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Image search results - "Eudocia"

(1059) CONSTANTINE X1059-1067 AD
AE FOLLIS 31 mm max. 6.92 g
Obverse: Christ facing
Reverse: Eudocia and Constantine facing
SB 1853
(gouges on obverse are the result of overstriking on an earlier issue that appears to be a class D anonymous follis (Sear 1836).
laney

(1059) CONSTANTINE X1059-1067 AD
AE FOLLIS 27 mm 4.17 g
Obverse: Christ facing
Reverse: Eudocia and Constantine facing
SB 1853laney

1059-1067 Constantin IX - follis from Constantinople+EMMANOVHΛ , Christ standing facing, in field IC / XC
+ KωN T ΔK EVΔK AVΓO , Eudocia and Constantine IX standing facing holding labarum (Constantine IX and Eudocia are depicted like the icon of Constantine the Great and his mother Helena holding the True Cross).

Sear 1853Ginolerhino

109c. EudociaWife of Theodosius IIlawrence c

52-02 - Constantino X (25/12/1059 - 21/05/1067 D.C.)AE Follis 26 x 30 mm 4.3 gr.

Anv: "EMMA - NOVHÎ›", "IC - XC" (en campos izq. y derecho) - Cristo de pié de frente, vistiendo nimbus cruciger (Halo redondo con cruz que rodea su busto), Pallium (Tipo de capa o manto) y Collobium (Túnica especial sin mangas), sosteniendo el Libro de los Evangelios con ambas manos.
Rev: " Î•VÎ”O AVÎ“ - +RÎ˜KWN TÎ”K " Emperador barbado a derecha y Emperatriz Eudocia a izquierda, de pié de frente vistiendo corona, Loros (Ropa elaboradamente adornada que constituye el vestido consular de los Emperadores) y Pendilia (Tiras de perlas que colgaban a ambos lados de la corona). Entre ellos Labarum (Lábaro, Enseña militar usado como estandarte imperial, con Crismón (Simbolo Chi-Ro) en su bandera), Cruz en el mastil y apoyado sobre una tarima con tres escalones.

Acuñada 1059 - 1067 D.C.
Ceca: Constantinopla

Referencias: Sear BCTV #1853 Pag. 363 - Bellinger D.O. Vol. III #8 - B.M.C.#18-31 - Ratto M.B.#2021/3 - Morrisson C.M.b.B.N. #1-29mdelvalle

602. Theodosius IIFlavius Theodosius II (April, 401 - July 28, 450 ). The eldest son of Eudoxia and Arcadius who at the age of 7 became the Roman Emperor of the East.

He was heavily influenced by his eldest sister Pulcheria who pushed him towards Eastern Christianity. Pulcheria was the primary driving power behind the emperor and many of her views became official policy. These included her anti-Semitic view which resulted in the destruction of synagogues.

On the death of his father Arcadius in 408, he became Emperor. In June 421 Theodosius married the poet Aelia Eudocia. They had a daughter, Licinia Eudoxia, whose marriage with the Western Roman Emperor Valentinian III marked the re-unification of the two halves of the Empire, even if for a short time. Theodosius created the University of Constantinople, and died in 450 as the result of a riding accident.

Bronze AE4, S 4297, VG, .96g, 12.3mm, 0o, uncertain mint, 408-450 A.D.; obverse D N THEODOSIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right; reverse no legend, cross in wreath, obscure mintmark in exergue; ex Forumecoli

Aelia Eudocia AE3. Constantinople mint O: AEL EVDOCIA AVG, head right
R: CONCORDIA AVG, empress enthroned, facing, arms crossed over breast, star in l. field (var. B)
13mm 1.79g RIC X 428
casata137ec

Aelia Eudocia, Wife of Theodosius II. Cross Pattée Tremissis of Constantinople.Roman Empire. Aelia Eudocia, wife of Theodosius II. 423-460 AD. AV Tremissis (1.49 gm, 14.8mm, 12h) of Constantinople, 423-440. Pearl-diademed and draped bust right. AEL EVDOCIA AVG. / Latin cross pattée within wreath; large central jewel above; ex: CON OB*. nEF. CNG Auction 103 #791. Korwin Collection. Ex Lanz 149 (24 June 2010) #540. RIC X p.264 #335; Depeyrot p.251 #72/2; MIRB 50; SRCV V #21245.Anaximander

