Classical Numismatics Discussion - Members' Coin Gallery
  Welcome Guest. Please login or register. Share Your Collection With Your Friends And With The World!!! A FREE Service Provided By Forum Ancient Coins No Limit To The Number Of Coins You Can Add - More Is Better!!! Is Your Coin The Best Of Type? Add It And Compete For The Title Have You Visited An Ancient Site - Please Share Your Photos!!! Use The Members' Coin Gallery As A Reference To Identify Your Coins Please Visit Our Shop And Find A Coin To Add To Your Gallery Today!!!

Member Collections | Members' Gallery Home | Login | Album list | Last uploads | Last comments | Most viewed | Top rated | My Favorites | Search
Image search results - "Amon"
Pergamon.jpg
19mmareich
HENRY_VI_from__National_portrait_gallery.JPG
HENRY VI
Henry VI was King of England from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471. The only child of Henry V, he succeeded to the English throne at the age of nine months when his father died.
This was during the period of the long-running Hundred Years' War (1337 - 1453) and Henry is the only English monarch to also have been crowned King of France (as Henri II), in 1431. During his early reign several people were ruling for him and by the time Henry was declared fit to rule in 1437 he found his realm in a difficult position, faced with setbacks in France and divisions among the nobility at home. Henry is described as timid, shy, passive, well intentioned, and averse to warfare and violence; he was also at times mentally unstable. Partially in the hope of achieving peace, Henry married the ambitious and strong-willed Margaret of Anjou in 1445. The peace policy failed and the war recommenced with France taking the upper hand such that by 1453 Calais was Henry's only remaining territory on the continent.
With Henry effectively unfit to rule, Queen Margaret took advantage of the situation to make herself an effective power behind the throne. Starting around 1453 Henry began suffering a series of mental breakdowns and tensions mounted between Margaret and Richard of York, not only over control of the incapacitated king's government, but over the question of succession to the throne. Civil war broke out in 1459, leading to a long period of dynastic conflict, now known as the Wars of the Roses. Henry was deposed on 29th March 1461 after a crushing defeat at the Battle of Towton by Richard of York's son, who took the throne as Edward IV. Margaret continuing to resist Edward, but Henry was captured by Edward's forces in 1465 and imprisoned in the Tower of London.
Queen Margaret, who was first exiled in Scotland and then in France, was still determined to win back the throne on behalf of her husband and son. So, when Edward IV fell out with two of his main supporters, Richard Neville the Earl of Warwick and George the Duke of Clarence, Margaret formed a secret alliance with them backed by Louis XI of France. Warwick returned with an army to England, forced Edward IV into exile, and restored Henry VI to the throne on 30th October 1470, though Henry's position was nominal as Warwick and Clarence effectively ruled in his name.
But Henry's return to the throne lasted less than six months. Warwick overreached himself by declaring war on Burgundy, whose ruler responded by giving Edward IV the assistance he needed to win back his throne by force. Edward retook power in 1471, killing Warwick at the Battle of Barnet and Henry's only son at the Battle of Tewkesbury. Henry was again imprisoned in the Tower where, during the night of 21st May he died, possibly killed on Edward's orders.
*Alex
My_project-1_281629.jpg
Pergamon, Philetairos (Circa 282-263 BC)Marvin D
529_-_533_JUSTINIAN_I_Follis_Antioch.JPG
JUSTINIAN I, AE Follis (40 Nummi), struck 529 - 533 at Antioch (Theoupolis)Obverse: D N IVSTINIANVS P P AVG. Justinian enthroned facing, holding long sceptre in his right hand and globus cruciger in his left.
Reverse: Large M, cross above and officina letter (Δ = 4th Officina) below, asterisk in field to left of M and outward facing crescent in field to right; in exergue, +THEUP
Diameter: 34mm | Weight: 18.69gms | Die Axis: 5
SBCV: 214 | DOC: 206d.1

Much of Antioch was destroyed by a great earthquake on 29th November 528 and, following this disaster, the city was renamed Theoupolis.

530: In the spring of this year Belisarius and Hermogenes (magister officiorum) defeated a combined Persian-Arab army of 50,000 men at the Battle of Dara in modern Turkey, and in the summer a Byzantine cavalry force under the command of Sittas defeated a major Persian invasion into Roman Armenia at the Battle of Satala.
531: On April 19th, at the Battle of Callinicum, a Byzantine army commanded by Belisarius, was defeated by the Persians at Raqqa in northern Syria. Nevertheless, Justinian negotiated an end to the hostilities and Belisarius was hailed as a hero.
532: On January 11th this year anger among the supporters of the most important chariot teams in Constantinople, the Blues and the Greens, escalated into violence towards the emperor. For the next five days the city was in chaos and the fires that started during the rioting resulted in the destruction of much of the city. This insurrection, known as the Nika riots, was put down a week later by Belisarius and Mundus resulting in 30,000 people being killed in the Hippodrome.
On February 23rd Justinian ordered the building of a new Christian basilica in Constantinople, the Hagia Sophia. More than 10,000 people were employed in the construction using material brought from all over the empire.

2 comments*Alex
529_-_533_JUSTINIAN_I_Half-Follis.JPG
JUSTINIAN I, AE Half-Follis (20 Nummi), struck 529 – 533 at Antioch (Theoupolis)Obverse: D N IVSTINIANVS P P AVG. Justinian I enthroned facing, holding long sceptre in his right hand and globus cruciger in his left.
Reverse: Large K, Large latin cross to left dividing letters T–H/Є–U/O/P; officina letter to right of K (Δ = fourth officina).
Diameter: 28mm | Weight: 8.4gms | Die Axis: 11
SBCV: 225 | DOC: 208.6
Rare

Much of Antioch was destroyed by a great earthquake on 29th November 528 and, following this disaster, the city was renamed Theoupolis.

530: In the spring of this year Belisarius and Hermogenes (magister officiorum) defeated a combined Persian-Arab army of 50,000 men at the Battle of Dara in modern Turkey, and in the summer a Byzantine cavalry force under the command of Sittas defeated a major Persian invasion into Roman Armenia at the Battle of Satala.
531: On April 19th, at the Battle of Callinicum, a Byzantine army commanded by Belisarius, was defeated by the Persians at Raqqa in northern Syria. Nevertheless, Justinian negotiated an end to the hostilities and Belisarius was hailed as a hero.
532: On January 11th this year anger among the supporters of the most important chariot teams in Constantinople, the Blues and the Greens, escalated into violence towards the emperor. For the next five days the city was in chaos and the fires that started during the rioting resulted in the destruction of much of the city. This insurrection, known as the Nika riots, was put down a week later by Belisarius and Mundus resulting in 30,000 people being killed in the Hippodrome.
On February 23rd Justinian ordered the building of a new Christian basilica in Constantinople, the Hagia Sophia. More than 10,000 people were employed in the construction using material brought from all over the empire.

1 comments*Alex
RPC_1555_and_5421_Julius_and_Augustus.jpg
2 Augustus and Divus Julius Caesar - 2 Provincials from ThessalonicaTop Coin:
Divus Julius Caesar and Augustus
AE20 of Thessalonika, Macedon

QEOC, laureate head of Julius Caesar right / QECCALONIKEWN, bare head of Augustus right.

Moushmov 6659, BMC 58, SGI 151, RPC 1551

Bottom Coin:
Augustus and Divus Julius Caesar.
AE 18 of Macedon, Thessalonica. Circa 38 BC.

SEBACTOC, bare head of Augustus right / QEOC, bare head of Julius Caesar right.

RPC 5421

I got these early in my collecting in a random lot of semi-cleaned coins. I was very proud of them at the time, and they are still among my favorites, because of the excitement I felt when I realized they were Julius Caesar and Augustus coins--my first of either of the first 2 Caesars.
RI0046
RI0047
Sosius
Trajan_BMC_62.jpg
14 Trajan AR Drachm of CaesareaTRAJAN
AR Drachm of Bostra, Arabia
AVTOK P KAIC NEP TRAIAN CEB ΓEPM ΔAK, Laureate bust right, drapery over left shoulder (die crack on chin) / ΔHMAPX EΞΥΠATOC, Arabia standing facing, looking left, holding branch and bundle of cinnamon sticks, to left a camel
SNG ANS 1155
Thanks you FORVM member Benito for helping attribute this coin.
RI0114
Sosius
680_-_710_Anglo-Saxon_AR_Sceat.JPG
680 - 710, ANGLO-SAXON, AR Sceat, struck c.685 - 700 at Essex or East Anglia, EnglandObverse: Pearl diademed head facing right within ouroboros (serpent eating its tail), unintelligible pseudo legend around.
Reverse: Bird standing facing right upon cross, annulets on either side, all within ouroboros (serpent eating its tail), unintelligible pseudo legend around.
Primary Phase, Series BI
Diameter: 12mm | Weight: 1.05gms | Die Axis: 12h
SPINK: 777 | Metcalf: 100 - 106 | Abramson (Sceatta List): 16 - 40

This coin was struck at the time in which the Beowulf legend was set, though the coin predates the earliest manuscript of that saga by about three centuries. These coins constitute the earliest indigenous currency found on the British Isles and they are a fascinating glimpse into the so called "Dark Ages" during the post-Roman period.
The departure of the Romans sometime around 414 AD induced the inhabitants to create their own coinage. These primary phase sceattas are among the earliest of all Anglo-Saxon coinage and are generally thought to be modelled after coinages found in the surrounding areas and, of course, based on the earlier coinage from the Roman Empire. Most scholars now believe that the word "sceat" has been a misinterpretation of the word for "weight" and that the coin would probably have been classed as a denier or a penny. However, while archaeological finds and further research has provided more information on where these types may have been created, there is still little known about under whom they were struck.
This was a time of transition from paganism to Christianity, and these coins often show elements of both, featuring mysterious birds and beasts as well as crosses. This particular coin has not only a cross and a bird, but some wonderful ouroboros "snake circles" used as borders on both sides as well. The fantastical imagery and designs often found on these coins can be very attractive to many collectors.
1 comments*Alex
451s.jpg
Constantine I, RIC VII 194 ArlesObverse: IMP CONSTAN-TINVS MAX AVG - Helmeted laureate bust right, cuirassed
Reverse: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP - Two Victories facing and inscribing VOT PR on shield placed on altar type Helvetica 2d (diamond with dot in centre, in a rectangle with a dot in each corner. )
Exe: PARL Arles mint AD 318-319 = RIC VII, 194 , 19.15 mm, 2.6 g.
NORMAN K
Sicily_Gallery_h.jpg
SicilyGreek colonies dotted the island of Sicily from about the mid-8th C. BC onward, sometimes conflicting with the native tribes (Sikels to the east, Sikanians in central Sicily, and Elymians to the west) and several Phoenician colonies. The largest issuance of coinage by the city-states often came amidst conflict among themselves and later arrivals, the Carthaginians and Romans. While Greek coin types and denominations predominated, the local litra and its fractions of onkiai survived down to the Roman conquest in 212 BC, when local striking withered. Major mints include Akragas, Gela, Himera, Kamarina, Katane, Leontini, Messene, Naxos, Segesta, Selinos, Syracuse, and the siculo-punic mints of Entella and Lilybaion.
3 commentsAnaximander
islamic_2.jpg
EAST AFRICA, Kilwa Sultanate. 'Ali bin al-Hasan. Late 5th century AH / 11th century AD
Æ Fals (21mm, 2.68 g, 3 h). Kilwa Kisiwani mint.
Inscription in two lines; star at center
Inscription in three lines
Album 1180; Walker, Kilwa 12; SICA 10, 589-91; Zeno 87054 (this coin)

Acquired in the 1960's, likely through circulation in Dar-es-Salaam.

