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DenQLutatioCercobis.jpg
Denarius - 109-108 BC.
Q. LVTATIVS CERCO - Gens Lutatia
Obv.: ROMA CERCO, helmeted head of Roma (or Mars) right. XVI in monogram behind
Rev.: Q LVTATI, galley right within oak wreath.
Gs. 3,7 mm. 17,4
Crawford 305/1, Sear RCV 182.


Maxentius
DenCnCornelioBlasio.jpg
Denarius, 112/111 B.C. Rome Mint
CN. CORNELIVS CN.F. BLASIO - Gens Cornelia
Obv.:Mars, helmeted, right (or Scipio Africanus), CN. BLASIO CN.F. before (var. N retrograde), bucranium behind. XVI (in monogram) above
Rev.: Juno, Jupiter being crowned by Minerva; letter Θ in field, ROMA in ex.
Gs. 3,25 mm. 20,6x18,4
Crawford 296/1c, Sear RCV 173, Grueber 626



Maxentius
DenMNAquillius.jpg
Denarius - 109/108 BC. Rome mint.
MN. AQVILLIVS - Gens Aquillia
Obv.: Radiate head of Sol right. Before, X
Rev.: Luna (or Diana) in biga right; crescent moon and three stars above. Below, one star and MN (in monogram) AQVIL. In ex. ROMA
Gs. 3,7 mm. 18,81
Craw. 303/1, Sear RCV 180, Grueber II 645
1 commentsMaxentius
DenMinucioThermo.jpg
Denarius - 103 BC.
Q. MINVCIVS M.f. THERMVS - Gens Minucia
Obv.:Helmeted head of Mars (or Rome) left
Rev.: Q. THERM (THE in monogram) M.F. (in monogram) below two warriors in combat, one on left protecting a fallen man.
Gs. 4 mm. 19,37x20,10
Crawf. 319/1, Sear RCV 197

2 commentsMaxentius
DenTCloulio.jpg
Denarius - 128 BC. - Rome mint
T. CLOVLIVS (or CLOELIVS) - Gens Cloulia
Obv.: Helmeted head of Roma right, wreath behind. ROMA below
Rev.: Victory in biga right; grain ear below, T CLOVLI in ex.
Gs. 3,9 mm 19,37
Crawf. 260/1; Sear RCV Grueber I 1079.

Maxentius
DenCnDomizio.jpg
Denarius - 116/115 BC. Rome mint (or in Italy)
CNAEVS DOMITIVS - Gens Domitia (Curtia)
Obv.: Helmeted head of Roma right with curl on left shoulder, ROMA before, X behind
Rev.: Jupiter in quadriga right with thunderbolt & branch, CN DOMI in ex.
Gs. 3,9 mm. 19,02x19,30
Crawf. 285/1, Sear RCV 161, Grueber II 490 (Italy)

Maxentius
DenMPorcioLaeca.jpg
Denarius - 125 BC. - Rome (or in Italy) mint
M. PORCIVS LAECA - Gens Porcia
Obv.: Helmeted head of Roma right, LAECA behind
Rev.: Libertas in quadriga right with pileus, crowned by Victory, M PORC below, ROMA in ex.
Gs. 3,9 mm. 17,79x17,35
Crawf. 270/1, Sear RCV 146

Maxentius
coin630.jpg
Looks to me like a *very* beat-up Macedonian Alex III
'standard' type - Alexander in lion-skin headdress on
obverse, bow-case and club on reverse with some
inscription (often ALEXANDROY) in between them.
This might be the 1/2-size of the typical 5-7gm
20mm piece. Coin #630
cars100
sb360,29mm1491gpir.jpg
Obverse: DN IVSTINVS PP AVG (or similar) Justin, on L., and Sophia, on r., seated facing on double throne, both nimbate; he holds gl. cr., she holds cruciform sceptre; rarely with cross between heads.
Reverse: Large M between ANNP and regnal year (G,I) yr 7, cross above, officina letter "deta" below, In ex. CON.
Date: 569/70 CE
Mint: constantinople
Sear 360 DO 22-43
29mm 14.91 gm
wileyc
bizantina_1,6_gr___15mm.JPG
Manuel I. AE Tetarteron. Thessalonica mint. QGE to left, P-over-w GIOS (or O GEORGIOC) to left or QGE to left, WGIOC to right of bust facing of St. George, unbearded, nimbate, wearing tunic, cuirasse and cloak, holding spear and shield / MANVHL DECPOTH (or MANOVHL DEC), crowned, unbearded bust facing of Manuel, wearing loros, holding labarum and cross on globe. SB 1975, BMC 75-77.
1,6 gr. 15mm.
Antonivs Protti
bizantina_1,0_gr__11_mm.JPG
Manuel I, Comnenus. 1143-1180 AD. AE 1/2 Tetarteron, Greek Mint, 1.2 grams. AE14. (As SB1975 but much smaller). P-over-w GIOC to left of bust facing of St. George, unbearded, nimbate, wearing tunic, cuirass and cloak, holding spear and shield / MANVHL DECPOTH (or MANOVHL DEC), crowned, unbearded bust facing of Manuel, wearing loros, holding labarum and cross on globe. SB 1980, BMC 78.
1.0 gr. 11mm.
Antonivs Protti
bizantina_2,2_gr__16_mm.JPG
Manuel I. AE Tetarteron. Thessalonica mint. QGE to left, P-over-w GIOS (or O GEORGIOC) to left or QGE to left, WGIOC to right of bust facing of St. George, unbearded, nimbate, wearing tunic, cuirasse and cloak, holding spear and shield / MANVHL DECPOTH (or MANOVHL DEC), crowned, unbearded bust facing of Manuel, wearing loros, holding labarum and cross on globe. SB 1975, BMC 75-77.
2,2 gr. 16mm.
Antonivs Protti
britannicus01.jpg
AE sestertius. Struck under Claudius, circa 50-54 AD, uncertain eastern provincial mint located in the modern-day Balkans.
Obv : TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG F BRITANNICVS, draped bust left.
Rev : - No legend, Mars advancing left, holding spear and shield, SC in fields. 35mm, 19.4g. Extremely Rare.

Ref : BMCRE 226
Cohen 2
RCV 1908, valued at $32,000 in Fine, which is a few multiples greater than any other sestertius issued during the several centuries the denomination was in use.
A large number of the surviving examples of this series (one may even suggest a majority of them), due to their rarity, have been subjected to modern alteration techniques such as smoothing, tooling, and repatination. As such, it's actually pleasant to see a bit of field roughness and a 'plain brown' patina of old copper on this example, evidence that it is just as ugly as it was the day it was last used in circulation back in Ancient Rome.
Britannicus, originally known as Germanicus after Claudius' older brother, was the emperor's original intended heir and natural son. Machinations by Agrippina II eventually saw Britannicus supplanted by her own son Nero, (by Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus) who took the throne upon Claudius' suspicious death. Britannicus himself died a few years later, reportedly poisoned by his step-brother. The future emperor Titus and Britannicus were close friends, and Titus became quite ill and nearly died after eating from the same poisoned dish that killed Britannicus.
R. Smits
image00219.jpg
Carus, Divus. Died 283 AD. Antoninianus, 3.61g (5h). Lugdunum, . Obv: DIVO CARO PIO Head radiate right. Rx: CONSECRATIO Eagle standing left, head right, II (officina 2) in exergue. RIC 29. Bastien, Lyon 623 (48 spec.). Ex Berk 153, 13 March 2007, lot 372. Quant.Geek
image00327.jpg
Heraclius & Heraclius Constantine overstruck on Phocas & Leontia . 610-641 / 602-610. Æ follis (26.89 mm, 8.78 g, 6 h). Host coin, Theopolis (Antioch) mint, 602-610 / after 610. overstrike, Thessalonica mint. Overstrike: fragmentary, d N hЄRA[CLIЧS PP AVG] Host coin, also fragmentary, [O N FOCA] NЄ PЄ [AV] , Overstrike: Heraclius (on left, and Heraclius constantine, barely visible on right) standing facing, each holding globus cruciger, cross between their heads Host coin: Phocas on left and Leontia standing facing; Emperor holds globus cruciger, Empress holds cruciform scepter; cross between their heads / Overstrike, large M between A / N / N / O and date (not struck-up), cross above, B below, ΘЄC in exergue Host coin, large m between [A / N /] N / O and date (unclear) cross above, ThЄЧP' in exergue. Host coin, Cf. SBCV 671; Overstrike, Cf. SBCV 824. VF for type, dark green patina on devices, lighter encrustation on fields - overstrike at ~ 90º ccw.

