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RHODOS - AR Drachm - Magistrat EPMIAΣ CARIAN ISLANDS.
Pseudo-Rhodian (c.175-170 B.C.),
Silver Drachm, Imitation issue minted in Thessaly.
2.48 g / 14 x 15 mm
Head of Helios facing, slightly inclined to right.
R/ EPMIAΣ , rose, with a bud on right, Z-Ω either side of stem
(SNG Keckman 793-795 (att ributed to Thessaly); Price, Kra ay-Mørkholm Essays, pp. 241-2 (attributed to Northern Greece); SNG Copenhagen Su ppl. 358 (attributed to Rhodian Peraia)).
Lightly toned, good extremely fine. Great head facing
Although the attribution of this issue has been debated, it seems likely that it was struck by Perseus to pay Cretan mercenaries, who would have been familiar with Rhodian issues, in the Third Macedonian War against the Romans (see R. Ashton, NC 1988, pp. 29-30)
paul1888
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Louis XIV (1643 - 1715), AE (Brass) Jeton struck c.1644 – 1645Obverse: LVD•XIIII•D:G•FR•ET•NA•REX. Laureate and cuirassed youthful bust of Louis XIV facing right; • B • (for Briot) below.
Reverse: CONSILIO•NIL•NISI•. The escutcheon of France, surrounded by the chain of the Ordre du Saint-Esprit (Order of the Holy Spirit): Necklace and Cross. The legend translates as “He undertakes nothing without Council”, a reference to the administrative council of the king.
Dimensions: 25.65mm | Weight: 5.4gms | Die Axis: 12
Ref. Feuardent: 239 var.
Struck at the Monnaie de Louvre mint, Paris, France
Die engraver: Nicholas Briot
Nicholas Briot (c.1579–1646) was an innovative French coin engraver, medallist and mechanical engineer, who is credited with the invention of the coining-press. He emigrated to England in 1625 and in 1626 he was commissioned to make 'puncheons and dies' for the Coronation of Charles I. His Coronation Medal established his reputation and he went on to produce a considerable number of dies for medals and coins in the following years. In 1633, he was appointed chief engraver to the Royal Mint and went to Scotland to prepare and coin the coronation pieces of Charles I. These demonstrated both his artistic skill and the technical superiority of his new coining machinery and in 1635, on the death of Sir John Foulis, Briot was appointed Master of the Mint in Scotland and superintended the Scottish coinage for several years. Briot was then recalled to England by the King, and on the outbreak of the English Civil War he took possession of the coining apparatus at the Tower and had it removed 'for the purpose of continuing the coining operations in the cause of the King'. Briot travelled to France in the early 1640's and sent coining presses to his brother Isaac, now in a senior position at the Paris Mint, he died on Christmas Eve 1646.*Alex
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Carnutes. Potin à la tête diabolique et au loup (c. 60-40 AC)avers : Anépigraphe. Tête diabolique à gauche. Un important globule oblitère le profil entre le menton et le nez.
revers : Anépigraphe. Loup à gauche, debout, sous une croix en X bouletée, la queue entre les pattes.
Classe IV.
17.2mm; 4.08g; 9h
DT.2612 T.MooT
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County of Tripoli, Raymond III (1152-87), Æ Pougeoise, (c.1173-1187) County of Tripoli, Raymond III (1152-87), Æ Pougeoise, (c.1173-1187), Tripoli mint +CIVITAS, towered gateway, rev., +TRIPOLIS, St. Andrew's cross pommettée, circle in centre, crescent in each quarter, (CCS 13)Vladislav D
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Kings of Macedon: Antigonos I struck under Demetrios I Poliorketes, AE15 Half Unit.Salamis 320-301 B.C. 3.42g - 15.5mm, Axis 12h.
Obv: Macedonian shield, boss decorated with facing gorgoneion.
Rev: Macedonian helmet, kerykeion and monogram to lower left and right.
Ref: Price 3159 (c. 323-315 BC) var. (Unit); Zapiti & Michaelidou 7-8 var. (same).
Provenance: Ex Derek Glover. Chris Scarlioli CollectionChristian Scarlioli
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Sicily Syracuse drachm
Sicily, Syracuse, AE drachm (c. 375-344 BC)
28mm, 24.64g, 12h. Struck under Dionysos I and Dionysos II.
O/ ΣYPA. Head of Athena in corinthian helmet l.
R/ Sea-star between two dolphins. Pellet below.
Hoover1436 T.MooT
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(502a) Roman Republic, L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi, 90 B.C.Silver denarius, S 235, Calpurnia 11, Crawford 340/1, Syd 663a, VF, rainbow toning, Rome mint, 3.772g, 18.5mm, 180o, 90 B.C. obverse: laureate head of Apollo right, scorpion behind; Reverse naked horseman galloping right holding palm, L PISO FRVGI and control number CXI below; ex-CNA XV 6/5/91, #443. Ex FORVM.
A portion of the following text is a passage taken from the excellent article “The Calpurnii and Roman Family History: An Analysis of the Piso Frugi Coin in the Joel Handshu Collection at the College of Charleston,” by Chance W. Cook:
In the Roman world, particularly prior to the inception of the principate, moneyers were allotted a high degree of latitude to mint their coins as they saw fit. The tres viri monetales, the three men in charge of minting coins, who served one-year terms, often emblazoned their coins with an incredible variety of images and inscriptions reflecting the grandeur, history, and religion of Rome. Yet also prominent are references to personal or familial accomplishments; in this manner coins were also a means by which the tres viri monetales could honor their forbearers. Most obvious from an analysis of the Piso Frugi denarius is the respect and admiration that Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi, who minted the coin, had for his ancestors. For the images he selected for his dies relate directly to the lofty deeds performed by his Calpurnii forbearers in the century prior to his term as moneyer. The Calpurnii were present at many of the watershed events in the late Republic and had long distinguished themselves in serving the state, becoming an influential and well-respected family whose defense of traditional Roman values cannot be doubted.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi, who was moneyer in 90 B.C., depicted Apollo on the obverse and the galloping horseman on the reverse, as does his son Gaius. However, all of L. Piso Frugi’s coins have lettering similar to “L-PISO-FRVGI” on the reverse, quite disparate from his son Gaius’ derivations of “C-PISO-L-F-FRV.”
Moreover, C. Piso Frugi coins are noted as possessing “superior workmanship” to those produced by L. Piso Frugi.
The Frugi cognomen, which became hereditary, was first given to L. Calpurnius Piso, consul in 133 B.C., for his integrity and overall moral virtue. Cicero is noted as saying that frugal men possessed the three cardinal Stoic virtues of bravery, justice, and wisdom; indeed in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae, a synonym of frugalitas is bonus, generically meaning “good” but also implying virtuous behavior. Gary Forsythe notes that Cicero would sometimes invoke L. Calpurnius Piso’s name at the beginning of speeches as “a paragon of moral rectitude” for his audience.
L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi’s inclusion of the laureled head of Apollo, essentially the same obverse die used by his son Gaius (c. 67 B.C.), was due to his family’s important role in the establishment of the Ludi Apollinares, the Games of Apollo, which were first instituted in 212 B.C. at the height of Hannibal’s invasion of Italy during the Second Punic War. By that time, Hannibal had crushed Roman armies at Cannae, seized Tarentum and was invading Campania.
Games had been used throughout Roman history as a means of allaying the fears
of the populace and distracting them from issues at hand; the Ludi Apollinares were no different. Forsythe follows the traditional interpretation that in 211 B.C., when C. Calpurnius Piso was praetor, he became the chief magistrate in Rome while both consuls were absent and the three other praetors were sent on military expeditions against Hannibal.
At this juncture, he put forth a motion in the Senate to make the Ludi Apollinares a yearly event, which was passed; the Ludi Apollinares did indeed become an important festival, eventually spanning eight days in the later Republic. However, this interpretation is debatable; H.H. Scullard suggests that the games were not made permanent until 208 B.C. after a severe plague prompted the Senate to make them a fixture on the calendar. The Senators believed Apollo would serve as a “healing god” for the people of Rome.
Nonetheless, the Calpurnii obviously believed their ancestor had played an integral role in the establishment of the Ludi Apollinares and thus prominently displayed
the head or bust of Apollo on the obverse of the coins they minted.
The meaning of the galloping horseman found on the reverse of the L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi coin is more complicated. It is possible that this is yet another reference to the Ludi Apollinares. Chariot races in the Circus Maximus were a major component of the games, along with animal hunts and theatrical performances.
A more intriguing possibility is that the horseman is a reference to C. Calpurnius Piso, son of the Calpurnius Piso who is said to have founded the Ludi Apollinares. This C. Calpurnius Piso was given a military command in 186 B.C. to quell a revolt in Spain. He was victorious, restoring order to the province and also gaining significant wealth in the process.
Upon his return to Rome in 184, he was granted a triumph by the Senate and eventually erected an arch on the Capitoline Hill celebrating his victory. Of course
the arch prominently displayed the Calpurnius name. Piso, however, was not an infantry commander; he led the cavalry.
The difficulty in accepting C. Calpurnius Piso’s victory in Spain as the impetus for the galloping horseman image is that not all of C. Piso Frugi’s coins depict the horseman or cavalryman carrying the palm, which is a symbol of victory. One is inclined to believe that the victory palm would be prominent in all of the coins minted by C. Piso Frugi (the son of L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi) if it indeed signified the great triumph of C. Calpurnius Piso in 186 B.C. Yet the palm’s appearance is clearly not a direct reference to military feats of C. Piso Frugi’s day. As noted, it is accepted that his coins were minted in 67 B.C.; in that year, the major victory by Roman forces was Pompey’s swift defeat of the pirates throughout the Mediterranean.
Chrestomathy: Annual Review of Undergraduate Research at the College of Charleston. Volume 1, 2002: pp. 1-10© 2002 by the College of Charleston, Charleston SC 29424, USA.All rights to be retained by the author.
http://www.cofc.edu/chrestomathy/vol1/cook.pdf
There are six (debatably seven) prominent Romans who have been known to posterity as Lucius Calpurnius Piso:
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi: (d. 261 A.D.) a Roman usurper, whose existence is
questionable, based on the unreliable Historia Augusta.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus: deputy Roman Emperor, 10 January 69 to15 January
69, appointed by Galba.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso: Consul in 27 A.D.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso: Consul in 1 B.C., augur
Lucius Calpurnius Piso: Consul in 15 B.C., pontifex
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus: Consul in 58 B.C. (the uncle of Julius Caesar)
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi: Moneyer in 90 B.C. (our man)
All but one (or two--if you believe in the existence of "Frugi the usurper" ca. 261 A.D.) of these gentlemen lack the Frugi cognomen, indicating they are not from the same direct lineage as our moneyer, though all are Calpurnii.
