| Image search results - "(379-395" |
012 - Theodosius I (379-395 AD), AE 2 - RIC 46aObv: DN THEODO-SIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: GLORIA ROMANORVM, emperor standing, facing, head right, holding standard and globe.
Minted in Nicomedia (SMNA in exe), first officina, 15 may 392 - 17 jan. 395 AD.pierre_p77
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014 - Theodosius I (379-395 AD), AE 2 - RIC 83bObv: DN THEODOSIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: VIRTVS EXERCITI, emperor standing right, holding standard and globe, left foot on captive. Rho-cross in left field.
Minted in Constantinopolis (CONSA in exe), 25 Aug 383 - 28 Aug 388 AD.pierre_p77
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1505b, Theodosius I, 19 January 379 - 17 January 395 A.D. (Antioch)Theodosius I, 19 January 379 - 17 January 395 A.D. Bronze AE 3, RIC 44(b), VF, Antioch, 2.17g, 18.1mm, 180o, 9 Aug 378 - 25 Aug 383 A.D. Obverse: D N THEODOSIVS P F AVG, rosette-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right; Reverse: CONCORDIA AVGGG, Constantinopolis enthroned facing, r. foot on prow, globe in l., scepter in r., Q and F at sides, ANTG in ex; scarce.
De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families
THEODOSIUS I (379-395 A.D.)
David Woods
University College of Cork
Origin and Early Career
Flavius Theodosius was born at Cauca in Spain in about 346 to Thermantia and Theodosius the Elder (so-called to distinguish him from his son). Theodosius the Elder was a senior military officer serving in the Western empire and rose to become the magister equitum praesentalis under the emperor Valentinian I from late 368 until his execution in early 375. As the son of a soldier, Theodosius was legally obliged to enter upon a military career. He seems to have served under his father during his expedition to Britain in 367/8, and was the dux Moesiae Primae by late 374. Unfortunately, great controversy surrounds the rest of his career until Gratian had him hailed as his imperial colleague in succession to the emperor Valens at Sirmium on 19 January 379. It is clear that he was forced to retire home to Spain only to be recalled to active service shortly thereafter, but the circumstances of his forced retirement are shrouded in mystery. His father was executed at roughly the same time, and much speculation has centred on the relationship between these events.
[For a very detailed and interesting discussion of the Foreign Policy of Theodosius and the Civil Wars that plagued his reign, please see http://www.roman-emperors.org/theo1.htm]
Family and Succession
Theodosius married twice. His first wife was the Spanish Aelia Flavia Flaccilla. She bore him Arcadius ca. 377, Honorius on 9 September 384, and Pulcheria ca. 385. Theodosius honoured her with the title of Augusta shortly after his accession, but she died in 386. In late 387 he married Galla, daughter of Valentinian I and full-sister of Valentinian II. She bore him Gratian ca. 388, Galla Placidia ca. 388/390, and died in childbirth in 394, together with her new-born son John. Of his two sons who survived infancy, he appointed Arcadius as Augustus on 19 January 383 and Honorius as Augustus on 23 January 393. His promotion of Arcadius as a full Augustus at an unusually young age points to his determination right from the start that one of his own sons should succeed him. He sought to strengthen Arcadius' position in particular by means of a series of strategic marriages whose purpose was to tie his leading "generals" irrevocably to his dynasty. Hence he married his niece and adoptive daughter Serena to his magister militum per Orientem Stilicho in 387, her elder sister Thermantia to a "general" whose name has not been preserved, and ca. 387 his nephew-in-law Nebridius to Salvina, daughter of the comes Africae Gildo. By the time of his death by illness on 17 January 395, Theodosius had promoted Stilicho from his position as one of the two comites domesticorum under his own eastern administration to that of magister peditum praesentalis in a western administration, in an entirely traditional manner, under his younger son Honorius. Although Stilicho managed to increase the power of the magister peditum praesentalis to the disadvantage of his colleague the magister equitum praesentalis and claimed that Theodosius had appointed him as guardian for both his sons, this tells us more about his cunning and ambition than it does about Theodosius' constitutional arrangements.