multiply struck: host coin is Phocas & Leontia from Antioch, SBCV 671 or similar overstrike, at ~ 90º ccw, is Heraclius from Thessalonica
Quant.Geek
CARDINAL_THOMAS_WOLSEY.JPG
CARDINAL WOLSEY
When Henry VIII became King of England in 1509 he appointed Thomas Wolsey to the post of Almoner, a position that gave him a seat on the Privy Council and an opportunity for establishing a personal rapport with the King to such an extent that by 1514 Wolsey had become the controlling figure in virtually all matters of state. In 1515, he was awarded the title Archbishop of York and this, followed by his appointment that same year as Cardinal by Pope Leo X, gave him precedence over all other English clerics. His ecclesiastical power advanced even further in 1523 when the Bishop of Durham, a post with wide political powers, was added to his titles.
After Wolsey attained the position of Lord Chancellor, the King's chief adviser, he had achieved more power than any other Crown servant in English history and during his fourteen years of chancellorship Wolsey, who was often alluded to as an alter rex (other king), used his power to neutralise the influence of anyone who might threaten his position..
In spite of having made many enemies, Cardinal Wolsey retained Henry VIII's confidence until, in 1527, the King decided to seek an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon so that he could marry Anne Boleyn. Henry asked Wolsey to negotiate the annulment with the Pope and in 1528 the Pope decided to allow two papal legates, Wolsey himself and Cardinal Campeggio, to decide the outcome in England. Wolsey was confident of the outcome, but Campeggio took a long time to arrive, and then he delayed proceedings so much, that the case had to be suspended and the Pope decided that the official decision should therefore be made in Rome and not in England.
After his failure to negotiate the annulment, Wolsey fell out of favour with Henry and in 1529 he was stripped of his government office and property, including the magnificent Palace of Hampton Court, which Henry took as his own main London residence.
Wolsey was however permitted to retain the title of Archbishop of York and so he travelled to Yorkshire, for the first time in his career, to carry out those duties.
Now that he was no longer protected by Henry, Wolsey's enemies, including it is rumoured, Ann Boleyn, conspired against him and Henry had him arrested and recalled to London to answer to charges of treason, one of those being that with 'pompous and preposterous mind, he had enterprised to join and imprint the Cardinal's hat under the King's arms on the King's coin of groats made in the city of York'. But Wolsey, now in great distress, fell ill on the journey back to the capital and at Leicester, on 29 November 1530, aged about 57, he died from natural causes before he could be beheaded.
*Alex
19049780-5622-4DD1-A199-327D8E2D0AA0.jpeg
LUCANIA, Velia. 290-270 BC. AR Nomos (7.44 gm). Helmeted head of Athena decorated with griffin / Lion attacking stag. Williams.567 (o) (this coin). Nicely toned VF+, full crest. ex R T Williams collection. Ex: Baldwin’s Auction 75, lot 2264, September 26, 2012.3 commentspaul1888
Maxentius_Dioscuri_Ostia_RIC_16_blk.jpeg
Denomination: Follis
Era: 307-312 CE
Metal: AE
Obverse: IMP C MAXENTIVS P F AVG. Laureate head right.
Reverse: AETERNITAS AVG N / M OST Δ. Wolf and twins between the Dioscuri standing facing each other, their horses between
Mint: Ostia
Weight: 6.67g
Reference: RIC 16 (Ostia)
Provenance: Naumann Auction 101 lot 781
AEF.
1 comments
Caracalla_antoninianus.png
Caracalla, RIC 311d, Date 213-217 AD, Silver Antoninianus Rome, VENVS VICTRIX (with Helmet)
Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Caracalla
Antoninianus of the Roman Imperial Period 213/217 AD
Material: Silver
Diameter: 23mm
Weight: 5.19g
Mint: Rome
Reference: RIC IV Caracalla 311d var. (Rare, with Helmet)
Provenance: Ex Dr. Gernot Heinrich Collection

This ist the RIC 311d Version with Helmet under the shield. An fantastic Antoninianus with many details on obverse and reverse, fantastic Caracalla bust and a clear reverse Venus. Rare RIC, and more Rare in this condition.

Obverse:
You can see the right-facing bust of Caracalla with a radiant crown. The inscription reads: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG GERM for Antoninus Pius Augustus Germanicus.

Reverse:
The goddess Venus can be seen standing to the left, leaning on a shield. In her left hand she holds a Victoriola, in her right hand a spear. Standing, she leans on her shield and helmet. The inscription reads: VENVS VICTRIX for Venus Victrix (the victorious Venus).

Comments:
In ancient Rome, Venus Victrix is ​​the form of the goddess Venus as victor or „as the one who brings victory“. Especially Pompeius Magnus celebrated his military successes in their honor. This was probably inspired by the armed Aphrodite (nikephoros carrying victory) who protected the Acropolis in certain eastern regions of ancient Greece. In Rome, the victorious Venus was mainly in the third century BC increasingly invoked in the wars against Carthage. Iulius Caesar traced the descent of his family and thus his own from Venus (Venus Genitrix). Pompey, as his adversary, identified his glorious destiny with Venus Victrix in order to claim Venus‘ protection in the secret rivalry. After his victory in the war against Mithridates in 55 BC Pompeius celebrated his triumph „de orbi universo“ (over the whole world) and had a temple built for the victorious Venus, which unfortunately has not been preserved. The sanctuary of Venus Victrix stood on the Capitol, which was probably built during the war against the Samnites. Her feast days were August 12 and October 9, with an annual sacrifice being made on the latter date. At the same time, homage was also paid to Victoria, who closely connected the Romans with Venus Victrix.

Associating this type of coin directly with a specific historical event in the reign of Caracalla is difficult. This Antoninianus is between 213 and 217 AD dated. He could therefore retrospectively refer to the victories in the Germania campaign in 213 AD relate to the battles in Dacia against the Carps in 214 AD refer to or anticipate „the-victorious“ Venus Victrix to refer to the coming eastern campaign against the Parthians.
1 commentspaul1888
Philip_II_one_fifth_tetradrachm.jpg
MACEDON.Philip II 359-336 BC.AR.Fifth Tetradrachm, posthumus issue circa 323-316 BC.Mint of AMPHIPOLIS.
( 2.65g, 14.3mm, 1h)

Head of Apollo right wearing tainia.
Reverse.ΦIΛIΠΠ(OY), rider left, below grain ear.
Ref:SNG ANS 696-705
paul1888
89020FC6-DA40-4C7B-B74A-07B71EA31A56.jpeg
Metapontum, Lucania, c. 340 - 330 B.C.
|Italy|, |Metapontum,| |Lucania,| |c.| |340| |-| |330| |B.C.|, NEWLeukippos (or Leucippus) was a son of king Oinomaos of Pisa. He fell in love with the nymph Daphne and disguised himself as a girl to join her company. When she discovered his true identity in the bath, he was slain by the nymphs. Based on this portrait, his plan was doomed from the start.