BYZANTINE EMPIRE - CONSTANTINE XConstantine X, AE Follis, 1059-1067, Constantinople
+EMMA_NOVHA - Christ standing facing on footstool, wearing nimbus and holding the book of Gospels, IC XC across fields .
EVDKARO +KWNTAK - On left, Eudocia standing facing, wearing modified loros with kite-shaped lower panel and crown with cross and pendilia; on right, Constantine standing facing, wearing modified loros and crown with cross and pendilia, both holding labarum with cross-piece on shaft between them, standing on base and three steps, and each places one hand on heart. 25mm x 29mm, 5.18g. SB 1853. Grade: aF, rough.dpaul7

BYZANTINE EMPIRE - Constantine XConstantine X (1059-1067) and Eudocia AE follis Obv.: Christ standing facing on a footstool, wearing nimbus, pallium and colobium and holding book of Gospels with both hands. Monograms. Rev.: Constantine X and Eudocia standing facing and holding labarum between them. Legend in Greek. Ref.: D. Sear, Byzantine coins and their values. p. 363, 1853, 6.44 g.
dpaul7

Byzantine Empire: Constantine X Ducas (1059-1067) Æ Follis, Constantinople (Sear 1853; DOC 8)Obv: +ЄMMA NOVHA; Christ Emmanuel standing facing on footstool, wearing nimbus, pallium and colobium, holding book of Gospels with both hands; in fields, IC XC
Rev: +ΚШΝΤΔΚ ЄVΔΚΑVΓΟ; Eudocia and Constantine X standing facing, both crowned and wearing loros, holding between them labarum, with cross on shaft, resting on three steps Quant.Geek

Byzantine Empire: Constantine X overstruck on Constantine IX Class D AE Follis.Constantinople 1059-1067 A.D. 8.36g - 30.4mm, Axis 4h.

Obv: +EMMA NOVHA - Christmas standing facing on footstool, wearing nimbus and holding Gospels, IC XC across fields.

Rev: EVDKARO +KWNTAK - Eudocia left, wearing loros with kite-shaped lower panel & crown with cross & pendilia; Constantine right, wearing loros & crown with cross & pendilia, both standing facing, holding labarum with cross-piece on shaft between them, stood on base and 3 steps.

Ref: SB 1853, SB 1836 (Constantine IX).
Provenance: Chris Scarlioli Collection. Christian Scarlioli

Byzantine Empire: Constantine X, AE Follis.Constantinople 1059-1067 A.D. 6.88g - 27.7mm, Axis 6h.

Obv: +EMMA NOVHA / IC-XC - Christ standing facing on footstool, wearing nimbus and holding Gospels, IC-XC across fields.

Rev: EVDKARO +KWNTAK - Eudocia left, wearing loros with kite-shaped lower panel & crown with cross & pendilia; Constantine right, wearing loros & crown with cross & pendilia, both standing facing, holding labarum with cross-piece on shaft between them, stood on base & 3 steps.

Ref: SB 1853.
Provenance: Chris Scarlioli Collection.Christian Scarlioli

Byzantine Empire: Constantine X, AE Follis.Constantinople 1059-1067 A.D. 9.88g - 27.9mm, Axis 6h.

Obv: +EMMA NOVHA / IC-XC - Christ standing facing on footstool, wearing nimbus and holding Gospels, IC-XC across fields.

Rev: EVDKARO +KWNTAK - Eudocia left, wearing loros with kite-shaped lower panel & crown with cross & pendilia; Constantine right, wearing loros & crown with cross & pendilia, both standing facing, holding labarum with cross-piece on shaft between them, stood on base & 3 steps.

Ref: SB 1853.
Provenance: Chris Scarlioli Collection. Christian Scarlioli

Byzantine Empire: Constantine X, AE Follis.Constantinople 1059-1067 A.D. 5.75g - 32mm.

Obv: +EMMA NOVHA - Christ standing facing on footstool, wearing nimbus and holding Gospels, IC XC across fields.

