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Antiochos VIII Epiphanes, Sole reign, 121/0-97/6 B.C. AR Tetradrachm (28mm, 16.32g). Damascus, S.E. 197 (116/5 B.C.).Antiochos VIII Epiphanes, Sole reign, 121/0-97/6 B.C. AR Tetradrachm (28mm, 16.32g). Damascus, S.E. 197 (116/5 B.C.). Diademed head of Antiochos VIII right; fillet border. Rv. Zeus Uranios standing left, draped, holding star and scepter; in outer left field, two monograms; in exergue, date (ZPP); laurel wreath border. SC 2323.5a. LSM 101. Ex Coin Galleries 11-8-2000, lot 129. Ex Eukratides 2021.
Photo Credits: EukratidesJustin W
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(0138) ANTONINUS PIUS138-161 AD
Æ 23 mm, 10.53 g,
O: Laureate and draped bust right
R: Tyche seated left on rocks, extending right hand and holding cornucopia; conch shell(?) to right; below, river-god Chrysoroas swimming left.
SYRIA, Coele-Syria. Damascus laney
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(0177) COMMODUS177 - 192 AD
AE 17 X 18 mm; 3.70 g
O: Laureate bearded head right
R: River god Chrysoroas reclining right, holding cornucopia and grain ears; XPYCO_ beneath
Damascus, Coele-Syria; cf Lindren III 1256laney
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066 - Caracalla Tetradrachm - Damascus - Prieur 1209Obv:- ΑΥΤ ΚAI AN-ΤΩΝΙΝΟC CΕ, Laureate draped and cuirassed bust right seen from the rear
Rev:- ∆ΗΜΑΡΧ ΕΞ ΥΠΑΤΟCΤΟ ∆, Eagle standing facing, head left, wings open, wreath in beak, ram's head left between legs
Minted in Damascus (Syria). A.D. 215-217 (Prieur)
Reference:- Prieur 1209 (5 examples cited)maridvnvm
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1. Aretas III 87-62 BCMint: Damascus
Ref: Meshorer Nabataean Coins,type 1
OBV: Helmeted head of Athena facing right.
REV: Nike standing left, holding wreath.
Size: AE15 mm
Brian L
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1701a, Saladin, 1169-1193AYYUBID: Saladin, 1169-1193, AR dirham (2.92g), Halab, AH580, A-788, lovely struck, well-centered & bold, Extremely Fine, Scarce.
His name in Arabic, in full, is SALAH AD-DIN YUSUF IBN AYYUB ("Righteousness of the Faith, Joseph, Son of Job"), also called AL-MALIK AN-NASIR SALAH AD-DIN YUSUF I (b. 1137/38, Tikrit, Mesopotamia--d. March 4, 1193, Damascus), Muslim sultan of Egypt, Syria, Yemen, and Palestine, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, and the most famous of Muslim heroes.
In wars against the Christian crusaders, he achieved final success with the disciplined capture of Jerusalem (Oct. 2, 1187), ending its 88-year occupation by the Franks. The great Christian counterattack of the Third Crusade was then stalemated by Saladin's military genius.
Saladin was born into a prominent Kurdish family. On the night of his birth, his father, Najm ad-Din Ayyub, gathered his family and moved to Aleppo, there entering the service of 'Imad ad-Din Zangi ibn Aq Sonqur, the powerful Turkish governor in northern Syria. Growing up in Ba'lbek and Damascus, Saladin was apparently an undistinguished youth, with a greater taste for religious studies than military training.
His formal career began when he joined the staff of his uncle Asad ad-Din Shirkuh, an important military commander under the amir Nureddin, son and successor of Zangi. During three military expeditions led by Shirkuh into Egypt to prevent its falling to the Latin-Christian (Frankish) rulers of the states established by the First Crusade, a complex, three-way struggle developed between Amalric I, the Latin king of Jerusalem, Shawar, the powerful vizier of the Egyptian Fatimid caliph, and Shirkuh. After Shirkuh's death and after ordering Shawar's assassination, Saladin, in 1169 at the age of 31, was appointed both commander of the Syrian troops and vizier of Egypt.
His relatively quick rise to power must be attributed not only to the clannish nepotism of his Kurdish family but also to his own emerging talents. As vizier of Egypt, he received the title king (malik), although he was generally known as the sultan. Saladin's position was further enhanced when, in 1171, he abolished the Shi'i Fatimid caliphate, proclaimed a return to Sunnah in Egypt, and consequently became its sole ruler.
Although he remained for a time theoretically a vassal of Nureddin, that relationship ended with the Syrian emir's death in 1174. Using his rich agricultural possessions in Egypt as a financial base, Saladin soon moved into Syria with a small but strictly disciplined army to claim the regency on behalf of the young son of his former suzerain.
Soon, however, he abandoned this claim, and from 1174 until 1186 he zealously pursued a goal of uniting, under his own standard, all the Muslim territories of Syria, northern Mesopotamia, Palestine, and Egypt.
This he accomplished by skillful diplomacy backed when necessary by the swift and resolute use of military force. Gradually, his reputation grew as a generous and virtuous but firm ruler, devoid of pretense, licentiousness, and cruelty. In contrast to the bitter dissension and intense rivalry that had up to then hampered the Muslims in their resistance to the crusaders, Saladin's singleness of purpose induced them to rearm both physically and spiritually.
Saladin's every act was inspired by an intense and unwavering devotion to the idea of jihad ("holy war")-the Muslim equivalent of the Christian crusade. It was an essential part of his policy to encourage the growth and spread of Muslim religious institutions.
He courted its scholars and preachers, founded colleges and mosques for their use, and commissioned them to write edifying works especially on the jihad itself. Through moral regeneration, which was a genuine part of his own way of life, he tried to re-create in his own realm some of the same zeal and enthusiasm that had proved so valuable to the first generations of Muslims when, five centuries before, they had conquered half the known world.
Saladin also succeeded in turning the military balance of power in his favour-more by uniting and disciplining a great number of unruly forces than by employing new or improved military techniques. When at last, in 1187, he was able to throw his full strength into the struggle with the Latin crusader kingdoms, his armies were their equals. On July 4, 1187, aided by his own military good sense and by a phenomenal lack of it on the part of his enemy, Saladin trapped and destroyed in one blow an exhausted and thirst-crazed army of crusaders at Hattin, near Tiberias in northern Palestine.
So great were the losses in the ranks of the crusaders in this one battle that the Muslims were quickly able to overrun nearly the entire Kingdom of Jerusalem. Acre, Toron, Beirut, Sidon, Nazareth, Caesarea, Nabulus, Jaffa (Yafo), and Ascalon (Ashqelon) fell within three months.
But Saladin's crowning achievement and the most disastrous blow to the whole crusading movement came on Oct. 2, 1187, when Jerusalem, holy to both Muslim and Christian alike, surrendered to the Sultan's army after 88 years in the hands of the Franks. In stark contrast to the city's conquest by the Christians, when blood flowed freely during the barbaric slaughter of its inhabitants, the Muslim reconquest was marked by the civilized and courteous behaviour of Saladin and his troops. His sudden success, which in 1189 saw the crusaders reduced to the occupation of only three cities, was, however, marred by his failure to capture Tyre, an almost impregnable coastal fortress to which the scattered Christian survivors of the recent battles flocked. It was to be the rallying point of the Latin counterattack.
Most probably, Saladin did not anticipate the European reaction to his capture of Jerusalem, an event that deeply shocked the West and to which it responded with a new call for a crusade. In addition to many great nobles and famous knights, this crusade, the third, brought the kings of three countries into the struggle.
The magnitude of the Christian effort and the lasting impression it made on contemporaries gave the name of Saladin, as their gallant and chivalrous enemy, an added lustre that his military victories alone could never confer on him.
The Crusade itself was long and exhausting, and, despite the obvious, though at times impulsive, military genius of Richard I the Lion-Heart, it achieved almost nothing. Therein lies the greatest-but often unrecognized--achievement of Saladin. With tired and unwilling feudal levies, committed to fight only a limited season each year, his indomitable will enabled him to fight the greatest champions of Christendom to a draw. The crusaders retained little more than a precarious foothold on the Levantine coast, and when King Richard set sail from the Orient in October 1192, the battle was over.
Saladin withdrew to his capital at Damascus. Soon, the long campaigning seasons and the endless hours in the saddle caught up with him, and he died. While his relatives were already scrambling for pieces of the empire, his friends found that the most powerful and most generous ruler in the Muslim world had not left enough money to pay for his own grave.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
H.A.R. Gibb, "The Arabic Sources for the Life of Saladin," Speculum, 25:58-72 (1950). C.W. Wilson's English translation of one of the most important Arabic works, The Life of Saladin (1897), was reprinted in 1971. The best biography to date is Stanley Lane-Poole, Saladin and the Fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, new ed. (1926, reprinted 1964), although it does not take account of all the sources.Cleisthenes
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4100 ARABIA, Petra. Hadrian TycheReference.
RPC III, 4100; Spijkerman 3; SNG ANS 1360-3 var. (bust type)
Issue Petra metropolis
Obv. ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΩΡ ΚΑΙСΑΡ ΤΡΑΙΑΝΟС ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟϹ СƐΒΑϹΤΟС
Laureate and draped bust of Hadrian (seen from rear), r.