Another Leukippos, unrelated to the coin, was a philosopher in the first half of 5th century B.C. This Leukippos was the first Greek to develop the theory of atomism; the idea that everything is composed entirely of various imperishable, indivisible elements called atoms. His theory was elaborated in far greater detail by his pupil and successor, Democritus. Leukippos was born in Miletus or Abdera.
GS110591. Silver nomos, Johnson-Noe B3.15 (same dies); SNG Fitzwilliam 497 (same); Historia Numorum Italy 1576; SNG ANS 443, VF, fine style, toned, areas weakly struck, irregularly shaped flan, Metapontion (Metaponto, Italy) mint, weight 7.812g, maximum diameter 22.5mm, die axis 315o, c. 340 - 330 B.C.; obverse ΛEYKIΠΠOΣ (clockwise from above), head of Leucippus right, bearded, wearing Corinthian helmet with a plain bowl, dog (control symbol) seated left behind; reverse barley ear, stalk and leaf on right, bird with open wings on leaf, META upward on left, AMI below leaf; from the CEB Collection, Ex: Numismatic Fine Arts, Inc, Summer Bid Sale, June 27, 1986, lot 45.
paul1888
IMG_3606.jpeg
Otacilia Severa, Augusta, 244-249. Sestertius (Orichalcum, 23 mm, 15.68 g, 12 h), Rome, 248. MARCIA OTACIL SEVERA AVG Diademed and draped bust of Otacilia Severa to right. Rev. SAECVLARES AVGG / S C Hippopotamus walking right. Cohen 65. RIC 200a.1 commentspaul1888
IMG_3773.jpeg
Apulian Black Glaze Lekythos. Ex Toledo Museum of Art 1912, ca. Late 4th Century BC. With a slightly rounded body, notched foot, and slender neck flaring to a wide flat lip. Single handle joining the neck and body. Ex Professor George N. Olcott, Columbia University, 189901912 (Olcott collection no. S 1672 and T-13); purchased from estate of Prof. Olcott, through his widow Zita Olcott, by Toledo Museum of Art in 1912, Accession no. 1912.1237. H. 7 5/8" (19.4 cm)..
4 commentspaul1888
Iron_Age_Britain_Cantii_Potin~0.JPG
2nd - 1st Century BC, IRON AGE BRITAIN, Tribe: Cantii, AE Potin, Minted between 100 and 30 BCObverse: No legend. Crude outline of head facing right; pellet within circle in centre.
Reverse: No legend. Crude lines representing a bull facing left, crescents above.
Flat Linear type, Class 1
Found, Thames Valley region, England
Diameter: 17mm | Weight: 1.9gms | Axis: 3h
BMC: 667-714 | SPINK: 63

The Cantii produced the first coins to be actually made in Britain.
These coins were cast in strips which were then cut into separate coins and as a result often retain characteristic cut edges from the runlets which joined them together.


THE CANTII (or Cantiaci)

The Cantii (after whom Kent and Canterbury are named) were the major tribal group in the South East region of England, bordered by the Atrebates, Regni and Catuvellauni.
This region was heavily influenced by continental cultures on the periphery of the early Roman world and this resulted in the Cantii producing the first coins actually made in Britain. These are known as “potins” and they were produced between the mid 2nd to the mid 1st century BC. The earliest versions are known as Kentish Primary, or Thurrock, types. Comparatively the later types, like those from the recently discovered Hillingdon Hoard, are of the “flat linear” type, which uses simplified and abstracted images. Similar coins from the late Iron Age have been found, but in much smaller quantities.
The word “potin” is of French origin and is used to describe these early coins which were cast in clay moulds from a copper alloy with a high tin content. They would have been shiny and silver-coloured when new, and though occasionally examples have turned up which retain this colouration, most coins by the time they get dug up have a characteristic black patina from tin oxidation. These were cast in strips which were then cut into separate coins and as a result often retain characteristic cut edges from the runlets which joined them together. The moulds themselves were made using “master” matrices of copper alloy which were cast with the design for one side of a coin in high relief and pressed into the clay. A rare example of a mould of this type was found a few miles west of the Surrey border in Hampshire.
The designs of the majority of potins found in England derive ultimately from coins produced in the Greek colonial Mediterranean city of Massalia (modern Marseilles) in southern Gaul in the late 4th century BC. These coins featured a head of Apollo on the obverse and a charging bull on the reverse. They were originally imported from the continent and later locally copied in the mid 2nd century BC, in the form of what are known as “Thurrock” types, which adhere closely to the original design. Later forms, known as “flat linear” types, greatly simplified this design into deep abstraction, ultimately reducing the head of Apollo to an outline and the bull to a trapezoidal arrangement of lines
We don’t know what these coins were called by the people who made them, or what they were worth in fiscal terms, but they are generally only found in south east England, which probably reflects the limits of the political and economic influence of the Cantii themselves. It isn't even clear what the role of these Iron Age coins actually was, though it is likely that they assisted in the maintenance of some kind of social power structure. Coins were not generally used as day to day currency by the people of Britain in the 1st and 2nd centuries BC, so apart from any monetary transactions, their range of uses probably included the storage of wealth, use as political tribute, and / or votive objects used as offerings to the gods.

CLICK ON MAP BELOW TO ENLARGE IT
4 comments*Alex
Nero_Den_RIC_60_reimaged.jpg
6 NeroNERO
AR Denarius (19mm, 3.43 g, 6h)
Rome mint. Struck ~65-66 AD

O: Laureate head right

R: Salus seated left on throne, holding patera.

RIC I 60; RSC 314. aVF

Ex-CNG Sale 35, Lot 737, 9/20/95

In AD 65-66 two new types appear on the coins of Nero, Jupiter Custos- “Guardian”, and Salus- “Well-Being” (of the emperor). Nero gave thanks for surviving the Pisonian Conspiracy, which got its name from G. Calpurnius Piso, a senator put forward as an alternative emperor by senior military officers and government officials who feared the increasingly erratic Nero. The plot was discovered, many prominent Romans were executed, and others, such as the philosopher Seneca, were forced to commit suicide. This delayed the emperor’s fate for a few years.

RI0043
1 commentsSosius
Nero_Prov_As.jpg
6 Nero AE AsNERO
AE As
Moesia or Balkan mint (Perinthus, Thrace?)

O: NERO CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG GERM P M, Laureate head right

R: S-C, Neptune standing left, holding dolphin and trident.

RPC I 1760; BMCRE 391 note, pl. 48, 11; WCN pg. 245, 1 var. (obverse legend); RIC: not listed but mentioned on pp. 186-187.

Fine/Good
RI0044
Sosius
rjb_car_844.jpg
88cfCarausius 287-93AD
Antoninianus
Obv “IMP CARAVSIVS P AVG”
Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev “MARS VICTOR”
Mars walking right holding spear with trophy over shoulder
Unmarked mint
-/-//[III]
RIC - (cf 88 & 844)
Reverse die duplicate of Normanby Hoard 1582 and 1583. Its is evident from the form of the mint mark (off flan on this specimen) that the die engraver was copying the reverse of a Lyon mint coin of Probus.
mauseus
Louis_XIV_AE_(Brass)_Jeton.jpg
Louis XIV (1643 - 1715), AE (Brass) Jeton struck c.1644 – 1645Obverse: LVD•XIIII•D:G•FR•ET•NA•REX. Laureate and cuirassed youthful bust of Louis XIV facing right; • B • (for Briot) below.
Reverse: CONSILIO•NIL•NISI•. The escutcheon of France, surrounded by the chain of the Ordre du Saint-Esprit (Order of the Holy Spirit): Necklace and Cross. The legend translates as “He undertakes nothing without Council”, a reference to the administrative council of the king.
Dimensions: 25.65mm | Weight: 5.4gms | Die Axis: 12
Ref. Feuardent: 239 var.

