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Ptolemaic Egypt, Ptolemy VI, Æ29, Cyprus Mint.
Diademed head of Zeus-Ammon right.
/ RTOLEMAIOY BASILEWS Two eagles standing
left on thunderbolt, cornucopia before. S7900; SNG
Cop. 341. VF Coin #618
cars100

15.25 Hadrian and SabinaEGYPT, Alexandria. Hadrian. AD 117-138. BI Tetradrachm (25mm, 12.94 g, 12h). Dated RY 18 (AD 133/4). Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Hadrian right / Draped bust of Sabina right, wearing stephane; L–IH (date) across field. Köln 1093; Dattari (Savio) 1255; K&G 32.572. VF, find patina, slight die shift on obverse.

Ex Classical Numismatic Group 34 (6 May 1995), lot 331.

Ex CNG eAuction 3186 commentsSosius

29.6 Aquilia Severa - Wife of ElagabalusEGYPT, Alexandria. Aquilia Severa. Augusta, AD 220-221 & 221-222. Potin Tetradrachm (23mm, 11.63 g, 11h). Dated RY 4 of Elagabalus (AD 220/1). Draped bust right / Homonoia standing left, right hand raised, holding double cornucopia with left; L Î” (date) to left. Köln 2369; Dattari (Savio) 4178; K&G 58.3. Near VF, dark brown patina, light porosity.

Ex CNG eAuction 318Sosius

4996A EGYPT, Alexandria. Hadrian Tetradrachm 117-18 AD Harpocrates standingReference.
RPC III, 4996A; Emmett 850.2; Dattari 1375

http://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/coins/3/4996A/

Issue L B = year 2

Obv. ΑΥΤ ΚΑΙС ΤΡΑΙΝΟС (sic) ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС
Laureate head right; drapery on left shoulder

Rev. LB
Harpocrates standing facing, raising hand to mouth and holding cornucopia, leaning on column.

13.60 gr
23 mm
12hokidoki

EGYPT, Alexandria. Antoninus Pius.AD 138-161Drachm (33mm, 23.58 g, 12h). Zodiac series. Dated RY 8 (AD 144/5). AVT K TAI/ AAP ANTWNEINOC CEB EVC, laureate head right / Sun in Leo: Lion leaping right; above, radiate and draped bust of Helios (Sun) and eight-rayed star; L H (date) below. Good VF, untouched dark green patina with touches of red. One of the finest known examples for the type.

Alexandria saw an immense output of coinage during the eighth year of Antoninus Pius's reign. The Zodiac drachms, mythological types, and a host of issues for the nomes appeared that year. One explanation for this activity centers on the celebration of the renewal of the Great Sothic cycle, the point when the star Sothis (Sirius) rises on the same point on the horizon as the sun. This cycle of 1461 years began early in the reign of Pius in AD 139, and apparently prompted a renewal in the ancient Egyptian religion, while the coin types also stressed the connections to the Greco-Roman Pantheon.
Private collection of Mr. B. MazehBrahim M

Egypt, Alexandria. Domitian. A.D. 81-96. AE drachm.Egypt, Alexandria. Domitian. A.D. 81-96. AE drachm (34.7 mm, 23.61 g, 11 h). Alexandria mint, Struck A.D. 95/6. [AVT KAIC ΘЄ] OVIOC ΔOMIT [CЄB ΓЄPM], laureate head of Domitian right / Frontal elevation of triumphal arch; L - IE ( yr. 15 = A.D. 95/6 ). Emmett 257.15. Near VF / VF, very dark green smooth patina. Scarce (Emmett "frequency" 2). RPC II, 2728.
From the D. Thomas Collection; Wz Group CEM; Ex Walter Niggeler Collection; Ex Bank Leu/Munzen und Medallien.3 commentsAncient Aussie

Kassander, 317 - 297 BC. AE18. Struck 319 - 305 BC at an uncertain mint in MacedoniaObverse: No legend. Head of Herakles, wearing lion's skin, facing right.
Reverse: KAΣΣAN - ΔPOY, above and below crouching lion facing right, Λ in right field, before lion.
Diameter: 17.77mm | Weight: 3.76gms | Die Axis: 6
SNG Cop 1138 | Sear GCV 6753 | Forrer/Weber 2161

This type was issued before Kassander's assumption of the royal title in 305 BC

Kassander (Cassander) was one of the Diadochoi, a group of Macedonian generals, and the self proclaimed ruler of Macedonia during the political turmoil following the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC. He was the son of Antipater, who had been appointed as regent in Macedonia while Alexander was in the East.
In 319 BC and close to death, Antipater transferred the regency of Macedonia to Polyperchon. Kassander refused to acknowledge the new regent and, with the aid of Antigonus I Monopthalmus the ruler of Phrygia, he seized Macedonia and most of Greece, including Athens. In 317 BC, he declared himself regent and had Alexander's widow, Roxanna and son, Alexander IV confined in Amphipolis. Later, in 310 or 309 BC, he had them put to death by poisoning. But, even though he had murdered Alexander's heirs and had been the de facto ruler of Macedonia from 317 BC, Kassander did not take the royal titles and declare himself king until 305 BC.
Meanwhile, Antigonus was intent on reuniting Alexander's empire under his own sovereignty and so Kassander joined forces with Ptolemy I of Egypt, Seleucus in Babylon and Lysimachus ruler of Thrace to oppose him. The two sides fought several battles between 319 and 303 BC resulting in Kassander losing Athens in 307 BC and his possessions south of Thessaly between 303 and 302 BC. However, in 301 BC Antigonus was defeated and killed at the Battle of Ipsus in Phrygia which allowed Kassander to secure undisputed control over Macedonia.
During his rule Kassander restored peace and prosperity to the kingdom, founding or restoring numerous cities, including Thebes which had been levelled by Alexander as punishment for rebelling against him. He also founded Thessalonica, naming the city after his wife, and Cassandreia, founded upon the ruins of Potidaea, which was named after himself.
Kassander died of dropsy in 297 BC and may have been buried in a royal tomb recently discovered at Vergina, identified as Aigai, the first Macedonian capital.
*Alex