Theodosius' importance rests on the fact that he founded a dynasty which continued in power until the death of his grandson Theodosius II in 450. This ensured a continuity of policy which saw the emergence of Nicene Christianity as the orthodox belief of the vast majority of Christians throughout the middle ages. It also ensured the essential destruction of paganism and the emergence of Christianity as the religion of the state, even if the individual steps in this process can be difficult to identify. On the negative side, however, he allowed his dynastic interests and ambitions to lead him into two unnecessary and bloody civil wars which severely weakened the empire's ability to defend itself in the face of continued barbarian pressure upon its frontiers. In this manner, he put the interests of his family before those of the wider Roman population and was responsible, in many ways, for the phenomenon to which we now refer as the fall of the western Roman empire.
Copyright (C) 1998, David Woods.
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.
There is a nice segue here, as we pick-up John Julius Norwich's summation of the reign of Theodosius, "Readers of this brief account of his career may well find themselves wondering, not so much whether he deserved the title of 'the Great' as how he ever came to acquire it in the first place. If so, however, they may also like to ask themselves another question: what would have been the fate of the Empire if, at that critical moment in its history after the battle of Adrianople, young Gratian had not called him from his Spanish estates and put the future of the East into his hands? . . . the probability is that the whole Empire of the East would have been lost, swallowed up in a revived Gothic kingdom, with effects on world history that defy speculation.
In his civil legislation he showed, again and again, a consideration for the humblest of his subjects that was rare indeed among rulers of the fourth century. What other prince would have decreed that any criminal, sentenced to execution, imprisonment or exile, must first be allowed thirty days' grace to put his affairs in order? Or that a specified part of his worldly goods must go to his children, upon whom their father's crimes must on no account be visited? Or that no farmer should be obliged to sell his produce to the State at a price lower than he would receive on the open market?
Had he earned his title? Not, perhaps, in the way that Constantine had done or as Justinian was to do. But, if not ultimately great himself, he had surely come very close to greatness; and had he reigned as long as they did his achievements might well have equalled theirs. He might even have saved the Western Empire. One thing only is certain: it would be nearly a century and a half before the Romans would look upon his like again" (Norwich, John Julius. Byzantium, the Early Centuries. London: Penguin Group, 1990. 116-7;118).
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Cleisthenes
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1505c, Theodosius I, 379 - 395 A.D. (Constantinople)Theodosius I (379 - 395 AD) AE3. 388-394 AD, RIC IX 27(a)3, Third Officina. Seventh Period. 20.27 mm. 4.8gm. Near VF with black and earthen patina. Constantinople. Obverse: DN THEODO-SIANVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped, & cuirassed bust right; Reverse: GLORIA-ROMANORVM, Theodosius I standing, facing, holding labarum and globe, CONSB in exergue (scarcer reverse). A Spanish find.
De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families
THEODOSIUS I (379-395 A.D.)
David Woods
University College of Cork
Origin and Early Career
Flavius Theodosius was born at Cauca in Spain in about 346 to Thermantia and Theodosius the Elder (so-called to distinguish him from his son). Theodosius the Elder was a senior military officer serving in the Western empire and rose to become the magister equitum praesentalis under the emperor Valentinian I from late 368 until his execution in early 375. As the son of a soldier, Theodosius was legally obliged to enter upon a military career. He seems to have served under his father during his expedition to Britain in 367/8, and was the dux Moesiae Primae by late 374. Unfortunately, great controversy surrounds the rest of his career until Gratian had him hailed as his imperial colleague in succession to the emperor Valens at Sirmium on 19 January 379. It is clear that he was forced to retire home to Spain only to be recalled to active service shortly thereafter, but the circumstances of his forced retirement are shrouded in mystery. His father was executed at roughly the same time, and much speculation has centred on the relationship between these events.