Struck at the Monnaie de Louvre mint, Paris, France
Die engraver: Nicholas Briot


Nicholas Briot (c.1579–1646) was an innovative French coin engraver, medallist and mechanical engineer, who is credited with the invention of the coining-press. He emigrated to England in 1625 and in 1626 he was commissioned to make 'puncheons and dies' for the Coronation of Charles I. His Coronation Medal established his reputation and he went on to produce a considerable number of dies for medals and coins in the following years. In 1633, he was appointed chief engraver to the Royal Mint and went to Scotland to prepare and coin the coronation pieces of Charles I. These demonstrated both his artistic skill and the technical superiority of his new coining machinery and in 1635, on the death of Sir John Foulis, Briot was appointed Master of the Mint in Scotland and superintended the Scottish coinage for several years. Briot was then recalled to England by the King, and on the outbreak of the English Civil War he took possession of the coining apparatus at the Tower and had it removed 'for the purpose of continuing the coining operations in the cause of the King'. Briot travelled to France in the early 1640's and sent coining presses to his brother Isaac, now in a senior position at the Paris Mint, he died on Christmas Eve 1646.
*Alex
39218q00.jpg
23.5 Septimius Severus - overstrike of Pescennius Niger DenariusSilver denarius, RIC IV 377 or similar, F, overstruck, 2.118g, 19.3mm, 180o, Emesa mint, 194 - 195 A.D.; obverse IMP CAE L SEP SEV PERT AVG COS II (or similar), laureate head right; reverse FORTVN REDVC (or similar), Fortuna standing left, cornucopia in left, rudder (?) in right

Purchased from FORVM
RI0129
3 commentsSosius
Geta_or_Caracalla_AE_prov.jpg
26 Geta (or Caracalla)Unattributed AE provincial
Sosius
CaliDu01-2.jpg
37 AD Dedication of the temple of Divus Augustusorichalcum dupondius (29mm). Rome mint. Struck AD 37.
CONSENSV SENAT·ET·EQ·ORDIN·P·Q·R Gaius seated left on curule chair
DIVVS AVGVSTVS S C radiate head of Augustus facing left
RIC (Gaius) 56; Cohen (August) 87; Foss (Roman historical coins) 60:4
ex old British (Oxford) collection

Minted under Caligula on the occasion of the dedication of a temple to Divus Agustus; the identity of the seated person is uncertain but probably Gaius. The legend 'ET EQ' refers to 'EQVES' (pl. EQVITES), 'horseman'. In the early empire, they were the holders of administrative posts of a class second only to the senators.
In the picture the obverse and reverse have accidentally been switched around.
Charles S
rjb_2018_05_06.jpg
684cfCarausius 287-93AD
Antoninianus
Obv "IMP C CARAVSIVS AVG"
Radiate, trabeate (or ornamented cuirassed) bust right
Rev "TVTELA AVG"
Tutela stg left with patera and cornucopia, altar to left
Rotomagus mint
RIC - (cf 684); Beaujard & Huvelin -
mauseus
rjb_ves_02_07.jpg
69bVespasian 69-79 AD
AR denarius
Obv "IMP CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG"
Laureate bust left
Rev "TR POT X COS VIIII"
Figure (Octavian?) on rostral column
Rome mint
RIC 120
1 commentsmauseus
Gallienus_RIC_164_Centaur.jpg
7 GallienusGALLIENUS
AE Antoninianus, "Zoo Issue" - Centaur

GALLIENVS AVG, Radiate head right / APOLLINI CONS AVG, Centaur walking left, one forefoot raised, globe in right hand, rudder (or trophy) over shoulder. H in exergue.


Sosius
rjb_p4_03_09.jpg
75AE double sestertius
Trier Mint
IMP C M CASS LAT POSTVMVS PIVS F AVG
Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
FIDES MILITVM
Fides standing left with two standards
Bastien 75 (obv. die duplicate)
mauseus
913cf.jpg
914Carausius 287-93AD
AE antoninianus
Obv "IMP CARAVSIVS PF A"
Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev "PAX AVG"
Pax (or Fides?) standing left with two standards
Unmarked mint or irregular?
RIC 914
ex Blackmoor hoard
Obverse and reverse die duplicate of the Voegelaar specimen
1 commentsmauseus
rjb_p2_03_09.jpg
99AE sestertius
Trier Mint
IMP C POSTVMVS PF AVG
Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right
VICTORIA AVG
Victory walking left, captive at feet
Bastien 99c (obv. die duplicate)
1 commentsmauseus
Alexander_I~2.jpg
Alexander I Balas 152 - 145 B.C. Alexander I Balas 152 - 145 B.C. Ar drachm 17.1~17.8mm. 3.43g. Obv: Diademed head right. Obv: BAΣIΛEΩΣ AΛEΞANΔPOY ΘEOΠATOPOΣ EYEPΓETOY, Apollo seated left on omphalos, testing arrow, resting hand on grounded bow. Symbol: (outer left) cornucopia. SC 1785ddwau
Jannaeus_Pendant_1.jpg
Alexander Jannaeus Prutah PendantOBV:BAΣIΛEΩΣ AΛEΞANΔΡOΥ (of King Alexander),
around anchor
REV:star made of eight pellets surrounded by diadem
and possible inscription
Hendin 470, Meshorer TJC J11, Jerusalem mint
103 - 76 B.C.
Set in Silver Pendant
Danny S. Jones
AUGUSTUS,_Marcus_Ambibulus.jpg
Biblical/Judean / AUGUSTUS, Marcus Ambibulus , Hendin-1329Augustus / Marcus Ambibulus, procurator of Judea under Augustus.
Marcus Ambibulus, procurator of Judea under Augustus, 9-12 AD, bronze prutah of 16 mm, 2.14 grams. Struck in the year 9 AD.
Jerusalem mint.
Obverse: Ear of grain, KAICA POC.
Reverse: Palm tree with 2 bunches of dates and date : LMO
Reference: Hendin-1329.

*Jesus was born sometime between 6 B.C. and 4 B.C.
According to St. Matthew, King Herod as the ruler during the time of the Nativity, and Herod died in 4 B.C. , according the dates of the later on struck coins with the new ruler name and dates (see note)
Later, to kill Jesus and eliminate him as a rival king, Herod ordered the "Massacre of the Innocents" - the killing of all male children in Bethlehem aged two years and under. This means that Jesus may have been up to two years old already by that time, and this sets the Nativity between 6 and 4 B.C.
**Surely All coins at that time were struck under the Roman emperor (who happened to be the first Roman emperor in history Augustus (Octavian) Not Julius Caesar as commonly known, Julius was only a dictator and Caesar during the Roman Republic time, never considered Emperor despite the title IMP on some of his coins).
The dates on coins struck during the time of Nativity, before that time, and even later, completely different story depends on the mint home , the ruler year and the kingdom or empire. Using AD (Anno Domini) was much later.

“Swear to me, young women of Jerusalem, by the gazelles or by the does of the field, that you won’t awaken or arouse love before its proper time.” Song of Solomon.

The Sam Mansourati Collection.
Given as a souvenir to a great man, a dear friend and brother Rev. Robert E. Burnock , on 2/25/2020.
2 commentsSam
IMG_0362.JPG
C. Vibius C.f. C.n. Pansa CaetronianusMoneyer issues of Imperatorial Rome. C. Vibius C.f. C.n. Pansa Caetronianus. 48 BC. AR Denarius (18mm, 3.73 g, 6h). Rome mint. Head of young Bacchus (or Liber) right, wearing ivy wreath / Ceres advancing right, holding a torch with each hand; plow to right. Crawford 449/2; CRI 21; Sydenham 946; Vibia 16. VF, toned, edge chip.