Rev. ΠƐΤΡΑ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΙС
Turreted and veiled Tyche seated l. on rock, l., her r. hand extended, holding trophy in l.
13.35 gr
26 mm
6h
Note.
The Decapolis ("Ten Cities"; Greek: deka, ten; polis, city) was a group of ten cities on the eastern frontier of the Roman Empire in Jordan, Israel and Syria. The ten cities were not an official league or political unit, but they were grouped together because of their language, culture, location, and political status, with each possessing a certain degree of autonomy and self-rule. The Decapolis cities were centers of Greek and Roman culture in a region that was otherwise Semitic (Nabatean, Aramean, and Jewish). With the exception of Damascus, Hippos and Scythopolis, the "Region of the Decapolis" was located in modern-day Jordan.
Petra (GreekΠέτρα, Petra, meaning "stone"; okidoki
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Al-Nasir Yusuf II., AH 634-658 / AD 1236-1259 Dirham, Damascus20,5 mm, 2,93 gCanaan
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Alexander II Zabinas. Zeus Nikephoros Tetradrachm of Damascus.Seleukids. Alexander II Zabinas. 128‑122 BC. AR Tetradrachm (16.36ᵍᵐ 26.5ᵐᵐ 12ʰ) 123/2 BC of Damascus. Diademed head of Alexander II right. / Zeus Nikephoros enthroned left, holding Nike & sceptre. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ | ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ. ׀ΔP monogram to left. ׀Δ̮ under throne, ꟼP (SE 190) in ex. gVF. Bt. CNG EA 550 #239. From the St. George Collection. Ex CNG EA 198 (5 Nov. 2008) #123. Iossif & Gerritsen RBN vol.167 #98 (A14/P61, this coin); SC 2248.6b pl.44 (same obv. die); ACNAC Houghton 846 (same); HGC 9 #1149g; Newell LSM 85 (pl.10).Anaximander
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Alexander III the Great Lifetime Issue AR Tetradrachm Damascus Mint KINGS of MACEDON.
Alexander III ‘the Great’. 336-323 BC.
AR Tetradrachm , Damascus mint. Struck under Menon or Menes, circa 330-323 BC.
Obverse : Head of Herakles right, wearing lion skin.
Reverse : Zeus Aëtophoros seated left; AP (monogram)X in left field; below throne, four pellets between struts, ΔA below. Price 3200. Iridescent tone, some marks. Near VF.
26.5 MM W: 16.98 Gr Die Axis : 12h.
The Sam Mansourati Collection.Sam
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Alexander III the Great Lifetime Issue AR Tetradrachm Damascus MintKINGS of MACEDON.
Alexander III ‘the Great’. 336-323 BC.
AR Tetradrachm , Damascus mint. Struck under Menon or Menes, circa 330-323 BC.
Obverse : Head of Herakles right, wearing lion skin.
Reverse : Zeus Aëtophoros seated left; AP (monogram)X in left field; below throne, four pellets between struts, ΔA below. Price 3200. Iridescent tone, some marks. Near VF.
26.5 MM W: 16.98 Gr Die Axis : 12h.
The Sam Mansourati Collection.Sam
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Antiochos III Megas. Apollo Delphios Tetradrachm of Damascus "Wreath" mint.Seleukids. Antiochos III. 223-187 BC. AR Tetradrachm (17.06 gm, 28.2mm, 12h) "Damascus" ∆Ι mint of S or SE Syria. Diademed head of Antiochos III right, middle-aged & without horn. / Apollo Delphios seated left. on omphalos, holding arrow, arm resting on grounded bow. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ ex.: ΔI. EF. Bt. Louis di Lauro, Coral Gables, 2000. SC I #1112 (type D); HGC 9 #447y; Houghton CSE I #1172-1173 (Media); Newell ESM 608 (Ekbatana, Series III, Plate XLV #4-8); SNG Spaer 773-774 (Ekbatana).Anaximander
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Antiochos VIIISeleucid Kingdom, Antiochos VIII 121-96 BC, Tetradrachm, 15.64g: Obv: Diademed head of Antiochos VIII right Rev: Zeus standing left holding a star and leaning on a staff, two monograms to left, "Eqp" in exergue "BASILEWS ANTIOXOY EPIFANOYS" all within a wreath. Porous, EQP = year 195 = 118/7 BC, Damascus mint, SC 2322.5ecoli
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Antiochos VIII Grypos. Zeus Uranios Tetradrachm of Damascus.Seleukids. Antiochos VIII. 121-96 BC. AR Tetradrachm (16.55 gm, 29.4mm, 1h), Damascus, 119 BC. Diademed head of Antiochos VIII right. / Zeus Uranios stdg left, nude, crescent overhead, holding star & sceptre. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ | ΣΠΙΘΑΝΟΥΣ. ⟑Ρ over ΕΣ to left. ex: ΔꟼΡ (SE 194). nEF. Bt. Dr. Brad Bowlin (Eukratides) 2002. SC 2322.3a (obv. die link to SC 2322.2 & 2322.4-5); HGC 9 #1196e; BnF Gallica Y608 (same dies); DCA 266; Newell LSM 93 (same obv. die); ACNAC Norman Davis 277 (same). cf. Houghton CSE I #851 (same obv die); SNG Spaer 2648 (same).Anaximander
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Antiochos XII 87-84 BCAntiochus XII 87–86/5 BC, Damascus mint Ae 22mm, Weight 7.1g. Obv: Beardless diademed bust of Antiochus XII right. Rev: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΦΙΛΟΠΑΤΟΡΟΣ ΚΑΛΛΙΝΙΚΟΥ – Tyche standing left with palm branch in right hand and cornucopia in left, dotted border. Reference: SC 2, 2476; SNG Israel I, Nos. 2900–2902. SPAER 2897
Antiochus XII Dionysus (Epiphanes/Philopator/Callinicus), a ruler of the Greek Seleucid kingdom who reigned 87–84 BC, was the fifth son of Antiochus VIII Grypus and Tryphaena to take up the diadem. He succeeded his brother Demetrius III Eucaerus as separatist ruler of the southern parts of the last remaining Seleucid realms, basically Damascus and its surroundings.
Antiochus initially gained support from Ptolemaic forces and was the last Seleucid ruler of any military reputation, even if it was on a local scale. He made several raids into the territories of the Jewish Hasmonean kings, and tried to check the rise of the Nabataean Arabs. A battle against the latter turned out to be initially successful, until the young king was caught in a melee and killed by an Arab soldier. Upon his death the Syrian army fled and mostly perished in the desert. Soon after, the Nabateans conquered Damascus.
Antiochus' titles - apart from Dionysos - mean respectively (God) Manifest, Father-loving and Beautiful Victor. The last Seleucid kings often used several epithets on their coins.ddwau
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Antiochos XII Dionysos. Hadad Tetradrachm of Damascus.Seleukids. Antiochos XII Dionysos. 87/6-83/2 BC. AR Tetradrachm (16.10 gm, 28.8mm, 12h) Damascus, c.84 BC. Bearded and diademed head right. / Cult statue of Hadad standing, facing, flanked by bull foreparts, holding grain stalk. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ ΕΠΙΘΑΝΟΥΣ | ΦΙΛΟΠΑΤΟΡΟΣ ΚΑΛΛΙΝΙΚΟΥ. ⳦ over ⩚Κ to left. Ex: ΦΚΣ (SE 229). gVF. Triton VI #467. "Extremely rare". SC 2472.2 (same dies) with obv. die link to 2472A; HGC 9 #1325; Houghton CSE II #817 (same dies); DCA 309; SNG Spaer - ; Newell LSM - .Anaximander
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Antiochus XII 87/6–84/3 B.C.Antiochus XII 87/6–84/3 B.C. Damascus mint 2nd issue Ae 20.7~21.1mm. 7.92g. Obv: Beardless diademed bust of Antiochus XII r., dotted border. Rev: ΒΑCΙΛΕΩC ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟV ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟVC ΦΙΛΟΠΑΤΟΡΟC ΚΑΛΛΙΝΙΚΟV – Tyche standing l. with palm branch in right hand and cornucopia in left, dotted border. Reference: SC 2, 2476; SNG Israel I, Nos. 2900–2902. SPAER 2897 ddwau
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Antoninus Pius, AD 138-161SYRIA, Damascus.
AE24, 24mm (12.48 gm).
AYTO KAI TIT AIΛ AΔPIA ANTωNEINOC CEB EYCEB, laureate head of Antoninus Pius right / ΔΑΜΑΣΚΗΝωΝ MHTPOΠOΛEωC, turreted and draped bust of Tyche left, cornucopiae to right.