Calpurnius Piso Frugi's massive issue was intended to support the war against the Marsic Confederation. The type has numerous variations and control marks.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Calpurnius_Piso
http://www.forumancientcoins.com/catalog/indexfrm.asp?vpar=55&pos=0
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
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*Parthia. Second indeterminate king (de Morgan's Prince 'A') (c. A.D. 210?)AE Drachm, 1.52 g, 13 mm
Mint/ unknown, undated
Obv/ diademed, bearded bust left.
Rev/ Artemis standing right with bow and arrowancientone
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005p Tiberius (14-37 A.D. ), Macedonia, Thessalonica, RPC I 1565, AE-23, ΘEΣΣAΛONIKEΩN, Bare head of Augustus right, #1005p Tiberius (14-37 A.D. ), Macedonia, Thessalonica, RPC I 1565, AE-23, ΘEΣΣAΛONIKEΩN, Bare head of Augustus right, #1
avers: TIBEPIOΣ KAIΣAP, Bare head of Tiberius right.
reverse: ΘEΣΣAΛONIKEΩN, Bare head of Augustus right.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 23mm, weight: 10,07g, axes: 0h,
mint: City: Thessalonica, Region: Macedonia, Province: Macedonia, date: 9-14 A.D.,
ref: RPC I 1565, Touratsoglou, Augustus 170-208 (c. AD 4 onwards) ,
Q-001quadrans
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060 - DOMITIADomitia Longina
Domitia Longina (c. AD 53-55–c. AD 126-130) was a Roman empress and wife to the Roman emperor Domitian.
for obverse, reverse and coin details click hereshanxi
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0ab Lucius Cornelius Sulla FelixL Manlivs, moneyer
82-72 BC
Denarius
Head of Roma, right, MANLI before, PRO Q behind
Sulla in walking quadriga, crowned by Victory, L SVLLA IM in ex.
Seaby, Manlia 4
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (c. 138 BC – 78 BC) was a Roman general and conservative statesman. He had the distinction of holding the office of consul twice, as well as reviving the dictatorship. Sulla was awarded a grass crown, the most prestigious and rarest Roman military honor, during the Social War. He was the first man to lead an army to Rome to settle a political dispute, in this case with Marius. In late 81 BC, he stunned the world by resigning his near-absolute powers, restoring constitutional government. After seeing election to and holding a second consulship, he retired to private life and died shortly after.
As to the person, Plutarch wrote: LUCIUS Cornelius Sylla was descended of a patrician or noble family. . . . His general personal appearance may be known by his statues; only his blue, eyes, of themselves extremely keen and glaring, were rendered all the more forbidding and terrible by the complexion of his face, in which white was mixed with rough blotches of fiery red. . . . And when supreme master of all, he was often wont to muster together the most impudent players and stage-followers of the town, and to drink and bandy jests with them without regard to his age or the dignity of his place, and to the prejudice of important affairs that required his attention. When he was once at table, it was not in Sylla's nature to admit of anything that was serious, and whereas at other times he was a man of business and austere of countenance, he underwent all of a sudden, at his first entrance upon wine and good-fellowship, a total revolution, and was gentle and tractable with common singers and dancers, and ready to oblige any one that spoke with him. It seems to have been a sort of diseased result of this laxity that he was so prone to amorous pleasures, and yielded without resistance to any temptation of voluptuousness, from which even in his old age he could not refrain. He had a long attachment for Metrobius, a player. In his first amours, it happened that he made court to a common but rich lady, Nicopolis by name, and what by the air of his youth, and what by long intimacy, won so far on her affections, that she rather than he was the lover, and at her death she bequeathed him her whole property. He likewise inherited the estate of a step-mother who loved him as her own son. By these means he had pretty well advanced his fortunes. . . . In general he would seem to have been of a very irregular character, full of inconsistencies with himself much given to rapine, to prodigality yet more; in promoting or disgracing whom he pleased, alike unaccountable; cringing to those he stood in need of, and domineering over others who stood in need of him, so that it was hard to tell whether his nature had more in it of pride or of servility. As to his unequal distribution of punishments, as, for example, that upon slight grounds he would put to the torture, and again would bear patiently with the greatest wrongs; would readily forgive and he reconciled after the most heinous acts of enmity, and yet would visit small and inconsiderable offences with death and confiscation of goods; one might judge that in himself he was really of a violent and revengeful nature, which, however, he could qualify, upon reflection, for his interest.
Blindado
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132 - SALONINVSPublius Licinius Cornelius Saloninus Valerianus (c. 242 – 260) was Roman Emperor in 260.
for obverse, reverse and coin details click here
shanxi
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136 Constantinus I. (306-309 A.D. Caesar, 309-910 A.D. Filius Augustorum, 307-337 A.D. Augustus), Trier, RIC VII ???, AR-Argenteus, -/-//PTR, VICTORIA LAETAE PRINC PERP, Not in RIC !!!136 Constantinus I. (306-309 A.D. Caesar, 309-910 A.D. Filius Augustorum, 307-337 A.D. Augustus), Trier, RIC VII ???, AR-Argenteus, -/-//PTR, VICTORIA LAETAE PRINC PERP, Not in RIC !!!
avers:- IMP CONSTANTI NVS AVG, bust l., high-crested helmet, cuir., dr., spear across r. shoulder..
rever:- VICTORIA LAETAE PRINC PERP, two Victories stg. facing one another, together holding shield inscribed VOT/PR on altar. PTR in exergue.
"UNLISTED ISSUE. This issue is listed erroneously in RIC VII as regular follis (TRIER 208A, p. 181), but in fact it is "billon argenteus" (c. 25% of silver) and belongs to the group of TREVERI 825-826 in RIC VI. Note that only PTR mark is correct, because of only one officina working at that time at Treveri. Note also that the bust type is similar to H11 from RIC VII, but there are also a few differences: bust is usually larger, half-length, and could be described as cuirassed and draped. Coin should be listed after TREVERI 826. See: Bastien, P., "L’émission de monnaies de billon de Treves au début de 313", Quaderni Ticinesi (Numismatica e Antichità Classiche) 1982, XI, p. 271-278. See: CORRIGENDA, VOL. VII, p. 181, CORRIGENDA, VOL. VI, p. 224" by Lech Stepniewski, in "Not in RIC" , thank you Lech Stepniewski,
http://www.forumancientcoins.com/notinric/6tre-826.html
exergo: -/-//PTR, diameter: 19mm, weight: 2,73g, axis: h,
mint: Trier, date: 318-319 A.D., ref: RIC VI Trier 825-6?, RIC VI, "TREVERI [after 826], CONSTANTINE I, UNLISTED ISSUE" by Lech Stepniewski,
Q-001quadrans
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1795 AE Halfpenny, Glamorgan, South Wales.Obverse: JESTYN • AP • GWRGAN • TYWYSOG • MORGANWG • 1091•. Crowned and robed bust of Jestyn ap Gwrgan facing left, wearing a small shield bearing the St George's cross suspended on a chain round his neck.
Reverse: Y • BRENHIN • AR • GYFRAITH •. Britannia facing left, seated on a globe, her right hand pointing to a ship, her left supporting a shield and a spear; behind her a cippus with a crown on top and a laurel branch leaning against it; in exergue, 1795.
Edge: "GLAMORGAN HALFPENNY" in raised letters, followed by three leaves.
Diameter: 29mm
Dalton & Hamer: 3b (Glamorganshire)
This token is thought to have been engraved and manufactured by John Stubbs Jordan, a Birmingham ironfounder for his father, William Jordan, who had returned to South Wales, possibly to Merthyr Tydfil. The Jordans were of Welsh descent and had come to Staffordshire earlier in the century. The father, William Jordan, a victualler from Weaman Street, Birmingham, retired and moved back to South Wales in the early 1780s and in 1794 his son, John Stubbs Jordan, who had remained back in Birmingham, made this Welsh token for his father as a private piece.
This is the only eighteenth century token with Welsh legends.
Jestyn ap Gwrgan, or Gwrgant, was the last Prince and Lord of Glamorgan of British blood. He was of the royal house of Morganwg, which had a lineage stretching back over five centuries to Tewdrig (c.550-584 C.E.). The members of this royal house had links to the other royal houses of Wales through marriage, and were descendants of the celebrated Rhodri Mawr. Jestyn ap Gwrgan's base is believed to have been at Dinas Powis, south of Cardiff. He probably ruled Glamorgan for a little less than a decade around 1081-1090 C.E.
The popular version of historical events is that Jestyn, following a dispute with his rival Einion ap Collwyn, invited the Norman ruler Robert Fitzhamon, lord of Gloucester, and his twelve knights into the region to settle the matter. Once invited in, the Normans refused to leave, Jestyn was deposed and Fitzhamon, having established a lordship based in Cardiff, subsequently conquered the lowlands of Glamorgan, which was parcelled out to his followers. The undesirable mountainous parts of Glamorgan Fitzhamon left in Welsh control. However this story, dating from at least the 15th century, where it touches known historical facts, is demonstrably wrong.
Nowadays there are many people living in South Wales with the surname of Williams who claim to be descended from Jestyn ap Gwrgan. This is not impossible because Jestyn ap Gwrgan had a large family. Notable people who may have been descended from Jestyn ap Gwrgan are the Tudor Monarchs of England, Oliver Cromwell (whose real surname was Williams) and also, being of Welsh descent, Winston Churchill, Princess Diana and several Presidents of The United States of America.*Alex
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1797 GEORGE III AE "CARTWHEEL" PENNYObverse: GEORGIUS III • D : G • REX. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of George III facing right.
Reverse: BRITANNIA 1797. Britannia seated facing left, holding olive branch and trident. Small ship in left background; mint-mark SOHO below shield.
Diameter: 36mm
SPINK: 3777
This portrait of George III was designed by Conrad Heinrich Kuchler (c.1740 - 1810), this is marked by a small "K." in the drapery at the base of the King's bust. Kuchler moved to Birmingham in 1795 and designed many of the coins and medals which were struck at Matthew Boulton's SOHO mint.
This was the year that the first copper penny was struck, it was also the first time that the figure of Britannia was portrayed seated amid the waves and holding a trident instead of a spear. The coin was struck by Matthew Boulton at the Soho Mint, Birmingham but, weighing a full one ounce (28.3g) and with a diameter of 36mm, it was rather heavy for the pocket and was soon discontinued. Many have survived though, battered and worn, having been used as weights for kitchen scales.*Alex
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1797 GEORGE III AE "CARTWHEEL" TWOPENCEObverse: GEORGIUS III • D : G • REX. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of George III facing right.
Reverse: BRITANNIA. 1797. Britannia seated facing left, holding olive branch and trident. Small ship in left background; mint-mark SOHO below shield.
Diameter: 41mm. Weight: 56.7gms.
