| Image search results - "GENETRIX" |
24.5 Julia DomnaJULIA DOMNA
AR Denarius. (3.2g), 216 AD
IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG, draped bust right / VENVS GENETRIX, Venus seated left, extending right hand and holding sceptre in left.
RIC 388c [Caracalla], RSC 212, BMC 23B; VF
Ex. Ancient Roman Coins, Fort Collins, COSosius
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0112 - Denarius Julia Domna 211-17 ACObv/ Draped bust of J.D. r.
Rev/ VENVS GENETRIX, Venus seated l., extending r.h. and holding scepter in her l.
Ag, 19.2 mm, 3.15 g
Mint: Roma.
BMCRE V/26 – RIC IV.1/388c [C]
ex-VEA, auction 6, lot 75dafnis
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0144 - Antoninianus Julia Domna 211-17 ACObv/ IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG, draped bust of J.D. r., crescent below.
Rev/ VENVS GENETRIX, Venus draped, seated l., r.h. extended and l.h. holding scepter.
Ag, 23.0 mm, 4.58 g
Mint: Roma.
BMCRE V/23A – RIC IV.1/388a [S]
ex-J.B. González Redondo (denarios.org), jul 2011dafnis
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030d02. Julia PaulaDenarius. 219 AD. Obv: IVLIA PAVLA AVG, draped bust right. Rev: VENVS GENETRIX, Venus seated left, holding apple and sceptre. RIC 222, RSC 21.lawrence c
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040. Magnia UrbicaMagnia Urbica. AE Antoninianus. Lugdunum mint.
Obv. Draped and diademed bust right on crescent MAGNIA VRBICA AVG.
Rev. Venus Genetrix standing left holding gapple and sceptre, shield at feet VENVS GENETRIX, D in left field.
RIC V pt. 2, 337. R2.
A coin ive been looking for for a long time, Magnia Urbica has by far the finest portraits of any post-Severan empress
LordBest
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047c Julia Domna. AR Antoninianusobv: IVIA PIA FELEX AVG dia. and drp. bust r. set in cresent
rev: VENVS GENETRIX Venus std. l. extending r. hand and holding sceptrehill132
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050a Julia Domna (170-217 A.D.), RIC IV-I 388A (Caracalla), Rome, AR-Antoninianus, VENVS GENETRIX, Venus seated left, 050a Julia Domna (170-217 A.D.), RIC IV-I 388A (Caracalla), Rome, AR-Antoninianus, VENVS GENETRIX, Venus seated left,
avers:- IVLIA-PIA-FELIX-AVG, Diademed and draped bust right on crescent.
revers:- VENVS-GENETRIX, Venus seated left, extending right hand and holding sceptre in left.
exe:-/-//--, diameter: 21,5-22mm, weight: 3,80g, axis: 0h,
mint: Rome, date: 216 A.D., ref: RIC-IV-I-388A (Caracalla), p-, C-211, BMCRE 22-23A (Caracalla),
Black toned coin like a "limes" coin .
Q-001quadrans
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050a Julia Domna (170-217 A.D.), Rome, RIC IV-I 388A (Caracalla), AR-Antoninianus, VENVS GENETRIX, Venus seated left, #1050a Julia Domna (170-217 A.D.), Rome, RIC IV-I 388A (Caracalla), AR-Antoninianus, VENVS GENETRIX, Venus seated left, #1
avers: IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG, Diademed and draped bust right on crescent.
reverse: VENVS GENETRIX, Venus seated left, extending the right hand and holding a scepter in left.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 21,5-22,0mm, weight: 3,80g, axis: 0h,
mint: Rome, date: 216 A.D.,
ref: RIC IV-I 388A (Caracalla), p-, C 211, BMCRE 22-23A (Caracalla),
Black toned coin like a "limes" coin.
Q-001quadrans
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050a Julia Domna (170-217 A.D.), Rome, RIC IV-I 389A (Caracalla), AR-Antoninianus, VENVS GENETRIX, Venus seated left, Scarce! #1050a Julia Domna (170-217 A.D.), Rome, RIC IV-I 389A (Caracalla), AR-Antoninianus, VENVS GENETRIX, Venus seated left, Scarce! #1
avers: IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG, Diademed and draped bust right on crescent.
reverse: VENVS GENETRIX, Venus seated left, holding scepter and apple, Cupid standing right before.
exergue:-/-//--, diameter: 21,5-22mm, weight: 3,80g, axis: 0h,
mint: Rome, date: 216 A.D.,
ref: RIC IV-I 389A (Caracalla), p-274, RSC 204, (Caracalla), Scarce!
Q-001quadrans
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064 Iulia Mamaea (190-235 A.D.), RIC IV-II 355, Rome, AR-Denarius, VENVS GENETRIX, Venus standing left, #1064 Iulia Mamaea (190-235 A.D.), RIC IV-II 355, Rome, AR-Denarius, VENVS GENETRIX, Venus standing left, #1
avers:-IVLIA-MA-MAEA-AVG, Diademed bust right, draped.
revers:-VENVS-GE-N-ETRIX, Venus standing left, holding helmet and scepter; Cupid to left.
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 19-20mm, weight: 2,94g, axis: h,
mint: Rome, date: 223 A.D., ref: RIC-IV-II-355, p-99, C-72,
Q-001quadrans
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064 Iulia Mamaea (190-235 A.D.), RIC IV-II 355, Rome, AR-Denarius, VENVS GENETRIX, Venus standing left, #2064 Iulia Mamaea (190-235 A.D.), RIC IV-II 355, Rome, AR-Denarius, VENVS GENETRIX, Venus standing left, #2
avers:-IVLIA-MA-MAEA-AVG, Diademed bust right, draped.
revers:-VENVS-GE-N-ETRIX, Venus standing left, holding helmet and scepter; Cupid to left.
exerg: -/-//--, diameter: 17-18mm, weight: 2,52g, axis: 6h,
mint: Rome, date: 223 A.D., ref: RIC-IV-II-355, p-99, C-72,
Q-002quadrans
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064 Iulia Mamaea (190-235 A.D.), RIC IV-II 355, Rome, AR-Denarius, VENVS GENETRIX, Venus standing left, #3064 Iulia Mamaea (190-235 A.D.), RIC IV-II 355, Rome, AR-Denarius, VENVS GENETRIX, Venus standing left, #3
avers:-IVLIA-MA-MAEA-AVG, Diademed bust right, draped.
revers:-VENVS-G-E-NETRIX, Venus standing left, holding helmet and scepter; Cupid to left.
exerg: -/-//, diameter: 19,5mm, weight: 3,05g, axis: 2h,
mint: Rome, date: 223 A.D., ref: RIC-IV-II-355, p-99, C-72,
Q-003quadrans
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065 - Julia Domna Antoninianus - RIC IV 381 [Caracalla]Obv:– IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG, draped bust right, resting on a crescent
Rev:– VENVS GENETRIX, Venus seated left holding branch & scepter
Minted in Rome.