[For a very detailed and interesting discussion of the Foreign Policy of Theodosius and the Civil Wars that plagued his reign, please see http://www.roman-emperors.org/theo1.htm]
Family and Succession
Theodosius married twice. His first wife was the Spanish Aelia Flavia Flaccilla. She bore him Arcadius ca. 377, Honorius on 9 September 384, and Pulcheria ca. 385. Theodosius honoured her with the title of Augusta shortly after his accession, but she died in 386. In late 387 he married Galla, daughter of Valentinian I and full-sister of Valentinian II. She bore him Gratian ca. 388, Galla Placidia ca. 388/390, and died in childbirth in 394, together with her new-born son John. Of his two sons who survived infancy, he appointed Arcadius as Augustus on 19 January 383 and Honorius as Augustus on 23 January 393. His promotion of Arcadius as a full Augustus at an unusually young age points to his determination right from the start that one of his own sons should succeed him. He sought to strengthen Arcadius' position in particular by means of a series of strategic marriages whose purpose was to tie his leading "generals" irrevocably to his dynasty. Hence he married his niece and adoptive daughter Serena to his magister militum per Orientem Stilicho in 387, her elder sister Thermantia to a "general" whose name has not been preserved, and ca. 387 his nephew-in-law Nebridius to Salvina, daughter of the comes Africae Gildo. By the time of his death by illness on 17 January 395, Theodosius had promoted Stilicho from his position as one of the two comites domesticorum under his own eastern administration to that of magister peditum praesentalis in a western administration, in an entirely traditional manner, under his younger son Honorius. Although Stilicho managed to increase the power of the magister peditum praesentalis to the disadvantage of his colleague the magister equitum praesentalis and claimed that Theodosius had appointed him as guardian for both his sons, this tells us more about his cunning and ambition than it does about Theodosius' constitutional arrangements.
Theodosius' importance rests on the fact that he founded a dynasty which continued in power until the death of his grandson Theodosius II in 450. This ensured a continuity of policy which saw the emergence of Nicene Christianity as the orthodox belief of the vast majority of Christians throughout the middle ages. It also ensured the essential destruction of paganism and the emergence of Christianity as the religion of the state, even if the individual steps in this process can be difficult to identify. On the negative side, however, he allowed his dynastic interests and ambitions to lead him into two unnecessary and bloody civil wars which severely weakened the empire's ability to defend itself in the face of continued barbarian pressure upon its frontiers. In this manner, he put the interests of his family before those of the wider Roman population and was responsible, in many ways, for the phenomenon to which we now refer as the fall of the western Roman empire.
Copyright (C) 1998, David Woods.
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.
There is a nice segue here, as we pick-up John Julius Norwich's summation of the reign of Theodosius, "Readers of this brief account of his career may well find themselves wondering, not so much whether he deserved the title of 'the Great' as how he ever came to acquire it in the first place. If so, however, they may also like to ask themselves another question: what would have been the fate of the Empire if, at that critical moment in its history after the battle of Adrianople, young Gratian had not called him from his Spanish estates and put the future of the East into his hands? . . . the probability is that the whole Empire of the East would have been lost, swallowed up in a revived Gothic kingdom, with effects on world history that defy speculation.
In his civil legislation he showed, again and again, a consideration for the humblest of his subjects that was rare indeed among rulers of the fourth century. What other prince would have decreed that any criminal, sentenced to execution, imprisonment or exile, must first be allowed thirty days' grace to put his affairs in order? Or that a specified part of his worldly goods must go to his children, upon whom their father's crimes must on no account be visited? Or that no farmer should be obliged to sell his produce to the State at a price lower than he would receive on the open market?
Had he earned his title? Not, perhaps, in the way that Constantine had done or as Justinian was to do. But, if not ultimately great himself, he had surely come very close to greatness; and had he reigned as long as they did his achievements might well have equalled theirs. He might even have saved the Western Empire. One thing only is certain: it would be nearly a century and a half before the Romans would look upon his like again" (Norwich, John Julius. Byzantium, the Early Centuries. London: Penguin Group, 1990. 116-7;118).