From the Archer M. Huntington Collection, ANS 1001.2.9.
ecoli
Dyrrhachion_Dracma.jpg
ILIRIA - DIRRAQUIO/EPIDAMNOSAR dracma 18X16 mm 2.4 gr.

Anv: "MENIΣ [KOΣ ]" (Nombre de la Autoridad Monetaria que la acuña), sobre una Vaca a der. mirando a su ternero que se amanta a izq.
Rev: "AYP / ΔIO / [NY] / [ΣIOY]" – Doble Forma estrellada, dividida por dos líneas y rodeada por una doble línea formando un contorno cuadrado.
Los diseños del reverso de Korkyra así como de sus colonias, Apollonia (Apolonia) y Dyrrhachion (Dirraquio), han sido objeto de mucha especulación numismática. Eckhel (Doctrina numorum veterum [Vienna, 1792/3], II:155) aceptó la opinión de Laurentius Beger (Observationes Et Conjecturae In Numismata Quaedam Antiqua [Brandenburg, 1691]), que argumentó que el diseño del reverso representa el jardín de Alkinoos, el mítico rey de Phaiakia, descrito en detalle por el poeta Homero (Od. 7.112-133). Basado en el supuesto de que mítica Phaiakia era la isla de la antigua Korkyra (mod. Corfú), y sabiendo que Korkyrans colonizaron tanto Apollonia y Dyrrhachion, Beger (ya través de él, Eckhel) concluyeron que los elementos centrales eran flores y que el diseño general debe representar tanto el diseño del jardín, o las puertas que conducen a ella. Más tarde, la mayoría de los numismáticos, como Böckh, Müller, Friedlander, y von Sallet, argumentaron que los elementos centrales del diseño eran más como la estrella, mientras que Gardner favoreciendo una interpretación floral, aunque sea como una referencia a Apolo Aristaios o Nomios, no el jardín de ALKINOOS. Más recientemente, Nicolet-Pierre volvió a examinar la cuestión del diseño del reverso en su artículo sobre la moneda arcaica de Korkyra ("À props du monnayage archaïque de Corcyre," SNR 88 [2009], pp. 2-3) y ofreció una nueva interpretación. Tomando nota de un pasaje de Tucídides (3.70.4) en la que ese autor citó la existencia en la isla de un recinto sagrado (temenos) dedicado a Zeus y ALKINOOS, sugirió que el diseño del reverso podría haber sido inspirada por esto, y no en el jardín de ALKINOOS que detalla Homero.

Acuñación: 200 - 30 A.C.
Ceca: Dyrrhachion - Illyria (Hoy Durré en Albania)

Referencias: Sear GCTV Vol.I #1900 var Pag.187 – BMC Vol.7 #62-64 Pag.69 – SNG Copenhagen #467 - Maier #201 - Ceka #320
mdelvalle
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Manuel I Komnenus clipped billion aspron trachy SB1964Obverse: The Virgin enthroned facing, nimbate and wearing pallium and maphrium, she holds nimbate head of the infant Christ facing; to l. MP to r. Theta V.
Reverse: MANUHA AECIIOTHC or similar, Manuel stg. facing wearing crown, divitision and chlamys and holding labarum (one dots= on shaft) and globus surmounted by patriarchal cross.
Mint: Constantinople Third metropolitan coinage Variation B
Date: 1143-1180 CE
Sear 1964 DO 15.5-10
18mm 1.65 gm
wileyc
OMKARA.jpg
Paramaras of Malwa, c. 1150 - 1300 CE (Omkara)Silver drachm of the Paramaras of Malwa, c. 1150 - 1300 CE (12MM / 4.32 gr)
Mint- Omkara Mandhata Monastery, Malwa;
Obverse: Degenerated Indo-Sasanian style bust, Brahmi letter "ja" in left field, circle in front of bust .
Reverse: Crude fire altar with legend Sri Omkara on shaft.
MNI 436-440
Paul R3
Radiato_imitativo_britannico.jpg
Radiato imitativo britannico (270-273 AD)AE, 2.45 gr, 18.56 mm, VF
Zecca non ufficiale britannica (o gallica), sul D/ verosimilmente Vittorino o Tetrico I
D/ legenda di fantasia, testa radiata a dx
R/ legenda di fantasia, divinità sacrifica su un altare appoggiata su uno scudo (o ruota). Compatibile con una FORTVNA REDUX con ruota e timone
Provenienza: ex Marc Breitsprecher collection, Grand Marais Minnesota Usa (da lui acquistata a Embankment station coin fair, London), via vAuctions 290 lot 462, 8 novembre 2012
paolo
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Δ in circular punchBITHYNIA. Tium. Civic. Æ 24. First half of 3rd century A.D. Obv: .TE-IOC. Diademed and draped bust of Teos right; countermark on neck. Rev: TIAN-ΩN. Dionysus standing facing, head left, emptying contents of cantharus, holding thyrsus. Ref: BMC -; SNG von Aulock 928ff (obverse).Axis: 30°. Weight: 5.72 g. CM: Δ in circular punch, 6 mm. Howgego 789 (34 pcs). Note: The latest coin bearing this countermark was issued for Hostilian. Collection Automan.Automan
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Λ (or possibly Δ)CILICIA. Adana (?). Elagabalus. Æ 34. A.D. 218-222. Obv: AVKMAVPANTΩNEINOCCEΓ (or similar), Π-Π on either side of portrait. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right; countermark on head. Rev: AΔAN-EΩN (?). Zeus seated left on throne, holding staff in left hand and patera right hand, right arm extended. Ref: BMC -. Axis: 165°. Weight: 22.31 g. CM: Λ (or possibly Δ) in circular punch, 5 mm. Howgego -. Note: Deeply recessed countermark. Collection Automan.Automan
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ΘΕΑ ΦΑΥΣΤΕΙΝΑAE 17mm 138-161AD
Obv - ΘΕΑ ΦΑΥΣΤΕΙΝΑ- Veiled and draped bust right
Rev - ΤΥΧΗ ΝΕΑΣ ΤΡΑΙΑΝΗ ΒΟΣΤΡΑ - turreted Tyche standing, facing, head, facing (or l. or r.), holding spear, resting l. hand on hip, (resting foot on swimming river-god)
Reference - Spijkerman 11(2),12 and 13, BMC 7-9
Mint - Bostra, Arabia
aragon6
00040x00.jpg
ROME. Claudius. AD 41-53.
Æ As (28mm, 11.64 g, 6 h). Official issue.
Iberian mint I, engraver A. Struck AD 41-circa 50.
Bare head left
Minerva advancing right, brandishing spear and holding round shield; S C flanking
RIC I -; Besombes & Barrandon pl. V, 2/3 (obv./rev.)
Ardatirion
00028x00~1.jpg
ROME
PB Tessera (18mm, 2.73 g, 12h)
Head of a young athlete right; (AV) to left, II to right
Apollo standing left, holding branch, resting left arm on tripod
Rostovtsev 843, pl. VIII, 53 corr. (obv. legend); Rostovtsev & Prou 532; Munich 179-80; Ruggerio 1408; BM 28-31, 33
Ardatirion
8323.jpg
ROME
PB Tessera (18mm, 3.26 g, 12 h)
Bull standing right; POL above
Palm frond
Rostowzew 684 corr. (obverse legend read COL); Rostowzew & Prou 138, pl. IV, 20 corr. (obverse legend read QL)