RPC (online), 6285; SGI, 1498; BMC, 010; de Saulcy, 38, no. 2.
socalcoins
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Arab-Byzantine fals of Damascus (Syria)ΛЄΟ, Byzantine emperor standing facing holding long cross and globe with cross
ANO / X-II , large M, cross-shaped monogram above, ΔAM in exergueGinolerhino
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Aretas III, 87 - 62 B.C. Bronze AE 16, Meshorer 1Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas III, 87 - 62 B.C. Among the first Nabatean coins. After gaining Damascus, Aretas assumed the title Philhellenos to appease the Hellenistic population. He also adopted the Greek practice of striking coins. This coin is similar to Seleucid types that preceded it from the same mint. Bronze AE 16, Meshorer 1 (with crescent and L) or 1A (without crescent and L), aF, Damascus mint, 3.197g, 16.4mm, 0o, 84 - 71 B.C.; obverse head right with crested helmet, long hair as dotted lines; reverse , Nike standing left, uncertain object in left, wreath in right, crescent over “L” (=A) left (off flan?). Ex FORVM, photo credit FORVMPodiceps
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Aretas III, 87 - 62 B.C. Bronze AE 16, Meshorer 1Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas III, 87 - 62 B.C. Bronze AE 16, Meshorer 1 (with crescent and L) or 1A (without crescent and L), F, Damascus mint, 4.333g, 16.3mm, 0o, 84 - 71 B.C.; obverse head right with crested helmet, long hair as dotted lines; reverse , Nike standing left, uncertain object in left, wreath in right, crescent over “L” (=A) left (off flan?) Among the first Nabatean coins. After gaining Damascus, Aretas assumed the title Philhellenos to appease the Hellenistic population. He also adopted the Greek practice of striking coins. This coin is similar to Seleucid types that preceded it from the same mint. Ex FORVM, photo credit FORVMPodiceps
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Aretas III, 87 - 62 B.C. Bronze AE 16, Meshorer 2Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas III, 87 - 62 B.C. Bronze AE 16, Meshorer 2, aF, Damascus mint, 4.568g, 15.3mm, 0o, 84 - 71 B.C.; obverse head right with crested helmet, long hair as dotted lines; reverse , Nike standing left, uncertain object in left, wreath in right, crescent over “L” (=A) left. Meshorer 2 is described as, "Extremely careless style. Same as [Meshorer] No.1. Generally difficult to distinguish the details. Many of these coins are of a debased weight and struck on irregular flans." Ex FORVM, photo credit FORVMPodiceps
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Aretas III, 87 - 62 B.C. Bronze AE 16, Meshorer Nabataean 1ANabataean Kingdom, Aretas III, 87 - 62 B.C. Bronze AE 16, Meshorer Nabataean 1A (without crescent and L), F, Damascus mint, 3.176g, 14.7mm, 0o, 84 - 71 B.C.; obverse head right with crested helmet, long hair as dotted lines; reverse , Nike standing left, uncertain object in left, wreath in right, crescent over Λ (=A) left. Ex FORVM, photo credit FORVMPodiceps
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Aretas IV, 9 B.C. - 40 A.D., Fouree silver plated drachmNabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV, 9 B.C. - 40 A.D., Ancient Counterfeit. Fouree silver plated drachm, cf. Meshorer Nabataean 99 - 111, BMC Arabia 11 - 12, and SGICV 5695 - 6 (official, Petra mint, 20 - 40 A.D.), F, illegal mint, 3.364g, 13.8mm, 45o, after 20 A.D.; obverse Aramaic, 'Aretas, king of the Nabataeans, lover of his people', laureate and draped bust of Aretas right; reverse Aramaic, 'Shuqailat, queen of the Nabataeans, year ?' (date off flan), jugate busts of Aretas and Shuqailat right. Aretas IV was the greatest of the Nabataean kings, ruling S. Palestine, most of Trans-Jordan, N. Arabia, and Damascus. Little is known of him because Nabataeans did not keep records. Paul mentions Aretas in connection with his visit to Damascus (2 Corinthians 11:32). Ex FORVMPodiceps
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Augustus from Damascus, 6.695g, 19.3mm, 0°Augustus from Damascus, RPC 4795
(no legend) bare head right
ΔΑΜΑCΚΗΝΩΝ L ΕΚΤ (year 325=AD 13/14), head of Tyche right, all within wreath
the year may be differentareich
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Ayyubid Dynasty. Al-Adil Abu Bakr I (Al-Adil Saif al-Din Abu-Bakr Ahmed ibn Najm ad-Din Ayyub) (592-615 A.H. = 1196-1218 A.D.)Album 803 (variant without central annulets)
AR dirham, 2.78 g., 21.14 mm. max, 0°. Struck at the Dimashq mint (Damascus), in 598-608 A.H. (= 1201-1211 A.D.).
Obv: Imam (= the religious leader) al-Nasir / li-Din Allah amir (= commander), on middle two lines; al-mu' / minin (= of the faithful), above and below, fleur at bottom, all within double intertwined trefoil.
Rev: al-malik (= the king) al-'Adil / Abu Bakr ibn Ayyub, on middle two lines; al-din / saif (= sword of the faith), above and below, fleur at bottom, all within double intertwined trefoil.
As is typical with this type, the marginal legends (kalima / mint and date) are off the flan.
The obverse legend cites to the Abbasid Caliph, al-Nasir li-Din Allah (575/6-622 A.H. = 1180-1225 A.D.). The reverse legend cites to the Sultan of Egypt and Syria, al-Adil Saif al-Din Abu Bakr ibn Ayyub, who was the brother of Saladin. From his honorific title Saif al-Din ("Sword of Faith"), he was known to the Crusaders as Saphadin.Stkp
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BCC GR11 Seleucid Kingdom Demetrius III DamascusGreek Seleucid Kingdom
Demetrius III Philopater 96-87 BCE
Damascus Mint Denomination D (half)
Obv: Diademed head of Demetrius right, bearded?
Rev: BAΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΔHMHTPIOV ΘEOV
ΦIΛOΠATOPOΣ ΣΩTHPOΣ Tripod
Monogram A in right field.
date:SIΣ= a.s.216 (97/96 BCE)
15mm. 2.82gm. Axis:0
HGC9 #1314 SC II 2457v.? (monogram right field)
Surface find, Caesarea Maritima, 1974.v-drome
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BCC GR12 Seleucid Kingdom Demetrius III Hermes DamascusGreek Seleucid Kingdom
Demetrius III Philopater 96-87 BCE
Damascus Mint Denomination C
Obv: Radiate and diademed head of
Demetrius right, bearded.
Rev: BAΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΔHMHTPIOV ΘEOV
ΦIΛOΠATOPOΣ ΣΩTHPOΣ Hermes
standing left on square basis, holding
palm and caduceus. Struck 91-87 BCE
18.5mm. 3.86gm. Axis:0
HGC9 #1312 SC II 2456.2 (N over Θ left field)
Surface find, Caesarea Maritima, 1972.v-drome
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BCC GR4 Seleucid Kingdom Demetrius III EucaerusSeleucid Kingdom
Demetrius III Eucaerus 96-87 BCE
Obv: Diademed head of
Demetrius right, with short beard.
Rev:ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΥ ΘΕΟΥ
ΦΙΛΟΠΑΤΟPΟΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ
Hermes standing left holding palm
and kerykeion. Date:ZIΣ?= a.s.217 (96/95 BCE)
below, and uncertain monogram to left.
AE17mm. 4.14gm. Axis: 0
SC 2455 Damascus mint
Surface find Caesarea Maritima, 1978v-drome
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BCC IS11 Umayyad Fals Damascus
ISLAMIC, Umayyad Caliphate - AE Fals
Anonymous of Dimashq (Damascus)
Undated (ca. 86 AH = 705 CE)
Obv: لا اله الا الله وحده "La ilaha illa Allah, wahdah"
No god but Allah, only Him, within double circle
Rev: محمد رسول الله "Mohammed rasul Allah",
Mohammed is the prophet of God. Three lines
within circular inscription:
بسم الله ضرب هذا فلس دمشق
"bism Allah zurab hdha fals dimashq"
In the name of Allah, minted this Fals Damascus
24mm. 3.94gm. Axis:0
Reference: Album 174
Surface find Caesarea Maritima, 1971
J. Berlin Caesarea Collectionv-drome
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Bilingual coinage Caliphate of Mu´awiya 660-680 CEObverse: Standing imperial figure holding long cross and globus cruciger
Reverse: Large M, cross above, three reverse C's to r., ex حمن
Mint; Syria possibly Damascuswileyc
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Byzantine Empire: Islamic, Pseudo-Byzantine coinage. Æ Fals Imitating Constans II.Damascus Circa AD 647-670. A.D.
Obv: Imperial figure standing facing, holding long cross and globus crucifer; degraded legend around.
Rev: Large m; degraded legend around.
Ref: PSS Class IVb; Album 3504 v m.
Provenance: Chris Scarlioli Collection.Christian Scarlioli
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Caliphate of Mu’awiyaMu'awiya (660 – 680 CE). Bilingual series, mint of Damascus. Fals, weight 4.29g, diameter 22mm.
Obverse: Emperor standing, crowned, holding long cross and globus cruciger; to left stylised bird (falcon?) on T-shaped perch; to right downwards ΔΑΜΑCKΟC
Reverse: Large M with rho-cross above; below ∩ over line; to right downwards ḍarb; in exergue dimashq; to left downwards jā'iz ("legal issue of Damascus")
References: Foss p.46 (type C) and Goodwin [2005], p.37 (number 22).
Abu Galyon
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![Arab_Bilingual_Damascus_[2].jpg](albums/userpics/24418/thumb_Arab_Bilingual_Damascus_%5B2%5D.jpg "Filename=Arab_Bilingual_Damascus_[2].jpg
Filesize=223KiB
Dimensions=1920x936
Date added=Oct 17, 2014")
Caliphate of Mu’awiyaMu'awiya (660 – 680 CE). Bilingual series, mint of Damascus. Fals, weight 5.31g, diameter 19mm.