SPINK: 3776
This portrait of George III was designed by Conrad Heinrich Kuchler (c.1740 - 1810), this is marked by a small "K." in the drapery at the base of the King's bust. Kuchler moved to Birmingham in 1795 and designed many of the coins and medals which were struck at Matthew Boulton's SOHO mint.
The figure of Britannia was portrayed seated amid the waves and holding a trident instead of a spear for the first time on the Cartwheel twopences and pennies of this year. This mighty coin was struck in Birmingham by Matthew Boulton at his Soho Mint, but, since it weighed a full two ounces (56.7gms) and measured 5mm thick with a diameter of 41mm, it was a bit heavy for the pocket and was soon discontinued. Many have survived though, battered and worn, having been used as weights for kitchen scales. Some of these twopence coins, because they were so big, were even turned into patch boxes.*Alex
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1799 GEORGE III AE FARTHINGObverse: GEORGIUS III DEI GRATIA REX 1799. Laureate and draped bust of George III facing right.
Reverse: BRITANNIA. 1 . FARTHING, small tudor rose and thistle at either side, in exergue. Britannia seated facing left, holding olive branch and trident, small ship in left background; mint-mark SOHO below shield.
Diameter: 24mm
SPINK: 3779
This portrait of George III was designed by Conrad Heinrich Kuchler (c.1740 - 1810). Kuchler moved to Birmingham in 1795 and designed many of the coins and medals which were struck at Matthew Boulton's SOHO mint.*Alex
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1799 GEORGE III AE HALFPENNYObverse: GEORGIUS III DEI GRATIA REX. Laureate and draped bust of George III facing right.
Reverse: BRITANNIA 1799. Britannia seated facing left, holding olive branch and trident, small ship with five gunports in left background; mint-mark SOHO below shield.
Edge: Centre grained.
Diameter: 30mm.
SPINK: 3778
This portrait of George III was designed by Conrad Heinrich Kuchler (c.1740 - 1810). Kuchler moved to Birmingham in 1795 and designed many of the coins and medals which were struck at Matthew Boulton's SOHO mint.*Alex
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1804 GEORGE III AR BANK OF ENGLAND DOLLAR Obverse: GEORGIUS III DEI GRATIA REX. Laureate and draped bust of George III facing right.
Reverse: BANK OF ENGLAND 1804. Britannia, seated left, holding a branch and spear, her left arm resting on a shield which in turn rests on a cornucopia, a beehive is in the background to the left; all within a garter inscribed FIVE SHILLINGS DOLLAR. The garter is surmounted by a castellated "crown" of five circular stone turrets.
Spink 3768; Obverse die A, Reverse die 2
Diameter: 41mm | Weight: 26.7gms | Die Axis: 11
SPINK: 3768
This portrait of George III was designed by Conrad Heinrich Kuchler (c.1740 - 1810), this is marked by C. H. K. in raised letters on the truncation at the king's shoulder. The reverse, which was also designed by Kuchler has the raised initial K in the triangular space between the shield, cornucopia, and Britannia's dress. Kuchler moved to Birmingham in 1795 and designed many of the coins and medals which were struck at Matthew Boulton's SOHO mint.
On this coin there are enough traces of the host coin discernible on the reverse, near the edge between 'BANK' and 'OF', and on the obverse below the bust to make an accurate identification of the undertype possible. It was overstruck on a Spanish Colonial 8 Reales minted at Potosi in Bolivia which bore the date 1806.
Note on George III Bank of England Silver Dollars
Although George III reigned for sixty years from 1760 to 1820, the only crowns issued were in the last three years of his reign, apart from these Bank of England dollars issued as an emergency measure.
There had been a persistent shortage of silver coins throughout most of George's reign, and the Bank of England attempted to alleviate this by counter-marking Spanish colonial 8-Reale pieces (the "pieces of eight" of pirate legend) with a punch bearing the head of George III. When this counter-mark was enthusiastically counterfeited, the bank resorted to counter-stamping the entire coin. Most survivors were struck on Mexican or Peruvian 8-Reale pieces, though a few have been found to be struck on issues from Spain proper. Although these Bank of England dollars are all dated 1804, they were issued every year until 1811, and occasionally the dates of Spanish 8 Reales minted after 1804 can be discerned on them. In 1811, to take account of the increase in the value of silver, the Bank of England dollar coins were revalued at 5s6d and they stayed at this value until they were withdrawn from circulation in 1817, by which time a massive silver re-coinage was being undertaken.*Alex
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1806 GEORGE III AE FarthingObverse: GEORGIUS III • D : G • REX. 1806. Laureate bust of George III facing right.
Reverse: BRITANNIA. Britannia seated facing left, holding olive branch and trident. Small ship in background to left; mint-mark SOHO below shield.
Diameter: 22mm | Weight: 4.6gms
SPINK: 3482
The portrait of George III was designed by Conrad Heinrich Kuchler (c.1740 - 1810), this is marked by a small "K" in the drapery at the base of the King's bust. The reverse of this coin was also designed by Kuchler, this is indicated by a small "K" to the bottom left of Britannia's shield. Kuchler moved to Birmingham in 1795 and designed many of the coins and medals which were struck at Matthew Boulton's SOHO mint.*Alex
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1806 GEORGE III AE HalfpennyObverse: GEORGIUS III • D : G • REX. 1806. Laureate bust of George III facing right.
Reverse: BRITANNIA. Britannia seated facing left, holding olive branch and trident. Small ship in background to left; mint-mark SOHO below shield.
Diameter: 28m | Weight: 9.6gms
SPINK: 3781
The portrait of George III was designed by Conrad Heinrich Kuchler (c.1740 - 1810), this is marked by a small "K" in the drapery at the base of the King's bust. The reverse of this coin was also designed by Kuchler, this is indicated by a small "K" to the bottom left of Britannia's shield. Kuchler moved to Birmingham in 1795 and designed many of the coins and medals which were struck at Matthew Boulton's SOHO mint.*Alex
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1806 GEORGE III AE PennyObverse: GEORGIUS III • D : G • REX. 1806. Laureate bust of George III facing right.
Reverse: BRITANNIA. Britannia seated facing left, holding olive branch and trident. Small ship in background to left; mint-mark SOHO below shield.
Diameter: 34mm | Weight: 19.2gms
SPINK: 3780
The portrait of George III was designed by Conrad Heinrich Kuchler (c.1740 - 1810), this is marked by a small "K" in the drapery at the base of the King's bust. The reverse of this coin was also designed by Kuchler, this is indicated by a small "K" to the bottom left of Britannia's shield. Kuchler moved to Birmingham in 1795 and designed many of the coins and medals which were struck at Matthew Boulton's SOHO mint.*Alex
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1813 AE Penny, Hull, Yorkshire.Obverse: VIMIERA•TALAVERA•BADAJOZ•SALAMANCA•VITTORIA •. Bust of Duke of Wellington facing left.
Reverse: ONE PENNY TOKEN. Britannia seated on shield facing left, holding olive branch in her right hand and trident in left; 1813 in exergue.
Edge: Centre Grained.
Diameter 34mm
Withers:1507 | Davis Yorkshire No: 93 | Charlton No: WE-12
VERY RARE.
The inscription on the obverse of this token is a list of battles fought in the Peninsular War. The dies were engraved by Thomas Halliday (c.1780 – 1854) and the token was manufactured by Edward Thomason. The type was one of several issued by J.K.Picard in his “Peninsular” series which were struck for use by the Duke of Wellington's army in Portugal and Spain. These tokens bear the portrait of Wellington, who was a good friend of the Prince Regent, the future George IV, on the obverse.
This token was issued by John Kirby Picard, the owner of the Hull Lead Works. Picard spent a lot of his time in London and became friendly with the Prince of Wales' circle of aquaintances. He gambled heavily, and became bankrupt in 1827 after eventually gambling his fortune away. He died in reduced circumstances in 1843.*Alex
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1813 AE Penny, Sheffield, Yorkshire.Obverse: PAYABLE AT S. HOBSON & SON's, BUTTON MANUFACTURERS, incuse letters on a raised rim. Arms consisting of eight arrows arranged saltirewise, bound together with a ribbon; pheon on either side; above, a facing winged cherubim; below, SHEFFIELD.
Reverse: ONE PENNY TOKEN 1813 incuse letters on a raised rim. Britannia seated facing left on shield, holding olive branch and trident, small ship in left background; small “H” (for Halliday) below shield.
Edge: Centre-grained.
Diameter 34mm
Davis:138
The dies for this token were engraved by Thomas Halliday (c.1780-1854). Active in the early 19th century, Halliday originally worked as an engraver at Matthew Boulton's Soho Mint in Handsworth and set up on his own as a medallist and token-producer from 1801. Established in Newhall Street, Birmingham about 1810, he engraved dies for the trade, or engraved and manufactured tokens and medals at his own works for all traders who wished to issue them.
This token was issued by Hobson & Son who were button manufacturers with a business in Sheffield.*Alex
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193_Pertinax_Dupondius_RIC_31_or_30note_1Pertinax (January 1st – March 28th 193 AD)
AE Dupondius, Rome, January 1st – March 28th 193 AD
IMP CAES P HELV PERTIN AVG;
Radiate head right
PROVIDENTIAE DEORVM COS II, S-C(?);
Providentia standing left, holding up both hands to large star
12,17 gr, 25 mm
RIC IVa, 31 (C. 51); BMC V, 32 var. (no S-C); C. 51 (Paris); CMB I, 15
or
RIC IVa, 30 note (BMC); BMC V, 32; C. 51 var. (S-C); CMB I, 20ga77
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1aa Reign of SVLLAL Manlivs, moneyer
82-72 BC
Denarius
Head of Roma, right, MANLI before, PRO Q behind
Sulla in walking quadriga, crowned by Victory, L SVLLA IM in ex.
Seaby, Manlia 4
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (c. 138 BC – 78 BC) was a Roman general and conservative statesman. He had the distinction of holding the office of consul twice, as well as reviving the dictatorship. Sulla was awarded a grass crown, the most prestigious and rarest Roman military honor, during the Social War. He was the first man to lead an army to Rome to settle a political dispute, in this case with Marius. In late 81 BC, he stunned the world by resigning his near-absolute powers, restoring constitutional government. After seeing election to and holding a second consulship, he retired to private life and died shortly after.