Ex Artcoins Roma Electronic Auction 5 (29 May 2012), lot 247 (part of)
Ardatirion
00008x00~4.jpg
ROME
PB Tessera (14mm, 1.40 g, 12h)
Cornucipia, C H flanking
Aedicula (or lighted altar?); S S flanking
Rostovtsew –

Ex Classical Numismatic Group 55 (13 September 2000), lot 1201 (part of)
Ardatirion
00019x00.jpg
ROME
PB Tessera (18mm, 3.49 g)
Footprint
S I (or I S)
Rostowzew -

An entirely new type.
Ardatirion
00009x00~0.jpg
ROME
PB Tessera (23mm, 6.90 g, 12h
Rudder
Flaccid male genitals (or leaf?)
Rostovtsev –

The obverse type differs from the phallic imagery sometimes scene on Roman tesserae. This example depicts a flaccid, rather than engorged penis, often conservatively described in numismatics as a "pudenda virilia." The unusual shape of this piece, combined with the differing obverse type, makes me think this may be a fertility amulet.
Ardatirion
00013x00~1.jpg
ROME. First Cohort.
PB Tessera (21mm, 4.40 g, 12h)
Soldier (or Mars) standing facing, head left, holding spear and resting shield on ground
C I (Cohors Prima)
Rostovtsev 246 = Rostovtsev & Prou 40d
Ardatirion
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UNITED STATES, Hard Times. Political issues.
CU Token (29mm, 8.98 g, 11h)
Belleville (New Jersey) mint. Dated 1838
Head of Liberty (or native American?) left, wearing ribbon inscribed LOCO FOCO; thirteen stars around; 1838
* BENTON */ EXPER IMENT. MINT/ DROP/ – within wreath
Rulau HT 63; Low 55
Ardatirion
Y04281.jpg
SYRIA, Uncertain. Eloucion?
Magistrate, 2nd-3rd century AD.
PB Tessera (17mm, 3.06 g, 11 h)
HΛOV CION, bust of Shamash right, atop eagle(?)
Nike advancing left; star above crescent before, wheel below
Unpublished

The bust of Shamash (or perhaps Sol) on the obverse is distinctly Syrian in nature. Additionally, the style is dramatically different from the issues of Asia Minor.
2 commentsArdatirion
Aphroditopolis.jpg
EGYPT, Aphroditopolis
PB Tessera (13mm, 1.78 g)
Eros standing left, stooping over bird to left
Head of hippocamp right (or swan right?)
Milne 5325-9; Dattari (Savio) 11856-7; Köln -; Rostowzew & Prou 714 (dolphin)

The reverse type here more closely resembles a swan than it does a hippocamp. While the swan is a symbol of Aphrodite, Dattari (Savio) 11857 clearly shows the head a hippocamp. It is possible that these are two distinct types.
Ardatirion
Oxyrhynchus_5316.jpg
EGYPT, Oxyrhynchus
PB Tessera (22mm, 12.13 g)
Draped bust of Athena right, wearing Corinthian helm and aegis
Oak wreath enclosing uncertain letters (OΞ monogram?)
Milne 5317-9; Dattari (Savio) -; Köln 3557-8
Ardatirion
54463q00.jpg
EGYPT, Uncertain
PB Tessera (15mm, 2.07 g, 1h)
Nilus reclining left, holding cornucopia [and mummiform figure of Osiris?]
Euthenia reclining left, holding cornucopia and grain ears
Cf. Milne 5397-401; Dattari (Savio) 6470 corr. (obverse type); Köln -
Ardatirion
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CANADA, Nova Scotia. William IV King of Great Britain, 1830-1837
CU Halfpenny Token
Belleville (New Jersey) mint. Dated 1832, but struck circa 1835
PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right
HALFPENNY TOKEN, thistle with two leaves; 1832 (over 1382) below
Charlton NS-3C; Corteau 281; Breton 871

This reverse die was initially engraved with the anachronistic date 1382, but was quickly caught and corrected, leaving only a handful of that extremely rare variety known today.
Ardatirion
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LIBERIA, American Colonization Society. 1820-1847.
CU Cent. Belleville (New Jersey) mint. Dated 1833.
LIBERIA, nude man standing before shore, cutting at tree to left; brush to right; in distance, ship under sail right; 1833 in exergue
AMERICAN COLONIZATION SOCIETY/ ONE CENT. FOUNDED/ A.D./ 1816
Snyder dies 1/D; Colver & Harley –; KM Tn2

Ex Katz E-Auction 24 (14 August 2019), lot 900

The obverse of this token is from the first regular circulation issue, here heavily repolished and paired with a die from one of the final strikes, linking the two otherwise distinct sets of obverse dies. Only seven examples of this pairing are known. Snyder notes that die pairing 3/C, presently unlinked to others, could place between the first (obv 5 & 1) and second group (obv 2 &4). As obverses 3 and 4 both occur with significant breaks, this 1/D pairing may have been struck to replace either 3 or 4, with the later being more likely considering the sequence, and the 3/C pair the final set of dies used.
Ardatirion
gnostic_token.jpg
ROME
PB Gnostic amulet
3rd-5th century AD
Abraxas standing left, with head of a cock, body of a man, and legs of a serpent, holding spear and shield
Star over crescent; ABPA/ CAZ below
Cf. Rostowzew & Prou 820a (oval shape, letters IAω around deity)

Remnants of loupe for suspension at 12'

Not a tessera, but often erroneously included among them.
Ardatirion
hugues-france-denier-orelans~0.JPG
Hugh Magnus: denier (Orléans)Hugh Magnus (Hugues de France in french) (1007-1025)
Denier (Orléans)

Billon, 1.28 g, diameter 17.5 mm, die axis 12h
O/ +D-I DEXTRA BE; city gate with an H on the left, a V below, a G on the right and a O on the top
R/ +AVRELIANIS CIVITAS; cross pattée

Hugh was the elder son of Robert II (the Pious), second capetian king of the Franks (996-1031). Hugues was crowned as an associate king in 1017. However, he died before his father and consequently he never ruled. No other son of a king of France had been called Hugh.

The obverse legend is a Christian one: dei dextra benedictus (blessed on God's right). As usual for Orléans mint, the I after the L in Avrelianis is in the angle.
louis1-obole-melle-lin.JPG
D.613var Louis the Pious (obol, Melle, class 2)Louis the Pious, king of the Franks and Holy Roman emperor (813-840)
Obol (Melle, class 2, 819-822)

Silver, 0.74 g, 17 mm diameter, die axis 9 h

O/ LVDO / VVIC
R/ +METALLVM; cross pattée

As the value of a denier was quite important (a sheep typically cost 10 deniers during Charles the Great's reign), a smaller coin was needed. Clearly speaking, an obol is a half-denier. The carolingian coinage is typically one of silver deniers and obols. Obols and deniers were usually produced by pairs of the same kind.