Obverse: Emperor standing, crowned, holding long cross and globus cruciger; to left stylised bird (falcon?) on T-shaped perch; to right downwards ΔΑΜΑCKΟC
Reverse: Large M with rho-cross above; below ∩ over line; to right downwards ḍarb; in exergue dimashq; to left downwards jā'iz ("legal issue of Damascus")
References: Foss p.46 (type C) and Goodwin [2005], p.37 (number 22).
Abu Galyon
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![Arab_Bilingual_DAMACKOC_[3].jpg](albums/userpics/24418/thumb_Arab_Bilingual_DAMACKOC_%5B3%5D.jpg "Filename=Arab_Bilingual_DAMACKOC_[3].jpg
Filesize=256KiB
Dimensions=1920x927
Date added=Oct 12, 2015")
Caliphate of Mu’awiyaMu’awiya (660 – 680 CE). Bilingual series, mint of Damascus. Fals, weight 3.58g, diameter 20mm.
Obverse: Emperor standing, crowned, holding long cross and globus cruciger; to left stylised bird (falcon?) on T-shaped perch; to right downwards ΔΑΜΑCKΟC
Reverse: Large M with rho-cross above; below ∩ over line; to right downwards ḍarb; in exergue dimashq; to left downwards jā'iz (“legal issue of Damascus”)
References: Foss p.46 (type C) and Goodwin [2005], p.37 (number 22).
Abu Galyon
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Caliphate of Mu’awiyaMu'awiya (660 – 680 CE). Fals, mint of Damascus, weight 3.89g, diameter 20mm.
Obverse: Emperor standing, holding long cross and globus cruciger; to left stylised palm leaf over T; to right downwards [ΛΕ]Ο.
Reverse: Large M with monogram 25 above; below ∩ over line; to left downwards A N O ; to right downwards X T[rotated 90°] I I ; in exergue [Δ]ΑΜ\
References: Foss p.45 and catalogue numbers 46-51 (p.132). Foss inserts this type into the ‘bilingual series’, which may be right in terms of style and chronology, but actually there are no Arabic epigraphic elements.
Abu Galyon
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Caracalla - DamascusAR tetradrachm
215-217 AD
laureate head right
AVT KAI__ANTWNEINOC C_E_B
eagle facing, head left, wreath in beak, ram's head below
ΔHMAPX_·EΞ VΠATOC TO Δ
Prieur 1204
13,8g 25mm
ex DionysosJ. B.
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Carrhae in Mesopotamia, Septimius Severus, AE 24, Lindgren 2557Carrhae in Mesopotamia, Septimius Severus, AE 24, 193-211 AD
Av.: CEΠTIMIOC [CE]OY.... , naked (laureate?) bust of Septimius Severus right
Rv.: ..Λ]OY KAPPH ΛKA... , front view of a tetrastyle temple, the temple of the moon god Sin, in the middle a sacred stone on tripod, on top of stone: crescent, standards (with crescents on top) on both sides inside the building; another crescent in the pediment.
Lindgren 2557 ; BMC p. 82, #4
The city and the region played an important role in roman history.
Carrhae / Harran, (Akkadian Harrânu, "intersecting roads"; Latin Carrhae), an ancient city of strategic importance, an important town in northern Mesopotamia, famous for its temple of the moon god Sin, is now nothing more than a village in southeastern Turkey with an archeological site.
In the Bible it is mentioned as one of the towns where Abraham stayed on his voyage from Ur to the promised land. Abraham's family settled there when they left Ur of the Chaldeans (Genesis 11:31-32).
Inscriptions indicate that Harran existed as early as 2000 B.C. In its prime, it controlled the point where the road from Damascus joins the highway between Nineveh and Carchemish. This location gave Harran strategic value from an early date. It is frequently mentioned in Assyrian inscriptions about 1100 BC, under the name Harranu, or "Road" (Akkadian harrānu, 'road, path, journey' ).
During the fall of the Assyrian Empire, Harran became the stronghold of its lasts king, Ashur-uballit II, being besiged and conquered by Nabopolassar of Babylon at 609 BC. Harran became part of Median Empire after the fall of Assyria, and subsequently passed to the Persian Achaemenid dynasty.
The city remained Persian untill in 331 BC when the soldiers of the Macedonian king Alexander the Great entered the city.
After the death of Alexander on 11 June 323 BC, the city was claimed by his successors: Perdiccas, Antigonus Monophthalmus and Eumenes. These visited the city, but eventually, it became part of the Asian kingdom of Seleucos I (Nicator), the Seleucid empire, and capital of a province called Osrhoene (the Greek term for the old name Urhai).
The Seleucids settled Macedonian veterans at Harran. For a century-and-a-half, the town flourished, and it became independent when the Parthian dynasty of Persia occupied Babylonia. The Parthian and Seleucid kings both needed the buffer state of Osrhoene which was part of the larger Parthian empire and had nearby Edessa as its capital. The dynasty of the Arabian Abgarides, technically a vassal of the Parthian "king of kings" ruled Osrhoene for centuries.
Carrhae was the scene of a disastrous defeat of the Roman general Crassus by the Parthians. In 53 BC. Crassus, leading an army of 50.000, conducted a campaign against Parthia. After he captured a few cities on the way, he hurried to cross the Euphrates River with hopes of receiving laurels and the title of “Emperor”. But as he drove his forces over Rakkan towards Harran, Parthian cavalry besieged his forces in a pincers movement. In the ensuing battle, the Roman army was defeated and decimated. The battle of Carrhae was the beginning of a series of border wars with Parthia for many centuries. Numismatic evidence for these wars or the corresponding peace are for instance the "Signis Receptis" issues of Augustus and the “Janum Clusit” issues of Nero.
Later Lucius Verus tried to conquer Osrhoene and initially was successful. But an epidemic made an annexation impossible. However, a victory monument was erected in Ephesus, and Carrhae/Harran is shown as one of the subject towns.
Septimius Severus finally added Osrhoene to his realms in 195. The typical conic domed houses of ancient Harran can be seen on the Arch of Septimius Severus on the Forum Romanum.
Harran was the chief home of the moon-god Sin, whose temple was rebuilt by several kings. Sin was one of the great gods of the Assurian-Babylonian pantheon.
Caracalla gave Harran the status of a colonia (214 AD) and visited the city and the temple of the moon god in April 217. Meanwhile the moon god (and sacred stones) had become a part of the Roman pantheon and the temple a place to deify the roman emperors (as the standards on both sides of the temple indicate).
Caracalla was murdered while he was on his way from Temple to the palace. If this had been arranged by Macrinus - the prefect of the Praetorian guard who was to be the new emperor – is not quite clear. On the eighth of April, the emperor and his courtiers made a brief trip to the world famous temple of the moon god. When Caracalla halted to perform natural functions, he was assassinated by one of his bodyguards, Julius Martialis, who had a private grudge against the ruler, because he had not been given the post of centurion.
In 296 AD Roman control was again interrupted when nearby Carrhae the emperor Galerius was defeated by the king Narses / the Sasanid dynasty of Persia. The Roman emperor Julianus Apostata sacrificed to the moon god in 363 AD, at the beginning of his ill-fated campaign against the Sassanid Persians. The region continued to be a battle zone between the Romans and Sassanids. It remained Roman (or Byzantine) until 639, when the city finally was captured by the Muslim armies.
At that time, the cult of Sin still existed. After the arrival of the Islam, the adherents of other religions probably went to live in the marshes of the lower Tigris and Euphrates, and are still known as Mandaeans.
The ancient city walls surrounding Harran, 4 kilometer long and 3 kilometer wide, have been repaired throughout the ages (a.o. by the Byzantine emperor Justinian in the sixth century), and large parts are still standing. The position of no less than 187 towers has been identified. Of the six gates (Aleppo gate, Anatolian, Arslanli, Mosul, Baghdad, and Rakka gate), only the first one has remained.
A citadel was built in the 14th century in place of the Temple of Sin. This lies in the south-west quarter of the ancient town. Its ruin can still be visited.
my ancient coin database
Arminius
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Cleopatra Thea & Antiochos VIII. Zeus Nikephoros Tetradrachm of Damascus.Seleukids. Cleopatra Thea & Antiochos VIII. 125-121 BC. AR Tetradrachm (16.53 gm, 28.1mm, 1h) Damascus, 121 BC. Jugate diademed busts right. / Zeus Nikephoros enthroned left, holding Nike & sceptre. ΒΑΣΙΛΙΣΣΗΣ ΚΛΕΟΠΑΤΡΑΣ ΘΕΑΣ | ΚΑΙ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ. ѦΡ to left, ѦΡ below throne, and ΒꟼΡ (SE 192) in ex. VF. CNG 51 #544. Ex-Russel Bement Jr. Coll. Same obv. die: SC 2267.2a; ACNAC Dewing #2628; Newell LSM 87 = ANS Mantis 1944.100.75457; BnF De Clercq 231; BMC 3; DCA 253. HGC 9 #1182e; SNG Spaer 2491. cf. Houghton CSE I #848 (same obv. die, ѦΙ under throne).Anaximander
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Coele-Syria. Damascus; COL Δ AMASMETRO around wreath, within which CEBA/CMIA; ram's head below. AE 25Trebonianus Gallus. SYRIA, Coele-Syria. Damascus. A.D. 251-253. Æ 25mm (8.6g). Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / COL Δ AMASMETRO around wreath, within which CEBA/CMIA; ram's head below. The Olympia Sebasmia were local games celebrated as part of the Imperial cult.Podiceps
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COELESYRIA, Damascus. Philip I.COELESYRIA, Damascus. Philip I. AD 244-249. Æ. Laureate and cuirassed bust left / River-god Chrysoroas seated left, leaning on overturned urn, holding two grain ears and cornucopia. De Saulcy 12; Rosenberger 32.ecoli
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DamascusAE 23 mm
Damascus in Coele-Syria
Agonistic table with prize urn
Rosenberger (Eastern Palestine) 33, 63 mauseus
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damascus001Elagabalus
Damascus, Coele-Syria
Obv: Laureate draped and cuirassed bust right, seen from front.