Philip II, Alexandria, Billion TetredrachmRoman Empire, Philip II, 247-249
Billion.-Tetradrachm year 5 = 247, Egypt, city of Alexandria.
Obverse: AKM IOV FILIPPOC EVC, bust right
Reverse:. Homonoia with double cornucopia, LE in left field=year 5.
24mm, 13.2 g., Datt. 5057, BMC 16.267.2059
sold 1-2018

Billion is an alloy of precious metal, mostly silver, with a mixture or base metal such as copper. Many Roman coins from the 2nd and 3rd century are made of billion because of debasements of the denarius and the tetradrachm.NORMAN K

Probus, Egypt, Alexandria BI tetradrachmEgypt, Alexandria. Probus. A.D. 276-282. BI tetradrachm (20.8 mm, 8.07 g)
Dated RY 3 = A.D. 277/8.
Obverse: A K M AVP ΠPOBOC CEB, laureate and draped bust right
Reverse: L-Γ,( year 3) eagle standing facing, head right, with wreath in its beak. Milne 4566; Curtis 1867; Emmett 3985. 1 commentsNORMAN K

Ptolemaic KingdomHellenistic coinage of the Ptolemies, after Alexander the Great. Principal mints include Alexandria in Egypt, Paphos and Sidon in Cyprus, and Sidon and Tyre in Phoenicia. 1 commentsAnaximander

EGYPT, Antinoöpolis
PB Tessera (23mm, 5.21 g, 1 h)
[Dated RY 2 of an uncertain era?]
Draped bust of Antinoös right, wearing hem-hem crown; crescent before, [Î˜Ï‰ behind]
Nike advancing left, holding palm frond and wreath; L [B flanking?]
Milne -; Dattari (Savio) 11655; Köln 3560 var. (size)Ardatirion

EGYPT, Antinoöpolis
PB Tessera (20mm, 4.04 g, 6 h)
Dated year 25 of an uncertain era
Draped bust of Antinous right, crescent before
Serapis standing left, holding long scepter; L Ð„ flanking
Milne -; Dattari (Savio) -; Köln -; Roma E-40, lot 358 (same obv die?)Ardatirion

EGYPT, Antinoöpolis
PB Tessera (20mm, 3.70 g, 2h)
Draped bust of Antinous right, crescent before
Serapis standing facing, head left, holding scepter and raising right hand
Milne –; Dattari (Savio) 6535 and 11780; Köln 3559Ardatirion

EGYPT, Antinoöpolis
PB Tessera (21mm, 5.05 g, 3 h)
Dated year 8 of an uncertain era
Draped bust of Antinous right, wearing hem-hem crown; L [H] flanking
Draped bust of Serapis-Helios right, wearing calathus; L H flanking
Milne -; Dattari (Savio) 6445; Köln 3579Ardatirion

EGYPT, Antinoöpolis
PB Tessera (25mm, 6.33 g, 12 h)
Dated year […] of an uncertain era
Draped bust of Antinous right, crescent before
Serapis standing left, holding long scepter; L [?] flanking
Milne -; Dattari (Savio) -; Köln -Ardatirion

EGYPT, Antinoöpolis
PB Tessera – Dichalkon
Draped bust of Antinous right, wearing hem-hem crown(?);[Î”]/I downward to left, X/A downward to right
Tyche standing right, holding rudder and cornucopia; [Î›/K] downwards to left, [O/N] downwards to right

This piece is extremely important for the study of lead tokens in Roman Egypt. The legend reads DIXALKON, normally a bronze denomination. Leads bearing denominational names are known from only a few specimens (see Köln 3502, for one such piece from Memphis), including one of this type in Dattari (Savio).Ardatirion

EGYPT, Antinoöpolis
PB Tessera (21mm, 4.14 g, 4 h)
Dated year 2 of an uncertain era
Confronted busts of Antinous, draped and wearing hem-hem crown, and Isis, draped and wearing headdress; [L] B flanking
Nilus reclining left on hippopatumus, holding cornucopia and reeds
Milne -; Milne, Memphis p. 115; Dattari (Savio) -; Köln 3569-70; Rostovtsev & Prou 665-6; Roma 6 (29 September 2013), lot 923-4Ardatirion

EGYPT, Aphroditopolis
PB Tessera (13mm, 1.78 g)
Eros standing left, stooping over bird to left
Head of hippocamp right (or swan right?)
Milne 5325-9; Dattari (Savio) 11856-7; Köln -; Rostowzew & Prou 714 (dolphin)

The reverse type here more closely resembles a swan than it does a hippocamp. While the swan is a symbol of Aphrodite, Dattari (Savio) 11857 clearly shows the head a hippocamp. It is possible that these are two distinct types.Ardatirion

EGYPT, Aphroditopolis
PB Tessera (15mm, 3.02 g, 4 h)
Old man standing right, leaning on staff (Anchises?)
Aphrodite seated facing on rock, head right, raising arms to cover breast
Milne 5320-4; Dattari (Savio) 11851-2; Köln -

Assuming that the types of Aphroditopolis uniformly bear relation to the goddess, the elderly male figure on the obverse presents an enigma. Perhaps the man is Anchises, the father of Aeneas. While he was certainly younger during his dalliances with Aphrodite, the artist could presumably have been influenced by the Virgilian image of an elderly man.Ardatirion

EGYPT, Arsinoe (Krokodilopolis)
PB Tessera. (25mm, 7.23 g)
Head of Pharoah right
Serapis seated left on throne, holding scepter
Milne 5442 (Fayûm class); Dattari (Savio) -; Köln 3614

Ex Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Auction 238, lot 295

Milne gives this type to an uncertain city in the Fayûm. Considering the thematic and stylistic similarities with the named piece of Arsinoe, an attribution to this city is probable.Ardatirion

EGYPT, Herakleopolis
PB Tessera (19mm, 3.25 g)
Herakles-Heryshaf standing left, resting inverted spear on ground; in right hand, Nike flying right, holding wreath
Nike flying left, holding palm frond and wreath
Milne 5335-6; Dattari (Savio) 6540; Köln 3605-6Ardatirion