Chittick ("On the Chronology of the sultans of Kilwa" in NC 13, 1973), the excavator of Kilwa Kisiwani, notes that these issues were found in the earliest stratigraphic layers and accordingly reassigns them to the first sultan of Kilwa. Walker and Freeman-Grenville gave them to an otherwise unattested 13th century ruler of the same name. However, the picture is muddled by finds from the excavations at Songo Mnara, occupied only between the 14th and 16th centuries, where this type was among the most numerous to be found. The type is unlikely to have remained in circulation for such a long period and may been reissued by subsequent rulers.
Ardatirion
973330.jpg
BRITISH TOKENS, Tudor. temp. Mary–Edward VI.1553-1558.
PB Token (27mm, 5.29 g). St. Nicholas (‘Boy Bishop’) type. Cast in East Anglia (Bury St. Edmund’s?)
Mitre, croizer to right; all within border
Long cross pattée with trefoils in angles; scrollwork border
Rigold, Tokens class X.B, 1; Mitchiner & Skinner group Ra, 1

Ex Classical Numismatic Review XXXIX.1 (Spring 2014), no. 973330

Britain in the late middle ages played host to a popular regional variant of the ‘Feast of Fools’ festival. Every year on the feast of St. Nicholas, a boy was elected from among the local choristers to serve as ‘bishop.’ Dressed in mitre and bearing the croizer of his office, the young boy paraded through the city accompanied by his equally youthful ‘priest’ attendants. The ‘bishop’ performed all the ceremonies and offices of the real bishop, save for the actual conducting of mass. Though this practice was extinguished with the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539, it was briefly revived under Queen Mary, who took particular interest in the festival, when the lucky boy was referred to as ‘Queen Mary’s Child.’ The celebration of the boy bishop died out completely early in the reign of Elizabeth.

Evidence of this custom is particularly prevalent in East Anglia, specifically at Bury St. Edmunds. Beginning in the late 15th century, the region produced numerous lead tokens bearing the likeness of a bishop, often bearing legends relating to the festival of St. Nicholas. Issued in sizes roughly corresponding to groats, half groats, and pennies, these pieces were undoubtedly distributed by the boy bishop himself, and were likely redeemable at the local abbey or guild for treats and sweetmeats. Considering the endemic paucity of small change in Britain at the time, it is likely that, at least in parts of East Anglia, these tokens entered circulation along with the other private lead issues that were becoming common.
Ardatirion
gnostic_token.jpg
ROME
PB Gnostic amulet
3rd-5th century AD
Abraxas standing left, with head of a cock, body of a man, and legs of a serpent, holding spear and shield
Star over crescent; ABPA/ CAZ below
Cf. Rostowzew & Prou 820a (oval shape, letters IAω around deity)

Remnants of loupe for suspension at 12'

Not a tessera, but often erroneously included among them.
Ardatirion
charles2-denier-melle-2.JPG
D.626 Charles II the Bald (denier, class 1d, Melle)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877)
Denier (Melle, class 1d, 840-864)

Silver, 1.73 g, 21 mm diameter, die axis 5h

O/ +CΛRLVS REX; cross pattée
R/ +METVLLO; carolingian monogram

This coinage with the shorter legend CΛRLVS REX is much rarer than the common one with the legend CΛRLVS REX FR. The composition of a hoard in Poitou suggests that this type can be unambiguously attributed to Charles the Bald. This coinage may have been minted at the beginning of Charles the Bald's reign, just before Pippin II took the control of Melle in 845.
Among the 12 known specimens, 5 have a deformed monogram, with the L and the S exchanging places, and on their sides. This feature, the shorter legend, as well as the unusual position of the legend opening cross on top of the monogram may suggest that there was some confusion in Melle at this time, when Charles gave back (temporarily) Aquitaine to Pippin.
The reverse is slightly double struck.
charles4-maille-blanche-1ere.JPG
Dy.243 Charles IV (the Fair): maille blanche, 1st emissionCharles IV, king of France (1322-1328)
Maille blanche, 1st emission (03/02/1324)

Silver (798 ‰), 1.82 g, diameter 22 mm, die axis 2h
O: inner circle: +kAROLVS(diamond)REX; cross pattée; outer circle: BHDICTV⋮SIT#8942nOmЄ⋮DHI⋮nRI
R: inner circle: +FRANChORVm*; châtel tournois; outer circle: a circlet of 10 fleur-de-lis

The h of FRANChORVm is characteristic of the first emission.

Charles was the younger and third son of former king Philip the Fair. He was consequently not supposed to rule. However, as his two brothers successively died without any living son, he became king in 1322. Six years later, he also died without a male heir. So ended up the capetian senior line in 1328.
The legend began then... Jacques de Molay, last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, had cursed King Philip the Fair and his descendants from his execution pyr in 1314. Was the curse finally efficient ?
Charles'cousin, his nearest parent, became then king of France as Philip VI.
commod_concord_milit_RESIZED.jpg
(0177) Commodus (Concordia Militum)177 - 192 AD
Struck 185 AD
Sestertius 28mm 20.51 g
OBV: Laur Head R
REV: Concordia Militum standing L holding 2 legionary standards/SC

Coin was minted in 186 AD and refers to the unity of purpose among legions that enabled the suppression of Perennis' plot against Commodus in 185 AD
laney
commod_concord_milit_RESIZED~0.jpg
(0177) COMMODUS--CONCORDIA MILITUM177 - 192 AD
Struck 185 AD
Sestertius 28mm 20.51 g
OBV: Laur Head R
REV: Concordia Militum standing L holding 2 legionary standards/SC

Coin was minted in 186 AD and refers to the unity of purpose among legions that enabled the suppression of Perennis' plot against Commodus in 185 AD
laney
Janus119BCCrawford281_1.jpg
(500a) Roman Republic, 119 BC, M. Furius Philius - Furia 18Roman Republic, 119 BC, M. Furius Philius - Furia 18. Crawford 281/1, Sydenham 529; 19mm, 3.23 grams. aVF, Rome; Obverse: laureate head of Janus, M FORVRI L F around; Reverse: Roma standing left erecting trophy, Galic arms around, PHLI in exergue. Ex Ephesus Numismatics.

Gauis Marius
As a novus homo, or new man, Marius found the rise in the Roman cursus honorum ( "course of honours"-- the sequential order of public offices held by aspiring politicians in the Roman Republic) a daunting challenge. It is certain that he used his old family client contacts and his military relations as a source of support. Among these contacts were the powerful Metelli family, and their early support was to prove to be a disaster for them. Just a few short years after his service as Quaestor, Marius was elected Tribune of the Plebes in 119 BC. In this position so soon after the political turmoil and murder of the Gracchi brothers (Gaius murdered 123 BC), Marius chose to follow the populares path, making a name for himself under similar auspices. As Tribune, he would ensure the animosity of the conservative faction of the Senate, and the Metelli, by passing popular laws forbidding the inspection of ballot boxes. In do doing, he directly opposed the powerful elite, who used ballot inspection as a way to intimidate voters in the citizen assembly elections.

Marius would go on to be elected Consul seven times and figure prominantly in the civil unrest of the early eighties as Lucius Cornelius Sulla's opponent. In 88 BC, Sulla had been elected Consul. There was now a choice before the Senate about which general to send to Asia (a potentially lucrative command): either Marius or Sulla. The Senate chose Sulla, but soon the Assembly appointed Marius. In this unsavory episode of low politics, Marius had been helped by the unscrupulous actions of Publius Sulpicius Rufus, whose debts Marius had promised to erase. Sulla refused to acknowledge the validity of the Assembly's action.

Sulla left Rome and traveled to "his"army waiting in Nola, the army the Senate had asked him to lead to Asia. Sulla urged his legions to defy the Assembly's orders and accept him as their rightful leader. Sulla was successful, and the legions murdered the representatives from the Assembly. Sulla then commanded six legions to march with him opon Rome and institute a civil war.

This was a momentous event, and was unforeseen by Marius, as no Roman army had ever marched upon Rome—it was forbidden by law and ancient tradition.

Sulla was to eventually rule Rome as Dictator. In his book Rubicon, historian Tom Holland argues that Sulla's actions had no lasting negative effect upon the health of the Republic, that Sulla was at heart a Republican. However, once a Roman general has defied Republican tradition, once a Roman general has used his command to combat fellow Romans, once a Roman general has set-up himself as Dictator--it follows that the decision to replicate these decsions (think: Caesar and Rubicon) is that much more easiely taken.

J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.





Cleisthenes
rjb_2010_10_14~0.jpg
(VII)157Constantine I
IMP CONSTANTINVS MAX AVG
Laureate helmeted, cuirassed bust right
VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP
Two victories with inscribed shield on a diamond patterned altar
-/-//PLN
RIC (VII) 157
mauseus
CONSERVATORI-Ambrakia_AR_Stater_ED.png
*FAKE* Pegasos: Epirus, Ambrakia AR Stater, Unpublished die-combination(?) EDIT : NOW CONFIRMED MODERN FAKE

Greek (Classical). Epirus, Ambrakia. AR Stater (8.42g, 20mm). Mid-4th cent. BCE.
Obv: Peagasos flying right, A below. Rev: Head of Athena left, wearing crested helmet; spear to right.
Ref: Unpublished in Ravel Colts or refs consulted. Obv die: Ravel A58. Rev: Ravel P110.
Prov: Ex-VAuctions 353 / Pars Sale 9 (5 Oct 2020) Lot 31 (corr., Anaktorion?); VAuctions Pars Sale 6 (20 Apr 2020), Lot 56 (corr. same).
Notes: Struck with two later-state dies: The obv. was re-engraved after CNG 93, 217 was struck: [LINK-ACSearch]. The rev. die may be most interesting: Among various specimens, a die crack in the left field appears in multiple states. Here, it looks like a dolphin or hippocamp; comparing various coins, perhaps a die crack was quickly re-engraved to appear as field symbol (to stop it expanding?). One other example from both dies is listed in the Pars VCoins shop (item # PCW-G6511).
1 commentsCurtis JJ
Denario_M_Aquillius_Sear_336_1_Fourree.jpg
-R-19-01 – Mn. AQUILLIUS Mn.f.Mn.n. (71 A.C.)FALSIFICACIÓN ANCIANA,
Denario Aserrado/dentado Forrado 19x17 mm 3.1 gr

Anv: Busto vestido y con yelmo de Virtus, viendo a derecha – ”VIRTVS” adelante y ”III VIR” detrás.
Es la primer aparición en la amonedación del título de Triunviro de un Monetario.
Rev: Guerrero (Mn. Aquillius, Cónsul en el 101 A.C.) de pié de frente, viendo a la derecha, portando un escudo y levantando la figura de Sicilia que está caída hacia la izquierda., "MN AQVIL” (MN en monograma),en campo derecho, "MN F MN N” (ambas MN en monograma),en campo izquierdo y ”SICIL” en el exergo.