As to the person, Plutarch wrote: LUCIUS Cornelius Sylla was descended of a patrician or noble family. . . . His general personal appearance may be known by his statues; only his blue, eyes, of themselves extremely keen and glaring, were rendered all the more forbidding and terrible by the complexion of his face, in which white was mixed with rough blotches of fiery red. . . . And when supreme master of all, he was often wont to muster together the most impudent players and stage-followers of the town, and to drink and bandy jests with them without regard to his age or the dignity of his place, and to the prejudice of important affairs that required his attention. When he was once at table, it was not in Sylla's nature to admit of anything that was serious, and whereas at other times he was a man of business and austere of countenance, he underwent all of a sudden, at his first entrance upon wine and good-fellowship, a total revolution, and was gentle and tractable with common singers and dancers, and ready to oblige any one that spoke with him. It seems to have been a sort of diseased result of this laxity that he was so prone to amorous pleasures, and yielded without resistance to any temptation of voluptuousness, from which even in his old age he could not refrain. He had a long attachment for Metrobius, a player. In his first amours, it happened that he made court to a common but rich lady, Nicopolis by name, and what by the air of his youth, and what by long intimacy, won so far on her affections, that she rather than he was the lover, and at her death she bequeathed him her whole property. He likewise inherited the estate of a step-mother who loved him as her own son. By these means he had pretty well advanced his fortunes. . . . In general he would seem to have been of a very irregular character, full of inconsistencies with himself much given to rapine, to prodigality yet more; in promoting or disgracing whom he pleased, alike unaccountable; cringing to those he stood in need of, and domineering over others who stood in need of him, so that it was hard to tell whether his nature had more in it of pride or of servility. As to his unequal distribution of punishments, as, for example, that upon slight grounds he would put to the torture, and again would bear patiently with the greatest wrongs; would readily forgive and he reconciled after the most heinous acts of enmity, and yet would visit small and inconsiderable offences with death and confiscation of goods; one might judge that in himself he was really of a violent and revengeful nature, which, however, he could qualify, upon reflection, for his interest. Blindado
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201. Septimus SeverusPax seated on rev., a scarcer type, so either
RIC 724, bust var., IMP VIII / TR P IIII (later 196),
RIC 727, IMP VIII / TR P V (early 197), or
RIC 730a, IMP VIIII / TR P V (c. late spring 197, a mule from an old rev. die).ecoli
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2014.105.6Alexander III, The Great, Uncertain Mint Western Asia Minor (c. 323 - c. 310 BC)
AE18; 5.71 g; 3h
Obverse: Head of Heracles right, wearing lion's skin.
Reverse: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ, between bow in decorated case and club, torch to left in exergue.
Ref: Price 2800(f); SNG Munich 919;gordian_guy
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2014.246.4Elaiousa-Sebaste (c. 150-50 BC)
AE22; 7.90 g; 12h;
Obverse: Head of Zeus right; ΑΡ behind.
Reverse: ΕΛΑ-ΙΟΥΣΙΩΝ downward in left field; Monogram off left edge of flan; Nike advancing right, holding wreath in extended right hand.
Ref: cf SNG France 1151;gordian_guy
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2014.246.6Corycus (c. 150-50 BC)
AE21; 7.58 g; 12h
Obverse: Turreted head of City Goddess right. ΑΝ, behind
Reverse: ΔΙ/ΝΙ/ΑΝ, in three lines in left field magistrates initials; ΚΩΡΥΚΙΩΤΩΝ, downward in right field; Hermes, nude except for chlamys fastened around neck and hanging over left arm, and wearing petasos, and winged sandals, standing left; pater in extended right hand; caduceus in left.
Ref: cf SNG France 1086-1093;gordian_guy
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202-205 AD - CARACALLA AE27 of Nicopolis, Moesia Inferior obv:AV K M AVP ANTWNINOC
rev:VP AVP GALLOV NIKOPOLIT PROCI (eagle standing facing, wings spread, head right with wreath in its beak)
ref:Moushmov 1114v
mint:Nicopolis, 11.68g, 27mm
Legate Aurelius Gallus (c. AD202-205)berserker
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226-227 AD - SEVERUS ALEXANDER AE24 Markianopolis, Moesia Inferior obv: AVT K M AVP CEV ALEZANDROC
rev: HG OUM TEREBENTINOU MARKIANOPOLITWN (Nemesis standing left with scales & rod, wheel at foot)
ref: Moushmov 710v
mint: Markianapolis, 9.04gms, 24mm
Legate Umbrius Tereventinus (c.AD226-227)berserker
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25. Danelaw: Vikings of East Anglia: St Edmund Memorial Coinage.Penny, ca 890-905.
Obverse: +SC EADMVN RI / Large A with small crosses on each side.
Reverse: +DAEMOND MOTI / Large cross.
Moneyer: Daemond.
1.29 gm., 18 mm.
North #483; Seaby #960.
There are over 60 moneyers with Germanic or Norse names found on the St Edmund coins in the Cuerdale Hoard (c. 905). This number suggests there were quite a few mints producing this coinage. Several of the moneyers are also found on coinage of Edward the Elder and Athelstan from other parts of the country. This suggests that this issue, although in the name of the martyred East Anglian king, extended beyond East Anglia, and perhaps continued until East Anglia was regained by the English in 917-18. For more information, see A New History of the Royal Mint by Christopher E. Challis (Cambridge University Press, 1992).Callimachus
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3. Augustus (27 BC-AD 14)Denomination: AR Denarius
Date: 15-13 BC
Obv: AVGVSTVS DIVI•F, bare head right.
Rev: Bull butting right; IMP•X in exergue.
Diameter: 19mm
Weight: 3.88 grams
Mint: Lugdunum
RIC 167a
Ex Prof. David Beatty (C.M., O.B.E.) Collection.
Ex Roma Numismatics Auction XX Day 2 (30 October 2020), lot 522.
Ex Classical Numismatic Group Triton XXIII (14 January 2020), lot 646.
Ex Classical Numismatic Review XXI.2 (Winter 2001-2002), no. 56.Romancollector
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305b. Herennius EtruscusQuintus Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius (c. 227 - July 1, 251), was Roman emperor in 251, in a joint rule with his father Trajan Decius. Emperor Hostilian was his younger brother.
Herennius was born in Pannonia, during one of his father's military postings. His mother was Herennia Cupressenia Etruscilla, a Roman lady of an important senatorial family. Herennius was very close to his father and accompanied him in 248, as a military tribune, when Decius was appointed by Philip the Arab to deal with the revolt of Pacatianus in the Danube frontier. Decius was successful on defeating this usurper and felt confident to begin a rebellion of his own in the following year. Acclaimed emperor by his own troops, Decius marched into Italy and defeated Philip near modern Verona. In Rome, Herennius was declared heir to the throne and received the title of princeps iuventutis (prince of youth).
From the beginning of Herennius' accession, Gothic tribes raided across the Danube frontier and the provinces of Moesia and Dacia. At the beginning of 251, Decius elevated Herennius to the title of Augustus making him his co-emperor. Moreover, Herennius was chosen to be one of the year's consuls. The father and son, now joint rulers, then embarked in an expedition against king Cniva of the Goths to punish the invaders for the raids. Hostilian remained in Rome and the empress Herennia Etruscilla was named regent. Cniva and his men were returning to their lands with the booty, when the Roman army encountered them. Showing a very sophisticated military tactic, Cniva divided his army in smaller, more manageable groups and started to push back the Romans into a marshy swamp. On July 1, both armies engaged in the battle of Abrittus. Herennius died in battle, struck by an enemy arrow. Decius survived the initial confrontation, only to be slain with the rest of the army before the end of the day. Herennius and Decius were the first two emperors to be killed by a foreign army in battle.
With the news of the death of the emperors, the army proclaimed Trebonianus Gallus emperor, but in Rome they were succeeded by Hostilian, who would die shortly afterwards in an outbreak of plague.
Herennius Etruscus AR Antoninianus. Q HER ETR MES DECIVS NOB C, radiate draped bust right / CONCORDIA AVGG, clasped hands. RIC 138, RSC 4ecoli
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317. Tacitus Marcus Claudius Tacitus, (c.200 - 276) Roman Emperor from September 25, 275, to April 276, was a native of Interamna (Terni) in Umbria.
In the course of his long life he discharged the duties of various civil offices, including that of consul in 273, with universal respect.
Six months after the assassination of Aurelian, he was chosen by the senate to succeed him, and the choice was cordially ratified by the army. During his brief reign he set on foot some domestic reforms, and sought to revive the authority of the senate, but, after a victory over the Alans near the Palus Maeotis, he was assassinated at Tyana in Cappadocia.
Tacitus, besides being a man of immense wealth (which he bequeathed to the state) had considerable literary culture, and was proud to claim descent from the historian Gaius Cornelius Tacitus, whose works he caused to be transcribed at the public expense and placed in the public libraries.
However, modern research has cast considerable suspicion on this traditional image of Tacitus as a venerable old senator. Quite the contrary, evidence (from coins, for example) indicates that Tacitus was just another military emperor, whose only distiction from other short-lived emperors of the time was his attempt to cultivate the image of a learned man.
Tactitus Silvered AE Antoninianus. Gaul mint. IMP C M CL TACITVS P F AVG, radiate, draped & cuirassed bust right / FELICITAS SAECILI (sic), Felicity standing left, sacrificing over altar, holding a long cauduceus Ric 21
Checkecoli
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319. ProbusMarcus Aurelius Probus (c. 232–September/October, 282), Roman Emperor (276–282), was a native of Sirmium in Pannonia.
Siscia 651
Antoninianus
IMP C M AVR PROBVS AVG
Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
CONCORD MILIT
Concordia greeting Probus
V//XXI
RIC 651
ecoli
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320. CarusMarcus Aurelius Carus (c. 230 - late July/early August, 283), Roman emperor (282-283), was born probably at Narbona (more correctly, Narona -- now the ruins at Vid, Croatia) in Illyria, but was educated at Rome. He was a senator, and had filled various civil and military posts before he was appointed prefect of the Praetorian Guard by the emperor Probus. After the murder of Probus at Sirmium, Carus was proclaimed emperor by the soldiers.
Although Carus severely avenged the death of Probus, he was himself suspected of having been an accessory to the deed. He does not seem to have returned to Rome after his accession, but contented himself with an announcement of the fact to the Senate.
Bestowing the title of Caesar upon his sons Carinus and Numerian, he left Carinus in charge of the western portion of the empire, and took Numerian with him on the expedition against the Persians which had been contemplated by Probus. Having defeated the Quadi and Sarmatians on the Danube, Carus proceeded through Thrace and Asia Minor, conquered Mesopotamia, pressed on to Seleucia and Ctesiphon, and carried his arms beyond the Tigris.
His hopes of further conquest were cut short by his death. One day, after a violent storm, it was announced that he was dead. His death was variously attributed to disease, the effects of lightning, or a wound received in a campaign against the Huns. However it seems more probable that he was murdered by the soldiers, who were averse to further campaigns against Persia, at the instigation of Arrius Aper, prefect of the Praetorian Guard.
VF/VF Carus AE Antoninianus / Virtus
Attribution: VM 16
Date: 282-283 AD
Obverse: IMP C M AVR CARVS P F AVG, radiate bust r.