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.Cleisthenes
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160 Theodosius I. (379-395 A.D.), Antioch, RIC IX 040d, -/-//ANTΓ, AE-2 Follis, GLORIA ROMANORVM, Theodosius I. standing facing on galley, #1160 Theodosius I. (379-395 A.D.), Antioch, RIC IX 040d, -/-//ANTΓ, AE-2 Follis, GLORIA ROMANORVM, Theodosius I. standing facing on galley, #1
avers:- D N THEODO SIVS P F AVG, Helmeted, pearl diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, holding spear and shield.
revers:- GLORIA ROMANORVM, Emperor standing facing, head right, on galley, raising right hand, Victory seated at helm. Wreath in left field, mintmark ANTΓ.
exerg: -/-//ANTΓ, diameter: 21,5-22,5mm, weight: 5,40g, axes:6h,
mint: Antioch, date: 392-395 A.D., ref: RIC IX 40d,
Q-001quadrans
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160 Theodosius I. (379-395 A.D.), Constantinopolis, RIC IX 086b-1, Chi(Cross)-Rho/-//CONSA, AE-3 Follis, SALVS REIPVBLICE, Victory advancing left, #1160 Theodosius I. (379-395 A.D.), Constantinopolis, RIC IX 086b-1, Chi(Cross)-Rho/-//CONSA, AE-3 Follis, SALVS REIPVBLICE, Victory advancing left, #1
Avers:- D N THEODO SIVS P F AVG, Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
revers:- SALVS REIPVBLICE, Victory advancing left, holding trophy over right shoulder and dragging captive. Chi(Cross)-Rho in left field.
exerg: Chi(Cross)-Rho/-//CONSA, diameter: 11,5-13mm, weight: 1,37g, axes: 0h,
mint: Constantinopolis, date: 388-395 A.D., ref: RIC IX 86b,
Q-001quadrans
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160 Theodosius I. (379-395 A.D.), Cyzicus, RIC IX 029a, -/-//SMKΓ, AE-3 Follis, GLORIA ROMANORVM, Theodosius I. on horseback right, #1160 Theodosius I. (379-395 A.D.), Cyzicus, RIC IX 029a, -/-//SMKΓ, AE-3 Follis, GLORIA ROMANORVM, Theodosius I. on horseback right, #1
avers: D N THEODO SIVS P F AVG, Pearl diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: GLORIA ROMANORVM, Theodosius I. on horseback right, raising right hand.
exergue: -/-//SMKΓ, diameter: 16,0-17,0mm, weight: 1,96g, axes:6h,
mint: Cyzicus, date: A.D., ref: RIC IX 29a,
Q-001quadrans
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160 Theodosius I. (379-395 A.D.), Heraclea, RIC IX 027a-1, -/-//SMHA, AE-2 Follis, GLORIA ROMANORVM, Theodosius I. standing, #1160 Theodosius I. (379-395 A.D.), Heraclea, RIC IX 027a-1, -/-//SMHA, AE-2 Follis, GLORIA ROMANORVM, Theodosius I. standing, #1
avers:- D N THEODO SIVS P F AVG, Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
revers:- GLORIA ROMANORVM, Theodosius I. standing, facing, holding labarum and globe.
exerg: -/-//SMHA, diameter: 19-23mm, weight: 5,60g, axes:11 h,
mint: Heraclea, date: 392-395A.D., ref: RIC IX 27a,
Q-001quadrans
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160 Theodosius I. (379-395 A.D.), Siscia, RIC IX 026c-2, -/-//BSISC•, AE-2 Follis, REPARATIO REIPVB, Emperor, #1160 Theodosius I. (379-395 A.D.), Siscia, RIC IX 026c-2, -/-//BSISC•, AE-2 Follis, REPARATIO REIPVB, Emperor, #1
avers:- D N THEODO SIVS P F AVG, Pearl diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
revers:- REPARATIO REIPVB, Emperor standing, facing, holding hand of kneeling woman and Victory on globe.
exergo: -/-//BSISC•, diameter: 21,5-23mm, weight: 4,78g, axis: 1h,
mint: Siscia, date: 379-383 A.D., ref: RIC-IX-26c-2, p-150,
Q-001quadrans
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160 Theodosius I. (379-395 A.D.), Siscia, RIC IX 027d-1, -/-//ASISC, AE-3 Follis, CONCORDIA AVG G G, Constantinopolis seated facing, #1160 Theodosius I. (379-395 A.D.), Siscia, RIC IX 027d-1, -/-//ASISC, AE-3 Follis, CONCORDIA AVG G G, Constantinopolis seated facing, #1
avers:- D N THEODO SIVS P F AVG, Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
revers:- CONCOR DIA AVG G G, Constantinopolis seated facing, holding globe and spear.