Este denario refiere a los éxitos en Sicilia de Man. Aquillius (Cónsul en el 101 A.C.) y el excepcional valor demostrado por Este durante toda la guerra.

Ceca: Roma
Referencias: Sear RCTV Vol.1 #336 Pag.135 - Craw RRC #401/1 - Syd CRR #798 - BMCRR #3364-9 - RSC Vol.1 Aquillia 2 Pag.16
mdelvalle
octavian~1.jpg
001j. Octavian001j. Octavian
Great-nephew of Julius Caesar, who named him as heir in his will. Octavian used this de facto legitimacy to maneuver for power. In 43 BC he, Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidus formed the Second Triumvirate to defeat the assassins of Caesar. The Triumvirate began proscriptions in which over 2,000 (mostly wealthy) Romans were branded as traitors, deprived of their property, and either executed or driven into exile. This served both to eliminate enemies, and to fill the coffers of the three. Following their victory at the Battle of Philippi (42 BC), the Triumvirate divided the Roman Republic among themselves and ruled as de facto dictators. The Triumvirate collapsed, and Octavian and Antony eventually fell into all-out war. Primarily due to the military leadership of Agrippa, Octavian won the war, with the decisive victory at Actium in 31 BC. Although Octavian made displays of personal bravery on several occasions, he demonstrated little aptitude for generalship. Octavian then consolidated his power in Rome. A note on naming: he was born Gaius Octavius; after Julius Caesar's death, Octavian insisted on being called Caesar. It was primarily his opponents who continued to call him Octavian. It is now primarily a matter of convenience to use the name Octavian for him in the pre-Augustus period prior to 27 BC.

Coin: Summer 37 BC. AR Denarius (18.5mm, 3.68 g, 12h). Mint in southern or central Italy. Bare head right, wearing beard / Emblems of the augurate and pontificate: simpulum, aspergillum, guttus, and lituus. Crawford 538/1; CRI 312; Sydenham 1334; RSC 91; RBW 1826. From the Kalevala Collection. Ex Bacchus Collection (Heritage 61175, 25 October 2020), lot 97135. CNG Triton XXVII – Session 5, Lot 5665 (17 Jan 2024)
1 commentslawrence c
Aigina_turtle.jpg
002a, Aigina, Islands off Attica, Greece, c. 510 - 490 B.C.Silver stater, S 1849, SNG Cop 503, F, 12.231g, 22.3mm, Aigina (Aegina) mint, c. 510 - 490 B.C.; Obverse: sea turtle (with row of dots down the middle); Reverse: incuse square of “Union Jack” pattern; banker's mark obverse. Ex FORVM.


Greek Turtles, by Gary T. Anderson

Turtles, the archaic currency of Aegina, are among the most sought after of all ancient coins. Their early history is somewhat of a mystery. At one time historians debated whether they or the issuances of Lydia were the world's earliest coins. The source of this idea comes indirectly from the writings of Heracleides of Pontus, a fourth century BC Greek scholar. In the treatise Etymologicum, Orion quotes Heracleides as claiming that King Pheidon of Argos, who died no later than 650 BC, was the first to strike coins at Aegina. However, archeological investigations date the earliest turtles to about 550 BC, and historians now believe that this is when the first of these intriguing coins were stamped.

Aegina is a small, mountainous island in the Saronikon Gulf, about midway between Attica and the Peloponnese. In the sixth century BC it was perhaps the foremost of the Greek maritime powers, with trade routes throughout the eastern half of the Mediterranean. It is through contacts with Greeks in Asia Minor that the idea of coinage was probably introduced to Aegina. Either the Lydians or Greeks along the coast of present day Turkey were most likely the first to produce coins, back in the late seventh century. These consisted of lumps of a metal called electrum (a mixture of gold and silver) stamped with an official impression to guarantee the coin was of a certain weight. Aegina picked up on this idea and improved upon it by stamping coins of (relatively) pure silver instead electrum, which contained varying proportions of gold and silver. The image stamped on the coin of the mighty sea power was that of a sea turtle, an animal that was plentiful in the Aegean Sea. While rival cities of Athens and Corinth would soon begin limited manufacture of coins, it is the turtle that became the dominant currency of southern Greece. The reason for this is the shear number of coins produced, estimated to be ten thousand yearly for nearly seventy years. The source for the metal came from the rich silver mines of Siphnos, an island in the Aegean. Although Aegina was a formidable trading nation, the coins seemed to have meant for local use, as few have been found outside the Cyclades and Crete. So powerful was their lure, however, that an old proverb states, "Courage and wisdom are overcome by Turtles."

The Aeginean turtle bore a close likeness to that of its live counterpart, with a series of dots running down the center of its shell. The reverse of the coin bore the imprint of the punch used to force the face of the coin into the obverse turtle die. Originally this consisted of an eight-pronged punch that produced a pattern of eight triangles. Later, other variations on this were tried. In 480 BC, the coin received its first major redesign. Two extra pellets were added to the shell near the head of the turtle, a design not seen in nature. Also, the reverse punch mark was given a lopsided design.

Although turtles were produced in great quantities from 550 - 480 BC, after this time production dramatically declines. This may be due to the exhaustion of the silver mines on Siphnos, or it may be related to another historical event. In 480 BC, Aegina's archrival Athens defeated Xerxes and his Persian armies at Marathon. After this, it was Athens that became the predominant power in the region. Aegina and Athens fought a series of wars until 457 BC, when Aegina was conquered by its foe and stripped of its maritime rights. At this time the coin of Aegina changed its image from that of the sea turtle to that of the land tortoise, symbolizing its change in fortunes.

The Turtle was an object of desire in ancient times and has become so once again. It was the first coin produced in Europe, and was produced in such great quantities that thousands of Turtles still exist today. Their historical importance and ready availability make them one of the most desirable items in any ancient coin enthusiast's collection.

(Greek Turtles, by Gary T. Anderson .
1 commentsCleisthenes
pergamonaugustus_(1).png
002a2. AugustusAugustus
Pergamon, Mysia. AE 19. 98-117 AD.
21mm, 7.54 g. AYTOKΡATOΡA CEBACTON KAICAΡA, laureate head right / CEBACTON ΠEΡΓAMHNOI, tetrastyle temple with statue of Augustus within.
RPC 2356
lawrence c
2CrXTmC384gPtZ9JYce56FzdZ8pRzK.jpg
002d. Julia and Livia, Pergamon, MysiaBronze AE 18, RPC I 2359, SNG Cop 467, aF, weight 3.903 g, maximum diameter 18.3 mm, die axis 0o, Pergamon mint, obverse ΛIBIAN HPAN CAPINOΣ, draped bust of Livia right; reverse IOYΛIAN AΦPO∆ITHN, draped bust of Julia right; ex Forum, ex Malter Galleries

Julia was Augustus' only natural child, the daughter of his second wife Scribonia. She was born the same day that Octavian divorced Scribonia, to marry Livia.

Julia's tragic destiny was to serve as a pawn in her father's dynastic plans. At age two, she was betrothed to Mark Antony's ten-year-old son, but the fathers' hostility ended the engagement. At age 14, she was married to her cousin but he died two years later. In 21 B.C., Julia married Agrippa, nearly 25 years her elder, Augustus' most trusted general and friend. Augustus had been advised, "You have made him so great that he must either become your son-in-law or be slain." Agrippa died suddenly in 12 B.C. and Julia was married in 11 B.C. to Tiberius.

During her marriages to Agrippa and Tiberius Julia took lovers. In 2 B.C., Julia was arrested for adultery and treason. Augustus declared her marriage null and void. He also asserted in public that she had been plotting against his own life. Reluctant to execute her, Augustus had her exiled, with no men in sight, forbidden even to drink wine. Scribonia, Julia's mother, accompanied her into exile. Five years later, she was allowed to move to Rhegium but Augustus never forgave her. When Tiberius became emperor, he cut off her allowance and put her in solitary confinement in one room in her house. Within months she died from malnutrition.
ecoli
99101.jpg
007. Galba (68 AD - 69 AD)GALBA. 68-69 AD.

Galba had displayed talent and ambition during his lengthy career. He enjoyed distinguished ancestry, moved easily among the Julio-Claudian emperors (with the exception of Nero towards the end of his principate), and had been awarded the highest military and religious honors of ancient Rome. His qualifications for the principate cannot be questioned. Even so, history has been unkind to him. Tacitus characterized Galba as "weak and old," a man "equal to the imperial office, if he had never held it." To be sure, Galba's greatest mistake lay in his general handling of the military. His treatment of the army in Upper Germany was heedless, his policy towards the praetorians short sighted. Given the climate in 68-69, Galba was unrealistic in expecting disciplina without paying the promised rewards.

AR Denarius (18mm, 2.97 gm). Rome mint. Bare head right / Legend in three lines within oak wreath. RIC I 167; RSC 287. Ex-CNG
2 commentsecoli
RPC_I_2364_Plautius_Silvanus_y_Augusto_MYSIA_PERGAMON.jpg
0134.jpg
0134 - Nummus Constantine I 319-20 ACObv/ IMP CONSTANTIN-VS AVG, helmeted bust of C. l., cuirassed and with spear on r. shoulder.
Rev/ VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP, two Victories standing face to face, holding vota shield, with VOT / PR inscribed within; diamond mint mark inside altar, PLN in ex.

AE, 17.5 mm, 2.92 g
Mint: Londinium.
RIC VII/158 var. [S]
ex-Numismática Hinojosa, eBay jul 2011 - art. #280702971071
1 commentsdafnis
nerva_0.jpg
014a. NervaEmperor 18 September 96 – 27 January 98

Marcus Cocceius Nerva. Nerva was a long-serving court official and served as consul. He was 66 when Domitian was assassinated; it is unclear if he was involved in the conspiracy, although Cassius Dio claims that he was aware of it. The Senate quickly proclaimed Nerva as the new emperor. His support among the legions and the Praetorians was very weak, leading him to name Trajan (who was very popular with both) as Caesar. He died of natural causes in 98 AD. He was viewed as the first of the five "Excellent Emperors."

Coin: Denarius. 97 AD. Obv: IMP NERVA CAES AVG P M TR P COS II P P, laureate head right. Rev: CONCORDIA EXERCITVVM, clasped hands holding legionary eagle resting on prow. RIC 3, RSC 25. Triskeles Auction 25, Lot 336.
lawrence c
traj2.jpg
015a09. TrajanAR drachm. Bostra, Arabia. 17.3mm, 3.07 g. AD 113-114. Obv: AYTOKΡ KAIC NEΡ TΡAIAN CEB ΓEΡM, Laureate head right, slight drapery on left shoulder. Rev: ΔHMAΡX EX IC YΠAT ς, Arabia standing left, holding branch and bundle of cinnamon sticks, camel to left. Sydenham 184 (under Caesarea). A FORUM coin.lawrence c
Livia_Pergamon_R694.jpg
019 - LIVIA DRVSILLALivia

Livia Drusilla was the wife of the Roman emperor Augustus throughout his reign, as well as his adviser.


for obverse, reverse and coin details click here
shanxi
Julia_Pergamon_R694.jpg
021 - IVLIAJulia

Julia the Elder, known to her contemporaries as Julia Caesaris filia or Julia Augusti filia was the daughter of Augustus, and his second wife, Scribonia.


for obverse, reverse and coin details click here
shanxi
pertinax.jpg
022a. PertinaxEmperor 1 January -- 28 March 193

Son of a freed slave; he was a soldier who rose through the ranks. He was consul in Rome when Commodus was killed. Pertinax was selected emperor, and he tried to restore the financial condition of the Empire. His economies led to unrest among the Praetorians, and he was killed by mutinous soldiers.