Reference:– RIC IV 381 [Caracalla]. RSC 111.maridvnvm
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065 - Julia Domna denarius - RIC 388cObv:– IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG, Draped bust facing right
Rev:– VENVS GENETRIX, Venus seated left with scepter & right hand extended
Minted in Rome, A.D. 216
References:– VM 51a, RIC 388c, RCV02 7106, RSC 212
A reasonable example of the older bust. maridvnvm
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065 - Julia Domna denarius - RIC 389 foureeObv:– IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG, Draped bust facing right
Rev:– VENVS GENETRIX, Venus seated left with scepter & right hand extended, cupid at feet
Minted in Rome, A.D. 217
References:– RIC 389 foureemaridvnvm
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071b01. Magnia UrbicaAE Antoninianus. Lugdunum mint. Obv: MAGNIA VRBICA AVG, diademed and draped bust right, resting on crescent. Rev: VENVS GENETRIX, Venus standing left, holding apple and sceptre, shield at feet, D in left field. RIC 337, Cohen 11. A FORUM coin.lawrence c
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138 - Magnia Urbica - RIC 337 - (D | _)AE Antoninianus.
Obv:– MAGNIA VRBICA AVG, Draped bust right on crescent, hair brushed in straight lines, plait carried up the back to top of head and running under stephane
Rev:– VENVS GENETRIX, Venus standing facing, head left, apple upward in right hand, vertical scepter in left
Minted in Lugdunum (D in left field).
RIC V pt. 2, 337. Bastien 617
Some areas flatly struck but still a quite pleasing example.maridvnvm
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138 - Magnia Urbica - RIC 337 var - (A | _)AE Antoninianus.
Obv:– MAGNIA VRBICA AVG, Draped bust right on crescent, hair brushed in straight lines, plait carried up the back to top of head and running under stephane
Rev:– VENVS GENETRIX, Venus standing facing, head left, apple upward in right hand, vertical scepter in left
Minted in Lugdunum (A in left field).
RIC V pt. 2, 337 var (not listed from this officina). Bastien -, Bastien Supplement -, Bastien Supplement II 613α (2 examples cited)
23mm, 3.16gmaridvnvm
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202a. PlautillaVenus
The Roman goddess of love and beauty, but originally a vegetation goddess and patroness of gardens and vineyards. Later, under Greek influence, she was equated with Aphrodite and assumed many of her aspects. Her cult originated from Ardea and Lavinium in Latium. The oldest temple known of Venus dates back to 293 BCE, and was inaugurated on August 18. Later, on this date the Vinalia Rustica was observed. A second festival, that of the Veneralia, was celebrated on April 1 in honor of Venus Verticordia, who later became the protector against vice. Her temple was built in 114 BCE. After the Roman defeat near Lake Trasum in 215 BCE, a temple was built on the Capitol for Venus Erycina. This temple was officially opened on April 23, and a festival, the Vinalia Priora, was instituted to celebrate the occasion.
Venus is the daughter of Jupiter, and some of her lovers include Mars and Vulcan, modeled on the affairs of Aphrodite. Venus' importance rose, and that of her cult, through the influence of several Roman political leaders. The dictator Sulla made her his patroness, and both Julius Caesar and the emperor Augustus named her the ancestor of their (Julian) family: the 'gens Julia' was Aeneas, son of Venus and the mortal Anchises. Ceasar introduced the cult of Venus Genetrix, the goddess of motherhood and marriage, and built a temple for her in 46 BCE. She was also honored in the temple of Mars Ultor. The last great temple of Venus was built by the emperor Hadrianus near the Colusseum in 135 CE.
Roman statues and portraits of Venus are usually identical to the Greek representations of Aphrodite.
AR Denarius. PLAVTILLA AVGVSTA, draped bust right / VENVS VICTRIX, Venus standing left holding apple & palm, leaning on shield, Cupid at her feet. RSC 25.
ecoli
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219Julia Paula
Denarius
Obv:IVLIA PAVLA AVG
Draped bust right
Rev: VENVS GENETRIX
Venus enthroned left holding apple and sceptre
Rome mint
RIC 222mauseus
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23. J. Paula.Denarius, 219 - 220 AD, Rome mint.
Obverse: IVLIA PAVLA AVG / Bust of Julia Paula.
Reverse: VENVS GENETRIX / Venus seated, holding globe and sceptre.
2.06 gm., 19 mm.
RIC #222; Sear #7658.Callimachus
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46-45 BC Gauis Julius CaesarDiademed head of Venus right, small cupid at shoulder behind
CAESAR
trophy of Gallic arms between two seated male and female captives
Spain 46-45 BC
3.71g
Sear 1404
ex-Calgary coins
Minted for the Spanish campaign against the Pompey brothers, the obverse of this series is occupied by the head of Venus, ancestress of the Julia gens along with a small Cupid identifying her as Venus Genetrix. Caesar had recently dedicated a temple in the forum to her. The reverse revives the theme of victory in Gaul probably to remind his veteran legions of the glory and success in years past. These veterans who were overdue for discharge were now being called on to face the Pompeian threat for the third time in two and a half years.
SOLD Forum Auction May 2016Jay GT4
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Augustus and Livia , Colonial Romula (Seville), Minted by TiberusAugustus and Livia, minted by Tiberius, 14 Aug 19 - 16 Mar 37 A.D.
This coin associates Livia with globe and crescent symbols and refers to her as Augusta Genetrix Orbis, Sacred Mother of the World. This extraordinary title was never official and is not used on any other coin type for any empress.