exerg: -/-//ASISC, diameter: 17,5-18,5mm, weight: 2,12g, axes: 6 h,
mint: Siscia, date: 379-383 A.D., ref: RIC IX 27d-1,
Q-001quadrans
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160 Theodosius I. (379-395 A.D.), Siscia, RIC IX 027d-1, -/-//ASISC, AE-3 Follis, CONCORDIA AVG G G, Constantinopolis seated facing, #2160 Theodosius I. (379-395 A.D.), Siscia, RIC IX 027d-1, -/-//ASISC, AE-3 Follis, CONCORDIA AVG G G, Constantinopolis seated facing, #2
avers:- D N THEODO SIVS P F AVG, Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
revers:- CONCOR DIA AVG G G, Constantinopolis seated facing, holding globe and spear.
exerg: -/-//ASISC, diameter: 14mm, weight: 1,31g, axes: h,
mint: Siscia, date: 379-383 A.D., ref: RIC IX 27d-1,
Q-001quadrans
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160 Theodosius I. (379-395 A.D.), Siscia, RIC IX 039bA, -/-//ASIS, AE-4 Follis, VICTORIA AVG G G, Victory advancing left, #1160 Theodosius I. (379-395 A.D.), Siscia, RIC IX 039bA, -/-//ASIS, AE-4 Follis, VICTORIA AVG G G, Victory advancing left, #1
avers:- D N THEODO SIVS P F AVG, Pearl diademed, draped, cuirassed bust right.
revers:- VICTORIA AVG G G, Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm.
exergo: -/-//ASIS, diameter: 13,5-14,0mm, weight: 1,36g, axis: 0h,
mint: Siscia, date: 388-392 A.D., ref: RIC IX 39bA, p-, LRBC 1576,
Q-001quadrans
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160 Theodosius I. (379-395 A.D.), Thessalonica, RIC IX 062b.1.3, AE-4, Δ/-//TES, GLORIA REIPVBLICE, Campgate with two turrets, #1160 Theodosius I. (379-395 A.D.), Thessalonica, RIC IX 062b.1.3, AE-4, Δ/-//TES, GLORIA REIPVBLICE, Campgate with two turrets, #1
avers: D N THEODOSIVS P F AVG, Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: GLORIA REIPVBLICE, Campgate, 2 turrets, 5 layers, no doors, Δ in left field, mintmark TES in ex.
exergue: Δ/-//TES, diameter: 12,5mm, weight: 1,56g, axes: 0h,
mint: Thessalonica, date: 383-388 A.D., ref: RIC IX 062b.1.3,
Q-001quadrans
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ROMAN EMPIRE - Theodosius IROMAN EMPIRE - Theodosius I (379-395) Helmeted bust of emperor with pearl diadem, draped and cuirassed, holding spear and shield in front. DN THEODO-SIVS PF AVG Rev.: GLORIA RO-MANORVM Emperor standing left, head right, on ship, raising right hand, Victory seated at helm. Wreath in left field. CONΔ in exergue = Constantinople Mint. Reference: RIC IX Constantinople 52c.dpaul7
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Roman Imperial: Theodosius I. (379-395) Æ Nummus, Constantinople Mint (RIC IX-86b; LRBC 2184)Obv: DN THEODO-SIVS PF AVG; Pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust right
Rev: SALVS REI-PVBLICAE; Victory advancing left, head right, holding trophy in right hand, dragging captive with left; staurogram to left; CONSA in exergueQuant.Geek
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TEODOSIO I, Cyzicus (388-392 d.C.)Teodosio I (379-395 d.C.)
AE4, zecca di Cyzicus, 388-392 d.C.
AE, 1.250 gr, 13.3 mm, 0°, B
D/ D N THEODO-SIVS P F AVG, busto diademato di perle, drappeggiato e corazzato a dx
R/ SALVS REI-PVBLICAE, Vittoria che avanza a sx, che trasporta un trofeo e trascina un prigioniero; staurogramma (Rho cross) a sinistra, SMKA in ex.