Contrary to the related denier, the name of the ruler is here in the field and the mint name surrounds a cross pattée.
The absence of the imperial title made think that the coin had been struck when Louis was king of Aquitaine (before the death of Charles the Great). However there are similar obols with out of Aquitain mints. The absence of the imperial title (as well as an abbreviated name Lvdovvic instead of Hlvdovvicvs) may be due to a lack of space.
louis1-obole-bourges.JPG
D.180 Louis the Pious (obol, Bourges, class 2)Louis the Pious, king of the Franks and Holy Roman emperor (813-840)
Obol (Bourges, class 2, 819-822)

Silver, 0.64 g, 15 mm diameter, die axis 8 h

O/ LVDO / VVIC
R/ +BITVRIGES; cross pattée


louis1-obole-melle-circ.JPG
D.612var Louis the Pious (obol, Melle, class 2)Louis the Pious, king of the Franks and Holy Roman emperor (813-840)
Obol (Melle, class 2, 819-822)

Silver, 0.78 g, 15.5 mm diameter, die axis 2 h

O/ +HLVDOVVICVS MP; cross pattée
R/ +METALLVM; cross pattée

The obol of this type is simply a reduced size version but is identical to the related denier.

louis1-obole-temple.JPG
D.1180 Louis the Pious (obol, class 3)Louis the Pious, king of the Franks and Holy Roman emperor (813-840)
"Temple" obol (unknown mint, class 3, 822-840)

Silver, 0.69 g, 16 mm diameter, die axis 2 h

O/ +HLVDOVVICVS MP; cross pattée with 4 pellets
R/ +PSTIΛNΛ REICIO; temple

This obol is a reduced version of the temple denier.
louis1-obole-2xlegchret.JPG
D.abs Louis the Pious (obol, class 3)Louis the Pious, king of the Franks and Holy Roman emperor (813-840)
Obol (unknown mint in the south-east of France?, class 3, 822-840)

Silver, 0.77 g, 15 mm diameter, die axis 5 h

O/ +PISTIΛNΛ PI; cross pattée with 4 pellets
R/ +OPISTIΛNΛ PE; cross pattée

This obol may be due to a double reverse error because of the absence of the sovereign's name and the legend repetition on both sides. However several dies were used to strike this type (I could find 3 obverse and 3 reverse dies), one side always bears 4 pellets as the other does not. One of the reverse dies is associated to the more typical obverse legend +HLVDOVVICVS I. Consequently an error does not seem to be likely. Because of hoard localizations, these obols seem to come from a single mint, in the south-east of France (Lyon, Arles?).
1 comments
charles2-obole-bourges-aq.jpg
D.197 Charles II the Bald (obol, class 1a, Bourges, Aquitaine)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877)
Obol (Bourges, Aquitaine, class 1a, 848-849 ?)

Silver, 0.80 g, 17 mm diameter, die axis 5h

O/ +CΛRLVS REX ; cross pattée
R/ AQUI / • / TANIA

The obols of Charles the Bald with AQUITANIA on the reverse are thought to have been minted in Bourges due to hoard studies. For instance, Chaumoux-Marcilly (small village near Bourges) hoard was found in 1930. It had in it 40 coins of Charles the Bald: 20 from Bourges, 17 obols with AQVITANIA, 2 from Melle and one from Orléans. This hoard is consequently supposed to be made of local coins, and AQVITANIA obols of Charles the Bald are supposed to have been minted in Bourges.

1 comments
charles2-denier_orleans-porte.JPG
D.725 Charles II the Bald (denier, class 1c, Orléans)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877)
Denier with a gate (Orléans, class 1c, 840-864)

Silver, 1.26 g, 19 mm diameter, die axis 5h

O/ +CΛRLVS REX FR; cross pattée with four pellets
R/ +ΛVRE-LI-ΛINS; city gate with two pellets on sides

The gate motif goes back to Roman times and was used by early Carolingians (and Capetians later).
There is a small misprint on the reverse : +ΛVRE-LI-ΛINS instead +ΛVRE-LI-ΛNIS
charles2-obole-melle.JPG
D.622 Charles II the Bald (obol, class 1d, Melle)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877)
Obol (Melle, class 1d, 840-864)

Silver, 0.65 g, 15 mm diameter, die axis 8h

O/ carolingian monogram
R/ +METVLLO; cross pattée


Certainly because of the lack of space, there isn't any legend with the ruler's name on the obverse but a carolingian KRLS monogram.
The attribution to Charles the Bald or Charles the Great is uncertain, like for the denier's case.
charles2-denier-temple.JPG
D.1189 Charles II the Bald (denier, class 1e,Orléans)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877)
"Temple" denier (Orléans, class 1e, 840-864)

Silver, 1.64 g, 21 mm diameter, die axis 8h

O/ +CΛRLVS REX FR; cross pattée
R/ +XPISTIΛNΛ RELIGIO; temple

This other example of Class 1 is the continuation of Louis the Pious' temple denier. XPISTIANA RELIGIO is then most often replaced by the mint name.
Although this is not the case for this specimen, the mint attribution is very clear. It is Orléans, because of the exaggerated S of XPISTIANA and the first I of RELIGIO is in the angle of the L.
charles2-denier-temple-orleans.JPG
D.726 Charles II the Bald (denier, class 1e, Orléans)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877)
"Temple" denier (Orléans, class 1e, 840-864)

Silver, 1.53 g, 19 mm diameter, die axis 9h

O/ +CΛRLVS REX FR; cross pattée with 4 pellets
R/ +ΛVR-ELI-ΛNIS; temple

charles2-denier-gdr-orleans.JPG
D.727 Charles II the Bald (denier, class 2, Orléans)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877)
GDR denier (Orléans, class 2, 864-875)

Silver, 1.80 g, 21 mm diameter, die axis 5h

O/ +GRΛTIΛ D-I REX; carolingian monogram
R/ +ΛVRELIΛNIS CIVITΛS; cross pattée

This is another typical example of Class 2 (GDR type).
Cenabum was a gallic stronghold of the Carnute tribe. It was conquered and destroyed by Caesar in 52 BC, and then maybe rebuilt by the emperor Aurelian. This may be the origin the city's name.
charles2-obole-rouen-gdr.JPG
D.880 Charles II the Bald (obol, class 2, Rouen)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877)
GDR obol (Rouen, class 2, 864-875)

Silver, 0.73 g, 14 mm diameter, die axis 10h

O: +CRΛTIΛ D-I REX;carolingian monogram
R: +ROTVHΛCVS CIVI; cross pattée

Obol of GDR type
charles2-denier-toulouse-imp.JPG
D.1007 Charles II the Bald (denier, class 3, Toulouse)Charles the Bald, king of the Franks (840-877) and Holy Roman Emperor (875-877)
Denier (Toulouse, class 2, 876-877)

Silver, 1.59 g, 20 mm diameter, die axis 7h

O/ +CΛRLVS IMP R- ; cross pattée
R/ +TOLOSΛ+CIVI ; CA / RL in the center

The presence of the name of the sovereign on the reverse is quite rare for carolingian coins. This is also the case for Toulouse deniers of Charles the Bald's Louis II (or grandson Louis III) with LV / DO.

This coinage is also sometimes attributed to Charles the Fat.
1 comments
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Dy.001 Hugh Capet: denier (Beauvais)Hugh Capet, king of the Franks (987-996) and Hervé, Bishop of Beauvais (987-998)
Denier (Beauvais)

Silver, 1.19 g, diameter 21 mm, die axis 9h
O: [HERV]EVS HVGO RE[X] ; cross pattée with 2 pellets
R: BE[LVΛC]VS CIVITΛS ; carolingian monogram KRLS

Although Hugh Capet was the founder of the capetian dynasty, his coinage contains a carolingian monogram. It may have been a way to show the continuity of the royal authority. The presence of the bishop Hervé is not really understood on this nearly only coinage of Hugh Capet as king of the Franks (obols of the same type are also known, as well as a unique denier of Laon).
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Dy.050 Philip I: denier (Orléans)Philip I, king of the Franks (1060-1108)
Denier (Orléans, 1st type)

Billon, 1.28 g, diameter 20 mm, die axis 10h
O: +PHILIPVS X REX D-I; city gate, NI and IC besides, ΛT inside and et I above
R: +ΛVRELIΛNIS CIVITΛ; croix pattée with 2 S
louis6-denier-orleans.JPG
Dy.120 Louis VI (the Fat): denier (Orléans)Louis VI the Fat, king of the Franks (1108-1137)
Denier (Orléans)

