond the Ister, the Gotthi, and the Taiphali, and other tribes that formerly dwelt among them, had crossed the river, and were driven to infest the Roman dominions, because the Huns, had expelled them from their own country, the emperor Theodosius prepared for war with all his forces. . . . The army having made this good use of the occasion afforded by fortune, the affairs of Thrace, which had been on the brink of ruin, were now, the Barbarians being crushed beyond all hope, re-established in peace. . . .
Meanwhile, the emperor Theodosius, residing in Thessalonica, was easy of access to all who wished to see him. Having commenced his reign in luxury and indolence, he threw the magistracy into disorder, and increased the number of his military officers. . . . As he squandered the public money without consideration, bestowing it on unworthy persons, he consequently impoverished himself. He therefore sold the government of provinces to any who would purchase them, without regard to the reputation or ablity of the persons, esteeming him the best qualified who brought him the most gold or silver. . . .
Maximus, who deemed his appointments inferior to his merits, being only governor of the countries formerly under Gratian, projected how to depose the young Valentinian from the empire. . . . This so much surprised Valentinian, and rendered his situation so desperate, that his courtiers were alarmed lest he should be taken by Maximus and put to death. He, therefore, immediately embarked,and sailed to Thessalonica with his mother Justina. . . . [A]rriving at Thessalonica, they sent messengers to the emperor Theodosius, intreating him now at least to revenge the injuries committed against the family of Valentinian. . . . The emperor, being delivered from this alarm, marched with great resolution with his whole army against Maximus. . . . Theodosius, having passed through Pannonia and the defiles of the Appennines, attacked unawares the forces of Maximus before they were prepared for him. A part of his army, having pursued them with the utmost speed, forced their way through the gates of Aquileia, the guards being too few to resist them. Maximus was torn from his imperial throne while in the act of distributing money to his soldiers, and being stripped of his imperial robes, was brought to Theodosius, who, having in reproach enumerated some of his crimes against the commonwealth, delivered him to the common executioner to receive due punishment. . . . The emperor Theodosius, having consigned Italy, Spain, Celtica, and Libya to his son Honorius, died of a disease on his journey towards Constantinople. Blindado
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502. Constantine II Siscia GLORIA EXERCITVSSiscia
All that remains from prehistoric inhabitants on this area are small statues of idols and tools. Indigenous Illyrian tribes were conquered in the 4th century by the Celts. Celts ethically and culturally mixed with Illyric tribes and established on the right bank of the river Kupa a settlement called Segestica. Illyric and Celtic tribes succeeded in withstanding Roman pressures until the year 35 BC when Emperor Octavian with 12,000 soldiers conquered Segestica after a thirty - day siege.
After Romans had conquered Segestica, they built Siscia on the left bank of the river Kupa (right below the centre of today's Sisak). Siscia was the capital town of the Province of Pannonia Savia, where 40,000 inhabitants resided. The town had the forum, basilicas, temples, an empire mint, a theatre and two ports.
Christianity was spreading unstoppably and encompassed the town of Sisak. The first known Bishop of Sisak was Kvirin from 284 AD until his martyr's death, probably in the year 303 AD.
With gradual collapse of the Roman Empire, the importance of Sisak declined and the great migration brought to Sisak Huns, Gauls, Avars and Slavs. Slav tribes remained in this area and eventually the Slav language became dominant.
RIC VII Siscia 253 R3
ecoli
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Hephthalites, Nezak Huns, unknown king, Göbl 198AE 27 (drachm), 3.8g
struck in Kapisa, Kabul, AD 515-680(?)
obv. Bust, wearing winged helmet, draped and with ear-rings, bull protoe above
r. NPKI MLKA, l. letter A (all in Pahlevi)
rev. fire-altar, on each side a stylized attendant, sun-wheels above their heads
Göbl 198, Mitchener 1510-12
VF/F+, nice green Patina, perfectly centered
Nezak Melka, the legend on the coin, probably is not the name of a king but a title.Jochen
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Huns, Hephthalites or "White Huns", Napki Malka, (cc. 475-575 A.D.), AR-Drachm, M. 1502, Göbl 198, King left on throne, #1Huns, Hephthalites or "White Huns", Napki Malka, (cc. 475-575 A.D.), AR-Drachm, M. 1502, Göbl 198, King left on throne, #1
avers: Bust of Napki Malka in winged bull's head crown right.
revers: Fire altar flanked by two Hepthalite tankas, sun-wheels above their heads.
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 28,0mm, weight: 2,66g, axes: 3h,
mint: Huns, Hephthalites, Kabul/Zabul, date: cc. 475-575 A.D., ref: M.1502, Göbl 198,
Q-001
"Napki Malka was a Hephthalite king of the 6th-7th century, and possibly the founder of a dynasty bearing the same name. On his coins, his name appears in Pahlavi script as "npky MLK". He was ruling in the area of Kabul , modern Afghanistan." quadrans
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Huns, Nezak Huns, Anonymous II. King, "Nycky MLKA", (cc. 460-560 A.D.), Göbl Hunnen Em. 198, AR-Drachm, Fire altar,Huns, Nezak Huns, Anonymous II. King, "Nycky MLKA", (cc. 460-560 A.D.), Göbl Hunnen Em. 198, AR-Drachm, Fire altar,
avers: Bust of Emperor in winged bull's head crown right.
reverse: Fire altar with ribbons and attendants; solar wheels above attendants.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 30,5mm, weight: 3,32g, axes: 3h,
mint: Nezak Hun, Kabul-Zabul mint, date: cc. 460-560 A.D., ref: Göbl Hunnen Em. 198,
Q-001quadrans
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Huns, Nezak Huns, Anonymous King, "Nycky MLKA", (cc. 460-560 A.D.), AR-Drachm, Fire altar,Huns, Nezak Huns, Anonymous King, "Nycky MLKA", (cc. 460-560 A.D.), AR-Drachm, Fire altar,
avers: Bust of Emperor in winged bull's head crown right.
revers: Fire altar with ribbons and attendants; solar wheels above attendants.
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 25,5-27,0mm, weight: 3,49g, axes: 3h,
mint: Nezak Hun, Ghanzi mint, date: cc. 460-560 A.D., ref: Göbl, Dokumente 222/V., Ex CNG,
Q-001
quadrans
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nezak hunsNezak Huns, "Srio Shaho", c. AD 711-719. AE 1/4 Drachm (1.24gm, 15mm), Gandhara. Trident crown type with Bactrian legend. MACW 1495; Göbl 238.dpaul7
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Nezak Huns, AE Drachm, 600-700 AD, Kabul mintHUNNIC TRIBES, Nezak Huns. Anonymous Group I (Npki Mlka).
Circa 600-700 AD.
Æ Drachm. (27mm, 3.39 g, 4h)
Kabul mint.
'NPKY MLK' in Pahlavi, bust right with winged bull's head crown; 'A' in Pahlavi behind
Fire altar with attendants; wheel symbols in fields above, control marks in outer fields
Göbl, Dokumente Em. 198/34; cf. MACW 1510Ardatirion
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Nezak Huns, Spalapati DevaAR Jital, 3.1g, 19mm, 11h; AD 750-850
Obv.: Horseman right holding lance.
Rev.: Bull left, Sarada script.
Reference: Tye 5.John Anthony
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