Reverse: VIRTVS AVGGG, Carus receiving globe from Jupiter
Size: 20.32 mm
Weight: 2.7 grams
Description: An attractive Carus ant
ecoli
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402. MaximianusMarcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Herculius (c. 250 - July, 310), known in English as Maximian, was Roman Emperor (together with Diocletian) from March 1, 286 to 305.
Born to a poor family near Sirmium (city in Pannonia), Maximian made a career in the army until 285, when the new emperor Diocletian, a friend of his, made him caesar (sub-emperor) and the ruler of the western part of the empire. The next year Maximian became augustus next to Diocletian, and in 293, when Diocletian introduced the Tetrarchy, Constantius Chlorus became Maximian's caesar and married Maximian's daughter Flavia Maximiana Theodora.
During his reign, Maximianus had several military successes, against the Alemanni and Burgundians in northern Germany, against the Carpi on the Danube frontier and against Carausius, who had rebelled in Britain and declared himself emperor there. He also strengthened the frontier defenses in Africa.
On May 1, 305, Diocletian and Maximian retired together; it is clear that this was not a voluntary act of Maximian's, but that he was forced to do so by Diocletian. Galerius and Constantius Chlorus became the new emperors; Flavius Valerius Severus and Maximinus Daia became their caesars. When Constantius died the next year, Maximian's son Maxentius took the western emperorship, and named Maximian to be his augustus. Maximian resolved the conflicts around this emperorship by defeating Severus and Galerius in battle and bringing Constantius' son Constantine on his side by having Constantine marry his daughter Fausta.
However, in 308 Maximian rebelled against his own son, and marched upon Rome, but was beaten and forced to find refuge with Constantine in Gaul. In 310 he declared himself emperor for the third time, but was unable to defend himself against Constantine, who forced him to commit suicide.
For his own and his colleagues' victories, Maximian received the titles Germanicus Maximus V, Sarmaticus Maximus III, Armeniacus Maximus, Medicus Maximus, Adiabenicus Maximus, Persicus Maximus II, Carpicus Maximus, Britannicus Maximus.
Maximianus 286-305, Reform Follis - Siscia Mint
9.16g
Obv: Bust of Maximianus right "IMP MAXIMIANVS PF AVG"
Rev: Moneta standing left holding a scale and cornucopiae "SACRA MONET AVGG E CAESS NOSTR" "SIS" in the exergue.
RIC 134becoli
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405a. HelenaFlavia Iulia Helena, also known as Saint Helena, Saint Helen, Helena Augusta, and Helena of Constantinople, (c.248 - c.329) was the first wife of Constantius Chlorus, and the mother of Emperor Constantine I. She is traditionally credited with finding the relics of the True Cross.
Many legends surround her. She was allegedly the daughter of an innkeeper. Her son Constantine renamed the city of Drepanum on the Gulf of Nicomedia as 'Helenopolis' in her honor, which led to later interpretions that Drepanum was her birthplace.
Constantius Chlorus divorced her (c.292) to marry the step-daughter of Maximian, Flavia Maximiana Theodora. Helena's son, Constantine, became emperor of the Roman Empire, and following his elevation she became a presence at the imperial court, and received the title Augusta.
She is considered by the Orthodox and Catholic churches as a saint, famed for her piety. Eusebius records the details of her pilgrimage to Palestine and other eastern provinces. She is traditionally credited (but not by Eusebius) with the finding of relics of the True Cross (q.v.), and finding the remains of the Three Wise Men, which currently reside in the Shrine of the Three Kings at Cologne Cathedral. Her feast day as a saint of the Orthodox Christian Church is celebrated with her son on May 21, the Feast of the Holy Great Sovereigns Constantine and Helen, Equal to the Apostles. Her feast day in the Roman Catholic Church falls on August 18.
At least 25 sacred wells currently exist in Britain that were dedicated to her. She is also the patron saint of Colchester.
Helena Follis. FL HELENA AVGVSTA, diademed and draped bust right / SECVRITAS REIPVBLICE, Securitas standing left, holding branch in right hand; PTR(crescent) in ex.ecoli
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410. Licinius IFlavius Galerius Valerius Licinianus Licinius (c. 250 - 325) was Roman emperor from 308 to 324.
Of Dacian peasant origin, born in Moesia Superior, Licinius accompanied his close friend the Emperor Galerius on the Persian expedition in 297. After the death of Flavius Valerius Severus, Galerius elevated Licinius to the rank of Augustus in the West on November 11, 308. He received as his immediate command the provinces of Illyricum, Thrace and Pannonia.
On the death of Galerius, in May 311, Licinius shared the entire empire with Maximinus Daia, the Hellespont and the Bosporus being the dividing line.
In March 313 he married Flavia Julia Constantia, half-sister of Constantine, at Mediolanum (now Milan), the occasion for the jointly-issued "Edict of Milan" that restored confiscated properties to Christian congregations though it did not "Christianize" the Empire as is often assumed, although it did give Christians a better name in Rome. In the following month (April 30), Licinius inflicted a decisive defeat on Maximinus at Battle of Tzirallum, after Maximinus had tried attacking him. He then established himself master of the East, while his brother-in-law, Constantine, was supreme in the West.
In 314 his jealousy led him to encourage a treasonable enterprise in favor of Bassianus against Constantine. When his actions became known, a civil war ensued, in which he was first defeated at the battle of Cibalae in Pannonia (October 8, 314), and next some 2 years later (after naming Valerius Valens co-emperor) in the plain of Mardia (also known as Campus Ardiensis) in Thrace. The outward reconciliation left Licinius in possession of Thrace, Asia Minor, Syria and Egypt, but he later added numerous provinces to Constantine's control.
In 324 Constantine, tempted by the "advanced age and unpopular vices" of his colleague, again declared war against him, and, having defeated his army at the battle of Adrianople (July 3, 324), succeeded in shutting him up within the walls of Byzantium. The defeat of the superior fleet of Licinius by Flavius Julius Crispus, Constantine’s eldest son, compelled his withdrawal to Bithynia, where a last stand was made; the battle of Chrysopolis, near Chalcedon (September 18), resulted in his final submission. He was interned at Thessalonica under a kind of house arrest, but when he attempted to raise troops among the barbarians Constantine had him and his former co-emperor Martinianus assassinated.
O: IMP LICINIVS AVG; Emperor, facing left, wearing imperial mantle, holding mappa and globe.
R: IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG; Jupiter standing left holding Victory; palm to left, epsilon in right field, SMN in exergue. Sear 3804, RIC Nicomedia 24 (Scarce), Failmezger #278. Remarkable detail on this nicely silvered Late Roman bronze, ex Crisp Collection.
ecoli
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505. Constantius GallusFlavius Claudius Constantius Gallus (c. 325/326 - 354), better known as Gallus Caesar, was a member of the Constantinian dynasty and Caesar of the Eastern Roman Empire (351-354). Gallus was consul three years, from 352 to 354.
Son of Julius Constantius by his first wife Galla, Gallus' paternal grandparents were Western Roman Emperor Constantius Chlorus and his second wife Flavia Maximiana Theodora. Julius Constantius was also a half-brother of Roman Emperor Constantine I, and thus Gallus was a first cousin of Roman Emperors Constantine II, Constantius II and Constans.
Born in Massa Veternensis, Italia, young Gallus saw his father killed by order of his cousin Constantius II.
Gallus became Caesar of the East on March 15 351, added the name of Constantius to his own, and set up residence in Antioch. In order to create a loyality bond with his Caesar, Constantius gave him his elder sister Constantina as wife. Gallus ruled the city in such a severe way that people complained to Constantius, who had him arrested. On the way to his summons he was executed.
His youger half-brother Julian became later Emperor.
Constantius Gallus. 351-354 AD. DN CONSTANTIVS IVN NOB C, bare head bust right, draped & cuirassed / FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier spearing fallen horseman, ASIS in ex. RIC 351ecoli
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703b, Tiberius, 19 August 14 - 16 March 37 A.D., Hierapolis, PhrygiaBronze AE 16, RPC I 2966 (1 specimen), F, Phrygia, Hierapolis, 3.300g, 15.6mm, 0o; Obverse: TIBEPIOC KAISAR, laureate head right; Reverse: IERAPOLEITWN ZOSIMOS [...], Apollo Archegetes (Lairbenos) standing left, playing lyre; reverse countermarked with star of six rays, in oval punch, 2.5 x 3.5 mm, Howgego 445 (3 pcs, 1 of which from this magistrate); dark patina; very rare. Ex FORVM.
De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families
TIBERIUS (A.D. 14-37)
Garrett G. Fagan
Pennsylvania State University
The reign of Tiberius Claudius Nero (b. 42 B.C., d. A.D. 37, emperor A.D. 14-37) is a particularly important one for the Principate, since it was the first occasion when the powers designed for Augustus alone were exercised by somebody else. In contrast to the approachable and tactful Augustus, Tiberius emerges from the sources as an enigmatic and darkly complex figure, intelligent and cunning, but given to bouts of severe depression and dark moods that had a great impact on his political career as well as his personal relationships. His reign abounds in contradictions. Despite his keen intelligence, he allowed himself to come under the influence of unscrupulous men who, as much as any actions of his own, ensured that Tiberius's posthumous reputation would be unfavorable; despite his vast military experience, he oversaw the conquest of no new region for the empire; and despite his administrative abilities he showed such reluctance in running the state as to retire entirely from Rome and live out his last years in isolation on the island of Capri. His reign represents, as it were, the adolescence of the Principate as an institution. Like any adolescence, it proved a difficult time.
. . . .
It is all but inevitable that any historical assessment of Tiberius will quickly devolve into a historiographical assessment of Tacitus. So masterful is Tacitus's portrayal of his subject, and so influential has it been ever since, that in all modern treatments of Tiberius, in attempting to get at the man, must address the issue of Tacitus's historiographical methods, his sources, and his rhetoric. The subject is too vast to address here, but some points are salient. Tacitus's methods, especially his use of innuendo and inference to convey notions that are essentially editorial glosses, makes taking his portrayal of Tiberius at face value inadvisable. Further, his belief in the immutable character of people -- that one's character is innate at birth and cannot be changed, although it can be disguised -- prevents him from investigating the possibility that Tiberius evolved and developed over his lifetime and during his reign. Instead, Tacitus's portrayal is one of peeling back layers of dissimulation to reach the "real" Tiberius lurking underneath.