5474. Orichalcum dupondius, RPC I 73, Alverez Burgos 1587, aF, Colonia Romula mint, 25.1g, 33.4mm, 180°, obverse PERM DIVI AVG COL ROM, Augustus radiate head right, star above, thunderbolt right; reverse IVLIA AVGVSTA GENETRIX ORBIS, Livia head left on globe, crescent above;
sold 4-2018NORMAN K
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Caesar: Grandfather of Mark Antony CAESAR
Head of young Mars left wearing a crested helmet
Rev.
L IVLI L F
Venus Genetrix in Biga left drawn by two cupids, before them a lyre
Rome 103 BC
Sear 198
ex-Harlan J. Berk
Lucius Julius Caesar was Mark Antony's grandfather and Gaius Julius Caesar's cousin. He was moneyer in 103 BC and tried in vain to obtain the quaestorship. However he was praetor in 94 and then became the proconsul of Macedonia. Finally he gained the Consulship in 90 BC the same year his younger brother Gaius was aedile.
In 90 BC Lucius Julius Caesar as consul defeated the Samnites and proposed the Lex Julia which offered citizenship to all communities in Italy that were not in revolt. In the following year 89, the Lex Plautia Papiria extended citizenship to those who gave up the fight by a certain date. Lucius Julius Caesar was now made censor along with Publius Licinius Crassus (father of the triumvir). But it was a time of unrest.
In 87 Marius returned to Rome with Cinna and captured the city. Lucius and Gaius were killed during the fighting and according to Livy their heads were exposed on the speakers platform. Jay GT4
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CAST COPY OF: Trajan, RIC 577, Sestertius of AD 107 (Octastyle temple flanked by porticoes)Cast copy of
Æ Sestertius (26.4g, Ø33mm, 7h). Rome mint. Struck AD 107.
Obv/ IMP CAES NERVAE TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS V P P laureate bust of Trajan facing right.
Rev/ S·P·Q·R· OPTIMO PRINCIPI [around] S C [in ex.], Octastyle temple with porticoes on either side with steps between them leading to the central temple; A seated cult figure in centre of the temple; tympanon with seated figure in the centre flanked by reclining figures; on the roof top a central figure flanked by winged Victories on the corners.
RIC 577 [R]; Cohen 549 (20 Fr.); BMC 863; Strack 393; Foss 102:44
(Netherlands, 2001)
In the absence of any specific reverse legend, it is difficult to know for sure which temple is depicted on this coin. According to Clive Foss (1990) it is the temple of Venus Genetrix of the Forum of Julius Caesar. Since the statue in the centre of the building appears to be that of Jupiter, most assume that it is the temple of Jupiter Victor. In that case, this issue could celebrate the restoration of that temple by Trajan which event was celebrated in conjunction with the tenth anniversary of his reign. Later this temple was rededicated to Divus Traianus, and later still by Elegabalus to Sol-Elagabal. Strack however carefully studied all evidence and examined the best preserved specimens of this and related issues and concludes that the best guess is that the central figure represents the Genius Augusti and that the temple is dedicated to Divus Nerva.Charles S
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Crawford 468/1, ROMAN IMPERATORIAL, Julius Caesar, AR DenariusRome. The Imperators.
Julius Caesar, 49-44 BCE.
AR Denarius (4.03g; 19mm; 4h).
Spanish mint, 46-45 BCE.
Obverse: Diademed head of Venus Genetrix, facing right, wearing earing and necklace of pendants; Cupid on shoulder.
Reverse: Gallic captives, bound and seated under trophy of Gallic arms; CAESAR in exergue.
References: Crawford 468/1; Sydenham 1014; BMCRR (Spain) 89; Julia 11.
Provenance: Ex Inasta Auction 100 (24 Jun 2022) Lot 180; Varesi E-Live 2 (20 Sep 2020) lot 253; Busso Peus Auction 393 (31 Oct 2007) Lot 488; Numismatik Lanz Auction 42 (23 Nov 1987) Lot 399.
This was part of Caesar’s military mint output during the Spanish campaign against Pompey’s sons. The obverse depicts Venus Genetrix to whom Caesar dedicated a temple in Rome. The reverse, alluding to Caesar’s triumphs in Gaul, was perhaps directed toward his remaining veteran troops from the Gallic campaign. The male captive on right, with wild hair and pointed beard, bears some resemblance to the Gallic head depicted on Crawford 448/2a, which is often attributed as Vercingetorix but which Crawford thought was merely a typical male Gaul.
Carausius
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Denar, RIC 3, p.272, 734 - Faustina II, VenusFaustina Minor
AR-Denarius
Augusta AD 146 - winter 175/176
Obv.: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, draped bust right, waved hair knotted behind
Rev.: VENVS GENETRIX, Venus standing left, holding Victory and leaning on figured shield with Dioscuri, helmet below shield
Ag, 3.39g. 18.8mm
Ref.: RIC III 734, RSC 280a, CRE 227 [S]
for the same type, but bust with band of pearls click here
shanxi
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Denar, RIC 3, p.272, 734 - Faustina II, VenusFaustina Minor
AR-Denarius
Augusta AD 146 - winter 175/176
Obv.: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, draped bust right, waved hair knotted behind, braided band
Rev.: VENVS GENETRIX, Venus standing left, holding Victory and leaning on figured shield with Dioscuri
Ag, 3.24g. 18m
Ref.: RIC III 734 var., RSC 280a
for the same type, but bust without band of pearls click hereshanxi
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DIVINE AUGUSTUS & LIVIA (by Tiberius). AE34 medallion? of Colonia Romula (Seville), RPC 73. Obverse: PERM. DIVI AVG. COL. ROM. Radiate head of Divus Augustus right; six-rayed star DIVINE AUGUSTUS & LIVIA (by Tiberius). AE34 medallion? of Colonia Romula (Seville), RPC 73. Obverse: PERM. DIVI AVG. COL. ROM. Radiate head of Divus Augustus right; six-rayed star above; thunderbolt before. Reverse: IVLIA AVGVSTA GENETRIX ORBIS. Head of Livia left on globe of the world; crescent moon above. RPC I, 73. SNG Copenhagen 421. F. Scarce. Livia, the mother of the emperor Tiberius, is honored as mother of the world by him on this exceptional coin.Antonivs Protti
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EB0483 Julia Domna / VENVS GENETRIXJulia Domna, AR Antoninianus, 216 AD.