Rev: EVDKARO +KWNTAK, Eudocia on left, wearing loros with kite-shaped lower panel and crown with cross and pendilia; Constantine on right, wearing loros and crown with cross and pendilia, both standing facing, holding labarum with cross-piece on shaft between them, standing on base and three steps, each places one hand on heart.

Ref: SB 1853.
Provenance: Chris Scarlioli Collection.Christian Scarlioli

Byzantine Empire: Constantine X, AE Follis. Constantinople 1059-1067 A.D. 7.44g - 26mm.

Obv: +EMMA NOVHA - Christ standing facing on footstool, wearing nimbus and holding Gospels, IC XC across fields.

Rev: EVDKARO + KWNTAK - Eudocia on left, wearing loros with kite-shaped lower panel and crown with cross and pendilia; Constantine on right, wearing loros and crown with cross and pendilia, both standing facing, holding labarum with cross-piece on shaft between.

Ref: SB 1853.
Provenance: Chris Scarlioli Collection.Christian Scarlioli

Byzantine Empire: Romanus IV Diogenes (1068-1071 CE) AV Histamenon Nomisma, Constantinople (Sear 1859; DOC 1)Obv: + PΩMAN.-ЄVΔKΠCH; central figure of nimbate Christ, standing facing on dais, reaching up with both hands to crown Romanus (on left), and Eudocia (on right), each wearing crown and loros and holding globus cruciger with inner hand; IC-XC across fields
Rev: KΩN-MX-ANΔ; three figures of Michael VII (in center), Constantius (on left) and Andronicus (on right) standing facing on circular cushions, each crowned and wearing saccos and loros; Michael holding transverse jeweled vexillum in right hand and akakia in left, the other two each holding globus cruciger in outer hand and akakia in inner hand
Quant.Geek

BYZANTINE, Constantine X 1059-1067 ConstantinopleObv: Christ Standing
Rev: Empress Eudocia and Emperor with Labarum Between Them
Sear 18531 comments

BYZANTINE, Romanus IV, A.D.1068-1071, AV HistamenonROMANUS IV Diogenes, A.D.1068-1071. AV Histamenon Nomisma (27mm, 4.00 gm). Constantinople mint.
Obv: Constantius and Andronicus, each holding a globus cruciger, standing facing on either side of Michael holding labarum and akakia; all on beaded exergual line
Rev: Christ, nimbate, standing facing on footstool, crowning Romanus and Eudocia, each holding a globus cruciger.
DOC III 2; SB 1861.1 comments

Constantine XAE Follis
Constantinople mint, 1059-1067 A.D.
27mm, 6.74g
BVC- 1853

Obverse:
+EMMANOVHA
IC XC
Christ standing facing on footstool, nimbus cruciger, pallium and colobium, holds Gospels in both hands.

Reverse:
+KWN T ΔK EVΔK AVΓO
Eudocia on left and Constantine on right, standing facing, holding between them labarum with cross on shaft on three steps between.; each wears crown and loros.Will J

Constantine X & Eudocia AE Follis, 1059-1067, Constantinople.+EMMA NOVHA, Christ standing facing on footstool, wearing nimbus and holding Gospels, IC XC across fields / EVDKARO +KWNTAK, Eudocia on left, wearing loros with kite-shaped lower panel and crown with cross and pendilia; Constantine on right, wearing loros and crown with cross and pendilia, both standing facing, holding labarum with cross-piece on shaft between them, standing on base and three steps, each places one hand on heart. SB 1853.

8.73gm. 30mm.Britanikus

Constantine X (1059 - 1067 A.D.)Æ FOLLIS
O: +EMMA_NOVHA Christ standing facing on footstool, raising hand in benediction and holding Gospels. IC XC across field
R: EVDKARO +KWNTAK On left, Eudocia standing facing, wearing modified loros with kite-shaped lower panel and crown with cross and pendilia; on right, Constantine standing facing, wearing modified loros and crown with cross and pendilia, both holding labarum with cross-piece on shaft between them, standing on base and three steps, and each places one hand on heart
Constantinople
6.1g
26mm
DOC 8; SB 1853