Overall, Tiberius's reign can be said to show the boons and banes of rule by one man, especially a man as dark, awkward, and isolated as Tiberius. For the people of the provinces, it was a peaceful and well-ordered time. Governors behaved themselves, and there were no destructive or expensive wars. In the domestic sphere, however, the concentration of power in one person made all the greater the threat of misbehavior by ambitious satellites like Sejanus or foolish friends like Piso. Furthermore, if the emperor wished to remain aloof from the mechanics of power, he could do so. Administrators, who depended on him for their directions, could operate without his immediate supervision, but their dealings with a man like Sejanus could lead to disaster if that man fell from grace. As a result, although he was not a tyrant himself, Tiberius's reign sporadically descended into tyranny of the worst sort. In the right climate of paranoia and suspicion, widespread denunciation led to the deaths of dozens of Senators and equestrians, as well as numerous members of the imperial house. In this sense, the reign of Tiberius decisively ended the Augustan illusion of "the Republic Restored" and shone some light into the future of the Principate, revealing that which was both promising and terrifying.
[For the complete article please refer to http://www.roman-emperors.org/tiberius.htm]
By Garrett G. Fagan, Pennsylvania State University.
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.
Hierapolis in History
Usually said to be founded by Eumenes II, king of Pergamum (197-159 BC), Hierapolis may actually have been established closer to the 4th century BC by the Seleucid kings.
The name of the city may derive from Hiera, the wife of Telephus (son of Hercules and grandson of Zeus), the mythical founder of Pergamum. Or it may have been called the "sacred city" because of the temples located at the site. (The name Pamukkale is sometimes used just to refer to the white terraces, but the modern name of the whole area is also Pamukkale.)
With Colossae and Laodicea, Hierapolis became part of the tri-city area of the Lycus River valley. Hierapolis was located across the river from the other two cities and was noted for its textiles, especially wool. The city was also famous for its purple dye, made from the juice of the madder root.
The hot springs at Hierapolis (which still attract visitors today) were believed to have healing properties, and people came to the city to bathe in the rich mineral waters in order to cure various ailments.
Hierapolis was dedicated to Apollo Lairbenos, who was said to have founded the city. The Temple of Apollo that survives in ruins today dates from the 3rd century AD, but its foundations date from the Hellenistic period.
Also worshipped at Hierapolis was Pluto, god of the underworld, probably in relation to the hot gases released by the earth (see the Plutonium, below). The chief religious festival of ancient Hierapolis was the Letoia, in honor of the the goddess Leto, a Greek form of the Mother Goddess. The goddess was honoured with orgiastic rites.
Hierapolis was ceded to Rome in 133 BC along with the rest of the Pergamene kingdom, and became part of the Roman province of Asia. The city was destroyed by an earthquake in 60 AD but rebuilt, and it reached its peak in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD.
Famous natives of Hierapolis include the Stoic philosopher Epictetus (c.55-c.135 AD) and the philosopher and rhetorician Antipater. Emperor Septimus hired Antipater to tutor his sons Caracalla and Geta, who became emperors themselves.
Hierapolis had a significant Jewish population in ancient times, as evidence by numerous inscriptions on tombs and elsewhere in the city. Some of the Jews are named as members of the various craft guilds of the city. This was probably the basis for the Christian conversion of some residents of Hierapolis, recorded in Colossians 4:13.
In the 5th century, several churches as well as a large martyrium dedicated to St. Philip (see "In the Bible," below) were built in Hierapolis. The city fell into decline in the 6th century, and the site became partially submerged under water and deposits of travertine. It was finally abandoned in 1334 after an earthquake. Excavations began to uncover Hierapolis in the 19th century.
Hierapolis in the Bible
Hierapolis is mentioned only once in the Bible, when St. Paul praises Epaphras, a Christian from Colossae, in his letter to the Colossians. Paul writes that Epaphras "has worked hard for you and for those in Laodicea and in Hierapolis" (Colossians 4:12-13). Epaphras was probably the founder of the Christian community at Hierapolis.
Ancient tradition also associates Hierapolis with a biblical figure, reporting that Philip died in Hierapolis around 80 AD. However, it is not clear which Philip is menat. It could be Philip the Apostle, one of the original 12 disciples, who is said to have been martyred by upside-down crucifixion (Acts of Philip) or by being hung upside down by his ankles from a tree.
Or Philip could be Philip the Evangelist, a later disciple who helped with administrative matters and had four virgin-prophetess daughters (Acts 6:1-7; 21:8-9). Early traditions say this Philip was buried in Hierapolis along with his virgin daughters, but confusingly call him "Philip the Apostle"! In any case, it seems a prominent person mentioned in Acts did die in Hierapolis.
Sacred Destinations - Hierapolis-Pamukkale
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.Cleisthenes
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ABURIA 6M. Aburius M.f. Geminus (c. BC 132) (Denarius fourrè)Rugser
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Achaemenid siglos (c. 420 - 375 BC)Obv.: Persian king (or hero) kneeling or running right, holding spear and bow
rev.: irregular punchesGinolerhino
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Achaian League, Elis, ca. 50 BC, AR Hemidrachm Laureate head of Zeus right, KA monogram in outer right field.
Wreath surrounding AX monogram in centre; FA monogram to left, Ω above ELIΣ monogram (Elis) in upper field and XE monogram to right, thunderbolt below.
BCD Peloponnesos 685 (this coin); HGC 5, 540 (R2); Clerk 261; SNG Copenhagen 306.
(15 mm, 2.39 g, 6h).
Classical Numismatic Group e-Auction 160, 14 March 2007, 44; ex- BCD collection: LHS Auction 96, 8-9 May 2006, 685; ex- Danish National Museum, Copenhagen (c.f. SNG Cop 306 deaccessioned duplicate).n.igma
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Aegina, Attica, (c. 360-350 B.C.), AE-12, SNG Cop 533, -/-//--, Refined skew, #1Aegina, Attica, (c. 360-350 B.C.), AE-12, SNG Cop 533, -/-//--, Refined skew, #1
avers: Two dolphins, "A" between.
reverse: Refined skew.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 11,5-12,5mm, weight: 1,53g, axes: 10h,
mint: Aegina, Attica, date: c. 360-350 B.C., ref: SNG Cop 533, BMC Attica pg.143, 206ff, Laffaille 359.
Q-001quadrans
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AELIA 4C. Allius Bala (c. BC 92) - Simbol below revers: cricketRugser
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AELIA 4C. Allius Bala (c. BC 92) - symbol below on reverse : griffonRugser
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AEMILIA 20M. Aemilius Lepidus (c. BC 61)Rugser
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AEMILIA 7Man. Aemilius Lepidus (c. BC 114/13)Rugser
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AEMILIA 7M. Aemilius Lepidus (c. BC 114/113)Rugser
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AEMILIA 7M. Aemilius Lepidus (c. BC 114/113)Rugser
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Aeolis, Elaea, (c. 350-300 B.C.), SNG Cop 169,170, AE-10, E/Λ//--, Olive wreath, #1Aeolis, Elaea, (c. 350-300 B.C.), SNG Cop 169,170, AE-10, E/Λ//--, Olive wreath, #1
avers: Helmeted head of Athena left.
reverse: E-Λ to left and right of barley corn in olive wreath.
exergue: E/Λ//--, diameter: 10,0 mm, weight: 1,36g, axes: 3h,
mint: Aeolis, Elaea, date: c. 350-300 B.C., ref: SNG Cop 169,170,
Q-001quadrans
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Aeolis, Elaea, (c. 350-300 B.C.), SNG Cop 169,170, AE-11, E/Λ//--, Olive wreath, #2Aeolis, Elaea, (c. 350-300 B.C.), SNG Cop 169,170, AE-11, E/Λ//--, Olive wreath, #2
avers: Helmeted head of Athena left.
reverse: E-Λ to left and right of barley corn in olive wreath.
exergue: E/Λ//--, diameter: 10,8 mm, weight: 1,48g, axes: 11h,
mint: Aeolis, Elaea, date: c. 350-300 B.C., ref: SNG Cop 169,170,
Q-002quadrans
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Aeolis, Elaea, (c. 450-400 B.C.), SNG Cop 164, AR-Hemiobol, Olive wreath, #1Aeolis, Elaea, (c. 450-400 B.C.), SNG Cop 164, AR-Hemiobol, Olive wreath, #1
avers: Archaic head of Athena left, in the crested helmet.
reverse: Olive wreath, E-Λ, (or E Λ A I), below.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 7,0 mm, weight: 0,31g, axes: 6h,
mint: Aeolis, Elaea, date: c. 450-400 B.C.,
ref: SNG Cop 164, SNG von Aulock 7680, Klein 329,
Q-001quadrans
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Aeolis, Grynion, (c. 4th. century B.C.), SNG Cop 205,206, AE-10, -/-//--, ΓYP/NH, Mussel-shell, Scarce! #1Aeolis, Grynion, (c. 4th. century B.C.), SNG Cop 205,206, AE-10, -/-//--, ΓYP/NH, Mussel-shell, Scarce! #1
avers: Laureate head of Apollo, 3/4 facing left.
reverse: ΓYP/NH, Mussel-shell.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 10,0-11,0 mm, weight: 2,04g, axes: 6h,
mint: Aeolis, Grynion, date: c. 4th. century B.C., ref: SNG Cop 205,206, SNG Ashm 1447–8,
Q-001quadrans
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Aeolis, Kyme, (c. 250-200 B.C.), SNG Cop 096, AE-19, KY/-//ΔIOΔΩPOΣ, Horse advancing right, #1Aeolis, Kyme, (c. 250-200 B.C.), SNG Cop 096, AE-19, KY/-//ΔIOΔΩPOΣ, Horse advancing right, #1
avers: Head of the Amazon Kyme right wearing taenia.
reverse: Horse advancing right, KY above, jug below raised leg, ΔIOΔΩPOΣ (Magistrate BMC 60) in exergue.
exergue: KY/-//ΔIOΔΩPOΣ, diameter: 18,5-19,5mm, weight: 6,98g, axes: 0h,
mint: Aeolis, Kyme, date: c. 250-200 B.C., ref: SNG Cop 96, BMC 60,
Q-001quadrans
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Aeolis, Kyme, (c. 250-200 B.C.), SNG Cop 101, AE-19, KY/-//ΠYΘIΩN, Horse advancing right, #1Aeolis, Kyme, (c. 250-200 B.C.), SNG Cop 101, AE-19, KY/-//ΠYΘIΩN, Horse advancing right, #1
avers: Head of the Amazon Kyme right wearing taenia.
reverse: Horse advancing right, KY above, jug below raised leg, ΠYΘIΩN (Magistrate Phytas same as ΠΥΤΑΣ i.e BMC 71-72) in exergo.
exergue: KY/-//ΠYΘIΩN, diameter: 18,0-19,5mm, weight: 6,61g, axes: 0h,
mint: Aeolis, Kyme, date: c. 250-200 B.C., ref: SNG Cop 101,
Q-001quadrans
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Aeolis, Kyme, (c. 350-250 B.C.), BMC 16-20, AE-11, Eagle standing right, #1Aeolis, Kyme, (c. 350-250 B.C.), BMC 16-20, AE-11, Eagle standing right, #1
avers: K-Y to left and right of a cup with one handle.
reverse: Eagle standing right.
exergue: K/Y//--(in avers), diameter: 10,5-11,3mm, weight: 1,32g, axes: 5h,
mint: Aeolis, Kyme, date: c. 350-250 B.C., ref: BMC 16-20, SNG von Aulock 1625, SNG Newcastle SNGuk,1301 0449.