Rev: ΔAMACKOΥ IεΡAC KAIεNΔO[COΥ] outside wreath, CEBA/CMIA in two lines within wreath..
28 mm, 14.98 gms
Rosenberger 29, Lindgren-Kovacs 2144, BMC21Charles M
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damascus001_2Elagabalus
Damascus, Coele-Syria
Obv: Laureate draped and cuirassed bust right, seen from front.
Rev: [ΔAMACKOΥ] IεΡAC KAIεNΔOCOΥ outside wreath, CEBA/CMIA in two lines within wreath..
28 mm, 14.00 gms
Rosenberger 29, Lindgren-Kovacs 2144, BMC21Charles M
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damascus002Elagabalus
Damascus, Coele-Syria
Obv: Laureate draped and cuirassed bust right, seen from front.
Rev: ΔAMA[CKOΥ IεΡAC KAIεNΔOCOΥ] outside wreath, CEBA/CMIA in two lines within wreath..
23 mm, 8.38 gms
Rosenberger 29, Lindgren-Kovacs 2144, BMC21Charles M
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damascus002_2Elagabalus
Damascus, Coele-Syria
Obv: Laureate draped and cuirassed bust right, seen from front.
Rev: [ΔAMACKOΥ IεΡAC KAIεNΔOCOΥ] outside wreath, CEBA/CMIA in two lines within wreath..
23 mm, 9.18 gms
Rosenberger 29, Lindgren-Kovacs 2144, BMC21Charles M
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Demetrios II Nikator. 2nd reign. Zeus Nikephoros Tetradrachm of Damascus.Seleukids. Demetrios II Nikator, 2nd reign. 129-125 BC. AR Tetradrachm (16.12 gm, 30.3mm, 12h) of Damascus, 129-128/7 BC. Diademed, horned, and bearded head right. / Zeus Nikephoros enthroned left, holding Nike & sceptre. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΥ | [ΘΕΟΥ] ΝΙΚΑΤΟΡΟΣ, ΞΔ below throne. ex: [ΕΠ]Ρ (SE 185). VF. Bt. Louis di Lauro, 1999. SC 2181.3b; HGC 9 #1116d; DCA 223; Newell LSM 70; Gorny & Mosch Sale 237 #1502 (same dies); Naville Sale X #1344; Hirsch Sale XVI #1449; McClean III #9930. cf. SNG Spaer 2266 var (ΔΠΡ); Houghton CSE I #838, CSE II #668d (same).Anaximander
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Demetrios III c. 96 - 87 B.C.Demetrios III c. 96 - 87 B.C. Damascus mint, Ae 18mm, Weight 4.11g. Obv: Diademed head of Demetrios III right. Rev: BAΣIΛEOΣ ΔHMHTΡIOΥ ΘEOΥ ΦIΛOΠATOΡOΣ ΣΩTHΡOΣ, naked Hermes standing left, palm branch in right, kerykeion in left, two monograms outer left. SNG Spaer 2871 - 79ddwau
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Demetrios III Eukairos. Atargatis Tetradrachm of Damascus.Seleukids. Demetrios III. 95-88 BC. AR Tetradrachm (15.65 gm, 32.7mm, 12h) Damascus, c. 90 BC Bearded and diademed head right. / Cult statue of Atargatis, dressed in leaves, holding flower, grain stalks rising from shoulders, & dangling fillets. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΥ ΘΕΟΥ | ΦΙΛΟΠΑΤΟΡΟΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ. Ν over Ě monogram to l. ex: ΒΚΣ (date SE 222). gVF. CNG Triton VI #466. SC 2451.6 w/ obv die-link to Demetrios III Eukairos 2451.7-9 (this coin cited); DCA 304; HGC 9 #1305. cf. SNG Spaer 2866 (Year ΔΚΣ); Newell LSM 127corr. (ΝĚ not ΑΕ); Houghton 861 (ΝĚ not ΝΑ).Anaximander
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Demetrius III 97/6 - 88/7 B.C.Demetrius III Eukairos. 97/6 - 88/7 B.C. Ae 16.6~18.2mm. 4.14g. Damascus mint. Obv: Diademed and radiate head of Demetrius r., curly beard, diadem ends falling straight behind, dotted border. Rev: BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΔHMHTPIOY ΘEOY / BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΔHMHTPIOY ΘEOY / ΦIΛOΠATOPOΣ CΩTHPOC, Hermes standing left on square basis, holding palm frond and caduceus, dotted border, to outer left, [N]. SC 2456.; HGC 9, 1312. .
ddwau
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Demetrius III Eucaerus 97/6 - 88/7 B.C. (92/1 B.C.)Demetrius III Eucaerus 97/6 - 88/7 B.C. Ar 26.8~28.8mm. 16.07g. Tetradrachm. Damascus mint. Obv: Diademed head of Demetrius III right with thick curly beard, diadem ends falling straight behind, fillet border. Rev: ΒACΙΛEΩC ΔHMHTPIOV ΘEOV / ΦIΛOΠΛTOPOC CΩTHPOC, Cult image of Atargatis standing facing with arms extended, holding flower, barley stalk rising from each shoulder; laurel wreath border. Controls: to outer left, N above A; Date in ex AKΣ (S.E. 221 = 92/1 B.C.) SC 2451.4: SNG Spaer 2862. ddwau
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Elagabalus, Damascus SYRIA, Coele-Syria. Damascus. Elagabalus. AD 218-222. Æ Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind / CЄBA/CMIA in two lines within wreath. SNG München 1018 var. (bust seen from front); Lindgren II 2144 var. (same).ecoli
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GREEK, Macedonian Kingdom, Alexander the Great, Tetradrachmtetradrachm / damascus mint
25mm
16.76gr
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HARBOUR, TRAJAN, AE Sestertius (Portus Trajani)Portus Trajani
Æ Sestertius (26.66g, Ø35mm, 6h). Rome mint. Struck AD 104-111.
Obv.: IMP CAES NERVAE TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS V P P laureate draped bust of Trajan facing right.
Rev.: (PORTVM TRAIANI around, S C in ex.), Basin of Trajan's harbour (Portus Traiani), near Ostia, surrounded by warehouses, ships in centre.
RIC 471 (R2); Cohen 305; BMC 770A; Foss (Roman Historical Coins) 104:59
ex Jean Elsen Auction 95; ex coll. A. Senden: "L'architecture des monnaies Romaines".
Due to the vulnarability of Portus Claudii, witness the events of 62 AD when a violent storm destroyed some 200 ships in the port, Trajan built a second one farther inland behind the port of Claudius. The work was carried out in the years 100-112 AD, and included improvements of the Claudian harbour. It was a hexagonal basin enclosing an area of 39 hectares, and communicating by canals with the harbour of Claudius, with the Tiber directly, and with the sea. The capacity of the harbour was much enlarged, and many new warehouses were built around it, remains of which may still be seen: The fineness of the brickwork of which they are built is remarkable. The sides of the hexagonal basin were over 350 m, the maximum diameter more than 700 m., and 5m deep. The bottom was covered with stones, at the north end gradually sloping upwards, to reach a depth of only one meter at the edge of the basin.
The basin could contain more than 100 ships that did not moor alongside the quays, but at a straight angle. It was surrounded by a few wide treads (total width c. 6 m.). On the quays was a wall, with five narrow doorways (1.80) on each side of the hexagon. The doorways are too narrow for wagons. Apparently the goods were unloaded and carried by slaves. This can also be seen on several reliefs and mosaics. The wall facilitated the control of the flow of goods, for the Customs Service and the levying of import duties (the portorium).
The hexagon may have been designed by Apollodorus of Damascus, the architect of Trajan's Market in Rome. No other harbours are known with this shape, suggesting that it was chosen not only for practical purposes, but also for aesthetic reasons.
Portus was the main port of ancient Rome for more than 500 years and provided a conduit for everything from glass, ceramics, marble and slaves to wild animals caught in Africa and shipped to Rome for spectacles in the Colosseum.Charles S
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Islamic - Mamluk sultan Al-Ashraf Nasir al-Din Sha'ban IIGil-galad
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Islamic Umayyad AR Dirham. Umayyad . 99 AH. (717 AD)
Umar Ibn Abd al-Aziz (99-101 AH)
D.: 25 mm
Obv.: In the field, 3 line inscription : "There is no God but/ God alone/ He has no associate" ;
Marginal inscription: "In the name of God this Dirham was stuck in Damascus in the year nine and ninety."