Overstruck2 commentsMat

Constantine X AE follis SB 1853Obverse; +EMMANOVHA. Christ stg. facing on footstool, wearing nimbus cr., pallium and colobium and holding book of Gospels with both hands, in field to l., IC to r., XC
Reverse: + KWN T AK EVAK AVTO or similar, Eudocia on l., Constantine bearded on r., stg. faing holding cross between them labarum with cross on shaft resting on three steps each wearing crown and loros.
Date1056-1067 CE
Mint: Constantinople
Sear 1853 DO 8wileyc

Constantine X AE follis SB 1854 over struck on SB 1853Obverse: +EMMANOVHA Bust of Christ facing, wearing nimbus cr. pallium and colobium, and raising r. hand in benediction; in l. hand, book of Gospels to l., IC ro r., XC overstruck on the reverse of SB 1853 + KWN T AK EVAK AVTO or similar, Eudocia on l., Constantine bearded on r., stg. faing holding cross between them labarum with cross on shaft resting on three steps each wearing crown and loros.
Rev: +KWN RACIAEVC O (delta)OVK. or very similar. Bust facing bearded, wearing crown and loros, and holding cross and akakia. overstruck on the obverse of 1853Obverse; +EMMANOVHA. Christ stg. facing on footstool, wearing nimbus cr., pallium and colobium and holding book of Gospels with both hands, in field to l., IC to r., XC
Mint: Constantinople
Date: 1059-1067 CE
SB 1853/3
32mm, 6.68g
DHCwileyc

Constantine X AE follis SB 1854 over struck on SB 1853Obverse: +EMMANOVHA Bust of Christ facing, wearing nimbus cr. pallium and colobium, and raising r. hand in benediction; in l. hand, book of Gospels to l., IC ro r., XC overstruck on the obverse of 1953 +EMMANOVHA. Christ stg. facing on footstool, wearing nimbus cr., pallium and colobium and holding book of Gospels with both hands, in field to l., IC to r., XCRev:+KWN RACIAEVC O (delta)OVK. or very similar. Bust facing bearded, wearing crown and loros, and holding cross and akakia over struck on the reverse of 1853 + KWN T AK EVAK AVTO or similar, Eudocia on l., Constantine bearded on r., stg. faing holding cross between them labarum with cross on shaft resting on three steps each wearing crown and loros
Mint: Constantinople
Date: 1059-882g
SB 1854/3
30mm, 8.82g
CWC

wileyc

Constantine X and EudociaConstantine X and Eudocia
AE Follis 6.98g / 27.5mm
Rv: +EMMA NOVHA - Christ standing facing
Ob: +KWNTAK (on r.) EVAKArO (on l.) - To l., Eudocia standing facing, wearing modified loros w/kite-shaped lower panel and crown w/ cross and pendilia; to r., Constantine standing facing, wearing modified loros and crown w/ cross and pendilia; labarum between, w/ cross on base base of three steps, each places one hand on heart.
Mint: Constantinople (1059-1067)
Ref: Sear 1853
1 commentsScotvs Capitis

Constantine X and Eudocia (1059-1067 AD) AE follis, Constantinople mintByzantine Empire, Constantine X and Eudocia (1059-1067 AD) AE follis, Constantinople mint

Obverse: +EMMA NOVHA IC-XC, Christ standing facing and holding gospels.

Reverse: EVΔO AVΓ - + R Θ KWN T ΔK ( or similar), Eudocia and Constantine X facing, holding a labrum on base with three steps.

Reference: SB 1853

Ex: Kayser-i Rum Numismatics +photo
Gil-galad

Constantine X and Eudocia, SBCV 1853+EMMANOVHΛ
Standing figure of Christ on footstool, holding book of Gospels, IC XC in fields to sides
EVΔK AVΓO KΩN TΔk
Facing, standing figures of Eudocia and Constantine, both wearing loros, with labarum between
AE follis, 30mm, 9.36g

Strongly double struck and struck over Class D anonymous follisnovacystis

Constantine X and EudoxiaConstantine X, AE Follis, 1059 - 1067 AD, 24-29 mm, 8.90 gm, SB 1853
OBV: OB: EMMA NOVHA, Christ standing facing on footstool, wearing nimbus and holding Gospels, IC XC across fields
REV: EVDKARO +KWNTAK, Eudocia on left, wearing loros with kite-shaped lower panel and crown with cross and pendilia;
Constantine on right, wearing loros and crown with cross and pendilia, both standing facing, holding labarum with cross-piece on shaft between them, standing on base and three steps,
each places one hand on heart
SRukke