Q-001quadrans
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Aeolis, Kyme, (c. 480-450 B.C.), SNG Cop 031,32, AR-Hemiobol, Quadripartite incuse square, #1Aeolis, Kyme, (c. 480-450 B.C.), SNG Cop 031,32, AR-Hemiobol, Quadripartite incuse square, #1
avers: Eagle's head left, retrograde K before Y below.
reverse: Quadripartite incuse square divided by raised lines.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 7,3mm, weight: 0,46g, axes: 0h,
mint: Aeolis, Kyme, date: c. 480-450 B.C., ref: SNG Cop 31,32, BMC 60,
Q-001quadrans
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Aeolis, Myrina, (c. 200-0 B.C.), SNG Cop 226, AE-12, MY/PI//--, Amphora, #1Aeolis, Myrina, (c. 200-0 B.C.), SNG Cop 226, AE-12, MY/PI//--, Amphora, #1
avers: Radiate head of Helios right, border of dots
reverse: MY-ΡI, Amphora.
exergue: MY/PI//--, diameter: 11,5 mm, weight: 2,02g, axes: 0h,
mint: Aeolis, Myrina, date: c. 200-0 B.C., ref: SNG Cop 226, Weber 5570, BMC 32, Lindgren I 412,
Q-001quadrans
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Aeolis, Temnos, Pseudo-autonomous issue, (c. 253-268 A.D.), SNG Cop 274, AE-19, THMNEITΩN, Tyche standing left, #1Aeolis, Temnos, Pseudo-autonomous issue, (c. 253-268 A.D.), SNG Cop 274, AE-19, THMNEITΩN, Tyche standing left, #1
avers: TH MNOC, Turreted draped bust of Temnos right.
reverse: THMNEITΩN, Tyche standing left holding rudder and cornucopiae.
exergue: -/-//--, diameter: 18,5mm, weight: 4,66g, axes: 6h,
mint: Aeolis, Temnos, date: c. 253-268 A.D., ref: SNG Cop 274, BMC 18, SNG v.A. 1677,
Q-001quadrans
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Akarnanie, Ligue akarnanienne AR drachme (c.200-197 AC)HGC.4,724
Ex PeusT.MooT
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Alexander IIIAlexander III AR Tetradrachm. ‘Amphipolis’ mint. Struck under Kassander, circa 316-314 BC. Head of Herakles right, wearing lion skin headdress / Zeus Aëtophoros seated left; shield in left field, pellet-in-Î below throne. 17.1 g.
Price 136; Troxell, Studies, issue L8.
Thanks for the atribution Lloyd!
Most lifetime issues of Alexander the Great were usualy bulky/thick, which did not alow for the entire design of the die to imprint on the coin. IMO looked better then the wide thin flan. (edit: though this one is Struck under Kassander)
The coin was hand stuck with a die/avil. Dies were usually made of Bronze because it was sofeter and easier to work with then iron, (though some were made of iron as well) then the was anealed to make it stronger and less brittle.
The planchets were made by pouring molten metal into a mold and saved until needed. When it was ready to be used, they heated it just below melting point and placed it between the dies and the punch die was struck with a hammer.
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"Building upon his father's success in Greece, Alexander III (Alexander the Great, reigned 336-323 BC) set about the conquest of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. By the time of his death at the age of 31, he ruled most of the known world from Greece to Afghanistan. Initially Alexander continued to mint Philip's gold and silver coins. Soon, however, the need for a silver coinage that could be widely used in Greece caused him to begin a new coinage on the Athenian weight-standard. His new silver coins, with the head of Herakles on one side and a seated figure of Zeus on the other, also became one of the staple coinages of the Greek world. They were widely imitated within the empire he had forged."
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"......Alexander seems to have liked Amphipolis, because one of his last plans was to spend no less than 315 ton silver for a splendid new temple in the city that was to be dedicated to Artemis Tauropolus. It was never built, but after Alexander's death on 11 June 323 in Babylon, his wife queen Roxane settled in Amphipolis, which appears to have become one of the residences of the Macedonian royals. In 179, king Philip V died in the town."
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Amphipolis , ancient city of Macedonia, on the Strymon (Struma) River near the sea and NE of later Thessaloníki. The place was known as Ennea Hodoi [nine ways] before it was settled and was of interest because of the gold and silver and timber of Mt. Pangaeus (Pangaion), to which it gave access. Athenian colonists were driven out (c.464 BC) by Thracians, but a colony was established in 437 BC Amphipolis became one of the major Greek cities on the N Aegean. This colony was captured by Sparta, and Brasidas and Cleon were both killed in a battle there in 422 BC After it was returned to Athens in 421 BC, it actually had virtual independence until captured (357 BC) by Philip II of Macedon. He had promised to restore it to Athens, and his retention of Amphipolis was a major cause of the war with Athens. In 148 BC it became the capital of the Roman province of Macedonia. Paul, Silas, and Timothy passed through Amphipolis (Acts 17.1). Nearby is the modern Greek village of Amfípolis."
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"A quick look at the WildWinds database( http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/greece/macedonia/kings/alexander_III/t.html ) indicates that the style and monograms are consistent with an Amphipolis issue, with perhaps a little less care than usual in the engraving of the reverse. The closest I could locate with a quick look is Price 133 (variant), although yours appears to have a shield rather than dolphin in the left field reverse."
Randygeki(h2)
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Ambiens (Région d'Amiens) Bronze IMONO au cavalier (c. 60-40 AC.)avers : Anépigraphe. Trois volutes en forme d'oiseaux concentriques ornées d'un besant. Grènetis.
revers : IMONO, les O pointés. Cavalier galopant à droite, stylisé, brandissant une épée ; le cheval est orné d’un annelet centré.
LT.8507 - DT.503 - ABT.pl. III, n° 18 - RIG.186 - Sch/SM.- - Sch/D.- - Sch/GB.442 var. série 104
17mm; 2.71g;
T.MooT
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Ambiens (Région d'Amiens) Bronze IMONO au cavalier (c. 60-40 AC.)droit: Anépigraphe. Trois volutes en forme d'oiseaux concentriques ornées d'un besant. Grènetis.
revers: IMONO, les O pointés. Cavalier galopant à droite, stylisé, brandissant une épée; le cheval est orné d’un annelet centré.
17mm; 2.71g;
Référence : LT.8507 - DT.503 - ABT.pl. III, n° 18 - RIG.186 - Sch/SM.- - Sch/D.- - Sch/GB.442 var. série 104 T.MooT
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Ambiens (Région d'Amiens). Bronze aux sangliers affrontés (c. 60-40 AC.)a: Deux sangliers affrontés dos à dos ; au milieu, trois annelets ; à gauche un bucrane et à droite un croissant.
r: Cheval passant à droite ; entre les jambes, un bucrane ; au-dessus, un petit animal . Devant la tête du cheval, un symbole couché en forme d’accolade.
15.2mm; 2.51g; 12h
Référence : LT.8518; DT.464 T.MooT
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Ambiens. Bronze aux sangliers affrontés (c. 60-40 AC.)a: Deux sangliers affrontés dos à dos; au milieu, trois annelets; à gauche un bucrane et à droite un croissant.
r: Cheval passant à droite; entre les jambes, un bucrane; au-dessus, un petit animal; devant la tête du cheval, un symbole couché en forme d’accolade. Annelets autour du cheval.
15mm; 3.03g
Référence : LT.8519 T.MooT
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Anastasius (SB 13)Anastasius (c. 430-518), Byzantine Emperor (491-518). Æ (8 mm, 0.60 g), Constantinople. Obverse: bust right, no legend. Reverse: monogram of Anastasius. DOC I 15; MIB I 40; SB 13.Jan
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ANGLO-SAXON, England, Aethelred II 978 = 1016, Silver PennyObv. Diademed bust right, without scepter.
Rev. Hand of providence between alpha & omega, issuing from cloud composed of parallel lines
S-1144 - First hand type
Æthelred the Unready, or Æthelred II (c. 968 - 23 April 1016), was king of England (978 - 1013 and 1014 - 1016). He was son of King Edgar and Queen Ælfthryth. Æthelred was only about 10 (no more than 13) when his half-brother Edward was murdered. Æthelred was not personally suspected of participation, but as the murder was committed at Corfe Castle by the attendants of Ælfthryth, it made it more difficult for the new king to rally the nation against the military raids by Danes, especially as the legend of St Edward the Martyr grew. Later, Æthelred ordered a massacre of Danish settlers in 1002 and also paid tribute, or Danegeld, to Danish leaders from 991 onwards. His reign was much troubled by Danish Viking raiders. In 1013, Æthelred fled to Normandy and was replaced by Sweyn, who was also king of Denmark. However, Æthelred returned as king after Sweyn died in 1014.
"Unready" is a mistranslation of Old English unræd (meaning bad-counsel) - a twist on his name "Æthelred" (meaning noble-counsel). A better translation would be Redeless - without counsel (Rede).Richard M10
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ANTESTIA 9L. Antestius Gragulus (c. BC 136)Rugser
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Antigonos I monophthalmosKINGS of MACEDON. Antigonos I Monophthalmos. As king, 306/5-301 BC. Æ Unit (16mm, 4.56 g, 12h). Salamis mint. Struck under Demetrius I Poliorketes. Macedonian shield, boss decorated with facing gorgoneion / Macedonian helmet; kerykeion and monogram to lower left and right. Price 3159 (c. 323-315 BC); Zapiti & Michaelidou 7–8..ecoli
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Antioch, Revised Posthumous Philip, RPC 4136Antioch Mint, revised posthumous Philip, year = 19 (31/30 B.C.) AR, 26mm 14.39g, RPC 4136, Newell, no. 23
O: Diademed head of Philip Philadelphus, r.
R: BAEILEWE FILIPPOY EPIFANOYE FILADELFOY, Zeus, seated l., holding Nike and scepter
EX: THI
* "In the early fifties, the Romans revived the coinage of King Philip Philadelphus to be their coinage of Syria, copying his types (portrait of Philip/Zeus seated l.), though in a debased style. The coinage lasted from then until the reign of Augustus, and was discussed most recently by H.R. Baldus (in CRWLR, pp. 127-30, with earlier references for H. Scying, E. T. Newell, A. R. Bellinger and C. M. Kraay). The first issues were made with the monogram of Gabinius (57-55 BC), Crassus (54/53 BC) and Cassius (52/51 BC). There after the establishment of a Caesarian era at Antioch in 44/48 BC, their monogram was replaced by one standing for Antioch )or ‘autonomous’: see Wr. 21) and the coins were dated in the exergue by the years of this era. Year 3-12 and, then with a new style (see E. T. Newell, NC, 1919, pp. 69ff.; Baldus, p. 150, n. 14) 19-33 are known.