Coin: Denarius. Rome. 17mm, 2.71 g. Obv: IMP CAES P HELV PERTIN AVG. Laureate head right. Rev: LAETITIA TEMPOR COS II. Laetitia standing left, holding wreath and sceptre. RIC 4a.
lawrence c
normal_pertinax~0.jpg
022a02. PertinaxAR denarius. Alexandria Mint. Obv: IMP CAES P HELV PERTIN AVG Laureate head right. Rev: OPI DIVIN TR P COS II, Ops seated left, holding two corn ears, left hand on top of throne. RIC 8a, RSC 33a.

NOTE: Emperor 1 January -- 28 March 193. Son of a freed slave; he was a soldier who rose through the ranks. He was consul in Rome when Commodus was killed. Pertinax was selected emperor, and he tried to restore the financial condition of the Empire. His economies led to unrest among the Praetorians, and he was killed by mutinous soldiers.
lawrence c
Traianus_AR-Den_IMP-TRAIANO-AVG-GER-DAC-PMTRP_COS-V-PP-SPQR-OPTIMO-PRINC_RIC-142_Q-001_axis-h_0,00mm_3_27g-s.jpg
027 Traianus (98-117 A.D.), Rome, RIC II 0142, AR-Denarius, COS V P P S P Q R OPTIMO PRINC, Arabia, #1027 Traianus (98-117 A.D.), Rome, RIC II 0142, AR-Denarius, COS V P P S P Q R OPTIMO PRINC, Arabia, #1
avers: IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P, Laureate head right.
reverse: COS V P P S P Q R OPTIMO PRINC, Arabia standing left, holding branch and cinnamon sticks; ostrich to left.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 18,5mm, weight:3,27g, axis: h,
mint: Rome, date: 106 A.D.,
ref: RIC II 142, p253, C 89,
Q-001
quadrans
V_Istvan_((1245)1270-1272_A_D_)_U-258_C1-_H-345_Q-001_h_9,3mm_0,19g-s.jpg
028 Károly Róbert., (Charles Robert of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1307-1342 A.D.), H-345(István V.), CNH I.-, U-258(István V.), AR-Denarius, #01028 Károly Róbert., (Charles Robert of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1307-1342 A.D.), H-345(István V.), CNH I.-, U-258(István V.), AR-Denarius, #01
avers: Crowned bust facing, holding orb and scepter, the border of dots.
reverse: Three lilies on shield amongst three lilies, the border of dots.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 9,3mm, weight: 0,19g, axis: 0h,
mint: , date: 1307-1342 A.D., ref: Huszár-345(István V.), CNH I.-, Unger-258(István V.), Homan-Num.Közl. XV,1, Toth 1.12.1.1., R!
Q-001

Homan-Num.Közl. XV,1. He put this coin to István V., (Stephen V.), King of Hungary, ((1245)1270-1272 A.D.).
Later Toth put to Charles Robert of Anjou.
1 commentsquadrans
Lodovicus-I__U-432-c-var_C2-89A_H-547_MOnETA-LODOVICI_REGIS-hVnGARIE_Q-001_13,5mm_0,42g-s.jpg
029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432-c.-var., #01029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432-c.-var., #01
avers: ✠ mOnЄTA LODOVICI, Saracen's head left, no internal (line) border, border of dots.
reverse: ✠ RЄGIS hVnGARIЄ, Patriarchal crosses with dots in each corner, amongst emission-marks (P--), border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: P/-//-- This mint mark was struck by Peter Chimle (by Pohl), diameter: 13,5mm, weight: 0,42g, axis: h,
mint: Hungary, Unknown mint (by Pohl), date: 1373-1375 A.D.(by Pohl), ref: Unger-432-c-var., CNH-2-089A, Huszár-547, Pohl-89-08-var,
Q-001
quadrans
Lodovicus-I_U-432-a_C2-89A_H-547_MOnETA-LODOVICI_REGIS-hVnGARIE_Q-001_15mm_0,49g-s.jpg
029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432a, #01029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432a, #01
avers: ✠ mOnЄTA LODOVICI, Saracen's head left, no internal (line) border, border of dots.
reverse: ✠ RЄGIS hVnGARIЄ, Patriarchal cross with dots each corner, amongst emission-marks (---), border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: -/-//-- Without mint mark was struck by Johannes Saracenus (by Pohl), diameter: 15,0mm, weight: 0,49g, axis: h,
mint: Hungary, Pécs (by Pohl), date: 1373-1382A.D.(by Pohl), ref: Unger-432a, CNH-2-089A, Huszár-547, Pohl-89-01,
Q-001
quadrans
Lodovicus-I__U-432-a_C2-89A_H-547_MOnETA-LODOVICI_REGIS-hVnGARIE_Q-003_15mm_0,53g-s.jpg
029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432a, #03029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432a, #03
avers: ✠ mOnЄTA LODOVICI, Saracen's head left, no internal (line) border, border of dots.
reverse: ✠ RЄGIS hVnGARIЄ, Patriarchal cross with dots each corner, amongst emission-marks (---), border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: -/-//-- Without mint mark was struck by Johannes Saracenus (by Pohl), diameter: 15,0mm, weight: 0,53g, axis: h,
mint: Hungary, Pécs (by Pohl), date: 1373-1382A.D.(by Pohl), ref: Unger-432a, CNH-2-089A, Huszár-547, Pohl-89-01,
Q-003
quadrans
Lodovicus-I__U-432-a-var_C2-89A_H-547_MOnETA-LODOVICI_REGIS-hVnGARIE_Q-001_14,5mm_0,54g-s.jpg
029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432a-var1., #01029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432a-var1., #01
avers: ✠ MOnЄTA LODOVICI, Saracen's head left, no internal (line) border, border of dots. Dot middle on the face.
reverse: ✠ RЄGIS hVnGARIЄ, Patriarchal cross, amongst emission-marks (---), border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: -/-//-- Without mint mark was struck by Johannes Saracenus (by Pohl), diameter: mm, weight: g, axis: h,
mint: Hungary, Pécs (by Pohl), date: 1373-1382A.D.(by Pohl), ref: Unger-432a-var1., CNH-2-089A, Huszár-547, Pohl-89-01,
Q-001
quadrans
Lodovicus-I__U-432-a-var-2_C2-89A_H-547_MOnETA-LODOVICI_REGIS-hVnGARIE_Q-001_14mm_0,41g-s.jpg
029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432a.var2, #01029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432a.var2, #01
avers: ✠ MOnЄTA LODOVICI, Saracen's head left, no internal (line) border, border of dots.
reverse: ✠ RЄGIS hVnGARIЄ, Patriarchal cross, amongst emission-marks (---), border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: -/-//-- Without mint mark was struck by Johannes Saracenus (by Pohl), diameter: mm, weight: g, axis: h,
mint: Hungary, Pécs (by Pohl), date: 1373-1382A.D.(by Pohl), ref: Unger-432a-var2., CNH-2-089A, Huszár-547, Pohl-89-01,
Q-001
quadrans
Lodovicus-I__U-432-a-var3_C2-89A_H-547_MOnETA-LODOVICI_REGIS-hVnGARIE_Q-001_15mm_0,56g-s.jpg
029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432a.var3, #01029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432a.var3, #01
avers: ✠ MOnЄTA LODOVICI, Saracen's head left, no internal (line) border, border of dots. Polka dot pattern in headscarves and neck.
reverse: ✠ RЄGIS hVnGARIЄ, Patriarchal cross with dots each corner, amongst emission-marks (---), border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: -/-//-- Without mint mark was struck by Johannes Saracenus (by Pohl), diameter: mm, weight: g, axis: h,
mint: Hungary, Pécs (by Pohl), date: 1373-1382A.D.(by Pohl), ref: Unger-432a-var3., CNH-2-089A, Huszár-547, Pohl-89-01,
Q-001
quadrans
Lodovicus-I__U-432-b_C2-89A_H-547_MOnETA-LODOVICI_REGIS-hVnGARIE_Q-001_14mm_0,52g-s.jpg
029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432b, #01029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432b, #01
avers: ✠ mOnЄTA LODOVICI, Saracen's head left, no internal (line) border, border of dots. Dot in the middle of the face.
reverse: ✠ RЄGIS hVnGARIЄ, Patriarchal cross with dots each corner, amongst emission-marks (L-S), border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: L/S//--, diameter: 14,0mm, weight: 0,52g, axis: h,
mint: Hungary, Unknown mint (by Pohl), date: 1373-1382A.D.(by Pohl), ref: Unger-432k, CNH-2-089A, Huszár-547, Pohl-89-10,
Q-001
quadrans
Lodovicus-I__U-432-c_C2-89A_H-547_MOnETA-LODOVICI_REGIS-hVnGARIE_Q-001_15mm_0,51g-s.jpg
029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432c, #01029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432c, #01
avers: ✠ mOnЄTA LODOVICI, Saracen's head left, no internal (line) border, border of dots.
reverse: ✠ RЄGIS hVnGARIЄ, Patriarchal cross with dots each corner, amongst emission-marks (--P), border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: -/P//-- This mint mark was struck 1373-1375 by Peter Chimle (by Pohl), diameter: 14,0mm, weight: 0,52g, axis: h,
mint: Hungary, Unknown mint (by Pohl), date: 1373-1382A.D.(by Pohl), ref: Unger-432c, CNH-2-089A, Huszár-547, Pohl-89-08,
Q-001
quadrans
Lodovicus-I__U-432-c_C2-89A_H-547_MOnETA-LODOVICI_REGIS-hVnGARIE_Q-002_14mm_0,54g-s.jpg
029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432c, #02029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432c, #02
avers: ✠ mOnЄTA LODOVICI, Saracen's head left, no internal (line) border, border of dots.
reverse: ✠ RЄGIS hVnGARIЄ, Patriarchal cross with dots each corner, amongst emission-marks (--P), border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: -/P//-- This mint mark was struck 1373-1375 by Peter Chimle (by Pohl), diameter: 14,0mm, weight: 0,54g, axis: h,
mint: Hungary, Unknown mint (by Pohl), date: 1373-1382A.D.(by Pohl), ref: Unger-432c, CNH-2-089A, Huszár-547, Pohl-89-08,
Q-002
quadrans
Lodovicus-I__U-432-d_C2-89A_H-547_MOnETA-LODOVICI_REGIS-hVnGARIE_Q-001_14mm_0,46g-s.jpg
029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432d, #01029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432d, #01
avers: ✠ mOnЄTA LODOVICI, Saracen's head left, no internal (line) border, border of dots.
reverse: ✠ RЄGIS hVnGARIЄ, Patriarchal crosses with dots in each corner, amongst emission-marks (Lily-S), border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: Lily/S//--, diameter: 14,0mm, weight: 0,46g, axis: h,
mint: Hungary, Szomolnok (Schmöllnitz, now Smolnik Slovakia by Pohl), date: 1373-1382A.D.(by Pohl), ref: Unger-432d, CNH-2-089A, Huszár-547, Pohl-89-09,
Q-001
quadrans
Lodovicus-I__U-432-fvar_C2-89A_H-547_MOnETA-LODOVICI_REGIS-hVnGARIE_Q-001_14mm_0,46g-s.jpg
029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432f.-var, #01029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432f.-var, #01
avers: ✠ mOnЄTA LODOVICI, Saracen's head left, no internal (line) border, border of dots.
reverse: ✠ RЄGIS hVnGARIЄ, Patriarchal cross with dots each corner, amongst emission-marks (Lily-Lily in middle), border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: Lily/Lily//--, diameter: 14,0mm, weight: 0,46g, axis: h,
mint: Hungary, Kassa (Kaschau, nowadays Kosice by Pohl), date: 1373-1382A.D.(by Pohl), ref: Unger-432f, CNH-2-089A, Huszár-547, Pohl-89-03,
Q-001
quadrans
Lodovicus-I__U-432-g_C2-89A_H-547_MOnETA-LODOVICI_REGIS-hVnGARIE_Q-001_14mm_0,49g-s.jpg
029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432g, #01029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432g, #01
avers: ✠ mOnЄTA LODOVICI, Saracen's head left, no internal (line) border, border of dots.
reverse: ✠ RЄGIS hVnGARIЄ, Patriarchal cross with dots in each corner, amongst emission-marks (*-* in middle), border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: */*//--, diameter: 14,0mm, weight: 0,49g, axis: h,
mint: Hungary, Nagybánya (now Baia Mare, Romania by Pohl), date: 1373-1382A.D.(by Pohl), ref: Unger-432g, CNH-2-089A, Huszár-547, Pohl-89-04,
Q-001
quadrans
Lodovicus-I__U-432-g_C2-89A_H-547_MOnETA-LODOVICI_REGIS-hVnGARIE_Q-002_13mm_0,45g-s.jpg
029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432g, #02029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432g, #02
avers: ✠ mOnЄTA LODOVICI, Saracen's head left, no internal (line) border, border of dots.
reverse: ✠ RЄGIS hVnGARIЄ, Patriarchal cross with dots each corner, amongst emission-marks (*-* in middle), border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: */*//--, diameter: 13,0mm, weight: 0,45g, axis: h,
mint: Hungary, Nagybánya (now Baia Mare, Romania by Pohl), date: 1373-1382A.D.(by Pohl), ref: Unger-432g, CNH-2-089A, Huszár-547, Pohl-89-04,
Q-002
quadrans
Lodovicus-I__U-432-i_C2-89A_H-547_MOnETA-LODOVICI_REGIS-hVnGARIE_Q-001_14mm_0,46g-s.jpg
029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432i, #01029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432i, #01
avers: ✠ MOnЄTA LODOVICI, Saracen's head left, no internal (line) border, border of dots. One-one dot beside of the neck.
reverse: ✠ RЄGIS hVnGARIЄ, Patriarchal cross with dots each corner, amongst emission-marks (---), border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: •/•//-- (in avers !), diameter: mm, weight: g, axis: h,
mint: Hungary, Pécs (by Pohl), date: 1373-1382A.D.(by Pohl), ref: Unger-432i, CNH-2-089A, Huszár-547, Pohl-89-07,
Q-001
quadrans
Lodovicus-I__U-432-j_C2-89A_H-547_MOnETA-LODOVICI_REGIS-hVnGARIE_Q-001_14mm_0,47g-s.jpg
029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432j, #01029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Denarius, U-432j, #01
avers: ✠ MOnЄTA LODOVICI, Saracen's head left, no internal (line) border, border of dots.
reverse: ✠ RЄGIS hVnGARIЄ, Patriarchal cross with dots each corner, amongst emission-marks (leaf-leaf below), border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: leaf/leaf//--(below), diameter: mm, weight: g, axis: h,
mint: Hungary, , date: 1373-1382A.D.(by Pohl), ref: Unger-432j, CNH-2-089A, Huszár-547, Pohl-89-11,
Q-001
quadrans
030__Lajos_I__AR-Gross,_U-413d,_C2-68,_H-522,_1359-64_AD_Q-001_h,_28,0mm,_g-s.jpg
029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Gross, U-413-e, #01029 Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Gross, U-413-e, #01
avers: ✠ LODOVICVS DЄI GRACIA RЄX hVnGARIЄ; king enthroned, facing, on the gothic throne in circle of dots, holding sceptre and orb, mint-mark below or by the throne; border of dots. The Saracen's head between the legs under.
reverse: ✠ DALMACIЄ : CROACIЄ : ЄTC; Anjou-Hungarian shield in circle of dots, amongst six arches, no mint-mark above the shield, emission-marks around the arches; border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: Saracen's head, were struck by Jacobus Saracenus (by Pohl), diameter: 28,0mm, weight: g, axis: h,
mint: Hungary, Pécs/Syrmien (by Pohl), date: 1359-1364 A.D. (by Pohl), ref: Unger-413-e, CNH-2-068, Huszár-522, Pohl-59-4-a.,
Q-001



Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou
1 commentsquadrans
Buda_Denar-Lodovicus-I_(1342-1382AD)_U--_C2-100_H-509_Pohl-108_Shield_mOnETA-BVDEnSIUm_1350AD_Q-001_7h_11,5mm_0,25g-s.jpg
029a City Coin Buda with Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Buda Denar, Pohl-108, #01 Very Rare!!!029a City Coin Buda with Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Buda Denar, Pohl-108, #01 Very Rare!!!
avers: No Legend, Hungarian-Anju shield amongst three arches, lilies between the arches; border of dots, without mint-mark.
reverse: ✠ mOnЄTA BVDЄnSIVm (left to right), large "L", border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: -/-//--, diameter: 11,5mm, weight: 0,25g, axis: 7h,
mint: Hungary, City coin Buda, date: 1350 A.D.(by Pohl), ref: Unger---, CNH-2-100, Huszár-509, Pohl-108,
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
Lodovicus-I_(1342-1382AD)_U--_C2-106_H-561_Pohl-097_LODOVICI_RVnGARIE_mOnETA-RVSSIE_Kopicki-3063(R5)-370-82_AD-Q-001_0h_18,2-19,7mm_1,03g-s.jpg
029b Provincial Coin Russia with Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Scherf, Pohl-097, #01 Very Rare!!!029b Provincial Coin Russia with Lajos I. -Nagy Lajos-, (Lodovicus I. (the great) of Anjou, Angevin)., King of Hungary, (1342-1382 A.D.) AR-Scherf, Pohl-097, #01 Very Rare!!!
avers: ✠ LODVICI ° RVnGARIЄ °, Large "L" amongst circles in quatrefoil, border of dots.
reverse: ✠ mOnЄTA : RVSSIЄ : (SS are reverse), lion standing left in a circle of dots; border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: -/-//--, diameter: 18,2-19,7mm, weight: 1,03g, axis: 0h,
mint: Hungary, Provincial Coin, Russia, date: 1370-1382 A.D.(by Pohl), ref: Unger---, CNH-2-106, Huszár-561, Pohl-097, Kopicki-3063 (R5),
Q-001
quadrans
034_Ulaszlo_I__(1440-1444_A_D_),_AR-Denar,_H-598,_C2-149A,_U-469_a,_P-135-1,_m_WLADIS-LAI_REGIS,_Q-001,_7h,_12-13,5mm,_0,37g-s.jpg
035 Ulászló I. (Wladislas I.)., King of Hungary, (1440-1444 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-598, C2-149A, U-469a.var., P-135-1, #01035 Ulászló I. (Wladislas I.)., King of Hungary, (1440-1444 A.D.) AR Denarius, H-598, C2-149A, U-469a.var., P-135-1, #01
avers: ✠m•WLADIS LAI•RЄGIS, Patriarchal cross, mint-mark on each side; border of dots.
reverse: ✠ amongst three arches, three shields in the arches (Hungarian stripes, Polish eagle, Lithuanian knight); (var.-three dots (•) beside each shield) border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: A/P//--, diameter: 12,0-13,5mm, weight: 0,37g, axis: 7h,
mint: Hungary, Asólendva, (Lendava, today Slovenia, by Pohl) by Paulus Bánfi, date:1441 A.D.( by Pohl),
ref: Huszár-598, CNH-2-149A, Unger-469-a.var., Pohl-135-01,
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
Ulaszlo-I__(1440-1444_AD)_AR-Denar_U-469_c-C2-149A_H-598_m_WLADIS-LAI_REGIS_Q-001_6h_13,5mm_0,67g-s.jpg
035 Ulászló I. (Wladislas I.)., King of Hungary, (1440-1444 A.D.) AR Denarius, U-469-c., #01035 Ulászló I. (Wladislas I.)., King of Hungary, (1440-1444 A.D.) AR Denarius, U-469-c., #01
avers: ✠m•WLADIS LAI•RЄGIS, Patriarchal cross, mint-mark on each side; border of dots.
reverse: ✠ amongst three arches, three shields in the arches (Hungarian stripes, Polish eagle, Lithuanian knight); border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: B/*/n//--, diameter: 13,5mm, weight: 0,67g, axis:6h,
mint: Hungary, Buda, (by Pohl), date:1440 A.D.( by Pohl), ref: Unger-469-c., CNH-2-149A, Huszár-598, Pohl-135-02,
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
Ulaszlo-I__(1440-1444_AD)_AR-Denar_U-469_c_C2-149A_H-598_m_WLADIS-LAI_REGIS_Err-coin_Q-001_10h_13-15mm_0,51g-s.jpg
035 Ulászló I. (Wladislas I.)., King of Hungary, (1440-1444 A.D.) AR Denarius, U-469-c., Error coin, double strike both side, reverse on the avers !!!, #02 035 Ulászló I. (Wladislas I.)., King of Hungary, (1440-1444 A.D.) AR Denarius, U-469-c., Error coin, double strike both side, reverse on the avers !!!, #02
avers: ✠m•WLADIS LAI•RЄGIS, Patriarchal cross, mint-mark on each side; border of dots.
reverse: ✠ amongst three arches, three shields in the arches (Hungarian stripes, Polish eagle, Lithuanian knight); border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: B/*/n//--, diameter: 13-15mm, weight: 0,51g, axis: 10h,
mint: Hungary, Buda, (by Pohl), date:1440 A.D.( by Pohl), ref: Unger-469-c., CNH-2-149A, Huszár-598, Pohl-135-02,
Q-002
quadrans
Ulaszlo-I__(1440-1444_AD)_AR-Denar_U-469_f-C2-149A_H-598_m_WLADIS-LAI_REGIS_Q-001_h_mm_ga-s.jpg
035 Ulászló I. (Wladislas I.)., King of Hungary, (1440-1444 A.D.) AR Denarius, U-469-f., #01035 Ulászló I. (Wladislas I.)., King of Hungary, (1440-1444 A.D.) AR Denarius, U-469-f., #01
avers: ✠m•WLADIS LAI•RЄGIS, Patriarchal cross, mint-mark on each side; border of dots.
reverse: ✠ amongst three arches, three shields in the arches (Hungarian stripes, Polish eagle, Lithuanian knight); border of dots.
exergue, mint mark: G/B//--, diameter: mm, weight: g, axis: h,
mint: Hungary, Keve, (Cuvin, today Romania, by Pohl), date:1441 A.D.( by Pohl), ref: Unger-469-f., CNH-2-149A, Huszár-598, Pohl-135-06,
Q-001
quadrans
038_Laszlo-V_(Ladislaus_V_)_Throne_require_(1440-1453),_Denar,_H-643,_C2-201A,_U-494_f_,_P-150-15,_1442_AD,_Q-001,_1h,_12,5mm,_0,36g-s.jpg
038 László V. “Posthumous” (Ladislaus V.) as Throne Require of Hungary, (1440-1453 A.D.), AR Denarius, H-643.var., C2-201A.var., U-494.f.var., P-150-15, Rare!038 László V. “Posthumous” (Ladislaus V.) as Throne Require of Hungary, (1440-1453 A.D.), AR Denarius, H-643.var., C2-201A.var., U-494.f.var., P-150-15, Rare!
avers: •m•LADISLA(I R•VnGARIE), Patriarchal cross in the circle, mint-mark S-D, on each side, the border of dots.
reverse: Hungarian shield with stripes, amongst three arches, three shields in the arches (Austrian band, Moravian eagle, Czech lion), a small circle between the shields!
exergue, mint mark: S/D//-- were struck by "Civitas" Town coin, (by Pohl), diameter: 12,5mm, weight: 0,36g, axis: 1h,
mint: Hungary, Szomolnok, (Schmölnitz, by Pohl, today in Slovakia, Smolnik), date:1442 A.D. (by Pohl),
ref: Huszár-643var. (reverse!), CNH2-201A.var., Unger-494.f.var., Pohl-150-15, Rare!
Q-001
The piece was cut around, at that used time.
1 commentsquadrans
Pergamon.jpg
0383 Pergamon - AE 21c. 2nd century BC
head of Athena right wearing Corinthian helmet
trophy
AΘHNAΣ / NIKHΦOPOY
ΠEPΓ ?
Sear 3960; SNGCop 393ff, SNGvA 1374
5,6g 20mm
J. B.
041_Commodus_(177-192_A_D_),_AE-30___KOMMODOC___CTPDIO(L_orA)__IOEPGAMHON,_Q-001_6h_30,0mm_11,24g-s~0.jpg
041bp Commodus (166-180 A.D. as Caesar, 180-192 A.D. as Augustus), Mysia, Pergamon, Weisser 1110, Diodorus, strategus, EΠI CTRΑ-ΔIOΔOPΩV_ΠEPΓAMH/ΝΩN, Asclepius seated left, 041bp Commodus (166-180 A.D. as Caesar, 180-192 A.D. as Augustus), Mysia, Pergamon, Weisser 1110, Diodorus, strategus, Asia: Conventus of Pergamum; Mysia, EΠI-CTRΑ-ΔIOΔOPΩV_ΠEPΓAMH/ΝΩN, Asclepius seated left, holding patera feeding serpent,
avers:- AV-KA-AVP-ΚΟMOΔOC, Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
revers:- EΠI-CTRΑ-ΔIOΔOPΩV_ΠEPΓAMH/ΝΩN, Asclepius seated, left, feeding serpent from patera, holding staff.
exe: -/-//--, diameter: 30mm, weight: 11,24g, axis: 6h,
mint: Pergamum; Asia: Conventus of Pergamum; Mysia, date: 182-184 A.D., ref: Weisser 1110,
Q-001
quadrans
RI_044ae_img.jpg
044 - Hadrian Denarius - RIC -Obv:- HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS P P, laureate bust right
Rev:- COS III, Genius, draped at waist, standing left, holding patera and cornucopia, no altar
Minted in eastern mint.