Obv: IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG, diademed and draped bust right on a crescent.
Rev: VENVS GENETRIX, Venus seated left, extending right hand and holding sceptre in left.
References: RIC IV 388A; RSC 211; Sear 7098.
Diameter: 23.5mm, Weight: 4.926 grams.EB
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EB0499 Julia Paula / VenusJulia Paula (wife of Elagabalus), AR Denarius, 219-220 AD.
Obv: IVLIA PAVLA AVG, draped bust right.
Rev: VENVS GENETRIX, Venus seated left, holding apple and sceptre.
References: RIC IV 222, RSC 21, BMC 323.
Diameter: 18.5mm, Weight: 2.603 grams.EB
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Faustina II Denarius (Venus Genetrix, RIC III 734) v.1FAUSTINA II as Augusta, AD 161-175
AR Denarius (20.03mm, 3.19g, 12h)
Struck AD 161-75. Rome mint
Obverse: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, draped bust of Faustina II right
Reverse: VENVS GENETRIX, Venus standing left, holding Victory and resting left hand on shield with Dioscuri device
References: RIC III 734, RCV 5268
Lightly toned. Weak reverse strike. An excellent obverse portrait, struck in high relief.CPK
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Faustina Jr, RIC (A. Pius) 1367, sestertius of AD 161Æ Sestertius (26g, Ø 31mm). Rome mint. Struck AD 156-161 (under Antoninus Pius).
Obv.: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, bust right draped.
Rev.: A[VGVSTI] PII FIL around, S C across field, Venus-Genetrix standing left, holding Victory and leaning on shield set on helmet.
RIC (A. Pius) 1367; BMCRE 2195; Cohen 16; Strack 1333; Banti 11 (2 spec.); Sear (Roman Coins and their Values II) 4709
Ex Pannonii (Slovenia, 2009).Charles S
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Gaius Julius CaesarFebruary-March 44 BC. AR Denarius (19mm, 3.90 g, 5h). Rome mint. P. Sepullius Macer, moneyer. Laureate and veiled head right / Venus standing left, holding Victory and scepter; shield at base of scepter. Crawford 480/13; CRI 107d; Sydenham 1074; RSC 39. From the Jörg Müller Collection.
Alföldi arranges Crawford 480 series coins in (44 BC) month order as follows:
RRC 480/1, Buca - January
RRC 480/2, DICT QVART - early February
RRC 480/3/4/5, CAESAR IMP - late February
RRC 480/6/7/8/9/10/11/12/13/14, DICT PERPETVO - early to mid March
RRC 480/17/18, CAESAR IMPER - late March
RRC 480/19/20, PARENS PATRIAE - April
RRC 480/15/16, MARIDIANVS - April
RRC 480/21/22, CLEMENTIAE CAESARIS and Mark Antony - April
"Iconography, historical meaning:
The rev. can be understand easily: The Iulians ascribed their gens back to Aeneas who was the son of Venus (Aphrodite) and Anchises.Venus was the tutelary goddess of the gens Iulia and hence of Caesar. 46 BC Caesar has consecrated together with his new built forum also the temple of Venus Genetrix, the ancestress of his gens. On this denarius with Victory, spear and shield it is rather Venus Victrix.
The portrait on obv. is imposing by its realistic depiction. It was for the first time that a living ruler was pictured on a Roman coin. This too raised suspicion that Caesar - even if he wasn't acclaimed king - would behave as such.
Caesar's portrait attracts attention by the wreath he is wearing. It protrudes notable wide beyond his forehead. Furthermore it is padded and very ragged. This characteristic received too little attention until now. There is every indication that it is not a usual wreath but a corona graminea, a Grass or Blockade crown. This crown was dedicated by the army to that commander who has freed them from an encirclement and saved them from certain death. The crown was composed from flowers and tuft of grass which was plucked at the location of their liberation. This crown was regarded as the highest of all crowns! Pliny (nat. 22, 6) has known only of 8 persons with this honour:
1. Lucius Siccius Dentatus, tribunus plebis 454 BC
2. Publius Decius Mus, 343 BC, 1st Samnite War, dedicated even by 2 armies!
3. Marcus Calpurnius Flamma, 258 BC, at Carmina on Sicily
4. Quintus Fabius Maximus, after the departure of the Carthaginians from Italy, 203 BC
(dedicated by the Senate and the people of Rome, possibly posthumous)
5. Scipio Aemilianus Africanus
6. Gnaeus Petreius Atinas, centurio during the war against the Cimbri
7. Lucius Cornelius Sulla, during the Allied War at Nola 89 BC
8. Quintus Sertorius, 97 BC aa military tribune in Spain under Titu Ddius.
To Caesar and Augustus the crown was dedicated by the Senate!
The veil Caesar is wearing as Pontifex Maximus for lifetime.
DICTATOR PERPETVVS
During Republican times a dictator was designated when the state was in an emergency situation. His position was always temporally limited, yes, sometimes designated only for a single task. In the beginning Caesar too was dictator limited to 1 year and had to be designated again for the next year. Already 46 BC Caesar has been nominated dictator for 10 years but the title had to be renewed each year. So we know of coins with DICT, DICT ITER (= again, for the second time), IC TER (for the third time) and DICT QVART.
Since the proclamation as king has failed the title dictator disappeared from the denarii and were replaced by IMP. But soon behind Caesar's head appeares a star, a crescent, or Victory's spear stands on a star. These celestial signs - and that was understod by all - stand for divinity and should raise Caesar high above all Romans. Incompatible with the idea of a republican constituted Rome.
The point of culmination in this series is the legend DICT PERPETVO of this coin. Now the title of dictator was no more temporally limited but was valid like his office as Pontifex Maximus for all his life and it no more was necessary to confirm the title each year. That actually was a spectacular violation of the Roman constitution! The fact that he appeared at the Lupercalia on February 15. 44 BC in the ancient robe of kings strengthened the suspicion that he was looking for the kingship. In fact he has publicly
refused the royal crown that was offered to him by Marcus Antonius, but his authority to exert power was equal a king even without bearing the title of king. That was the most hateful title of the Roman Republic.
Now he has passed a line that his republican enimies couldn't tolerate any more if they still wanted to be taken seriously. So this coin actually led to his murder by the conspirators. So "The coin that kills Caesar" is by no means an exaggeration.