ï»¿EGYPT, Hermopolis Parva
PB Tessera (16mm, 1.87 g, 12h)
Head of Zeus-Ammon right
Baboon (Thoth) seated right
Milne 5347-52; Dattari (Savio) 11833; Köln –Ardatirion

EGYPT, Koptos
PB Tessera (13mm, 1.88 g)
Head of Harpokrates facing slightly right, wearing skhent crown and raising index finger to lip; behind, cornucopia
Stag standing right
Milne 5354-8; Dattari (Savio) 11870, 11872; Köln -Ardatirion

EGYPT, Herakleopolis?
PB Tessera (22mm, 5.26 g, 12h)
Bust of Herakles right, club over shoulder; H behind, P before
Artemis standing facing, head right, drawing arrow from quiver and holding bow; hound at side
Milne -; Dattari (Savio) -; Köln 3497

Ardatirion

EGYPT, Memphis
PB Tessera (24mm, 5.76 g, 11 h)
Nilus reclining left on hippopotamus, holding cornucopia and reeds, being crowned by Euthenia advancing right
Isis-Hekate triformis standing facing, holding uraeus and resting arm on Apis bull standing left with solar disk between horns; to left, small figure standing right; MEMÎ¦IC to right
Milne 5279; Dattari (Savio) 6419; Köln 3501Ardatirion

EGYPT, Athribis
PB Tessera (24mm, 5.17 g, 12h).
Tyche reclining left on couch (hiera klinê, or lectisternium), holding rudder in outstretched right hand and resting head on raised left set on pillow; A[Î˜]PI[B]IC/ [Î OÎ›]OI above
Nike standing right, holding palm frond and presenting wreath to Serapis standing left, holding long scepter in left hand and raising right
Milne -; Dattari (Savio) -; Köln -

Ex Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Auction 274, lot 288 (there as Memphis).Ardatirion

EGYPT, Memphis
PB Tessera
Uncertain figure standing facing, holding bust of Harpokrates wearing skent crown; MEMÎ¦IC to right
Serapis enthroned left, holding scepter, with Cerberus at feet; to left, Demeter(?) standing right, holding scepter; to right, Tyche standing left, holding rudder and cornucopia
Milne -; Dattari (Savio) -; Köln 3563Ardatirion

EGYPT, Oxyrhynchus
PB Tessera (21mm, 10.52 g, 2h)
Draped bust of Athena right, wearing Corinthian helm and aegis
Athena flying left on globe, holding wreath and palm frond over shoulder
Milne 5291; Dattari (Savio) 11817 (same dies); Köln 3509-17 var. (no letters, no globe)Ardatirion

EGYPT, Oxyrhynchus
PB Tessera (21mm, 3.89 g, 12 h)
Draped bust of Athena right, wearing Corinthian helm and aegis; spear before
Nike advancing left, holding palm frond and wreath
Milne 5292-4; Dattari (Savio) -; Köln 3528 (same dies)Ardatirion

EGYPT, Oxyrhynchus
PB Tessera (16mm, 2.63 g, 2h)
Draped bust of Athena right, wearing Corinthian helm and aegis; spear before
Nike advancing left, holding palm frond and wreath; OÎž to left
Milne 5297; Dattari (Savio) -; Köln 3523-5Ardatirion

EGYPT, Oxyrhynchus
PB Tessera (23mm, 8.65 g)
Athena-Theoris advancing right, fighting serpent
Nike flying left, holding palm branch and wreath; ÎŸÎž to left
Milne 5310; Dattari (Savio) 6539, 11617; Köln 3540 (same dies)1 commentsArdatirion

EGYPT, Oxyrhynchus
PB Tessera (25mm, 9.10 g, 2h)
Athena standing left, holding Nike and long scepter, all within distyle temple with pellet in pediment
Nike advancing left, holding palm frond and wreath; OÎž to left
Milne 5312-4; Dattari (Savio) -; Köln 3534 (same dies)Ardatirion

EGYPT, Oxyrhynchus
PB Tessera (22mm, 12.13 g)
Draped bust of Athena right, wearing Corinthian helm and aegis
Oak wreath enclosing uncertain letters (OÎž monogram?)
Milne 5317-9; Dattari (Savio) -; Köln 3557-8Ardatirion

EGYPT, Oxyrhynchus
PB Tessera (26mm, 6.53 g, 1 h)
Athena-theoris advancing right, fighting serpent
Zeus Nicephorus seated left
Milne 5303-6 (same reverse die as illustration); Dattari (Savio) -; Köln 3554 (same dies)Ardatirion

EGYPT, Ptolemais Hermiou
PB Tessera (16mm, 3.23 g, 9 h)
Head of horse right
Forepart of bull right
Milne 5374-6; Dattari (Savio) 11876-8; Köln -Ardatirion

EGYPT, Sais(?)
PB Tessera (19mm, 2.52 g)
Head of Zeus-Ammon right
Helmeted head of Athena right, holding spear
Milne 5386-9; Dattari (Savio) –; Köln –Ardatirion

EGYPT, “Middle Egyptian” type
PB Tessera (18mm, 2.49 g, 9 h)
Euthenia standing left, holding patera and cornucopia; altar to left
Nike advancing left, holding palm frond and wreath
Milne 5422-5; Dattari (Savio) -; Köln 5393-9Ardatirion

EGYPT, Uncertain
Glass Tessera (17mm; 2.33 g)
Draped bust of Nike left
Head of Herakles right
Milne -; Dattari (Savio) 6555; Köln -1 commentsArdatirion

EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera
Agathodaimon serpent erect right, [wearing skhent crown?]
Blank
Milne –; cf. Dattari (Savio) 11919 = Naville 31, lot 276; Köln –Ardatirion

EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera (24 mm, 13.90 g)
Athena standing left, holding Nike and grounded shield
AÎ“O
Milne -; Dattari (Savio) -; Köln 3560

Ex Classical Numismatics Group Electronic Auction 238, lot 294Ardatirion

EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera
Solar barge (Ship of Ra) left, with four oarsmen
Nilus reclining left, holding cornucopia and reeds
Milne -; Dattari (Savio) -; Köln -Ardatirion

EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera (22 mm, 4.39 g)
Dated year 5 of an uncertain era.
Veiled and draped bust of Demeter right; L Є flanking
Nilus reclining left holding reeds and cornucopia; crocodile below
Milne -; Dattari (Savio) 6475; Köln 3610Ardatirion

EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera
Confronted busts, the right bearded; star above
Serapis standing left, holding transverse scepter and raising hand
Milne -; Dattari (Savio) -; Köln -Ardatirion

EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera (19mm, 3.49 g, 8 h)
Dikaiosyne standing left, holding scales and cornucopoia
Nilus reclining left on crocodile, holding cornucopia [and reeds]
Milne -; Dattari (Savio) 1669-70; Köln -; Torino 9137-8Ardatirion

EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera (20mm, 2.69 g, 1 h)
Dikaiosyne standing left, holding scales and cornucopoia
Nilus reclining left on crocodile, holding cornucopia and reeds
Milne -; Dattari (Savio) 1669-70; Köln -; Torino 9137-8Ardatirion

EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera
Two figures standing facing
Warrior advancing right?
Milne -; Dattari (Savio) -; Köln -Ardatirion

EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Seal (?) (21mm, 4.19g)
Dated year 3 of an uncertain era.
ANTWNINOV[KAITOVNY]
Hermes standing facing, nude, head left, disk or globe in right, caduceus in left; ibis at his feet; LÎ™Î“ in left field
Traces of attached metal
Milne , “Egyptian Leaden Tokens” in NC 1930, p. 310 note 3; Milne -; Dattari (Savio) 6413; Köln -

With an old Galiere Antiker Kunst ticket.

Milne does not regard this piece as a token. The attached metal on the reverse is characteristic of certain types of lead seals.Ardatirion

EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera (21mm, 3.70 g, 11 h)
Dated year 5 of an uncertain era
Hermes standing left, holding bag and long caduceus; to left, ramleaping left, star above
Vexillum; L [Ð„] flanking
Milne 5409 corr. (ram not described); Dattari (Savio) 6453 corr. (vexillum on reverse); Köln -Ardatirion

EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera (20mm, 3.34 gm 2 h) Dated year 4 of an uncertain era
Bust of Horus right, wearing stylized pschent crown, being crowned by Victory flying left; LÎ” (date) to lower right
Nilus recling left on crocodile, holding reeds and cornucopia, being crowned by Victory flying right
Milne 5415 corr. (date); Dattari (Savio) 11642; Köln –; CNG E-353, lot 370 (same dies)Ardatirion

EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera (18mm, 4.15 g, 1h)
Dated year 2 of an uncertain era
Nilus recling left, holding cornucopia and mummiform figure of Osiris
Euthenia reclining left, holding cornucopia and grain ears; LB above
Milne 5391 var. (date); Dattari (Savio) 11623 var. (placement of date); Köln -Ardatirion

EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera
Dated year 3 of an uncertain era
Nilus reclining left, holding reeds and cornucopia
Euthenia reclining left, holding cornucopia and grain ears; [L] Γ flankingArdatirion

EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera (15mm, 2.07 g, 1h)
Nilus reclining left, holding cornucopia [and mummiform figure of Osiris?]
Euthenia reclining left, holding cornucopia and grain ears
Cf. Milne 5397-401; Dattari (Savio) 6470 corr. (obverse type); Köln -Ardatirion

EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera (22mm, 5.50 g, 4 h)
Wreathed and draped bust of Dionysos right, thrysus over shoulder
Nilus reclining left, holding cornucopia and reeds, being crowned by Euthenia advancing right
Milne -; Dattari (Savio) -; Köln -Ardatirion

EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera
Two confronted peacocks standing on urn
Nilus reclining left, holding cornucopia and reeds
Milne -; Dattari (Savio) -; Köln -Ardatirion

EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera (18mm, 2.83 , 1 h)
Tyche reclining left on couch (hiera klinê, or lectisternium), holding rudder in outstretched right hand and resting head on raised left set on pillow; all within distyle temple with pellet in pediment
Hercules standing left, holding club and small figure of Telesphorus
Milne -; Dattari (Savio) -; Köln -; Roma E-Live 3 (25 October 2018), lot 484 (same dies)Ardatirion

EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera (15mm, 2.89 g, 1h)
Draped male bust left, holding spear over shoulder
Bust of Nilus left; palm frond before, cornucopia over shoulder
Milne -; Dattari (Savio) -; Köln -

Ex Greenpoint Collection (Classical Numismatic Group Electronic Auction 287), lot 389Ardatirion

EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera (18mm, 2.91 g, 5h)
Dated year 2 of an uncertain era
Uncertain figure standing facing, behing crowned by Victory standing left
Uncertain figure standing left, holding uncertain object in raised hand; to left, ram(?) standing right; retrograde [L] B across fields
Milne –; Dattari (Savio) –; Köln –

Ex London Ancient Coins 36 (15 July 2014), lot 147Ardatirion

Alexandria BI tetradrachm of Severus Alexander, 224-225 ADEGYPT, Alexandria. Severus Alexander. AD 222-235
BI Tetradrachm
Dated RY 5 (AD 225/6)
Laureate, draped bust r.
A KAI MAP AVP CEV AÎ›EÎžANÎ”O CEV
Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right
Diakosyne standing facing, head left, holding cornucopia and scales; LÐ„ to left
K&G 62.58; Köln 2428-9; Dattari 4293

Ex W.C. Boyd Collection (Baldwin's 42, 26 September 2005), lot 207 (part of); purchased from Spink, January 1895Ardatirion

"As de Nîmes" or "crocodile" Ӕ dupondius of Nemausus (9 - 3 BC), honoring Augustus and AgrippaIMP DIVI F , Heads of Agrippa (left) and Augustus (right) back to back, Agrippa wearing rostral crown and Augustus the oak-wreath / COL NEM, crocodile right chained to palm-shoot with short dense fronds and tip right; two short palm offshoots left and right below, above on left a wreath with two long ties streaming right.