Rev.: In the field, 4 line inscription: "God is one,/ God is Eternal: He begets not/ nor is begotten/and none is equal with Him in rank" (Quran: 112: 1-3)
Marginal inscription: "Muhammad is the Apostle of God whom He sent with guidance and the religion of truh that he might make it supreme over all other religions" (Quran 9:33)
RareTanit
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Islamic Umayyad Arab-byzantineAE Fals from Damascus.
Mint Balabak
Walker 36 Bones Balabakk
RareTanit
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King 20. Antiochos VIII. AR Tetradrachm. Damascus mint.Seleukid Kings. Antiochos VIII. 121-96 BC. AR Tetradrachm (16.56 gm, 32 mm). Damascus mint. Year 193 (120/119 BC).
Obv. Diademed head right
Rev. Zeus Uranios standing facing, nude, head left, holding star and sceptre; monograms in field; all within wreath.
SNG Spaer 2649 (var); Newell LSM 89.
Great style. Multi-colored toning. Lustrous EF, with a hint of obverse porosity in isolated spots.
LordBest
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Kingdom of JerusalemKingdom of Jerusalem -- Imitation of Ayyubids of Damascus. Al-Salih Ismail, 1237, 1240-45 AD. AR Dirham. 1.8 gm. 20 mm.dpaul7
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Kingdom of JERUSALEM . Imitative of Damascus Dirham of Ayyubid al-Salih Isma'il and the Abbasid Caliph al-Mustansir, 1244 - 1250Kingdom of JERUSALEM . Imitative of Damascus Dirham of Ayyubid al-Salih Isma'il and the Abbasid Caliph al-Mustansir, 1244 - 1250
2.894g, 22.9mm, Acre(?) mint, 1244 - 1250
obverse : Arabic legends: in center: "al-Malik al-Salih / Imad al-Dunya wa'l-Din / Isma'il b. Abi Bakr", in margins: "In the name of God, struck in Damascus year 641 (or another year)" (or similar, blundered, margins mostly off flan)
reverse : Arabic legends: in center: "al- Imam / Al-Mustansir / billah Abu Ja'far / al-Mansur Amir al-Mu'mininin", in margins: "There is no god but God alone; none is associated with him; Muhammad is the Messenger of God" (or similar, blundered, margins mostly off flan).
Bates Crusader type I, Balog 36 - 37 ; CCS 3
Ex Alex G. Malloy ; Ex FORUM Vladislav D
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Kings of Macedon, Alexander III The Great, 336-323 BC, AR Tetradrachm – Damaskos c. 326/5BCHead of Herakles right in lion-skin headdress, paws tied at neck.
ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡOΥ Zeus Aëtophoros seated left on a backless throne; in left field forepart of ram right; beneath throne two pellets above strut, ΔA below.
Taylor AJN 29, Damaskos, Series 2.2.2, 202 (this coin), Pl.11, 202 (this coin), dies A14/P7; Price 3204. Damaskos c. 326/5 BC.
(25 mm, 17.01 g, 11h).
Reference: Taylor. L. W. H. "The Damaskos Mint of Alexander the Great." AJN Second Series 29 (2017): 47-100.
The Alexander mint at Damaskos (Damascus) opened for a brief period in the mid 320’s. The reason and purpose behind its brief operation have not been established. However, its coinage was the fourth most abundant in the Demanhur Hoard with all Damaskos issues represented. The reverse of the Damaskos iissues, bearing a portrayal of Zeus seated with parallel legs and a legend absent the royal title suggests that the mint closed before the death of Alexander III the Great
n.igma
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Kings of Macedon, Alexander III the Great, 336-323 BC, AR Tetradrachm – Damaskos c. 326/5 BC Head of young Herakles r. in lion-skin headdress, paws tied at neck.
ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡOΥ Zeus Aëtophoros seated l. on a backless throne; in l. field forepart of ram r.; beneath throne ΔA.
Taylor AJN 29, Damaskos, Series 2.0.1, 54 (this coin), Pl.7, 54 (this coin), dies A9/P9; Price 3202. Damaskos c. 326/5 BC.
(25 mm, 16.92 g, 11h).
Reference: Taylor. L. W. H. "The Damaskos Mint of Alexander the Great." AJN Second Series 29 (2017): 47-100.
n.igma
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MACEDONIAN KINGDOM. Alexander III the Great (336-323 BC). AR tetradrachm. Lifetime issue of Damascus, ca. 330-320 BCObverse head of Herakles right, clad in Nemean Lion scalp headdress, forelegs tied at neck.
Reverse Zeus Aëtophoros seated left on throne without back, nude to waist, himation around hips and legs, right leg forward (archaic lifetime style), eagle in extended right hand, long scepter vertical behind in left hand, ram forepart right in left field, A between struts under seat and ∆A below, AΛEΞAN∆POY downward on right.
References: Price 3214, Müller Alexander 1342, Demanhur 3247 - 3249, Newell Reattribution 180
24 mm, 15.89 grams.Canaan
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Mamluk (Bahri). Sha`ban II (al-Ashraf Nasir al-Din Sha`ban) (764-778 A.H. = 1363-1377 A.D.)Balog 458, Plate XVII, Nos. 458a-458b; Album 958
AE fals; Dimashq/Damascus mint, undated; 2.89 g., 19.43 mm. max., 0°
Obv.: Circular line border. Clockwise circular legend, السلطان الملك الا شرف شعبان (= al-Sultan al-Malik al-Ashraf Sha`ban), in the center, spindle-shaped cartouche with fleur-de-lis edges; in it حسن بن (= bin Hasayn).
Rev.: Circular line border. Concave-sided linear octolobe with floweret on the edges. Pellets between the flowerets. In the center: ضرب / مشق بد (= darab=struck / in Dimashq).
Sha'ban II was a grandson of Muhammad I, being the son of one of Muhammad's sons who never held office. In 1363, the senior Mamluk emirs, led by Emir Yalbugha, deposed Sultan Muhammad II on charges of illicit behavior and installed ten-year-old Sha'ban as his figurehead replacement. In 1366 Sha'ban, who sought to wield power, supported a successful revolt against Yalbugha. One year later, Sha'ban, who still had few mamluks of his own but was supported by the common people, quelled a rebellion. Again in 1373, the commoners assisted Sha'ban in defeating a rebellion. Because of their loyalty and key support during these revolts, Sha'ban treated the commoners well throughout his reign, including efforts to provide food for the poor during a two-year famine in Egypt. In 1376, Sha'ban went on the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca. In his absence emirs again rebelled against Sha'ban, which was followed by a rebellion of Sha'ban's own mamluk guard, who murdered him in 1377.Stkp
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Mamluk (Burji). Barquq (al-Zahir Sayf al-Din Abu Sa`id Barquq) (1st reign 784-791 A.H. = 1382-1389 A.D.; 2nd reign 792-801 A.H. = 1390-1399 A.D.)Balog 562 Plate XXIII 562; SNAT Damascus __; Album 975
AE fals; Dimashq/Damascus mint, dated 790 A.H.? = 1388 A.D.? (1st reign); 2.63 g., 17.92 mm. max., 270°
Obv.: Apparently no border. السلطان / الملك الظاهر / ابو سعيد سيف / الدنيا و الدين (al-Sultan / al-Malik al-Zahir / Abu Sa'id Sayf / ______) in center; Clockwise marginal legend الدنيا و الدين ضرب بدمشق سنة ثسعين وسبعماية (= ___________ duriba bi-Dimashq sanat thaseayn wasabeimaya = ________ struck in Damascus in the year 90)
Rev.: Solid linear border. Circle of big dots, برقوق (= Barquq) in center.
Barquq, who was of Circassian origin and acquired as a slave, became the first sultan of the Mamluk Burji dynasty. A member of the faction behind the throne during the reigns of Sha'ban II's young sons, 'Ali II and Hajji II, Barquq consolidated power and siezed the throne in 1382. He was deposed in 1389 and Hajji restored as sultan. By early 1390, Barquq reclaimed his title. During his second reign, the Mongol warlord Timur invaded and defeated the Mamluks at Damascus and sacked it along with Aleppo in 1399.
Attribution courtesy of altaycoins and Alex Koifman.Stkp
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Mamluk (Burji). Barquq (al-Zahir Sayf al-Din Abu Sa`id Barquq) (1st reign 784-791 A.H. = 1382-1389 A.D.; 2nd reign 792-801 A.H. = 1390-1399 A.D.)Balog 609a Plate XXV 609; Album 975
AE fals; unknown mint, undated (2nd reign); 1.74 g., 16.52 mm. max.
Obv.: Circular line border in a border of pellets. Field divided by horizontal line: الملك (al-Malik) / الظاهر (al-Zahir).
Rev.: Circular line border in a border of pellets. In the field, six-petaled rosette.