Billon, 0.83 g, diameter 19 mm, die axis 4h
O/ +LVDOVICVS REX I; city gate with an O on the top, an Ω on the left, and 3 dashes on the right (maybe a Ξ). 4 pellets are in the gate.
R/ +AVRELIANIS CIVITAS; cross pattée with an O and an A.
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Dy.262 Philip VI (of Valois): Gros à la couronne, 1st emissionPhilip VI, king of France (1328-1350)
Gros à la couronne, 1st emission (01/01/1337)

Silver (851 ‰), 2.51 g, diameter 25 mm, die axis 5h
O: inner circle: (ringlet)PhI-LIP-PVS-REX; legend interrupted by a cross pattée; outer circle: BnDICTV⋮SIT⋮nOmЄ⋮DNIâ‹®nRI⋮DЄI
R: inner circle: +FRANCORVm; châtel tournois under a crown, with 3 bullets inside; outer circle: a circlet of 11 fleur-de-lis

Philip VI is the first non direct capetian king. He was the cousin of the 3 previous kings.
The Gros tournois hadn't changed since its creation by Saint Louis. During Philip VI's reign, 3 new types of Gros were struck, with lighter weight and less silver. These monetary difficulties may be related to the premisses of the One Hundred Years' war and French military defeats.

The 3 bullets in the chatel (without any star below) are characteristic of the 1st emission.
philippe6-gros-couronne-2eme.JPG
Dy.262A1 Philip VI (of Valois): Gros à la couronne, 2ond emissionPhilip VI, king of France (1328-1350)
Gros à la couronne, 2ond emission (10/31/1338)

Silver (639 ‰), 2.44 g, diameter 23 mm, die axis 12h
O: inner circle: (ringlet)PhI-LIP-PVS-REX; legend interrupted by a cross pattée; outer circle: BnDICTV⋮SIT⋮nOmЄ⋮DNIâ‹®nRI⋮DЄI
R: inner circle: +FRANCORVm(T); châtel tournois under a crown, with 3 bullets inside and a star below; outer circle: a circlet of 11 fleur-de-lis
(slightly double struck) reverse

The 3 bullets in the chatel and the star below are characteristic of the 2ond emission.
philippe6-gros-couronne-3eme.JPG
Dy.262B Philip VI (of Valois): Gros à la couronne, 3rd emissionPhilip VI, king of France (1328-1350)
Gros à la couronne, 3rd emission (01/29/1340)

Silver (559 ‰), 2.33 g, diameter 24 mm, die axis 3h
O: inner circle: PhI-LIP-PVS-REX; legend interrupted by a cross pattée; outer circle: BnDICTV⋮SITâ‹®HOmЄ⋮DNIâ‹®nRI⋮DЄI
R: inner circle: +FRANCORVm; châtel tournois under a crown, with 2x inside and a ringlet below; outer circle: a circlet of 11 fleur-de-lis

As expected, the silver percentage is lower than for the previous emission.
The 2 x in the chatel (quite hard to distinguish !) and the ringlet below are characteristic of the 3rd emission.
philippe6-gros-couronne-4eme.JPG
Dy.262C Philip VI (of Valois): Gros à la couronne, 4th emissionPhilip VI, king of France (1328-1350)
Gros à la couronne, 4th emission (04/06/1340)

White billon (479 ‰), 2.16 g, diameter 24 mm, die axis 3h
O: inner circle: PhI-LIP-PVS-REX; legend interrupted by a cross pattée and 4 ringlets at its boundaries; outer circle: BnDICTV⋮SIT⋮nOmЄ⋮DNIâ‹®nRI⋮DЄI
R: inner circle: +FRANCORVm; châtel tournois under a crown and 2 fleurs-de-lis, with a ring inside; a circlet of 10 fleur-de-lis and a small cross

The silver content goes on lowering.
The ring in the chatel is characteristic of the 4th emission.
philippe6-gros-lis.JPG
Dy.263 Philip VI (of Valois): Gros à la fleur de lis, 2ond emission ?Philip VI, king of France (1328-1350)
Gros à la fleur de lis (3 emissions between 1341 and 1343)

White billon (479 ‰), 2.50 g, diameter 24 mm, die axis 6h
O: inner circle: +PhILIPPVS.REX; cross pattée with a fleur-de-lis in the NE quadrant; outer circle: BnDICTV⋮SIT⋮HOmЄ⋮DNIâ‹®nRI⋮DЄI
R: inner circle: +FRANCORVm; fleur-de-lis; outer circle: a circle of 10 fleur-de-lis

The 3 emissions are very similar, the weight is the only difference. This coin may belong to the 2ond emission.
philippe6-grosalaqueue.JPG
Dy.265 Philip VI (of Valois): Gros à la queuePhilip VI, king of France (1328-1350)
Gros à la queue (09/27/1348 and 01/15/1349)

White billon (479 ‰), 3.33 g, diameter 26 mm, die axis 6h
O: inner circle: (crown)PhILIP-PVS.REX; legend interrupted by a cross pattée; outer circle: BnDICTV⋮SIT⋮nOmЄ⋮DNIâ‹®nRI⋮DЄI⋮IhV⋮XPI
R: inner circle: +TVRONVS.CIVIS; châtel tournois with 3 archs under a crown; outer circle: a circlet of 12 fleur-de-lis

This Gros was struck at the end of Philip's reign and contains a quite small amount of silver.
eudes-denier-orleans.JPG
D.740 Eudes (denier, Orléans)Eudes, king of the Franks (888-898)
Denier (Orléans)

Silver, 1.77 g, 20 mm diameter, die axis 10h

O/ +GRΛTIΛ D TI; Eudes'monogram R / ◊D◊ / EX (inverted E) (legend beginning at 9h)
R/ +ΛVRELIΛNIS CIVITAS; cross pattée

Contrary to Charlemagne and Charles the Bald, Eudes seems to have had some problems to choose a monogram or to explain to all mints how it had to look like...
eudes-denier-toulouse.JPG
D.1012 Eudes (denier, Toulouse)Eudes, king of the Franks (888-898)
Denier (Toulouse)

Silver, 1.45 g, 20 mm diameter, die axis 3h

O/ +ODDO REX FR-C; cross pattée
R/ +TOLOSA CIVI; OD/DO monogram

Eudes'monogram is quite simple on this coin. It is made of 2D's and 2 O's (Oddo, which is Eudes in latin). The legend is a very traditional one.
raoul-denier-paris.JPG
D.774 Rudolph (denier, Paris)Rudolph (or Raoul, Radulf), king of the Franks (923-936)
Denier (Paris)

Silver, 1.13 g, 18 mm diameter, die axis 11h

O/ +CRATIA DI REX; monogram
R/ + / PΛRISI / CIVITΛ / +

Rudolph was elected king of Franks by noblemen in 923, after his father-in-law (Robert I)'s death.

Although Rudolph wasn't a carolingian, his coinage used a monogram.This monogram is clearly inspired by the habitual KRLS monogram. The letters seem to be R(?)DFS. Anyway, the F on the bottom can be cleary distinguished, and this coin can be attributed to Rudolph.

raoul-denier-orleans.JPG
D.733 Rudolph (denier, Orléans)Rudolph (or Raoul, Radulf), king of the Franks (923-936)
Denier (Orléans)

Silver, 1.27 g, 18 mm diameter, die axis 6h

O/ +CRΛTIΛ D-I REX; monogram RDFS (legend beginning at 9h)
R/ +ΛVRELIΛNIS CIVITΛ cross pattée

This monogram is clearly an imitation of the tradition KRLS Charles' one. As often in Orléans' coinage, the I after an L in Avrelianis is in the angle of the L.
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