Ó”, 24.5 x 3+ mm, 13.23g, die axis 3h; on both sides there are remains of what appears to be gold plating, perhaps it was a votive offering? Rough edges and slight scrapes on flan typical for this kind of coin, due to primitive technology (filing) of flan preparation.

IMPerator DIVI Filius. Mint of COLonia NEMausus (currently Nîmes, France). Known as "As de Nîmes", it is actually a dupontius (lit. "two-pounder") = 2 ases (sometimes cut in halves to get change). Dupondii were often made out of a golden-colored copper alloy (type of brass) "orichalcum" and this appears to be such case.

Key ID points: oak-wreath (microphotography shows that at least one leaf has a complicated shape, although distinguishing oak from laurel is very difficult) – earlier versions have Augustus bareheaded, no PP on obverse as in later versions, no NE ligature, palm with short fronds with tip right (later versions have tip left and sometimes long fronds). Not typical: no clear laurel wreath together with the rostral crown, gold (?) plating (!), both features really baffling.

But still clearly a "middle" kind of the croc dupondius, known as "type III": RIC I 158, RPC I 524, Sear 1730. It is often conservatively dated to 10 BC - 10 AD, but these days it is usually narrowed to 9/8 - 3 BC.

It is a commemorative issue, honoring the victory over Mark Antony and conquest of Egypt in 30 BC. The heads of Augustus and Agrippa were probably positioned to remind familiar obverses of Roman republican coins with two-faced Janus. Palm branch was a common symbol of victory, in this case grown into a tree, like the victories of Augustus and Agrippa grown into the empire. The two offshoots at the bottom may mean two sons of Agrippa, Gaius and Lucius, who were supposed to be Augustus' heirs and were patrons of the colony. Palm may also be a symbol of the local Nemausian deity, which was probably worshiped in a sacred grove. When these coins were minted, the colony was mostly populated by the settled veterans of Augustus' campaigns, hence the reminiscence of the most famous victory, but some of the original Celtic culture probably survived and was assimilated by Romans. The crocodile is not only the symbol of Egypt, like in the famous Octavian's coins AEGYPTO CAPTA. It is also a representation of Mark Antony, powerful and scary both in water and on land, but a bit slow and stupid. The shape of the crocodile with tail up was specifically chosen to remind of the shape of ship on very common "legionary" denarius series, which Mark Antony minted to pay his armies just before Actium. It is probably also related to the popular contemporary caricature of Cleopatra, riding on and simultaneously copulating with a crocodile, holding a palm branch in her hand as if in triumph. There the crocodile also symbolized Mark Antony.

Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa was born c. 64-62 BC somewhere in rural Italy. His family was of humble and plebeian origins, but rich, of equestrian rank. Agrippa was about the same age as Octavian, and the two were educated together and became close friends. He probably first served in Caesar's Spanish campaign of 46–45 BC. Caesar regarded him highly enough to send him with Octavius in 45 BC to train in Illyria. When Octavian returned to Rome after Caesar's assassination, Agrippa became his close lieutenant, performing many tasks. He probably started his political career in 43 BC as a tribune of the people and then a member of the Senate. Then he was one of the leading Octavian's generals, finally becoming THE leading general and admiral in the civil wars of the subsequent years.

In 38 as a governor of Transalpine Gaul Agrippa undertook an expedition to Germania, thus becoming the first Roman general since Julius Caesar to cross the Rhine. During this foray he helped the Germanic tribe of Ubii (who previously allied themselves with Caesar in 55 BC) to resettle on the west bank of the Rhine. A shrine was dedicated there, possibly to Divus Caesar whom Ubii fondly remembered, and the village became known as Ara Ubiorum, "Altar of Ubians". This quickly would become an important Roman settlement. Agrippina the Younger, Agrippa's granddaughter, wife of Emperor Claudius and mother of Emperor Nero, would be born there in 15 AD. In 50 AD she would sponsor this village to be upgraded to a colonia, and it would be renamed Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (colony of Claudius [at] the Altar of Agrippinians – Ubii renamed themselves as Agrippinians to honor the augusta!), abbreviated as CCAA, later to become the capital of new Roman province, Germania Inferior.

In 37 BC Octavian recalled Agrippa back to Rome and arranged for him to win the consular elections, he desperately needed help in naval warfare with Sextus Pompey, the youngest son of Pompey the Great, who styled himself as the last supporter of the republican cause, but in reality became a pirate king, an irony since his father was the one who virtually exterminated piracy in all the Roman waters. He forced humiliating armistice on the triumvirs in 39 BC and when Octavian renewed the hostilities a year later, defeated him in a decisive naval battle of Messina. New fleet had to be built and trained, and Agrippa was the man for the job. Agrippa's solution was creating a huge secret naval base he called Portus Iulius by connecting together lakes Avernus, Avernus and the natural inner and outer harbors behind Cape Misenum at the northern end of the Gulf of Naples. He also created a larger type of ship and developed a new naval weapon: harpax – a ballista-launched grapnel shot with mechanisms that allowed pulling enemy ships close for easy boarding. It replaced the previous boarding device that Romans used since the First Punic War, corvus – effective, but extremely cumbersome. A later defence against it were scythe blades on long poles for cutting ropes, but since this invention was developed in secret, the enemy had no chance to prepare anything like it. It all has proved extremely effective: in a series of naval engagements Agrippa annihilated the fleet of Sextus, forced him to abandon his bases and run away. For this Agrippa was awarded an unprecedented honour that no Roman before or after him received: a rostral crown, "corona rostrata", a wreath decorated in front by a prow and beak of a ship.

That's why Virgil (Aeneid VIII, 683-684), describing Agrippa at Actium, says: "…belli insigne superbum, tempora navali fulgent rostrata corona." "…the proud military decoration, gleams on his brow the naval rostral crown". Actium, the decisive battle between forces of Octavian and Mark Antony, may appear boring compared to the war with Sextus, but it probably turned out this way due to Agrippa's victories in preliminary naval engagements and taking over all the strategy from Octavian.