Additional information from Curtis Clay:-

"I don't doubt the Genius coin is Eastern, though I don't find that obv. die among the many illustrated by Strack.

The letter forms are typical, for example P P at end of obv. legend tending to look like I I, and the slanting S of COS on the reverse. The slightly clumsy style of the types is also typical.

As you say,the Roman model showed an altar before the Genius. Eastern specimens are known accurately copying that type, with altar, Strack *31. ....... Yours is a new variant, with altar omitted. "
2 commentsmaridvnvm
07_2__Salamon_,_(Solomon_),_King_of_Hungary,_(1063-1074_A_D_),_AR-Denarius,_CC_I__07_1_1_2_-b3_01-14_,_H-14,_CNH_I_-19,_U-8,_Q-001,_3h,_16,9mm,_0,70g-sk.jpg
07.1. Salamon., (Solomon ), King of Hungary, (1063-1074 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 07.1./b3.01./14., with the 7.1.2./1 reverse, H-014, CNH I.-019, U-008, + VDVNNONENI and/or + ΛPΛNNONENI, (retrograde), Rare #0107.1. Salamon., (Solomon ), King of Hungary, (1063-1074 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 07.1./b3.01./14., with the 7.1.2./1. reverse, H-014, CNH I.-019, U-008, + VDVNNONENI and/or + ΛPΛNNONENI, (retrograde!), Rare #01
avers: + S ALOM ONI RE X, King standing to face, raising both hands, line border.
reverse: + VDVNNONENI and/or + ΛPΛNNONENI, (retrograde!!) Cross in a circle with wedges in the angles, line border.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,9mm, weight: 0,70g, axis: 3h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár-014, CNH I.-019, Unger-008,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: 07.1./b3.01./14., with the 7.1.2./1. reverse, sigla: three wedges (b3) the arrows shows that.
Q-001
quadrans
07_2__Salamon_2C_28Solomon_292C_King_of_Hungary2C_281063-1074_A_D_292C_AR-Denarius2C_CC_I__07_1_1_3_-a2_01-05_2C_H-142C_CNH_I_-192C_U-82C_Q-0012C_6h2C_162C5-17mm2C_02C65g-sk.jpg
07.1. Salamon., (Solomon ), King of Hungary, (1063-1074 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 07.1.1.3./a2.01./05., (07.1. with the 7.1.2./2. reverse), H-, CNH I.-, U-, + VDVNNONENI and/or + ΛPΛNNONENI, (retrograde!), #0107.1. Salamon., (Solomon ), King of Hungary, (1063-1074 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 07.1.1.3./a2.01./05., (07.1. with the 7.1.2./2. reverse), H-, CNH I.-, U-, + VDVNNONENI and/or + ΛPΛNNONENI, (retrograde!), #01
avers: + S ALOM ONI RE X, King standing to face, raising both hands, line border.
reverse: + VDVNNONENI and/or + ΛPΛNNONENI, (retrograde!!) Cross in a circle with wedges in the angles, line border.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,9mm, weight: 0,70g, axis: 3h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár-, CNH I.-, Unger-,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpádian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: 07.1.1.3./a2.01./05., (07.1. with the 7.1.2./2. reverse), sigla: two dots (a2) on both side of the neck, the arrows show that.
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
Salamon_(1063-1074_AD)_AR-Denar_U-009_C1-020_H-015_Q-001_h_mm_g-s.jpg
07.3. Salamon., (Solomon ), King of Hungary, (1063-1074 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 07.3./a1.04./05., H-015, CNH I.-020, U-009, + PANONIA TERA, #0107.3. Salamon., (Solomon ), King of Hungary, (1063-1074 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 07.3./a1.04./05., H-015, CNH I.-020, U-009, + PANONIA TERA, #01
avers: + S ALOM ONI RE X, King standing to face, raising both hands, line border.
reverse: + PANONIA TERA, Cross in a circle with wedges in the angles, line border.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: mm, weight: g, axis: h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár-015, CNH I.-020, Unger-009,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: 07.3./a1.04./05.,
Q-001
quadrans
Salamon_U-10_C1-22_H-17_Q-001_10h_17,0mm_0,56ga-s.jpg
07.5. Salamon., (Solomon ), King of Hungary, (1063-1074 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 07.5./b3f1.01/71., H-017, CNH I.-022, U-010, + PA/NON/IA, #0107.5. Salamon., (Solomon ), King of Hungary, (1063-1074 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 07.5./b3f1.01/71., H-017, CNH I.-022, U-010, + PA/NON/IA, #01
avers: + REX SALOMONI, Crowned bust facing, holding a cross, in a circle of dots, the border of dots.
reverse: + PA/NON/IA in three lines, line border.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 17,0 mm, weight: 0,56 g, axis: 10 h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár-017, CNH I.-022, Unger-010,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: 07.5./b3f1.01/71.,
Q-001
quadrans
07_5__Salamon_,_(Solomon_),_King_of_Hungary,_(1063-1074_A_D_),_AR-Denarius,_CC_I__07_5_2_-b1_03-14_,_H-,_CNH_I_-,_U-,_Q-001,_6h,_16-16,4mm,_0,50g-sa.jpg
07.5.2. Salamon., (Solomon ), King of Hungary, (1063-1074 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 07.5.2./b1.03./14., H-, CNH I.-, U-, + PA/NON/IA, #0107.5.2. Salamon., (Solomon ), King of Hungary, (1063-1074 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 07.5.2./b1.03./14., H-, CNH I.-, U-, + PA/NON/IA, #01
avers: + REX ϩALOMONI, Crowned bust facing, holding a cross, in a circle of dots, the border of dots.
reverse: + PA/NON/IA in three lines, line border.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 16,0-16,4mm, weight: 0,50g, axis:6h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár-, CNH I.-, Unger-,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: 07.5.2./b1.03./14., (Sigla: one wedge (b1), the arrow shows).
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
normal_diocletian~0.jpg
073a. DiocletianAugustus/Co-Augustus 284-305

Dalmatian who rose to power by defeating Carinus. Established the Tetrarchy, a system of two emperors and two caesars. Although perhaps logical in theory, it faced problems relatively quickly. The machinations involving the power struggles among the augusti and caesars are much too complicated to give a thumbnail sketch, but began soon after the creation of the system and led to its collapse. Diocletian ruled the East with his capital at Nicomedia. He associated himself with Jupiter and tried to stamp out Christianity. He retired in 305 to his villa in what is now Split, Croatia, and lived until about 316.