It may seem odd that the Romans chose the Tetradrachm of Philip (92-83 BC) to revive, rather than those of the last king, Antiochus XII; it is true that the last substantial issue of Seleucid tetradrachms was made by Philip, so that his would have comprised a most important proportion of the currency (so Newell, pp 80-4; M. J. Price ap. Baldus, op. cit., p. 127), but it is hard to see that this provides a sufficient reason, and it is possible that some other consideration might be relevant. While Antiochus (c. 69-65 BC) was away campaigning against the Arabs, the people of Antioch revolted and put forward, as king, Philip, the son of Philip Philadelphus. As the claims of Antiochus were rejected by Pompey when he formed the province, the Roman view may have been that Philip was the last legitimate Seleucid king, and, if so, his coins would naturally have been chosen as the prototype of the Roman coinage in Syria.
The Philips were interrupted from year 12 until year 19, and it seems that in this gap the tetradrachms of Cleopatra and Antony were produced. The evidence for their production at Antioch, however, does not seem sufficient, and they have been catalogued elsewhere, under ‘Uncertain of Syria’ (4094-6). It is certain, however, that a unique drachm portraying Antony was produced at Antioch during this period, as it bears the ethnic ANTIOXEWN MHTPOPOLEWS. See also addenda 4131A.
After the defeat of Antony, the coinage of posthumous Philip was revived in 31/30 BC, though it is not clear whether this represents a conscious decision to avoid putting Octavian’s portrait on the coinage, as happened in Asia and Egypt (similarly, the portrait does not appear on city bronzes of Syria before the last decade BC) or whether it is just the simple reinstatement of the previous type, after the new type of Antony and Cleopatra became unacceptable. At any rate the coinage continued until at least year 33 (= 17/16 BC). Current evidence does not permit us to be sure that it continued any later, to the year 36 (= 14/13 BC), as Newell thought, though this is not impossible."
RPC I, pp. 606-607
casata137ec
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Antiochus IV 175-163 B.C.Antiochus IV Theos Epiphanes 175-163 B.C. Quasi-municipal issue (c. 168 - 164 B.C.), Alexandria by Issus (Alexandretta, modern Iskenderun), Ae 19.5~19.9mm. 8.11g. Obv: Diademed head of Antiochus IV, right, in tondo of Macedonian shield, one diadem end flying up behind and the other falling forward over shoulder. Rev: ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΕΩΝ on right, Zeus, standing facing, head left, holding wreath in outstretched hand. Controls: outer left. Ref: Seleucid Coins 1392; CSE 2, 328; SNG Paris 2405; Babelon 651.ddwau
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ANTONIA 1Q. Antonius Balbus (c. BC 83-2)Rugser
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ANTONIA 1Q. Antonius Balbus (c. BC 83/82)Rugser
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AQUILIA 1Man. Aquillius (c. BC 109-8) - Denarius fourrèRugser
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Aquilia Severa RIC V, 226Aquilia Severa, reg. AD 220, 2. and 4. wife of Elagabal
AR - Denar, 3.23g, 19.4mm
Rome AD 220 -221
obv. IVLIA AQVILIA SEVERA AVG
draped bust, bare head r., hair waved, fixed in plait;
later coiffure without 'visor' (C.Clay)
rev. CONCORDIA
Concordia standing l., holding patera r.and double cornucopiae l.; lightened
altar l. before her
star in r. field
RIC V/2, 226; C.2; BMCR.184
Rare; EF, virtually mintstate
VESTAL VIRGINS. Aquilia Severa was one of the six Vestal Virgins who carried out the maintenance of the sacred fire and other cult ceremonies connected to the goddess Vesta. Therefore her marriage with Elagabal leads to disturbances in the priestership and the people of Rome.Jochen
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AR Sceatta, Series-DEarly Anglo-Saxon, Continental Issues (c.695-740), AR Sceatta, Series D.
Crowned bust with runes ÆPA / Cross with four pellets, pseudo-legend around.
(Metcalf-187; N-163; S-792)
1.21 gmVacolony
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Archaic Gorgon Drachm, Olbia or Parion (?)Greek (Archaic). Black Sea Region, Olbia (or Mysia, Parion?) AR Drachm (3.80g, 14mm), c. 500-450 BCE.
Obv: Facing head of Gorgoneion, high forehead with bumps atop, open cavernous mouth with protruding tongue, large ears, and bulging eyes.
Rev: Irregular incuse pattern within square.
Ref: SNG BNF (Paris) 1352; see also 1351, 1343 (obv). Cf. SNG Cop 256; Asyut 612; Rosen 525
Prov: Ex-Savoca 28th Blue (26 Jan 2020), 2006 (part).
Coin-in-hand video (25s): [LINK].
Notes: Recently the traditional attribution to Parion has been challenged, Olbia increasingly gaining adherents.
Most references fail to distinguish between this variety (SNG BN 1351–52), which is rarer and considerably more artistic and desirable than the cruder, flatter style (SNG BN 1344–50). This type is also appreciably heavier, usually 3.75-4.0g, as opposed to 3.2-3.4g or less for the other. Sear (1979, GCV2: 3917, 3918) identified the heavier (c. 4gm) as a 3/4 Drachm and the smaller (c. 2.6gm) as a Hemidrachm. Both are dated similarly (late sixth or early fifth cent.) but should be viewed as separate types. The description above includes mention of larger mouth, eyes, and ears, along with high forehead and what appear to be bumps or horns in place of hair. The smaller, cruder style has long nose, narrower mouth, closer ears, and/or lower hairline with curly hair.
[ALT: Parium]Curtis JJ
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Argolis hemidrachmGreece, Argolis, Argos AR hemidrachm (c. 330-270 BC)
15mm; 2.39g; 0h;
o/ Forepart of a wolf left;
r/ Large A, A-P across upper fields, crescent below; all within incuse square.
HGC 5, 667 - BDC Peleponnesos 1094T.MooT
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Argolis, Argos, (c.c. 400-375 B.C.), BCD Peloponnesos 1120 (Head of Hera left), AE-10, Wolf,Argolis, Argos, (c.c. 400-375 B.C.), BCD Peloponnesos 1120 (Head of Hera left), AE-10, Wolf,
avers:- Head of Hera right, wearing stephane.
revers:- Wolf head left.
exe: -/-//--, diameter: 9-10mm, weight: 0,95g, axis: 1h,
mint: Argolis, Argos, date: c.c. 400-375 B.C., ref: Cf. BCD Peloponnesos 1120 (Head of Hera left). BMC-,
Q-001quadrans
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Artabanus II (c. A.D. 10 - 38) AR Drachm, 19mmArtabanus II (c. A.D. 10 - 38) AR Drachm,
Obv. bare-headed bust left with medium square cut beard, wearing diadem with loop at the top and three ends, hair almost straight, earring visible; border of dots.
Rev. beardless archer, seated right on throne; in right hand, bow; below bow monogram 26; Greek inscription ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ / ΑΡΣΑΚΟΥ / ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣ / ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ, legend on left read from outside.
Ref. Sellwood type 63.
Lee S
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Athenian Owl Silver TetradrachmAthens, Attica, Greece (c.454-404 BCE), Old Style Silver Tetradrachm, SNG Cop 31, SNG München 49, Kroll 8, Dewing 1611, Gulbenkian 519, HGC 4 1597, SGCV I 2526, EF, well-centred and struck on a tight flan, bold high relief, lightly toned, minor marks, reverse some hoard encrustations, small edge cracks, plain edge, weight 17.25g, composition Ag, diameter 23.0mm, thickness 6.4mm, die axis 330°, Athens mint, c.454-404 BCE; obverse head of Athena right, almond-shaped eye, wearing crested Attic helmet with olive leaves and floral scroll, wire choker, round earring, hair in parallel curves; reverse owl standing right, head facing, erect in posture, prong tail, olive sprig and crescent above left, AΘE downward on right, all within incuse square; from the Roger Belmar Collection; ex Silbury Coins (17 Dec 2020) with COA; £750.00.Serendipity
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Aulerques Éburovices (Région d'Évreux) Bronze au cheval et au sanglier (c.60-50 AC.)avers : Anépigraphe. Tête à gauche, les cheveux en forme de S.
revers : Anépigraphe. Cheval libre galopant à gauche ; au-dessus, un annelet; entre les jambes, un sanglier.
17mm; 3.08g; 9h
Référence : LT.7037 - DT.2451 - ABT.- - Sch/L.- - Sch/SM.- - Sch/D.- - Sch/GB.786 - Sch/E.- T.MooT
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Aulerques Éburovices (Région d'Évreux) Bronze IBRVIXS au cheval et au sanglier (c. 50-40 AC.)avers: IBVRVIXS. Tête féminine diadémée à droite, romanisée.
revers: Anépigraphe. Cheval libre galopant à gauche; au-dessous du cheval, un sanglier tourné à gauche surmontant un annelet centré ; au-dessus du cheval, deux rinceaux.
15mm; 2.35g; 3h
Référence : LT.7044 - DT.2434 - BN.7044-7045 - RIG.183 - Sch/GB.784 série 145 - Sch/L.- - Sch/E.171 - Z.- - BMCC.manque T.MooT
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Aulerques Eburovices (/Carnutes?). Bronze TITIVS (classe XI) au cheval et au sanglier (c. 40-30 AC.)avers : Profil diadémé à droite. Devant, légende TITIVS II.
revers : Anépigraphe. Cheval au galop à droite ; au-dessus, volute et tige végétale ; au-dessous sanglier à droite.
dt.2475
16mm; 1.9g; 3hT.MooT
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Aulerques Eburovices (/Carnutes?). Bronze TITIVS (classe XI) au cheval et au sanglier (c. 40-30 AC.)avers : Profil diadémé à droite. Devant, légende TITIVS II.
revers : Anépigraphe. Cheval au galop à droite ; au-dessus, volute et tige végétale ; au-dessous sanglier à droite.
16mm; 1.9g; 3h
Référence : DT.2475 T.MooT
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Éduens (Bibracte, région du Mont-Beuvray) Denier DVBNOCOV / DVBNOREIX (c. 70-50 AC.)avers : [D]VBNOCOV. Tête à droite ; un carquois derrière, légende devant le visage.
revers : DVBNOREI[X]. Personnage debout, de face. Une longue épée est suspendue à son flanc ; de la droite, il tient le carnyx et le sanglier enseigne ; de la gauche, une tête coupée. Légende à sa gauche.
13.5mm; 1.68g; 1h
Référence : LT.5044 - DT.3213 - RIG.142 T.MooT
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