Barquq, who was of Circassian origin and acquired as a slave, became the first sultan of the Mamluk Burji dynasty. A member of the faction behind the throne during the reigns of Sha'ban II's young sons, 'Ali II and Hajji II, Barquq consolidated power and siezed the throne in 1382. He was deposed in 1389 and Hajji restored as sultan. By early 1390, Barquq reclaimed his title. During his second reign, the Mongol warlord Timur invaded and defeated the Mamluks at Damascus and sacked it along with Aleppo in 1399.Stkp
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Mamluk (Burji). Barquq (al-Zahir Sayf al-Din Abu Sa`id Barquq) (1st reign 784-791 A.H. = 1382-1389 A.D.; 2nd reign 792-801 A.H. = 1390-1399 A.D.)Balog 597 Plate XXV 597a-b; SNAT Hamah 671-675; Album 975
AE fals; Hamah mint, undated (2nd reign); 3.63 g., 25.36 mm. max.; 270â–«
Obv.: Circular line border. Legend in three lines: برقوق (=Barquq) / السلطان الملك (= al-Sultan al-Malik) / الظاهر بو سعيد (=Al-Zahir Abu Sa’id).
Rev.: Circular line border. Field divided by two horizontal lines into three segments/fesse: lion passant to left, tail curled back in central segment; بØماة (=bi-Hama) in upper section; ضرب (=duriba/struck) in lower segment.
Barquq, who was of Circassian origin and acquired as a slave, became the first sultan of the Mamluk Burji dynasty. A member of the faction behind the throne during the reigns of Sha'ban II's young sons, 'Ali II and Hajji II, Barquq consolidated power and siezed the throne in 1382. He was deposed in 1389 and Hajji restored as sultan. By early 1390, Barquq reclaimed his title. During his second reign, the Mongol warlord Timur invaded and defeated the Mamluks at Damascus and sacked it along with Aleppo in 1399.Stkp
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Nabataea: Aretas II, Obodas I, Rabbel I, or Aretas III AE 15, 2.5g, 11h; Damascus Mint, 135/4 - 62 BCE (?)
Obv.: Head of Athena right, wearing helmet.
Rev.: Nike standing left, wreath in right hand, uncertain object in left / crescent / Λ
References: Meshorer 1, Schmitt-Korte 1
Notes: this is a smaller, careless version of the Style I coins.John Anthony
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Nabataea: Aretas II, Obodas I, Rabbel I, or Aretas IIIAE 14, 2g, 11h; Damascus Mint, 135/4 - 62 BCE (?)
Obv.: Head of Athena right, wearing helmet.
Rev.: Nike standing left, wreath in right hand, uncertain object in left / crescent / Λ
References: Meshorer 1, Schmitt-Korte 1
Notes: this is a smaller, careless version of the Style II coins. John Anthony
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Nabataean Kingdom, Arabia, Aretas II-III (c. 120+ BC), AE18, Damascus mintAncient Greek, Nabataean Kingdom, Arabia, Aretas II (c. 120+ BC), AE18, Damascus mint, 18mm, 4.1g
Obverse: No legend, Corinthian helmeted head of Athena right.
Reverse: No legend, Nike standing left holding wreath, crescent over Λ field mark left.
Reference: Meshorer 1
Ex: Charachmoba Gym
Gil-galad
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Nabataean Kingdom, Aretas IIAE 19, Damascus mint, 110-96 BC
Obverse: Helmeted head of Athena right.
Reverse: Nike facing holding wreath.
19mm , 3.2 gm.Jerome Holderman
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Nabataean Kingdom: Aretas II, 120/110 – 96 BCAE16, 3.3g, 10h; Damascus Mint
Obv.: Head of Athena right, wearing crested Corinthian helmet.
Rev.: Nike standing left, wreath in right hand, uncertain object in left.
References: Meshorer 1A, Schmitt-Korte 2
Notes: Style I, ex-Holyland, electronic sale, 9/4/13, 101.John Anthony
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Nabataean Kingdom: Aretas II, and/or Obodas I, Rabbel I, Aretas III AE15, 2.9g, 12h; Damascus Mint, 110-62 BCE (?)
Obv.: Head of Athena (?) right, wearing crested Boeotian helmet.
Rev.: Nike standing left, wreath in right hand, uncertain object in left / crescent / Λ
References: Meshorer 1, Schmitt-Korte 1
Notes: Style II
John Anthony
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Nabataean Kingdom: Aretas III, 83-62 BCAE, 3.56g, 12h; Damascus Mint, 83/82-71 BC
Obv.: Diademed head of Aretas III right.
Rev.: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ/ΑΡΕΤΟΥ; Nike in guise of Tyche, turreted, standing left, winged, holding scepter in left hand and waving wreath to her front with right; monogram AP in right field.
Reference: Meshorer 8
Notes: Ex-Jacquier, Kehl, lot 8, spring 1988, no. 130; Poinsignon Numismatique, electronic sale, 6/8/15, quq.John Anthony
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Nabataean Kingdom: Aretas III, 87-62 BCAE20, 7g, 12h; Damascus Mint, 87-62 BCE
Obv.: Diademed head of Aretas III right
Rev.: Tyche of Damascus, turreted, seated left on rock,
wearing long mantle, holding uncertain object in right hand,
river god swimming below, ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ/ΑΡΕΤΟΥ/ΦΙΑ-ΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ
Reference: Meshorer 6A John Anthony
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Nabataean Kingdom: Aretas II and/or Obodas I, Rabbel I, Aretas IIIAE16, 3.2g, 12h; Damascus Mint, 110-62 BCE (?)
Obv.: Head of Athena right, wearing crested Corinthian helmet.
Rev.: Nike standing left, wreath in right hand, uncertain object in left.
References: Meshorer 1A, Schmitt-Korte 2
Notes: Style I, tight flan.John Anthony
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Nabataean, Aretas IV, bronzeNabataean Kingdom, Aretas IV, 9 B.C.-40 A.D.. 3.39g., 19.2mm, Petra Mint. Meshorer Nabataean 114. Obverse: Jugate laureate and draped bust of Aretas IV and Shuqailat right. Reverse: Two cornucopias crossed and filleted, Aramaic legend, "Aretas, Shuqailat" in two lines above and one below. Ex Forvm.
Paul mentions Aretas IV, the greatest Nabataean king, in connection with his trip to Damascus. (2 Corinthians 11:32).Lucas H
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Nabatean Kingdom, Aretas III, Meshorer 6Nabatean Kingdom, Aretas III Philhellenos, 84-62/61 BC
AE 20, 6.84g, 19.92mm, 0°
Damascus, 84-71 BC
obv. Head of Aretas III, diademed, r.
Rv.: Tyche of Damascus, wearing mural crown, on rock std. l., wearing mantle on lower part of body, holding cornucopiae in l. hand and extending r. hand; below river-god Chrysorhoas swimming l.
in r. and l. field in 3 vertical lines:
BAΣIΛEWΣ / APETOV / ΦIΛEΛΛENOΣ
last line by hand of Tyche divided in ΦIΛE - ΛΛENOΣ
in l. field AP
ref. Meshorer Nabatean 6
F+, thick sand encrustations
This type imitates the famous Tyche of Antioch.
Jochen
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Otacilia SeveraCOELESYRIA, Damascus. Otacilia Severa. Augusta, AD 244-249. Æ (29mm, 15.58 g, 12h). Draped bust right, set on crescent, wearing stephane / River-god Chrysorrhoas reclining left in grotto, holding branch and cornucopia; above, Marsyas standing left within tetrastyle temple; star and crescent flanking upper portion of grotto, [altar] to lower left of grotto, [ΠΗ]ΓAI in exergue. De Saulcy 9; Rosenberger 40; Price & Trell fig. 413. VF, thick red-green patina. Rare type.
Ex Classical Numismatic Group 85 (15 September 2010), lot 660.
This highly interesting type explicitly states that the reverse scene depicts the temple located at the source (πηγή) of the Chrysoroas (Barada) River. A related type struck under Macrinus shows the same temple seen in perspective (De Saulcy 2).ecoli
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Philip - Damascus 244-249 AD
laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right from behind
IMP.M·IVL·PHILIP_PVS·P F·AVG
wreath, ram head below
COLONI·DAMASCO·METROP·
CEBA CMIA
De Saulcy 8 var. (bust type); CNG e341, 44.
18,6g 29mm
ex RomaJ. B.
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Philip IISYRIA, Coele-Syria. Damascus. Philip II. As Caesar, AD 244-247. Æ. Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind / Marsyas standing right before cypress. Rosenberger 51; SNG München 1022; BMC -; SNG Copenhagen -.ecoli
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Provincial, Damascus, Coele-Syria, AE23, ΔΜΑCΚΗΝΩ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛAE23
Roman Provincial: Damascus, Coele-Syria
Septimius Severus
Augustus: 193 - 211AD
Issued: ?
23.0mm 9.608gr 0h
O: CεΥΠεCV ΑΥΤΟΚ ΚΑΙ (or similar); Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust, right.
R: ΔΜΑCΚΗΝΩ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛ (or similar); Turreted and draped bust of city goddess Tyche, left, within an arched tetra style temple.
Damascus, Coele-Syria Mint
SNG Cop 421; Rosenberger V 20; SNG Munchen -.
Very rare.
Forvm Ancient Coins/Joseph Sermarini Inv. # RY 89578
6/1/20 6/13/20Nicholas Z
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ROMAN EMPIRE, Trajan Denarius - Trajan's Column (RIC II 356)AR Denarius
Rome 113-117AD
3.33g
Obv: Laureate draped bust of Trajan (R)
IMP CAES NER TRAIANO OPTIMO AUG GER DAC
Rev: TRAJAN'S COLUMN surmounted by statue of Trajan and two eagles at base.