In between the wars Agrippa has shown an unusual talent in city planning, not only constructing many new public buildings etc., but also greatly improving Rome's sanitation by doing a complete overhaul of all the aqueducts and sewers. Typically, it was Augustus who later would boast that "he had found the city of brick but left it of marble", forgetting that, just like in his naval successes, it was Agrippa who did most of the work. Agrippa had building programs in other Roman cities as well, a magnificent temple (currently known as Maison Carrée) survives in Nîmes itself, which was probably built by Agrippa.

Later relationship between Augustus and Agrippa seemed colder for a while, Agrippa seemed to even go into "exile", but modern historians agree that it was just a ploy: Augustus wanted others to think that Agrippa was his "rival" while in truth he was keeping a significant army far away from Rome, ready to come to the rescue in case Augustus' political machinations fail. It is confirmed by the fact that later Agrippa was recalled and given authority almost equal to Augustus himself, not to mention that he married Augustus' only biological child. The last years of Agrippa's life were spent governing the eastern provinces, were he won respect even of the Jews. He also restored Crimea to Roman Empire. His last service was starting the conquest of the upper Danube, were later the province of Pannonia would be. He suddenly died of illness in 12 BC, aged ~51.

Agrippa had several children through his three marriages. Through some of his children, Agrippa would become ancestor to many subsequent members of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. He has numerous other legacies.Yurii P

(0062) POPPAEA(wife of Nero)
Struck 64/65 AD Egypt-Alexandria
AR Tetradrachm 24 mm, 11.30 g
O: NERW KLAU KAIS SEB [GER AU] Radiate head right
R: POPPAIA SEBASTH Draped bust of Poppaea right
L IA in lower right field (Year 11)
Egypt, Alexandria
Emmett 128; Milne 223; Curtis 143; BMC 124; Glasgow 168 laney

(0117) HADRIAN117 - 138 AD
Struck 126/7
AE obol 18.5 mm; 4.33 g
O: Laureate bust of Hadrian right
R: Panther standing right, head inverted to left; date above.
Egypt, Alexandria; cf. Geissen 974. Kampmann-Ganschow 134, 32.443laney

(0117) HADRIAN117 - 138 AD
Dated Year 19 = 134/5 AD
Æ diobol 24.5 mm, 8.35 g
O: AVT KAIC TPAIAN AÎ”PIANOC CEB, laureate and draped bust right
R: Eagle standing right on thunderbolt, head left.
Egypt, Alexandria; Milne -, Emmett 1122 (scarce)
d.s.
laney

(0117) HADRIAN--Alexandria117 - 138 AD
Struck 120-121 AD
Billon Tetradrachm 23.5 mm, 14.3 g
O: AVT KAI TPAI CEB Laureate bust right, slight drapery on left shoulder, crescent before
R: Agathodaemon serpent erect right, wearing skhent and entwining caduceus and grain ears in coils; LE (date) in exe.
Egypt, Alexandria; Ref: Emmett 803.5 koln 804/805 var. Dattari 1547 Milne 982 RPC 3, 5270laney

(0145) FAUSTINA IIAE drachm 32 x 30.5 mm; 18.52 g
Dated year 20 = AD 156-157.
O: [FAVCTINA CEBACTH], draped bust right
R: L-K, Kybele seated left between two seated lions, holding patera and resting arm on drum.
Egypt, Alexandria; Milne 2330; Emmett 1992.
(from Dave Surber collection)
d.s.

laney

(0222) SEVERUS ALEXANDER (as Caesar)222 - 235 AD
struck ca. 222 AD
BI TETRADRACHM 22 mm 11.82 g
Dated RY 5 of Elagabalus (AD 221/2)
O: Bare-headed, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from front
R: Sarapis standing facing, head right, with hand on hip, holding sceptre; L-E (date) across fields.
EGYPT, ALEXANDRIA
Köln 2398; Dattari 4247; Milne 2859; Emmett 3082laney

(0270) AURELIAN270-275 AD
struck 274/275
Billon Tetradrachm, 20 mm; 8.53 g O: A KΛΔΟ M AVPHΛΙΑΝΟC CEB, laurate and bearded bust right of Aurelian.
O: A KΛΔΟ M AVPHΛΙΑΝΟC CEB, laurate and bearded bust of Aurelian right.
R: ETOYC S ( = year 6 AD 274/75), Nike advancing right holding wreath in front, palm branch behind left shoulder.
Egypt, Alexandria; Ref: Emmett 3947 ( Rarity 4 )
laney

(0270) AURELIAN--ALEXANDRIA270-275 AD.
Dated RY 4 (272/3 AD)
BI Tetradrachm 19 mm, 6.01 g
O: Laureate and cuirassed bust right
R: Eagle standing left, head turned to right, holding wreath in beak, between two standards; L Î” (date) and star above.
EGYPT, Alexandria. cf Köln 3078; Dattari 5495; Milne 4391; Emmett 3926laney

(0270) AURELIAN--ALEXANDRIA(0270) AURELIAN--ALEXANDRIA
270-275 AD.
Dated RY 4 (272/3 AD)
BI Tetradrachm 20 mm, 6.99 g
O: Laureate and cuirassed bust right
R: Eagle standing left, head turned to right, holding wreath in beak, between two standards;
EGYPT, Alexandria. laney

(0276) PROBUS 276 - 282 AD
(struck 278/279--year 3)
Billon Tetradrachm 19.5 mm max., 7.32 g
O: AKM AVP ΠPOBOC CEB,laurate, bearded bust right of Probus.
R: Tyche standing left holding rudder in right hand and cornucopiae in left, upper left field regnal year LΓ ( year 3)
Egypt, Alexandria
Ref:SNG Cop 924-925, Emmett 3994 laney

(0284) DIOCLETIAN284-305 AD.
Dated Year 3 (286/7 AD)
BI Tetradrachm 17.5 X 19.2 mm; 6.79 g
O: Laureate cuirassed bust right
R: Tyche standing left, holding rudder and cornucopiae; LΓ (date) to right.
EGYPT, Alexandria.laney

(0286) MAXIMIANUS286 - 305, 306 - 308, and 310 A.D.
Struck 287/8 AD
Billon potin tetradrachm 18 mm 7.51 g
O: K M A OYA MAXIMIANOC CEB, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R: Homonoia standing left, raising right, double cornucopia in left, L -G (year 3) across fields
Egypt, Alexandria mint
BMC 2561, Curtis 2091 , Milne 4855
laney