Constantine X ChristConstantine X, Bronze Follis, 1059 - 1067 AD, Constantinople, 29.4mm max., 5.1g, SB 1853
OBV: EMMA NOVHA, Christ standing facing on footstool, wearing nimbus and holding Gospels, IC XC across fields
REV: EVDKARO +KWNTAK, Eudocia on left, wearing loros with kite-shaped lower panel and crown with cross and pendilia;
Constantine on right, wearing loros and crown with cross and pendilia, both standing facing,
holding labarum with cross-piece on shaft between them, standing on base and three steps, each places one hand on heart.
1 commentsSRukke

Constantine X Doukas 1059 - 67 AE 25-29mmConstantine X Doukas 1059 - 67

Obv. Eudocia on l., Constantine bearded on r., stg. facing holding cross between them labarum with cross on shaft resting on three steps each wearing crown and loros.

Rev. + KWN T AK EVAK AVTO or similar . countermark near the center is Mardin #14, with the Arabic name 'Imad. It is attributed to the Zengid ruler 'Imad al-din Zengi II, Atabeg of Sinjar and Nisibin (565-94 AH / 1169-97 AD), probably applied at the mint of Nisibin.Lee S

CONSTANTINE X, EUDOCIA, AE Follis, Constantinople OBV: Christ standing facing.

REV: Eudocia standing facing wearing Loros. Constantine standing facing. Between them they hold a Laborum with cross piece on shaft.

26x30mm, 5.2 grams.

Sear 1853
Marjan E

Eudocia, wife of Constantine X Ducas, 1059 - 1067 CE.Æ follis (25.8 mm, 5.52 g) Constantinople mint.
Obv: +Ð„MMA NOVHÎ›, Nimbate Christ stg. facing on footstool, holding Gospels; in fields, IC at l., XC at r.
Rev: Ð„VÎ”KAVÎ“ +KÏ‰NTÎ”K, Eudocia and Constantine, stg facing, holding labarum with cross, resting on three steps.
Sear 1853; DOC 8.

Israel, Hamat Gadar, inscription of the Empress Eudocia's poem about the Hamat Gader bathsIsrael, Hamat Gadar, inscription of the Empress Eudocia's poem about the Hamat Gader baths, 5th Century AD

The Hamat Gader Poem inscribed on the baths at Hamat Gader was very short, and can be included here, as evidence of her hexameter writing style. The poem was inscribed so visitors could read it as they went into the pool.

I have seen many wonders in my life, countless,
But who, noble Clibanus, however many his mouths, could proclaim
Your might, when born a worthless mortal? But rather
It is right for you to be called a new fiery ocean,
Paean and parent, provider of sweet streams.
From you the thousandfold swell is born, one here, one there,
On this side boiling-hot, on that side in turn icy-cold and tepid.
Into fountains four-fold four you pour out your beauty.
Indian and Matrona, Repentius, holy Elijah,
Antoninus the Good, Dewy Galatia, and
Hygieia herself, warm baths both large and small,
Pearl, ancient Clibanus, Indian and other
Matrona, Strong, Nun, and the Patriarch's.
For those in pain your powerful might is always everlasting.
But I will sing of a god, renowned for wisdom
For the benefit of speaking mortals.

The inscription of the poem

The line "Of the Empress Eudocia" flanked by two crosses is set above the poem. This title line was added after the carving of the main inscription, making room for some doubt whether the poem was indeed authored by Eudocia. Clibanus is the name given to the source of the hot water. After praising his qualities and those of his many springs ("the thousandfold swell"), the poem enumerates "four-fold four", thus sixteen different parts of the bath complex, fourteen of which bear a name; these names include Hygieia (the pagan goddess of health), a whole range of pagan personal names, "holy Elijah" referring to the prophet, and two refer to Christians – a nun and a patriarch.

Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eudocia's_poem_Hamat_Gader.png
Greek Inscriptions from á¸¤ammat Gader: A Poem by the Empress Eudocia and Two Building Inscriptions Author(s): JUDITH GREEN and YORAM TSAFRIR
Source: Israel Exploration Journal, Vol. 32, No. 2/3 (1982), pp. 77-96Joe Sermarini

Israel, Hamat Gadar, Ruins of SynagogueHamat Gader was already a well known health and recreation site in Roman times, mentioned in Strabo, Origen and Eunapius, as well as the Rabbinic literature. Construction of the bath complex began in the 2nd century by the 10th Roman Legion, which was garrisoned in nearby Gadara. The ancient Hebrew name means hot springs of (the ancient city of) Gadara. Gadar today is nearby modern Umm Qais. The Arabic name El-Hamma preserves this, and the name of the tel located near the site, Tel Bani, is a corruption of the Latin word meaning "baths." The empress Aelia Eudocia composed a poem praising the qualities of the multiple springs which was inscribed so that visitors could see it as they went into the pool. The mosaic pavement recovered from the 5th century Hamat Gader synagogue, is now installed in the entrance hall of the Supreme Court of Israel.

Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hamat-gader-archeol-site-synagoge.jpgJoe Sermarini

Israel, Hamat Gadar, Ruins of the Roman BathsHamat Gader was already a well known health and recreation site in Roman times, mentioned in Strabo, Origen and Eunapius, as well as the Rabbinic literature. Construction of the bath complex began in the 2nd century by the 10th Roman Legion, which was garrisoned in nearby Gadara (modern Umm Qais). The ancient Hebrew name means hot springs of (the ancient city of) Gadara. The Arabic name El-Hamma preserves this, and the name of the tel located near the site, Tel Bani, is a corruption of the Latin word meaning "baths." The empress Aelia Eudocia composed a poem praising the qualities of the multiple springs which was inscribed so that visitors could see it as they went into the pool.

Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hamat-gader_25.jpg
Photo by Daniel Ventura
Joe Sermarini

Israel, Jerusalem, Supreme Court Entrance Hall - Mosaic from Hamat Gader Synagogue A section of the mosaic pavement recovered from the ancient Hamat Gader synagogue, now installed in the entrance hall of the Supreme Court of Israel.

Hamat Gader was already a widely known health and recreation site in Roman times. It is mentioned in Strabo, Origen and Eunapius, as well as the Rabbinic literature. Construction of the bath complex began in the 2nd century by the 10th Roman Legion, which was garrisoned in nearby Gadara. The site includes a Roman theater, which was built in the 3rd century CE and contained 2,000 seats. A large synagogue was built in the 5th century CE. The empress Aelia Eudocia composed a poem praising the qualities of the multiple springs which was inscribed so that visitors could see it as they went into the pool.Joe Sermarini

ROMAN EMPIRE, Eudocia, 423-425 Constantinople (mm off flan)Obv: ...EVDO...
Rev: Empress Enthroned, CONCORDIA AVG
RIC X 428
(Eudocia was the empress of Theodosius II and is not to be confused with Arcadius' empress Eudoxia. Eudoxia had a similar coin, but it was larger [AE3], with a different reverse legend [GLORIA ROMANORVM], and never a star in reverse left field [sometimes a cross]). 1 comments

Romanus IV DiogenesByzantine Empire, Romanus IV Diogenes, 1 January 1068 - 19 August 1071
Gold histamenon nomisma, Sommer 54.2.3 (also clipped); DOC III, part 2, 2; Ratto 2026; Morrisson BnF 4 ff.; Wroth BMC 2; SBCV 1861, gF, clipped, Constantinople mint, weight 2.749g, maximum diameter 21.9mm, die axis 180o, 1 Jan 1068 - 19 Aug 1071; obverse KWN MX AN∆, Michael standing facing, labarum in right, akakia in left, flanked by Constantius and Andronicus, each holding globus cruciger in outer hand, akakia in inner hand, all wear saccos and loros, all without footstools on dotted exergual band; reverse +PWMA EV∆KIA (or similar), Christ standing facing, wearing nimbus, pallium and colobium, crowning Romanus standing facing on left, and Eudocia standing facing on right, each wearing saccos and loros and hold a globus cruciger in inner hand, IC - XC flanking above;

EX: Marti Hervera (Barcelona, Spain);

EX: Forum Ancient CoinsSRukke

[1616b] Heraclius, 5 Oct 610 - 11 Jan 641 A.D.BYZANTINE EMPIRE. Heraclius AD 610-641. AE.Follis. Ref:Sear 833; 12.91g. VF; Nicomedia mint. Obverse: Facing bust of Heracliu, holding cross in right hand. Reverse: Incial letter M, ANNO to left, II to right ( Year 2 AD 611/612), officia letter A betweem limbs of M, above cross; mint-signature NIKO in exergue . Very fine, earthern deposit in fields-not as yellow as picture suggest. Ex Pavlos S Pavlou.