The planned Parthian War:
Caesar has planned a war against the Parthians. In March 44 BC he wanted to start for a campaign to the east. His assassination inhibited this intention. In science disputed are the goals which Caesar has had in mind with his war. They are reaching from a boundary adjustment, as Mommsen suggested, to world domination like Alexander the Great, as Plutarch is writing: According to him Caesar after the submission of the Parthians would go across Hyrcania at the Caspian Sea, then round the Black Sea via the Caucasus, invade the land of the Scyths, attack Germania and would finally return to Italy through the land of the Celts. In this way he would have conquered the world known to the Ancients and his limits were only the shores of the surrounding Okeanos.
Probably Sueton who was sitting directly at the sources was more realistic. And we know of the campaigns of Marcus Antonius and Augustus who surely have known Caesar's plans and have used them for their own purposes. It's clear that Caesar doesn't want to repeat the errors of Crassus who perished at Carrhae, and has tried to avoid he Parthian cavalry units. Therefore a route through Lesser Armenia is most probable. And there was hope that the Mesopotamian cities would raise against the Parthians. Caesar had gathered an army of 16(!) legions, a huge power that alone by its mere bigness would ensure the victory. Caesar was no gambler, rather a cautious and prudential commander.The famous "veni, vidi, vici" doesn't exist longer. What he actually had in mind we don't know. It's speculative. But there is every indication that it was a reorganisation of the east. And that rather by establishing client-kingdoms than creating new Roman provinces.
Probably the conspirators were afraid of Caesar's Parthian War, because a victory, which was possible or even probable, would have strengthen Caesar's position and has made him practically invulnerable." - JochenNemonater
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![IulDomna-Antoninian-Venusgenetrix-RIC[Cara]388a.jpg](albums/userpics/24008/thumb_IulDomna-Antoninian-Venusgenetrix-RIC%5BCara%5D388a.jpg "Filename=IulDomna-Antoninian-Venusgenetrix-RIC[Cara]388a.jpg
Filesize=1046KiB
Dimensions=3175x1850
Date added=Aug 04, 2014")
I/a - IULIA DOMNA -b-001 Antoninian RIC IV [Carac] /I/388aAv) IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG
Diademed and draped bust right on a crescent
Rv) VENVS GENETRIX
Venus seated left, extending right hand & holding sceptre in left
Weight:4,5g, Ø: 22mm; Reference.: RIC IV[Carac]/I/388a; ROME mint,
struck under Caracalla
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Italy, Rome, Temple of Venus Genetrixchurch of Santi Luca e Martina; curia; arch of Septimius Severus
... I think so many different types of building in the one picture you can find only in Rome.J. B.
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Italy- Forum Romanum- Part of the Forum of Caesar 0The Forum of Caesar, in addition to being one of the most evident monuments of self-representation of political power, was constructed as an extension to the Roman Forum. Caesar himself behaved like a greco-oriental sovereign, escorted by a procession of elephants and, against every republican norm, once received the Senate sitting in the center of the temple. The dictator also had placed in front the temple a statue of himself riding Bucefalo, the celebrated horse of Alexander the Great and symbol of absolute power. The Temple of Venus Genetrix, intentionally placed at the end of the piazza was the unifying and conclusive element to the architectural complex. This strict centralized vision corresponded to the ideological function, following the propaganda of the Hellenistic sanctuaries.
The choice of the Forum site is also significant: the future dictator didn't want to be far from the central power, represented in the Curia, seat of the Senate. In fact, not long before Caesar's death, the Senate agreed to reconstruct the Curia on the site.
Peter Wissing
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Italy- Forum Romanum- Part of the Forum of Caesar 1The Forum of Caesar, in addition to being one of the most evident monuments of self-representation of political power, was constructed as an extension to the Roman Forum. Caesar himself behaved like a greco-oriental sovereign, escorted by a procession of elephants and, against every republican norm, once received the Senate sitting in the center of the temple. The dictator also had placed in front the temple a statue of himself riding Bucefalo, the celebrated horse of Alexander the Great and symbol of absolute power. The Temple of Venus Genetrix, intentionally placed at the end of the piazza was the unifying and conclusive element to the architectural complex. This strict centralized vision corresponded to the ideological function, following the propaganda of the Hellenistic sanctuaries.
The choice of the Forum site is also significant: the future dictator didn't want to be far from the central power, represented in the Curia, seat of the Senate. In fact, not long before Caesar's death, the Senate agreed to reconstruct the Curia on the site.
Peter Wissing
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Italy- Forum Romanum- Part of the Forum of Caesar and a statue of CeasarThe Forum of Caesar, in addition to being one of the most evident monuments of self-representation of political power, was constructed as an extension to the Roman Forum. Caesar himself behaved like a greco-oriental sovereign, escorted by a procession of elephants and, against every republican norm, once received the Senate sitting in the center of the temple. The dictator also had placed in front the temple a statue of himself riding Bucefalo, the celebrated horse of Alexander the Great and symbol of absolute power. The Temple of Venus Genetrix, intentionally placed at the end of the piazza was the unifying and conclusive element to the architectural complex. This strict centralized vision corresponded to the ideological function, following the propaganda of the Hellenistic sanctuaries.
The choice of the Forum site is also significant: the future dictator didn't want to be far from the central power, represented in the Curia, seat of the Senate. In fact, not long before Caesar's death, the Senate agreed to reconstruct the Curia on the site.
Peter Wissing
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Iulia Mamaea, AR-Denarius, VENVS GENETRIX, Iulia Mamaea, AR-Denarius,
avers:-IVLIA-MA-MAEA-AVG,
revers:-VENVS-GE-N-ETRIX,
diameter: 19-20mm
weight: 2,94g
mint:
date:
ref: RIC-355, C-72,
Q-001quadrans
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Julia DomnaIVLIA PIA FELIX AVG
VENVS GENETRIX
RIC 388c, C 212, BMC 23B
Rome, 216 ADwhitetd49
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Julia DomnaAntoninianus ( 5.20g - 20mm)
obv. IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG
Diademed and draped bust right, set on crescent.
rev. VENVS GENETRIX.
Venus seated left with sceptre
RIC 388a
HolgerG
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Julia Domna (193 - 217 A.D.)AR Antoninianus
O: IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG, Diademed and draped bust right, resting on crescent.