RIC IX 26b
Provenienza: collezione Berardengo, Roma Italia (30 marzo 2008, numero catalogo 102); ex FAC (Morehead City NC, Usa, fino al 2008)paolo
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THEODOSE IER (379-395) - AQUILEA - RIC 25Silique, 378-383, C1
A/D N THEODO-SIVS P F AVG
Dominus Noster Theodosius Pius Felix Augustus, Notre Maître Théodose Pieux et Heureux Auguste
Buste à droite, diadémé (Perles), drapé et cuirassé. Portait aux cheveux lisse.
R/CONCOR-DIA AVGGG//AQPS
Concordia Augustorum, La Concorde des 3 augustes
La concorde casquée, drapée, la tête tournée à droite, sur un trône, le pied sur une proue de navire, tenant un sceptre long de la main droite et une corne d'abondance de la main gauche.
Argent - 1.31 gr - 16.2 mm - 12h
RIC IX 25, RSC 4Siliquae
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THEODOSE IER (379-395) - AQUILEA - RIC 28dSilique, 378-383, C1
A/D N THEODO-SIVS P F AVG
Dominus Noster Theodosius Pius Felix Augustus, Notre Maître Théodose Pieux et Heureux Auguste
Buste à droite, diadémé (Perles), drapé et cuirassé. Portait aux cheveux lisse.
R/VIRTVS RO-MANORVM//AQPS
Virtus Romanorum, La vertu des romains
Rome casquée assise de face, tête à gauche, sur un trone, tenant dans sa main droite un globe et une lance renversée dans la main gauche.
Argent - 1.33 gr - 18 mm - 12h
RIC IX 28d, RSC 59
Siliquae
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THEODOSE IER (379-395) - CONSTANTINOPLE - RIC 51bSilique, 378-383, R4
A/D N THEODO-SIVS P F AVG
Dominus Noster Theodosius Pius Felix Augustus, Notre Maître Théodose Pieux et Heureux Auguste
Buste à droite, diadémé (Perles), drapé et cuirassé.
R/VOT/V/MVLT/X//CONS•
Votis quinquennalibus/Multis decennalibus, Vœux pour le cinquième anniversaire de règne et plus pour les dix ans à venir
Légende en 4 lignes dans une couronne de lauriers fermée.
Argent - 1.24 gr - 16.9 mm - 12h
RIC IX 51b, RSC 64
Siliquae
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THEODOSE IER (379-395) - CONSTANTINOPLE - RIC 77hSilique, 383-388, R1
A/D N THEODO-SIVS P F AVG
Dominus Noster Theodosius Pius Felix Augustus, Notre Maître Théodose Pieux et Heureux Auguste
Buste à droite, diadémé (Perles), drapé et cuirassé.
R/VOT/X/MV•LT/XX//CONS•
Votis decennalibus/Multis vicennalibus, Vœux pour le dixième anniversaire de règne et pour le vingtième à venir
Légende en 4 lignes dans une couronne de lauriers fermée.
Argent - 2.03 gr - 17.3 mm - 12h
RIC IX 77h, RSC 67
Siliquae
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THEODOSE IER (379-395) - LYON - RIC 43b(3)Silique, 388-392, R1
A/D N THEODO-SIVS P F AVG
Dominus Noster Theodosius Pius Felix Augustus, Notre Maître Théodose Pieux et Heureux Auguste
Buste à droite, diadémé (Perles), drapé et cuirassé.
R/VRBS-ROMA//LVGS
Urbs Roma, La ville de Rome
Rome casquée assise à gauche sur une cuirasse, tenant un globe nicéphore de la main droite et une lance renversée de la main gauche.
Argent - 2 gr - 18.3 mm - 12h
RIC IX 43b(3), RSC 72
Soit une haste renversée, soit un sceptre pour certaines officines, lorsque le crochet n'est plus visible.
A l'exergue, dans la marque d'officine, N et S semblent superposés. Ce peut-être du soit une illusion due à un coin bouché, soit une rectification de coin entre officine. La lettre est certainement un S, le plus courant.