Coin: BI Nummus. Lugdunum, AD 301-303. IMP DIOCLETIANVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust to left / GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius, wearing modius, standing to left before lighted altar, holding patera and cornucopia; B in right field, PLC in exergue. RIC VI 113a. 8.75g, 27mm. From the Rauceby Hoard, found in Lincolnshire, July 2017.. PAS ID: LIN-F6D516. BM Ref: 2017 T649. Roma Numismatics Auc 102, Lot 1155 (Nov 2022)

NOTE [Courtesy of Roma Numismatics]: Part of a hoard found in Lincolnshire in July 2017 by a metal detectorist. An archaeological excavation of the site subsequently took place on 25th July. The coins were found in a ceramic vessel which was buried in the centre of a large oval pit lined with rough quarried limestone. The pot appears to have been placed on the limestone base and then further pieces of limestone were packed around it all the way up to the top of the pit. Dr Adam Daubney, the finds liaison officer, has argued that this careful burial method suggests the pot may have been a ceremonial or votive offering and hence may be evidence of so-called 'ritual' hoarding in Roman Britain. The coins found were predominantly billon nummi dating from between AD 294 and 307-8, and is the largest fully recorded Roman find from this period in Britain.
1 commentslawrence c
constant6.png
083a21. Constantine IAE Follis. 17mm, 2.49 g. London mint. 319-320 AD. Obv: IMP CONSTANTINVS AG, helmeted, cuirassed bust left, spear over far shoulder. Rev: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP, two Victories standing facing holding shield inscribed VOT PR on altar decorated with diamond (Helv. 2a). Mintmark PLN. RIC VII London 159lawrence c
RI_089q_img.jpg
089 - Philip I Antoninianus - RIC -Antoninianus
Obv:– IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG, Radiate, draped, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– AEQVITAS AVG, Aequitas standing left, holding scales and cornucopia
Minted in Antioch. A.D. 247
Reference:– RIC -; RSC -; Cohen 8; Tulln Hoard 894

This coin bears the unusual reverse ending in AVG instead of AVGG. Cohen listed this legend, but RIC and RSC cite this as erroneous. But both legend varieties are now known.

The issues from Antioch wich ending on reverse with AVG are scarce among Philip's coinages.

Uneven strike.
maridvnvm
RI_089t_img.jpg
089 - Philip I Antoninianus - RIC -Antoninianus
Obv:– IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG, Radiate, draped, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– AEQVITAS AVG, Aequitas standing left, holding scales and cornucopia
Minted in Antioch. A.D. 247
Reference:– RIC -; RSC -; Cohen 8; Tulln Hoard 894


3.73g, 22.32mm, 0o

This coin bears the unusual reverse ending in AVG instead of AVGG. Cohen listed this legend, but RIC and RSC cite this as erroneous. But both legend varieties are now known.

The issues from Antioch wich ending on reverse with AVG are scarce among Philip's coinages.
maridvnvm
victorituts.jpg
095/1a VictoriatusAnonymous. 211-208B.C. AR Victoriatus. Uncertain Mint. (2.74g, 16mm, 12h). Obv: Laureate head of Jupiter right. Rev: Victory standing right, crowing trophy; VB monogram between. Crawford 95/1a. Sydenham 113, RSC 36m.

An interesting denomination, he Victoriatus circulated at the same time as the denarius but was made of debased silver and could have been valued at ¾ a denarius. It was hoarded separately from denarii, and could have been used for trade in southern Italy among the Greek colonies. It was later remade into the Quninarri keeping the victory motif from the old Victoriatus.
1 commentsLucas H
normal_valentinian1a~0.jpg
099a. Valentinian I Western Augustus February 364-November 375.

Pannonian. Chosen after debate among army officers. He re-split empire with his brother Valens, who took charge of the East. Valentinian ruled from Mediolanum (Milan). Fought a series of wars against barbarians. Died of stroke while negotiating with barbarians.

Coin: AE3. 18mm, 2.38 g. Siscia mint. 367-375 AD. Obv: DN VALENTINI-ANVS PF AVG, pearl diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right. Rev: GLORIA RO-MANORVM, Emperor in military dress, walking right, head left, holding labarum, dragging captive behind him. Left field: Q. Right field: K over P. Mintmark: BSISCV. RIC IX Siscia 14a, type xxix.
lawrence c
Tituria1DenSabines.jpg
0a Abduction of the SabinesL Titurius Sabinus, moneyer
90-85 BC

Head of Tativs, right, SABIN behind
Two Roman soldiers bearing women

Seaby, Tituria 1

When the hour for the games had come, and their eyes and minds were alike riveted on the spectacle before them, the preconcerted signal was given and the Roman youth dashed in all directions to carry off the [Sabine] maidens who were present. The larger part were carried off indiscriminately, but some particularly beautiful girls who had been marked out for the leading patricians were carried to their houses by plebeians told off for the task. One, conspicuous amongst them all for grace and beauty, is reported to have been carried off by a group led by a certain Talassius, and to the many inquiries as to whom she was intended for, the invariable answer was given, "For Talassius." Hence the use of this word in the marriage rites. Alarm and consternation broke up the games, and the parents of the maidens fled, distracted with grief, uttering bitter reproaches on the violators of the laws of hospitality and appealing to the god to whose solemn games they had come, only to be the victims of impious perfidy. The abducted maidens were quite as despondent and indignant. Romulus, however, went round in person, and pointed out to them that it was all owing to the pride of their parents in denying right of intermarriage to their neighbours. They would live in honourable wedlock, and share all their property and civil rights, and - dearest of all to human nature - would be the mothers of freemen. He begged them to lay aside their feelings of resentment and give their affections to those whom fortune had made masters of their persons. An injury had often led to reconciliation and love; they would find their husbands all the more affectionate, because each would do his utmost, so far as in him lay, to make up for the loss of parents and country. These arguments were reinforced by the endearments of their husbands, who excused their conduct by pleading the irresistible force of their passion - a plea effective beyond all others in appealing to a woman's nature.

The feelings of the abducted maidens were now pretty completely appeased, but not so those of their parents.

Livy, History of Rome 1.9-1.10
1 commentsBlindado
MariusFundania1Denarius.jpg
0aa Caius MariusC. Fundanius, moneyer
101-91 BC

Denarius

Helmeted head of Roma right, control-mark C behind

"Triumphator" (Marius) in quadriga right, holding laurel-branch and staff; a rider sits on near horse, holding laurel-branch, Q above, C FVNDAN in exergue

The reverse shows Marius as triumphator in the quadriga. He holds sceptre and laurel branch. On one of the horses rides his son. The children of the triumphator were - according to tradition - allowed to share the triumph of their father. The Q above refers to the office as quaestor the mintmaster held while minting these coins. FORVM Ancient Coins says of a similar piece, "The reverse refers to Marius triumph after victories over the Cimbri and Teutones. The rider on the near horse is Marius's son, at that time eight years old." Andrew McCabe comments, "The Triumphator on the Fundania denarius is usually taken to be Marius, with his young son on horseback. This would make it the first Roman coin to explicitly portray a living Roman politician. "

Seaby Fundania 1

Marius rose from common origins to become the First Man in Rome. Plutarch in his Life writes: There is a likeness of Marius in stone at Ravenna, in Gaul, which I myself saw quite corresponding with that roughness of character that is ascribed to him. Being naturally valiant and warlike, and more acquainted also with the discipline of the camp than of the city, he could not moderate his passion when in authority. . . . He was born of parents altogether obscure and indigent, who supported themselves by their daily labour; his father of the same name with himself, his mother called Fulcinia. He had spent a considerable part of his life before he saw and tasted the pleasures of the city; having passed previously in Cirrhaeaton, a village of the territory of Arpinum, a life, compared with city delicacies, rude and unrefined, yet temperate, and conformable to the ancient Roman severity. He first served as a soldier in the war against the Celtiberians, when Scipio Africanus besieged Numantia; where he signalized himself to his general by courage far above his comrades, and particularly by his cheerfully complying with Scipio's reformation of his army, being almost ruined by pleasures and luxury. It is stated, too, that he encountered and vanquished an enemy in single combat, in his general's sight. In consequence of all this he had several honours conferred upon him; and once when at an entertainment a question arose about commanders, and one of the company (whether really desirous to know, or only in complaisance) asked Scipio where the Romans, after him, should obtain such another general, Scipio, gently clapping Marius on the shoulder as he sat next him, replied, "Here, perhaps. . . ."

The consul Caecilius Metellus, being declared general in the war against Jugurtha in Africa took with him Marius for lieutenant; where, eager himself to do great deeds and services that would get him distinction, he did not, like others, consult Metellus's glory and the serving his interest, and attributing his honour of lieutenancy not to Metellus, but to fortune, which had presented him with a proper opportunity and theatre of great actions, he exerted his utmost courage. . . . Marius thus employed, and thus winning the affections of the soldiers, before long filled both Africa and Rome with his fame, and some, too, wrote home from the army that the war with Africa would never be brought to a conclusion unless they chose Caius Marius consul. . . .He was elected triumphantly, and at once proceeded to levy soldiers contrary both to law and custom, enlisting slaves and poor people; whereas former commanders never accepted of such, but bestowed arms, like other favours, as a matter of distinction, on persons who had the proper qualification, a man's property being thus a sort of security for his good behavior. . . .

[In Marius' fourth consulship,] The enemy dividing themselves into two parts, the Cimbri arranged to go against Catulus higher up through the country of the Norici, and to force that passage; the Teutones and Ambrones to march against Marius by the seaside through Liguria. . . . The Romans, pursuing them, slew and took prisoners above one hundred thousand, and possessing themselves of their spoil, tents, and carriages, voted all that was not purloined to Marius's share, which, though so magnificent a present, yet was generally thought less than his conduct deserved in so great a danger. . . . After the battle, Marius chose out from amongst the barbarians' spoils and arms those that were whole and handsome, and that would make the greatest show in his triumph; the rest he heaped upon a large pile, and offered a very splendid sacrifice. Whilst the army stood round about with their arms and garlands, himself attired (as the fashion is on such occasions) in the purple-bordered robe, and taking a lighted torch, and with both hands lifting it up towards heaven, he was then going to put it to the pile, when some friends were espied with all haste coming towards him on horseback. Upon which every one remained in silence and expectation. They, upon their coming up, leapt off and saluted Marius, bringing him the news of his fifth consulship, and delivered him letters to that effect. This gave the addition of no small joy to the solemnity; and while the soldiers clashed their arms and shouted, the officers again crowned Marius with a laurel wreath, and he thus set fire to the pile, and finished his sacrifice.
Blindado
Aemilia10.jpg
0ac Conquest of MacedoniaPaullus Aemilius Lepidus, moneyer
109-100 BC

Denarius

Veiled head of Concord, right, PAVLLVS LEPIDVS CONCORDIA
TER above trophy, L. Aemelius Lepidus on right, Perseus and his two sons as prisoners on left, PAVLLVS in ex.

Seaby, Aemelia 10

L. Aemelius Paullus defeated the Macedonians in 168 BC and brought Perseus and his sons to Rome to adorn his triumph.

Three days after the battle Perseus arrived at Amphipolis, and from that city he sent heralds with a caduceus to Paulus. In the meanwhile Hippias, Midon, and Pantauchus, the principal men among the king's friends who had fled from the field of battle to Beroea, went and made their surrender to the Roman consul. In the case of others also, their fears prompted them, one after another, to do the same. The consul sent his son Q. Fabius, together with L. Lentulus and Q. Metellus, with despatches to Rome announcing his victory. He gave the spoils taken from the enemy's army lying on the field of battle to the foot soldiers and the plunder from the surrounding country to the cavalry on condition that they were not absent from the camp more than two nights. The camp at Pydna was shifted to a site nearer the sea. First of all Beroea, then Thessalonica and Pella, and almost the whole of Macedonia, city by city, surrendered within two days.