R: VENVS GENETRIX, Venus seated left holding hand out, and scepter.
Rome
4.5g
23mm
RIC 388a, RSC 206aMat
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Julia Domna - Denarius - RIC 388cObv: IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG, draped bust right
Rev: VENVS GENETRIX, Venus seated left, extending right hand and holding sceptre in left
Mint: Rome
Date: 216 AD
Ref: RIC IV 388c (Caracalla), RSC 212, BMC 23B
vs1969
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Julia Domna - Denarius - VENVS GENETRIXJulia Domna
Denarius
216 A.D.
Rome
Av.: IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG / draped bust right
Rev.: VENVS GENETRIX / Venus seated left, extending right hand and holding scepter in her left
2,31 Gr., 6 h die axis
RIC 388(c), Coh. 212nummis durensis
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Julia Domna 193-211 denariusOb. IULIA PIA FELIX AVG Diademed & draped bust
Rev. VENVS GENETRIX Venus seated left, extending right hand & holding scepter in left
Ref. RIC 388c [Caracalla], RSC 212, BMC 23B
-:Bacchus:-Bacchus
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Julia Domna AE As 211-217 ADObverse: Draped and Diademed bust right: JVLIA PIA FELIX AVG
Reverse: Venus seated left with extended left hand and scepter: VENUS GENETRIX, SC in Exergue below
Diam 26 mm, Wt 10.9 gm RIC 605daverino
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Julia Domna AntoninianusOBV; IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG.
REV; VENVS GENETRIX
Venus seated left., exstending right hand and holding sceptre in left.
R.I.C. 388a R.S.C 211.
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Julia Domna antoninianusVENVS GENETRIX
wife of Septimius SeverusTibsi
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Julia Domna Antoninianus RIC IVa 389aJulia Domna AR antoninianus
4.62g, 24.0mm, 345 degrees, Rome mint, 211-217 CE.
Attribution: RIC IVa, 339. Cohen 202.
O: IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG, bust draped right, with hair elaborately weaved in ridges and turned up at the back, diademed on crescent.
R: VENUS GENETRIX, Venus seated left, extending right hand and holding apple and scepter.
RIC mentions cupid being at Venus' feet, but the corresponding plate 13,20 does not show cupid and matches this reverse - likely an RIC error.
No examples in Reka Devnia.Ron C2
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Julia Domna AR AntoninianusJulia Domna (Augusta)
AR Antoninianus 4.36g / 25mm / -
Ob: IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG - Draped and diademed bust r., on crescent.
Rv: VENVS GENETRIX - Venus seated l., extending r. hand and holding sceptre.
Mint: Rome (211-217)
Ref: RIC IV 388a; RSC III 211Scotvs Capitis
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Julia Domna denariusJulia Domna AD 193-217 Silver Denarius
Obv: IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG - Bareheaded bust right, draped.
Rev: VENVS GENETRIX - Venus seated left, holding hand out and scepter.
Rome mint: AD 216 = RIC IVi, 388c, page 274 - Cohen 212 – SEAR RCV II (2002), #7106, page 555
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Julia Domna Denarius, RIC 388c [Caracalla]Julia Domna Denarius. 216 AD. IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG, draped bust right / VENVS GENETRIX, Venus seated left, extending right hand and holding sceptre in left.
RIC 388c [Caracalla], RSC 212, BMC 23B
20 mm/3.10 g.vindelicus
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Julia Domna Fourée (limes) denariusJulia Domna (Augusta)
AE Denarius (Fourée)
IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG - Draped bust right
VENVS GENETRIX - Venus seated left, extending right hand and holding sceptre in left
Mint: (211-217 AD)
References: after RIC 388c; after Cohen 212
Scotvs Capitis
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Julia Domna RIC IV, 388(a)Julia Domna, died AD 217(?), wife of Septimius Severus
AR - Antoninianus, 4.89g, 21mm
Rome AD 216
obv.: IVLIA PIA - FELIX AVG
draped bust on crescent, diademed head r.
rev.: VENVS GENETRIX
Venus sitting l. on throne, holding long sceptre l. and extending r. hand
RIC IV/1, Caracalla 388(a); C.211; BMCR.434
Scarce; about VF
Jochen
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Julia Domna, Augusta 194 - 8 April 217 A.D.Silver denarius, RIC Caracalla 388c, RSC 212, S -, F, frosty, 2.979g, 19.0mm, 180o, Rome mint, 211 - 217 A.D.; obverse IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG, diademed, draped bust right; reverse VENVS GENETRIX, Venus seated left holding scepter and apple, Cupid at feet leftMarjan E
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Julia Domna, Denarius, VENVS GENETRIXAR Denarius
Julia Domna
Born ca.: 170AD - Died: 217AD
Augusta: 193 - 217AD
Issued: 215 - 217AD
20.0 x 19.0mm 3.36gr 1h
O: IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG; Draped bust, right.
R: VENVS GENETRIX; Venus seated left on throne, holding scepter and apple, at feet to left, Cupid, standing right, with hands raised.
Rome Mint
RIC Caracalla 389; RSC 205; Sear (2000) 7099.
Aorta: 212: B6, O6, R100, T113, M4.
gVF
Naville Numismatics Auction 37, Lot 627.
1/28/18 2/9/18Nicholas Z
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Julia Domna, VenusJulia Domna
IVLIA PIA-FELIX AVG
draped bust right
VENVS GENETRIX
Venus seated left, holding apple and sceptre; cupid to left
Ar Denarius 17-20mm; 3.01g
RIC 389b, S 7107, C 205 (yr 217 Rome)arizonarobin
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Julia Domna, VENVS GENETRIXJulia Domna,
Ar Antoninianus; 4.99g; 23mm
IVLIA PIA - FELIX AVG
Diademed draped bust right on crescent
VENVS GENETRIX
Venus seated left, holding sceptre
RIC 388aarizonarobin
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Julia MamaeaIVLIA MAMAEA AVG
VENVS GENETRIX
RIC 355, BMC 152, C 72
Romewhitetd49
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Julia Mamaea Denarius (2,1g - 19mm)
obv. IVLIA MAMAEA AVG
Diademed, draped, bust right
rev. VENVS GENETRIX
Venus standing left holding apple and sceptre, cupid at feet
mint Rome
Struck AD 223
RIC 355HolgerG
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Julia Mamaea (222 - 235 A.D.)AR Denarius
O: IVLIA MAMAEA AVG, Diademed and draped bust right.