(0286) MAXIMIANUS286-305
Struck year 4 (288/9)
BI Tetradrachm 18 mm, 6.31 g
O: Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right
R: Alexandria standing facing, head left with double line of drapery, holding bust of Serapis and sceptre; L/D
Egypt, Alexandria; cf Emmett 4093, Giessen 3300laney

(06) NERO54 - 68 AD
Struck 64/65 AD Egypt-Alexandria
AR Tetradrachm 24 mm, 11.30 g
O: NERW KLAU KAIS SEB [GER AU] Radiate head right
R: POPPAIA SEBASTH Draped bust of Poppaea right
L IA in lower right field (Year 11)
Egypt, Alexandria
Emmett 128; Milne 223; Curtis 143; BMC 124; Glasgow 168 laney

(07) GALBA 68 - 69 AD
Billon Tetradrachm, 25mm, 12.52 grams
O: Laureate head of Galba right, LA below chin.
R: EI PH NH, Veiled and draped bust of Eirene right, kerykeion over shoulder.
Egypt, Alexandria MintEmmett171 // RPC5328 // Dattari302 // Koln219 // K&G17.32 commentslaney

0 - a - Vespasian Silver Tetradrachm - 14.8 Grams - Antioch, Syria.Ancient Roman Empire
Antioch, Syria.
Silver Tetradrachm of Emperor Vespasian ( 69 - 79 AD )

(titles in Greek)
obv: Laureate bust of the Emperor facing right.
rev: Eagle, holding a laureate wreath in his beak, standing on club of Hercules facing left, palm branch to left in field.

Size: 28 - 29 mm
Weight: 14.8 Grams.
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~*~ CLICK PHOTO FOR FULLSIZE ~*~
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~6 commentsrexesq

001b. Pompey MagnusPompey was considered to be the premier general of his day. He initially was an ally with Julius Caesar, in part cemented by the marriage of Pompey to Caesar's daughter Julia. The two then broke, however, with Pompey siding with the optimates (the wealthy faction) against Caesar, with his populist leadership. During the civil war following Caesar’s invasion of Rome, Pompey was decisively defeated at the battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC. He fled to Egypt, where he was murdered, much to Caesar’s displeasure.

Coin: Cn Pompeius Magnus. Denarius, 48 BC. 17mm, 3.58 g. Terentius Varro, proquaestor. Uncertain Greek mint. Obv: VARRO PRO Q, bust of Jupiter Terminus right. Rev: MAGN PRO COS in two lines in exergue. Vertical scepter, with dolphin to left and eagle to right. Cr447/1a, Syd 1033, RSC 3, Pompeia 7. Triskeles Auction 28, Lot 261.lawrence c

001p. Cleopatra VIIPtolemaic queen of Egypt. She had an affair with Julius Caesar while he was in Egypt, probably producing the son Ptolemy XV Caesar, nicknamed Caesarion. She became a key figure in the struggle between Octavian and Mark Antony when the latter began a long-term affair with her. Several acknowledged children resulted from this affair. The affair was viewed with considerable dislike by the Romans, and Octavian and his supporters made the maximum propaganda use of it. Cleopatra provided significant military forces, particularly ships, to Mark Antony for his last war with Octavian. After losing the Battle of Actium and Octavian's occupation of Egypt, she committed suicide on 10 August 30 BC, at age 39.

Coin: AE20. Chalkis, Phoenicia. 32/31 BC. Obv: Diademed bust of Cleopatra right. Rev: Head of Marc Antony right. Svoronos 1887, BMC [Berytus] 15. RPC 4771. Roma Numismatics Auction 71 Lot 690.lawrence c

006a. ClaudiaEGYPT, Alexandria. Nero, with Claudia. AD 54-68. BI Tetradrachm (22mm, 10.74 g, 12h). Dated RY 3 (AD 56/57). Laureate head of Nero right / Draped bust of Claudia Octavia right; L Î“ (date) below chin. Köln 122-4; Dattari (Savio) 190; K&G 14.7; RPC I 5202; Emmett 127.3. Near VF. Ex - CNG

Furthermore, the carefully contrived marriage between Octavia and Nero was a disaster on a personal level. Nero soon embarked on a serious relationship with a freedman named Acte, and more importantly developed an active dislike for his wife. "Quickly feeling aversion to intimacy with Octavia, he replied to his friends who were finding fault with him that she ought to be satisfied with the outward trappings of a wife." This antipthy was not likely to produce offspring who would unite the Julian and Claudian lines. By 58 Nero was becoming involved with a freeborn mistress, Poppaea, whom he would want to make his empress in exchange for Octavia. But the legitimacy of his principate derived from his relationship with his predecessor, and he was not so secure that he could do without the connection with Claudius provided through his mother and his wife. In 59 he was able to arrange for Agrippina's death, but it was not until 62 that he felt free to divorce Octavia and marry Poppaea. The initial grounds for putting Octavia aside was the charge that she was barren because she had had no children. But a more aggressive attack was needed when opposition arose from those who still challenged Nero's prncipate and remained loyal to Octavia as the last representative of her family. With the connivance of Poppaea, charges of adultery were added, Octavia was banished to Campania and then to the island of Pandataria off the coast, and finally killed. Her severed head was sent to Rome. 2 commentsecoli

012p Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5131, AR-Tetradrachm, MEΣΣAΛI-NA KAIΣ ΣEBAΣ, Messalina standing facing left, #1012p Claudius I. (41-54 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5131, AR-Tetradrachm, MEΣΣAΛI-NA KAIΣ ΣEBAΣ, Messalina standing facing left, #1
avers: TI KΛAΥΔI KAIΣ ΣEBA ΓERMANI AΥTOK, laureate head of Claudius right, LΓ before
reverse: MEΣΣAΛI-NA KAIΣ ΣEBAΣ, Messalina standing facing, head left, leaning on draped column, holding figures of two children in the extended right hand and cradling two-grain ears in the left arm.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 25mm, weight: 11,50g, axis: 0h,
mint: City: Alexandria, Region: Egypt, Province: Egypt,
date: Year (LΓ) 3 = 42-43 A.D.,
ref:
RPC I 5131,
Emmet -,
Milne 0077,
Geissen 0075,
Dattari 0123,
Kampmann-Ganschow 012.22,
Q-001quadrans