De Imperatoribus Romanis
An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors

Heraclius (October 5, 610 - February 641 A.D.)

R. Scott Moore
Indiana University of Pennsylvania

Accession
The last years of Phocas' reign were troubled ones with many foreign threats, such as the Slavic incursions, and internal threats, such as violent religious conflicts and even unsuccessful rebellions. In 608, the exarch of Carthage revolted and dispatched a fleet under the command of his son, Heraclius, to Constantinople. Along the way, in Egypt, Heraclius joined forces with his cousin Nicetas who was able to capture Cyrenaica and Egypt from Phocas' general Bonosos. Heraclius' fleet continued on to Constantinople where he entered into secret negotiations with one of Phocas' top military leaders, Priscus. He was married to Phocas' daughter Domentzia. With the support of Priscus, the patriarch Sergius I, and the faction of the Greens, Heraclius was able to seize the city, have Phocas beheaded and became emperor on October 5, 610 AD.

Private Life
Heraclius, the son of the exarch of Carthage, Heraclius, and Epiphania was born around the year 575. When he was crowned as emperor in 610 AD, he married Fabia, who then took the name Eudocia. From this marriage, Heraclius had a daughter, Eudocia, and a son Heraclius Constantine, who was proclaimed as co-emperor in 613. Suffering from epilepsy, Fabia died in 612 and Heraclius married his niece Martina in 613. With Martina, Heraclius had nine children of which four died in infancy. Heraclius' marriage to Martina was never received favorably by either the people of Constantinople or the Church.

Foreign Affairs
When Heraclius first came to the throne in 610, the Byzantine Empire was being attacked from numerous sides. In the west, the Avars and Slavs were expanding into the northern Balkans. The Slavs controlled the Danube regions, Thrace, Macedonia, and were soon invading Central Greece and the Peloponnesus. In the east, meanwhile, the Persians under the rule of Chosroes had begun a series of successful attacks on the empire resulting in the loss of Damascus in 613, Jerusalem in 614 (destroying the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and capturing the Holy Cross) and Egypt in 619. Recognizing the difficulty in fighting on two opposing fronts at the same time, Heraclius signed a peace treaty with the Avars in 619, and focused on the eastern half of the empire. In the spring of 622, Heraclius left Constantinople for Asia Minor and began training his troops over the summer, focusing on a more involved role for the Byantine cavalry.

In the autumn, Heraclius' army invaded Armenia and soon won several victories over the Persians. The Avars, in the meantime, became restless and Heraclius was forced to renegotiate the peace treaty with them at a much higher tribute level. Heraclius then returned to the army and for the next several years unsuccessfully attempted to break through the Persian army and into Persia. In August of 626 while Heraclius and his army were in Lazica away from Constantinople, a Persian army attacked the city from the east while an army of Avars, Slavs, and Bulgars attacked from the west and from the sea. On August 10, the Byzantine navy was able to defeat the opposing fleet and then rout the combined Slav and Avar land force. With the defeat of their allies, the Persians retreated to Syria.

In the autumn of 627, Heraclius began to work his way into Persian territory winning an important battle in December at Nineveh during which most of the Persian army was destroyed. As Heraclius continued to move further into Persian territory, Chosroes was deposed and succeeded by his son Kavadh-Siroe whose first act was to secure a treaty with Heraclius. The treaty was very favorable to the Byzantines and returned all the former Byzantine territories to the empire. Within a few short months, Kavadh-Siroe fell ill and died after naming Heraclius as guardian of his son, Chosroes II. For all practical purposes, the Persian Empire no longer existed. In 630 Heraclius traveled to Jerusalem where he returned the Holy Cross to the city among much acclaim.