Il s’agit peut être d’un coin rectifié ce qui permettrai de dire que l’émission LVGS succède à l’émission LVGN (merci Elagabale2000)
Siliquae
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THEODOSE IER (379-395) - LYON - RIC 43dSilique, 388-392, R3
A/D N THEODO-SIVS P F AVG
Dominus Noster Theodosius Pius Felix Augustus, Notre Maître Théodose Pieux et Heureux Auguste
Buste à droite, diadémé (Perles), drapé et cuirassé.
R/VRBS-ROMA//LVGPS
Urbs Roma, La ville de Rome
Rome casquée assise à gauche sur une cuirasse, tenant un globe nicéphore de la main droite et une lance renversée de la main gauche.
Argent - 1.03 gr - 16.1 mm - 6h
RIC IX 43d, RSC
Devant la divinité au revers faut il y voir un candélabre ou brule parfum ? Le RIC y voit un cippe, d'où la référence 43d au lieu de 43b2.
Siliquae
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THEODOSE IER (379-395) - MILAN - RIC 32a Silique, 393-394, R2
A/D N THEODO-SIVS P F AVG
Dominus Noster Theodosius Pius Felix Augustus, Notre Maître Théodose Pieux et Heureux Auguste
Buste à droite, diadémé (Perles), drapé et cuirassé. Portait aux cheveux lisse.
R/VIRTVS RO-MANORVM//MDPS
Virtus Romanorum, La vertu des romains
Rome casquée assise à gauche sur une cuirasse, tenant dans sa main droite le globe nicéphore et une lance renversée dans la main gauche.
Argent - 1.5 gr - 18.8 mm - 12h
RIC IX 32a, RSC 57b
Siliquae
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THEODOSE IER (379-395) - TREVES - RIC 55aSilique, 378-383, C1
A/D N THEODO-SIVS P F AVG
Dominus Noster Theodosius Pius Felix Augustus, Notre Maître Théodose Pieux et Heureux Auguste
Buste à droite, diadémé (Perles), drapé et cuirassé. Portait aux cheveux lisse.
R/CONCOR-DIA AV GGG//TRPS
Concordia Augustorum, La Concorde des 3 augustes
La concorde casquée, drapée, la tête tournée à droite, sur un trône, le pied sur une proue de navire, tenant un sceptre long de la main droite et une corne d'abondance de la main gauche.
Argent - 1.88 gr - 17.3 mm - 12h
RIC IX 55a, RSC 4a
Siliquae
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THEODOSE IER (379-395) - TREVES - RIC 55aSilique, 378-383, C1
A/D N THEODO-SIVS P F AVG
Dominus Noster Theodosius Pius Felix Augustus, Notre Maître Théodose Pieux et Heureux Auguste
Buste à droite, diadémé (Perles), drapé et cuirassé. Portait aux cheveux lisse.
R/CONCOR-DIA AV GGG//TRPS
Concordia Augustorum, La Concorde des 3 augustes
La concorde casquée, drapée, la tête tournée à droite, sur un trône, le pied sur une proue de navire, tenant un sceptre long de la main droite et une corne d'abondance de la main gauche.
Argent - 1.88 gr - 17.3 mm - 12h
RIC IX 55a, RSC 4a
Siliquae
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THEODOSE IER (379-395) - TREVES - RIC 94bSilique, 388-392, C1
A/D N THEODO-SIVS P F AVG
Dominus Noster Theodosius Pius Felix Augustus, Notre Maître Théodose Pieux et Heureux Auguste
Buste à droite, diadémé (Perles), drapé et cuirassé. Portait aux cheveux lisse.
R/VIRTVS RO-MANORVM//TRPS
Virtus Romanorum, La vertu des romains
Rome casquée assise à gauche sur une cuirasse, tenant un globe nicéphore de la main droite et une lance renversée de la main gauche.
Argent - 1.98 gr - 17.4 mm - 12h
RIC IX 94b, RSC 57a
Siliquae
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Theodosius I (379-395 AD) AE4, Antioch mintRoman Imperial, Theodosius I (379-395 AD) AE4, Antioch mint
Obverse: D N THEODO-SIVS PF AVG, Diademmed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: VOT X MVLT XX inside wreath. Mint mark: ANA "Vow of ten years service, total of twenty.