R:VENVS GENETRIX, Venus standing left, head left, holding scepter and apple; at feet to left, Cupid standing right with hands raised.
Rome
3.6g
20mm
RIC 355 (Severus Alexander), RSC 072Mat
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Julia Mamaea (222-235 AD) AR DenariusRoman Imperial, Julia Mamaea (222-235 AD) AR Denarius, 1.5g, 19mm
Obverse: IVLIA MAMAEA AVG, Diademed, draped, bust right.
Reverse: VENVS GENETRIX, Venus standing left holding apple and sceptre, cupid at feet.
Reference: RIC 355, RSC 72.
Ex: Octavian Coins
Gil-galad
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Julia Mamaea Denarius RIC IVa 355Julia Mamaea AR denarius
2.77g, 19.0mm, 180 degrees, Rome mint, ca. 223 AD.
Attribution: RIC IVa 355. Cohen 72. BMCRE 152-3 (Alexander). RSC 72.
O: IVLIA MAMAEA AVG, Diademed draped bust right
R: VENUS GENETRIX, Venus standling left, holding apple and sceptre, at her feet, Cupid.
24 in Reka Devnia hoard, Mouchmov P.136.
Ex-Stein A. Evensen Collection, purchased from Beast Coins, Ex-CNG eAuction 496 (21 July 2021) Lot 545.Ron C2
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Julia Paula (219-220)AR Denarius
18.91 mm 3.02 gr.
Obv: IVLIA PAVLA AVG, bare head draped bust right
Rev: VENVS GENETRIX, Venus seated left holding apple and scepter
Mint: Rome (219-220)
RSC III 21; ERIC II 23Ken W2
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Julia Paula. First wife of Elagabalus. Venus Denarius of Rome.Roman Empire. Julia Paula. First wife of Elagabalus. 219-220 AD. AR Denarius (3.51 gm, 20.4mm, 1h) of Rome, 219 AD. Draped bust right, IULIA PAVLA AVG. / Venus enthroned left, holding apple and sceptre. VENVS GENETRIX. VF. Light iridescence. RIC IV.2 #222 (Elagabalus, Rome) and note (Antioch); BMC 177 (same). RSC III #21, SRCV II #7658; M.Thirion 468.Anaximander
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Julia_Paula_Denar_VENVS_GENETRIX
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L. Julius L.f. CaesarL. Julius L.f. Caesar (c. B.C. 103)
Head of Mars left, CAESAR behind, letter or letter and dots above.
Rev: Venus Genetrix in biga left, drawn by two cupids, before them lyre, same letter above, in ex. L. IVLI. L. F. Tanit
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L. Julius L.f. CaesarAR denarius.
CAESAR, head of Mars left, wearing crested helmet with side-feather; above head, Я with one dot / Venus Genetrix in chariot drawn by two Cupids left; she holds sceptre; on left, in field, lyre; Я with one dot above; L. IVLI. L.F. in exergue. Rome mint, struck c. 94 BC.
Crawford (RRC), 320/1; Sydenham (CRR), 593a; RSC Julia, 004a; RCTV, 198.
socalcoins
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L. Julius L.f. Caesar – Julia-4aROMAN REPUBLIC L. Julius L.f. Caesar. 103 BC. AR Denarius (16mm - 3.87 g). Rome mint. CAESAR, helmeted head of Mars left; •L (retrograde) above head / Venus Genetrix in biga left, drawn by two Cupids; lyre before them, •L (retrograde) above; L. IVLI. L.F. in exergue. Crawford 320/1; Sydenham 593a; Julia 4a; RCV 198Bud Stewart
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L.IULIUSAR denarius. 103 BC 3,87 grs. Helmeted head of Mars left, CAESAR behind / Venus Genetrix in biga of Cupids left, holding sceptre and reins. S above, lyre below. In exergue L · IVLI · L · F
Cr. 320/1. RSC Julia 4.benito
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Livia and Augustus, Colonial Romula (Seville), Minted by TiberusAugustus and Livia, minted by Tiberius, 14 Aug 19 - 16 Mar 37 A.D.
This coin associates Livia with globe and crescent symbols and refers to her as Augusta Genetrix Orbis, Sacred Mother of the World. This extraordinary title was never official and is not used on any other coin type for any empress.
5474. Orichalcum dupondius, RPC I 73, Alverez Burgos 1587, aF, Colonia Romula mint, 25.1g, 33.4mm, 180°, obverse PERM DIVI AVG COL ROM, Augustus radiate head right, star above, thunderbolt right; reverse IVLIA AVGVSTA GENETRIX ORBIS, Livia head left on globe, crescent above;NORMAN K
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Livia, wife of Augustus. Augusta 14-29 CE.Spain, Hispalis. Æ (31mm, 21.48 g).
Minted in Colonia Romula (modern Seville) under Tiberius.
Obv: PERM DIVI AVG COL ROM, Radiate head of Augustus right; thunderbolt before, star above.
Rev: IVLIA AVGVSTA GENETRIX ORBIS, Head of Livia left; globe beneath, crescent above.
RPC 73; SGI 189; Heiss 393,2; Cohen 169,3; Alvarez Burgos 1587.
This coin associates Livia with globe and crescent symbols and refers to her as Augusta Genetrix Orbis, Sacred Mother of the World. This extraordinary title was never official and is not used on any other coin type for any empress.
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Lucilla, AE Sestertius, RIC III 1778Lucilla
Augusta, 164 - 169 A.D.
Coin: AE Sestertius
Obverse: LVCILLA - AVGVSTA, draped bust facing right.
Reverse: VENVS GENETRIX, Venus, seated to the left, holding an Apple with her right hand over Cupid,who raises his hands to it, to the left and holding a Sceptre with her left hand. S - C across the fields.