The defeat of the Persians created a larger problem for the Byzantine empire. The struggle between the Byzantines and the Persians had worn down both sides and the defeat of the Persians allowed the Arabs to quickly absorb what remained of the Persian empire. It also removed the buffer between the Arabs and the Byzantines allowing the two empires to come into contact and conflict. In 634 the Arab armies invaded Syria and defeated Theodore, the emperor's brother, in a string of battles. Heraclius raised a large army that attacked the Arabs near the Yarmuk, a tributary of the Jordan, in the fall of 636. After a successful beginning, the larger Byzantine army was defeated allowing the conquest of Syria. The Byzantine defeat also led to the Arabs quickly taking Mesopotamia, Armenia and eventually Egypt.

Internal Affairs
While Heraclius enjoyed military success, major changes occurred internally under his rule. Greek replaced Latin as the official language of the empire and Heraclius adopted the Greek title of in place of the Latin Caesar, Augustus, or Imperator. The recovery of the eastern areas of the Byzantine Empire from the Persians once again raised the problem of religious unity, centering around the understanding of the true nature of Christ. The eastern areas, particularly Armenia, Syria, and Egypt believed in monophysitism, Christ having one nature composed of both divine and human elements. The other areas of the empire followed the orthodox view expressed at the Council of Chalcedon in 451 that decreed Christ had two natures united in one person. In an effort to bridge the gap between the two views and bring them back together, the Patriarch of Constantinople, Sergius, promoted the concept of monoenergism which proposed that the two natures of Christ had one energy. While this was received favorably at first, monoenergism soon had vocal opponents, among them the monk Sophronius who became patriarch of Jerusalem in 634 AD. The opposition to monoenergism led Sergius to propose a new doctrine that of monotheletism, the belief in a single will in Christ. Heraclius supported the new doctrine of Sergius and put it forth in an edict known as the Ekthesis, and posted it in the narthex of Hagia Sophia in 638. This failed to settle the controversy as it was rejected by the Orthodox, the Monophysites, and even the Church of Rome.

Succession
During the last years of Heraclius' life, it became evident that a struggle was taking place between Heraclius' son from his first marriage, Heraclius Constantine, and his second wife Martina who was trying to position her son Heraclonas in line for the throne. On the 11th of February 641, Heraclius died and in his will left the empire to both Heraclius Constantine and Heraclonas to rule jointly with Martina as Empress and mother of both.

Copyright (C) 1997, R. Scott Moore. Published: De Imperatoribu Romanis, http://www.roman-emperors.org/heraclis.htm Used by permission.

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.

1 commentsCleisthenes

[1655a] Anonymous follis of Christ, class G, Romanus IV, 1 January 1068 - 19 August 1071 A.D.Anonymous Bronze Follis, Sear-1867, Class-G, Attributed to Romanos IV Diogenes, struck 1068-1071 at Constantinople, 7.87 grams, 24.7 mm. VF. Obverse: Bust of Christ facing, wearing nimbus cruciger, pallium and colobium, and raising right hand in benediction and holding the book of Gospels in left hand, border of large pellets. Reverse: Facing bust of the Virgin orans, nimbate and wearing pallium and maphorium, border of large pellets. Well centered and struck on a broad flan with nice details and choice eye appeal. Deep brown patina with reddish earthen highlights adds to the eye appeal.

Romanos IV Diogenes

Romanus also spelled Romanos Byzantine emperor (January 1, 1068–1071), a member of the Cappadocian military aristocracy.

In 1068 Romanus married Eudocia Macrembolitissa, widow of the emperor Constantine X Ducas. He led military expeditions against the Seljuq Turks but was defeated and captured by them at the Battle of Manzikert (1071). On his release Romanus found that Constantine X's son had been crowned sole ruler as Michael VII Ducas. Romanus was blinded and exiled to the island of Prote in the Sea of Marmara, where he died ("Romanus IV Diogenes." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 16 Apr. 2008 ).

Romanus IV, Diogenes was the second husband of Eudocia, who it would seem, married him to supply the Byzantine Empire with an emperor. Eudocia was serving as regent, but conditions required an emperor, thus the marriage to the general, Romanus IV. He was taken prisoner during a military campaign against the Turks and Eudocia was restored to the throne, along with her son, Michael. A position, in reality, she had probably never left (Joseph Sermarini).

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.

Cleisthenes

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