PM TRPCOS VI PP SPQR
Trajan's Column commemorates Roman emperor Trajan's victory in the Dacian Wars. It was probably constructed under the supervision of the architect Apollodorus of Damascus at the order of the Roman Senate. Completed in 113 CE, the freestanding column is most famous for its spiral bas relief, that artistically describes the epic wars between the Romans and Dacians (101–102 and 105–106). Its design has inspired numerous victory columns, both ancient and modern. The structure is about 30 metres (98 ft) in height, 35 metres (125 ft) including its large pedestal. The shaft is made from a series of 20 colossal Carrara marble drums, each weighing about 32 tons. The capital block of Trajan's Column weighs 53.3 tons, which had to be lifted to a height of ca. 34 m.
RIC II 356 RSC 284Optimo Principi
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Roman Provincial: Caracalla as Augustus, Billon Tetradrachm.Syria, Damascus 215-217 A.D. 13.45g - 24.6mm, Axis 4h.
Obv: AYT KAI ANTΩNINOC C - Laureate head right.
Rev: ΔHMAΡX•EΞ VΠATOC TO Δ • - Eagle standing facing, wings open, head left with wreath in beak, ram's head left between legs.
Ref: Prieur 1205.
Rated Very Rare.
Provenance: Ex Carpe Deim Numismatics. Chris Scarlioli Collection.Christian Scarlioli
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Roman Provincial: Otacilia Severa as Augusta, AE28 - Olympia Sebasmia Games Issue. Added onto RPC in November 2022.Syria, Seleucis and Pieria, Damascus 247 - 249 A.D. 11.80g - 28.4mm, Axis 6h.
Obv: M OTAC SEVERA AVG - Draped bust right, wearing stephane, set on crescent.
Rev: COL DAMAS METRO / CЄBA CMIA / IЄPA - CЄBA CMIA in two lines within wreath with large central jewel inscribed IЄPA; below, ram's head right.
Ref: Cf. Klose & Stumpf 269 (Trebonianus Gallus); De Saulcy 8; SNG München -; Rosenberger 42.
Rated: Rare.
Provenance: Chris Scarlioli Collection. Added onto RPC in November 2022.Christian Scarlioli
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Salah ad-Din Yusuf Ibn AyyubHis name in Arabic, in full, is SALAH AD-DIN YUSUF IBN AYYUB ("Righteousness of the Faith, Joseph, Son of Job"), also called AL-MALIK AN-NASIR SALAH AD-DIN YUSUF I (b. 1137/38, Tikrit, Mesopotamia--d. March 4, 1193, Damascus), Muslim sultan of Egypt, Syria, Yemen, and Palestine, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, and the most famous of Muslim heroes.
In wars against the Christian crusaders, he achieved final success with the disciplined capture of Jerusalem (Oct. 2, 1187), ending its 88-year occupation by the Franks. The great Christian counterattack of the Third Crusade was then stalemated by Saladin's military genius.
Saladin was born into a prominent Kurdish family. On the night of his birth, his father, Najm ad-Din Ayyub, gathered his family and moved to Aleppo, there entering the service of 'Imad ad-Din Zangi ibn Aq Sonqur, the powerful Turkish governor in northern Syria. Growing up in Ba'lbek and Damascus, Saladin was apparently an undistinguished youth, with a greater taste for religious studies than military training.
His formal career began when he joined the staff of his uncle Asad ad-Din Shirkuh, an important military commander under the amir Nureddin, son and successor of Zangi. During three military expeditions led by Shirkuh into Egypt to prevent its falling to the Latin-Christian (Frankish) rulers of the states established by the First Crusade, a complex, three-way struggle developed between Amalric I, the Latin king of Jerusalem, Shawar, the powerful vizier of the Egyptian Fatimid caliph, and Shirkuh. After Shirkuh's death and after ordering Shawar's assassination, Saladin, in 1169 at the age of 31, was appointed both commander of the Syrian troops and vizier of Egypt.
His relatively quick rise to power must be attributed not only to the clannish nepotism of his Kurdish family but also to his own emerging talents. As vizier of Egypt, he received the title king (malik), although he was generally known as the sultan. Saladin's position was further enhanced when, in 1171, he abolished the Shi'i Fatimid caliphate, proclaimed a return to Sunnah in Egypt, and consequently became its sole ruler.
Although he remained for a time theoretically a vassal of Nureddin, that relationship ended with the Syrian emir's death in 1174. Using his rich agricultural possessions in Egypt as a financial base, Saladin soon moved into Syria with a small but strictly disciplined army to claim the regency on behalf of the young son of his former suzerain.
Soon, however, he abandoned this claim, and from 1174 until 1186 he zealously pursued a goal of uniting, under his own standard, all the Muslim territories of Syria, northern Mesopotamia, Palestine, and Egypt.
This he accomplished by skillful diplomacy backed when necessary by the swift and resolute use of military force. Gradually, his reputation grew as a generous and virtuous but firm ruler, devoid of pretense, licentiousness, and cruelty. In contrast to the bitter dissension and intense rivalry that had up to then hampered the Muslims in their resistance to the crusaders, Saladin's singleness of purpose induced them to rearm both physically and spiritually.
Saladin's every act was inspired by an intense and unwavering devotion to the idea of jihad ("holy war")-the Muslim equivalent of the Christian crusade. It was an essential part of his policy to encourage the growth and spread of Muslim religious institutions.
He courted its scholars and preachers, founded colleges and mosques for their use, and commissioned them to write edifying works especially on the jihad itself. Through moral regeneration, which was a genuine part of his own way of life, he tried to re-create in his own realm some of the same zeal and enthusiasm that had proved so valuable to the first generations of Muslims when, five centuries before, they had conquered half the known world.
Saladin also succeeded in turning the military balance of power in his favour-more by uniting and disciplining a great number of unruly forces than by employing new or improved military techniques. When at last, in 1187, he was able to throw his full strength into the struggle with the Latin crusader kingdoms, his armies were their equals. On July 4, 1187, aided by his own military good sense and by a phenomenal lack of it on the part of his enemy, Saladin trapped and destroyed in one blow an exhausted and thirst-crazed army of crusaders at Hattin, near Tiberias in northern Palestine.
So great were the losses in the ranks of the crusaders in this one battle that the Muslims were quickly able to overrun nearly the entire Kingdom of Jerusalem. Acre, Toron, Beirut, Sidon, Nazareth, Caesarea, Nabulus, Jaffa (Yafo), and Ascalon (Ashqelon) fell within three months.
But Saladin's crowning achievement and the most disastrous blow to the whole crusading movement came on Oct. 2, 1187, when Jerusalem, holy to both Muslim and Christian alike, surrendered to the Sultan's army after 88 years in the hands of the Franks. In stark contrast to the city's conquest by the Christians, when blood flowed freely during the barbaric slaughter of its inhabitants, the Muslim reconquest was marked by the civilized and courteous behaviour of Saladin and his troops. His sudden success, which in 1189 saw the crusaders reduced to the occupation of only three cities, was, however, marred by his failure to capture Tyre, an almost impregnable coastal fortress to which the scattered Christian survivors of the recent battles flocked. It was to be the rallying point of the Latin counterattack.
Most probably, Saladin did not anticipate the European reaction to his capture of Jerusalem, an event that deeply shocked the West and to which it responded with a new call for a crusade. In addition to many great nobles and famous knights, this crusade, the third, brought the kings of three countries into the struggle.
The magnitude of the Christian effort and the lasting impression it made on contemporaries gave the name of Saladin, as their gallant and chivalrous enemy, an added lustre that his military victories alone could never confer on him.
The Crusade itself was long and exhausting, and, despite the obvious, though at times impulsive, military genius of Richard I the Lion-Heart, it achieved almost nothing. Therein lies the greatest-but often unrecognized--achievement of Saladin. With tired and unwilling feudal levies, committed to fight only a limited season each year, his indomitable will enabled him to fight the greatest champions of Christendom to a draw. The crusaders retained little more than a precarious foothold on the Levantine coast, and when King Richard set sail from the Orient in October 1192, the battle was over.
Saladin withdrew to his capital at Damascus. Soon, the long campaigning seasons and the endless hours in the saddle caught up with him, and he died. While his relatives were already scrambling for pieces of the empire, his friends found that the most powerful and most generous ruler in the Muslim world had not left enough money to pay for his own grave.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
H.A.R. Gibb, "The Arabic Sources for the Life of Saladin," Speculum, 25:58-72 (1950). C.W. Wilson's English translation of one of the most important Arabic works, The Life of Saladin (1897), was reprinted in 1971. The best biography to date is Stanley Lane-Poole, Saladin and the Fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, new ed. (1926, reprinted 1964), although it does not take account of all the sources.
See: http://stp.ling.uu.se/~kamalk/language/saladin.html
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
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Seleucid Kingdom - Demetrios III96-87 B.C.
AE, 4.72 gm, 17 mm
Obv.: Radiate and diademed head of Demetrios III right
Rev.: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΔHMHTPIOY ΘEOY / ΦIΛOΠATOPOΣ ΣΩTHROΣ
"King Demetrius, God, Father-loving and Saviour",
Z monogram far left
Naked Hermes standing left on base, palm in left, kerykeion in right
Damascus Mint
BMC iv p.101, 5 (monogram differs)
SNG Copenhagen 422, SNG Spaer 2871-79 ff.Jaimelai
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