Weight: 18.49 g, Diameter: 27.6 x 27.6 x 3.4 mm, Die axis: 340°, Mint: Rome, struck between 164 - 169 A.D, Reference: RIC III 1778Constantine IV
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Magnia Urbica Magnia Urbica Antoninians
23 mm 4.19 gm
O: MAGNIA VRBICA AVG
Diademed and draped bust right, resting on a crescent
R: VENVS GENETRIX
Venus standing left, holding helmet and scepter, shield at her feet; SXXIT in exergue.Koffy
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Mn. Cordius Rufus, Crawford 463/1aMn. Cordius Rufus, gens Cordia
AR - Denar, 19.5mm, 3.92g
Rome, 46 BC
obv. Conjugated busts of the Dioscuri, wearing laureate pilei, stars above
RVFVS III.VIR behind
rev. Venus Verticordia, stg. l., holding scales and transverse sceptre: Cupido on her
l. shoulder.
MN.CORDIVS in r. field (MN ligate)
Crawford 463/1a; Sydenham 976; Cordia 2
about VF
ex Harlan J. Berk
From Forum Ancient Coins, thanks!
The Cordia family home, Tusculum, was a center of worship for the Dioscuri twelve miles from Rome. The reverse is a clever play on the moneyer's name and may also compliment Julius Caesar who claimed direct descent from Venus. The particular design of Venus may derive from a statue placed in the temple of Venus Genetrix in the year of issue (FAC).
For more informations look at the thread 'Mythological interesting coins'!Jochen
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N90Roman Empire Coin. AE Antoninianus of Julia Domna. Rome Mint. AD 216. Obv: Diademed and draped bust of Julia Domna right, hair waved, on crescent / IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG. Rev: Venus, draped, seated left, extending right hand and holding sceptre in left hand / VENVS GENETRIX. RIC IV Caracalla 388A (anton.).
Arizona Coin & Collectibles
Ex-Robert Iliano Collection, USA (June 2023)Sebastian H2
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RIC 388C. Julia Domna Denarius Venus.Rome mint, 211-217. Under Caracalla.
Obv. Draped bust right IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG
Rev. Venus seated left VENVS GENETRIX
RIC 388C, RSC 212LordBest
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RIC 389B. Julia Domna Denarius VenusJulia Domna, 193-217. Denarius (Silver, 19 mm, 3.11 g, 7 h), Rome, 215-217. IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG Draped bust of Julia Domna to right. Rev. VENVS GENETRIX Venus seated left, holding apple in her right hand and long scepter in her left; at her feet, cupid standing front, legs crossed, resting his right hand on her right knee. BMC 28. Cohen 205. RIC 389b. LordBest
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RIC 4b, p.046, 222 - Julia Paula, VENVS GENETRIXJulia Paula (219-220)
AR Denar, Rome
Obv.: IVLIA PAVLA AVG, Draped bust right.
Rev.: VENVS GE ETRIX (N missing) , Venus seated left with apple and sceptre.
Ag, 3.09g, 18.4mm
Ref.: RIC 222
Ex Gitbud&Naumann
shanxi
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RIC_356_RAREObv.: IVLIA MAMAEA AVG; Bust of Julia Mamaea, draped, right
Rev.: VENVS GENETRIX; Venus, draped, standing left, holding apple in right hand and sceptre in left hand; at feet, Cupid
Very rare emission with head not diademed (i.e. w/o stephane). In practise almost not present in past auctions.
Near EF, lightly toned. Pleasing silver quality. Well struck.
ex CNG, Electronic Auction 422, 13 June 2018, 558.
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Roman Empire, Elagabalus, denarius, 'mule'/errorElagabalus --AR Denarius. R: VENUS GENETRIX, Libertas seated left. Unusual type with reverse legend for Paula (Venus) but Libertas seated. NISC.featherz
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ROMAN EMPIRE, Julia Domna, AR DenariusAttribution: RIC 388c (RIC IV, Part I)
Date: struck 211-217 at Rome
Obverse: IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG - Draped bust of Julia Domna facing right with hair elaborately waved in ridges and turned up low at the back
Reverse: VENVS GENETRIX - Venus seated left, extending right hand and holding sceptre
Size: 19.8mm
Weight: 2.64 grams
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ROMAN EMPIRE, Julia Mamaea, AR denariusObverse: IVLIA MAMAEA AVG. Diademed and draped bust right.
Reverse: VENVS GENETRIX. Venus standing facing left, holding apple and sceptre.
RIC IVii 355 (Severus Alexander); C 72.
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ROMAN EMPIRE, Julia PaulaObv: IVLIA PAVLA AVG
Bare headed and draped bust, right.
Rev: VENVS GENETRIX
Venus seated left, holding globe and scepter.
Denarius, 2.7 gm, 19.16 mm, Rome RIC 222
Comment: Elagab's first wife and fortunate to have survived it.
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ROMAN EMPIRE, Magnia Urbica - RIC 337 var - (A | _)AE Antoninianus.
Obv:– MAGNIA VRBICA AVG, Draped bust right on crescent, hair brushed in straight lines, plait carried up the back to top of head and running under stephane
Rev:– VENVS GENETRIX, Venus standing facing, head left, apple upward in right hand, vertical scepter in left
Minted in Lugdunum (A in left field).
RIC V pt. 2, 337 var (not listed from this officina). Bastien -, Bastien Supplement -, Bastien Supplement II 613α (2 examples cited)
23mm, 3.16g maridvnvm
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Roman Faustina Jr DenariusFaustina Jr AR Denarius
Obv: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, dr. bust right
Rev: VENVS GENETRIX, Venus stg. l., holding Victory and a shield adorned with images of the Dioscuri
RIC 735, C. 280Tanit
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Roman Imperial: Julia Mamaea as Augusta, AR Denarius.Rome 223 A.D. 3.45g - 20.4mm, Axis 6h.
Obv: IVLIA MAMAEA AVG - Diademed, draped, bust right.
Rev: VENVS GENETRIX - Venus standing left holding apple and sceptre, cupid at feet.
Ref: RIC IV-II 355; RSC 72; BMC 152.
Provenance: Chris Scarlioli Collection.Christian Scarlioli
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Roman Julia Mamaea denariusJulia Mamaea denarius.
Obv: IVLIA MAMAEA AVG, Diademed, draped, bust right
Rev: VENVS GENETRIX, Venus standing left holding apple and sceptre, cupid at feet.
RIC 355 , RSC 72.
Tanit
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Roman Julia Paula DenariusJulia Paula Denarius. 219 AD.
Obv: IVLIA PAVLA AVG, draped bust right
Rev: VENVS GENETRIX, Venus seated left, holding apple & scepter.
RIC 222 , RSC 21.Tanit
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