014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5233, AR-Tetradrachm, ΠPON NEOY ΣEBAΣTOY, The emperor, radiate and draped, seated left, #1014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5233, AR-Tetradrachm, ΠPON NEOY ΣEBAΣTOY, The emperor, radiate and draped, seated left, #1
avers: ΝΕΡΩ ΚΛΑΥ ΚΑΙΣ ΣΕΒΑ ΓΕΡ ΑΥΤΟ, Laureate head of Nero right.
reverse: ΠPON NEOY ΣEBAΣTOY, The emperor, radiate and draped, seated left, holding mappa, and scepter.
exergue: LE/-//--, diameter: 22,7-24,5mm, weight: 12,25g, axis: 11h,
mint: City: Alexandria, Region: Egypt, Province: Egypt,
date: Dated year (LE) 5 = 58-59 A.D.,
ref:
RPC I 5233,
Emmet -,
Milne -,
Geissen 0137,
Dattari 0202,
Kampmann-Ganschow 014.47,
Q-001quadrans

014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5274, AR-Tetradrachm, AYTO KPA, Draped bust of Serapis right, #1014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5274, AR-Tetradrachm, AYTO KPA, Draped bust of Serapis right, #1
avers: NERΩ KΛAΥ KAIΣ ΣEB ΓER, Radiate head of Nero right
reverse: AYTO KPA, Draped bust of Serapis right, wearing calathus, date (LI) to right.
exergue: -/LI//--, diameter: 23,5-25mm, weight: 11,53g, axis: 11h,
mint: City: Alexandria, Region: Egypt, Province: Egypt,
date: Dated year (LI) 10 = 63-64 A.D.,
ref:
RPC I 5274,
Emmet -,
Milne -,
Geissen 0160-0161,
Dattari 0251-0252,
Kampmann-Ganschow 014.77,
Q-001quadrans

014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5282, AR-Tetradrachm, ΠOΠΠAIA ΣEBAΣTH, draped bust of Poppaea right, #1014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5282, AR-Tetradrachm, ΠOΠΠAIA ΣEBAΣTH, draped bust of Poppaea right, #1
avers: NERΩ ΛKAΥ KAIΣ ΣEB ΓER AV, Radiate head of Nero right.
reverse: ΠOΠΠAIA ΣEBAΣTH, Draped bust of Poppaea right, LIA to right.
exergue: -/LIA//--, diameter: 23,5mm, weight: 12,89g, axis: 0h,
mint: City: Alexandria, Region: Egypt, Province: Egypt,
date: Dated year (LIA) 11 = 64-65 A.D.,
ref:
RPC I 5282,
Emmet -,
Milne 0223,
Geissen 0168-0169,
Dattari 0197,
Kampmann-Ganschow 014.85,
Koln 168,
BMCGr 124,
Q-0013 commentsquadrans

014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5284, AR-Tetradrachm, AY TOKPA, Eagle standing left, #1014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5284, AR-Tetradrachm, AY TOKPA, Eagle standing left, #1
avers: NERΩ KΛAΥ KAIΣ ΣEB ΓER AY, Radiate head of Nero right
reverse: AY TOKPA, Eagle standing left, palm over the far wing, date (LIA) to left.
exergue: LIA/Simpulum//--, diameter: 24mm, weight: 13,86g, axis: 1h,
mint: City: Alexandria, Region: Egypt, Province: Egypt,
date: Dated year (LIA) 11 = 64-65 A.D.,
ref:
RPC I 5284,
Emmet -,
Milne -,
Geissen 0167,
Dattari 0271,
Kampmann-Ganschow 014.83,
Q-0012 commentsquadrans

014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5289, AR-Tetradrachm, ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑ, -/LiB//--, Bust of Alexandria right, #1014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5289, AR-Tetradrachm, ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑ, -/LiB//--, Bust of Alexandria right, #1
avers: ΝΕΡΩ ΚΛΑV ΚΑΙΣ ΣΕΒ ΓΕΡ, Radiate bust of Nero with aegis, right.
reverse: ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑ, Bust of Alexandria with elephant headdress, right.
exergue: -/LiB//--, diameter: 23,0-24,4mm, weight: 13,11g, axis: 1h,
mint: City: Alexandria, Region: Egypt, Province: Egypt,
date: Dated year (LiB) 12 = 65-66 A.D.,
ref:
RPC I 5289,
Emmet -,
Milne -,
Geissen 0172-0174,
Dattari 0204,
Kampmann-Ganschow 014.88,
Q-001quadrans

014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5289, AR-Tetradrachm, ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑ, -/LiB//--, Bust of Alexandria right, #2014p Nero (54-68 A.D.), Egypt, Alexandria, RPC I 5289, AR-Tetradrachm, ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑ, -/LiB//--, Bust of Alexandria right, #2
avers: ΝΕΡΩ ΚΛΑV ΚΑΙΣ ΣΕΒ ΓΕΡ, Radiate bust of Nero with aegis, right.
reverse: ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑ, Bust of Alexandria with elephant headdress, right.
exergue: -/LiB//--, diameter: 22,0-23,5mm, weight: 13,37g, axis: 1h,
mint: City: Alexandria, Region: Egypt, Province: Egypt,
date: Dated year (LiB) 12 = 65-66 A.D.,
ref:
RPC I 5289,
Emmet -,
Milne -,
Geissen 0172-0174,
Dattari 0204,
Kampmann-Ganschow 014.88,
Q-002quadrans

02 - Antoninus Pius - Tetradrachm - Dikaiosyne Emperor Antoninus Pius (138 - 161 AD) - silver/billon Tetradrachm.
Alexandria, Egypt.

obv: Laureate bust right.

rev: Dikaiosyne seated left holding scales of justice and cornucopiae.

Weight: 13.4 grams.1 commentsrexesq

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