Livy, History of Rome, 44.45
Blindado
0001JUL.jpg
AMONITE_MADAGASCAR.JPG
1.87LB Ammonite Fossil Shell Specimen Madagascar Length   76mm
Width    88mm
Height 116mm
Weight 848g
1 commentsAntonivs Protti
TrajSe45.jpg
106 AD: Annexation of Arabia by TrajanOrichalcum sestertius (25,41g, 33mm, 6:30h). Rome mint. Struck AD 106-111.
IMP CAES NERVAE TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS V P P laureate bust of Trajan facing right, draped over left shoulder
SPQR OPTIMO PRINCIPI [around edge] ARAB ADQVIS [in ex.] S C [in field] Arabia standing facing, with her head turned left and holding a branch and a bundle of cinnamon sticks. At her feet, a camel.
RIC 466 [scarce]; Cohen 32; Foss (Roman Historical Coins) 102:46b
VF with beautiful smooth natural yellow brown river patina with minor adhesions
2 commentsCharles S
Kalman_(1095-1116)_U-034a_C1-049_H-041_Q-001_9h_10,5mm_0,38g-s.jpg
11.11. Kálmán., (Koloman the Bibliophile) King of Hungary, (1095-1116 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 11.11./a5.01./after 13 before 14. (New Sigla!), H-041, CNH I.-049, U-034, #0111.11. Kálmán., (Koloman the Bibliophile) King of Hungary, (1095-1116 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 11.11./a5.01./after 13 before 14. (New Sigla!), H-041, CNH I.-049, U-034, #01
avers: +CALMAN REX, cross between two horizontal lines amongst four dots in quadrilobe, border of dots.
reverse: +LADISLAVS REX or illegible legend, cross in a circle with wedges in the angles, border of line.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 10,5 mm, weight: 0,38 g, axis:9h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár-041, CNH I.-049, Unger-034,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: 11.11./a5.01./after 13 before 14. (New Sigla!), New subtype/sigla variation!,
Q-001
quadrans
11_12_-a1_06-072C_Kalman_281095-1116292C_H-2C_C1-2C_U-2C_Q-0012C_0h2C_102C5-11mm2C_02C38g-s.jpg
11.12. Kálmán., (Koloman the Bibliophile) King of Hungary, (1095-1116 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 11.12./a1.06./07., H--, CNH I.--, U--, #0111.12. Kálmán., (Koloman the Bibliophile) King of Hungary, (1095-1116 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 11.12./a1.06./07., H--, CNH I.--, U--, #01
avers: +CALMAN REX, cross between two vertical lines amongst four dots in quadrilobe, the border of dots.
reverse: +LADLAVS RE/+LADLAVSE or illegible legend, cross in a circle with wedges in the angles, border of line.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 10,5-11,0 mm, weight: 0,38 g, axis:0h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D.,
ref: Huszár--, CNH I.--, Unger--,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: 11.12./a1.06./07.,
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
11_12_-a1_09-102C_Kalman_281095-1116292C_H-2C_C1-2C_U-2C_Q-0012C_7h2C_92C5-10mm2C_02C30g-sx.jpg
11.12. Kálmán., (Koloman the Bibliophile) King of Hungary, (1095-1116 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 11.12./a1.09./10., H--, CNH I.--, U--, #0111.12. Kálmán., (Koloman the Bibliophile) King of Hungary, (1095-1116 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 11.12./a1.09./10., H--, CNH I.--, U--, #01
avers: +CALMAN REX, cross between two vertical lines amongst four dots in quadrilobe, the border of dots.
reverse: +LADLAVS RE/+LADLAVSE or illegible legend, cross in a circle with wedges in the angles, border of line.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 9,5-10,0 mm, weight: 0,30 g, axis:7h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár--, CNH I.--, Unger--,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: 11.12./a1.09./10.,
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
Kalman_(1095-1116)_U-034b_C1-049_H-041_Q-003_5h_10,4mm_0,38g-s.jpg
11.12. Kálmán., (Koloman the Bibliophile) King of Hungary, (1095-1116 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 11.12./a1c1.02./53var., H--, CNH I.--, U--, #0111.12. Kálmán., (Koloman the Bibliophile) King of Hungary, (1095-1116 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 11.12./a1c1.02./53var., H--, CNH I.--, U--, #01
avers: +CALMAN REX, cross between two vertical lines amongst four dots in quadrilobe, the border of dots.
reverse: +LADLAVS RE/+LADLAVSE or illegible legend, cross in a circle with wedges in the angles, border of line.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 10,4 mm, weight: 0,38 g, axis:5h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár--, CNH I.--, Unger--,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: 11.12./a1c1.02./53var.,
Q-001
quadrans
Kalman_(1095-1116)_U-034b_C1-049_H-041_Q-005_h_mm_g-s.jpg
11.12. Kálmán., (Koloman the Bibliophile) King of Hungary, (1095-1116 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 11.12./a5.03./after 24 before 25. (New Sigla!), H--, CNH I.--, U--, #0111.12. Kálmán., (Koloman the Bibliophile) King of Hungary, (1095-1116 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 11.12./a5.03./after 24 before 25. (New Sigla!), H--, CNH I.--, U--, #01
avers: +CALMAN REX, cross between two vertical lines amongst four dots in quadrilobe, the border of dots.
reverse: +LADLAVS RE/+LADLAVSE or illegible legend, cross in a circle with wedges in the angles, border of line.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 10,3 mm, weight: 0,46 g, axis:0h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár--, CNH I.--, Unger--,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: 11.12./a5.03./after 24 before 25. (New Sigla!), New subtype/sigla variation!
Q-001
quadrans
Kalman_(1095-1116)_U-034b_C1-049_H-041_Q-004_0h_10,5mm_0,44g-s.jpg
11.12. Kálmán., (Koloman the Bibliophile) King of Hungary, (1095-1116 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 11.12./c1.01./32., H--, CNH I.--, U--, #0111.12. Kálmán., (Koloman the Bibliophile) King of Hungary, (1095-1116 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 11.12./c1.01./32., H--, CNH I.--, U--, #01
avers: +CALMAN REX, cross between two vertical lines amongst four dots in quadrilobe, the border of dots.
reverse: +LADLAVS RE/+LADLAVSE or illegible legend, cross in a circle with wedges in the angles, border of line.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 10,5 mm, weight: 0,44 g, axis:0h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár--, CNH I.--, Unger--,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: 11.12./c1.01./32.,
Q-001
quadrans
Kalman_(1095-1116)_U-034b_C1-049_H-041_Q-001_3h_11,0mm_0,50g-s.jpg
11.12. Kálmán., (Koloman the Bibliophile) King of Hungary, (1095-1116 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 11.12./c1.03./34., H--, CNH I.--, U--, #0111.12. Kálmán., (Koloman the Bibliophile) King of Hungary, (1095-1116 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 11.12./c1.03./34., H--, CNH I.--, U--, #01
avers: +CALMAN REX, cross between two vertical lines amongst four dots in quadrilobe, the border of dots.
reverse: +LADLAVS RE/+LADLAVSE or illegible legend, cross in a circle with wedges in the angles, border of line.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 11,0 mm, weight: 0,50 g, axis:3h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár--, CNH I.--, Unger--,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: 11.12./c1.03./34.,
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
Kalman_(1095-1116)_U-034b_C1-049_H-041_Q-002_4h_11mm_0,56g-s.jpg
11.12. Kálmán., (Koloman the Bibliophile) King of Hungary, (1095-1116 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 11.12./c1.03./34., H--, CNH I.--, U--, #0211.12. Kálmán., (Koloman the Bibliophile) King of Hungary, (1095-1116 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 11.12./c1.03./34., H--, CNH I.--, U--, #02
avers: +CALMAN REX, cross between two vertical lines amongst four dots in quadrilobe, the border of dots.
reverse: +LADLAVS RE/+LADLAVSE or illegible legend, cross in a circle with wedges in the angles, border of line.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 11,0 mm, weight: 0,55 g, axis:4h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár--, CNH I.--, Unger--,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: 11.12./c1.03./34.,
Q-002
3 commentsquadrans
Kalman_(1095-1116)_U-034b_C1-049_H-041_Q-006_3h_10,0mm_0,28g-s.jpg
11.12. Kálmán., (Koloman the Bibliophile) King of Hungary, (1095-1116 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 11.12./c1.06./37., H--, CNH I.--, U--, #0111.12. Kálmán., (Koloman the Bibliophile) King of Hungary, (1095-1116 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 11.12./c1.06./37., H--, CNH I.--, U--, #01
avers: +CALMAN REX, cross between two vertical lines amongst four dots in quadrilobe, border of dots.
reverse: +LADLAVS RE/+LADLAVSE or illegible legend, cross in circle with wedges in the angles, border of line.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 10,3 mm, weight: 0,46 g, axis:0h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár--, CNH I.--, Unger--,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: 11.12./c1.06./37.,
Q-001
quadrans
11_12_-h1_02-42,_Kalman_(1095-1116),_H-041b,_C1-049b,_U-034b,_Q-001,_10h,_10,3mm,_0,42g-s.jpg
11.12. Kálmán., (Koloman the Bibliophile) King of Hungary, (1095-1116 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 11.12./h1.02./42., H--, CNH I.--, U--, #0111.12. Kálmán., (Koloman the Bibliophile) King of Hungary, (1095-1116 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 11.12./h1.02./42., H--, CNH I.--, U--, #01
avers: +CALMAN REX, cross between two vertical lines amongst four dots in quadrilobe, the border of dots.
reverse: +LADLAVS RE/+LADLAVSE or illegible legend, cross in a circle with wedges in the angles, border of line.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 11,0 mm, weight: 0,50 g, axis:3h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár--, CNH I.--, Unger--,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: 11.12./h1.02./42.,
Q-001
1 commentsquadrans
Kalman_(1095-1116)_U-034A_CP-002_H-042_Q-001_2h_10mm_0,20g-s.jpg
11.13. Kálmán., (Koloman the Bibliophile) King of Hungary, (1095-1116 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 11.13./a1c3.02./18., H-042, CP-002, U-034A, #0111.13. Kálmán., (Koloman the Bibliophile) King of Hungary, (1095-1116 A.D.), AR-Denarius, CÁC I. 11.13./a1c3.02./18., H-042, CP-002, U-034A, #01
avers: Illegible, legend-like marks, cross between two horizontal lines amongst four dots in quadrilobe, the border of dots.
reverse: Four dots in place of the legend or illegible legend, cross in a circle with dots in the angles, line border.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 10mm, weight: 0,20g, axis:2h,
mint: Esztergom, date: A.D., ref: Huszár-042, CP-002, Unger-034A,
Tóth-Kiss-Fekete: CÁC I.(Catalog of Árpadian Coinage I./Opitz I.), Privy-Mark/Szigla: 11.13./a1c3.02./18.,
Q-001
quadrans
1226 files on 14 page(s) 1

All coins are guaranteed for eternity
Forum Ancient Coins
PO BOX 1316
MOREHEAD CITY NC 28557


252-497-2724
customerservice@forumancientcoins.com
Facebook   Instagram   Pintrest   Twitter