Reference: RIC IX Antioch 65
Ex: Kayser-i Rum Numismatics +photo
Gil-galad
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Theodosius I (379-395 CE), Æ3.Obverse: DNTHEODOSIVSPFAVG - Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: GLORIAREIPVBLICE, B to left, TES in Exergue, camp gate with two turrets.
Reference: RIC 62b.2 (Thessalonica)Daniel F
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Theodosius I (RIC IX Antioch 56c)Theodosius I (347-395), Roman emperor (379-395). Æ (12 mm, 1.02 g), Antioch. Obverse: DN THEODO-SIVS PF AVG. Reverse: VOT/X/MVLT/XX, ANTA or ANT delta in exergue. RIC IX Antioch 56c, C.Jan
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Theodosius I AE3. 379-395 ADRoman Imperial, Theodosius I AE3, (379-395 AD)
Obverse: D N THEODOSIVS P F AVG, Pearl diademed, draped & cuirassed bust right.
Reverse: CONCOR-DIA AVGGG, Constantinopolis seated facing, looking half right, holding scepter, left hand on knee. Mintmark ANTB "Concord of Three Emperors"
Reference: Pending
Gil-galad
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Theodosius I, (379-395 CE), Æ34 CyzicusObverse: DN THEODOSIVS PF AVG, diademed, draped and cuirassed bust r.
Reverse: VOT/X/MVLT/XX in wreath;
Exergue SNKr.
Reference: RIC 21c, Cohen 68Daniel F
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Theodosius, AntiochTheodosius (379-395 AD)
DNTHEODO-SIVS PF AVG
Pearl Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right
CONCOR-DIA AVGGG
Constantinopolis, turreted, seated facing on throne, holding scepter right
ANTr
Antioch mint
RIC 44a Antiocharizonarobin
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Thessalonica, 160 Theodosius I. (379-395 A.D.), RIC IX 062b.1.3, AE-4, Δ/-//TES, GLORIA REIPVBLICE, Campgate with two turrets, #1Thessalonica, 160 Theodosius I. (379-395 A.D.), RIC IX 062b.1.3, AE-4, Δ/-//TES, GLORIA REIPVBLICE, Campgate with two turrets, #1
avers: D N THEODOSIVS P F AVG, Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.
reverse: GLORIA REIPVBLICE, Campgate, 2 turrets, 5 layers, no doors, Δ in left field, mintmark TES in ex.
exergue: Δ/-//TES, diameter: 12,5mm, weight: 1,56g, axes: 0h,
mint: Thessalonica, date: 383-388 A.D., ref: RIC IX 062b.1.3,
Q-001quadrans
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[1601a] Theodosius I, 19 January 379 - 17 January 395 A.D. Bronze AE 2, RIC 83(b), EF, Constantinople mint, 4.389g, 22.1mm, 180o, 25 Aug 383 - 28 Aug 388 A.D.; Obverse: D N THEODO-SIVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right; Reverse: VIRTVS E-XERCITI, Emperor standing right holding standard and globe, foot on captive, cross in left field, CONSA in exergue. Ex FORVM.
De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families
THEODOSIUS I (379-395 A.D.)
David Woods
University College of Cork
Origin and Early Career
Flavius Theodosius was born at Cauca in Spain in about 346 to Thermantia and Theodosius the Elder (so-called to distinguish him from his son). Theodosius the Elder was a senior military officer serving in the Western empire and rose to become the magister equitum praesentalis under the emperor Valentinian I from late 368 until his execution in early 375. As the son of a soldier, Theodosius was legally obliged to enter upon a military career. He seems to have served under his father during his expedition to Britain in 367/8, and was the dux Moesiae Primae by late 374. Unfortunately, great controversy surrounds the rest of his career until Gratian had him hailed as his imperial colleague in succession to the emperor Valens at Sirmium on 19 January 379. It is clear that he was forced to retire home to Spain only to be recalled to active service shortly thereafter, but the circumstances of his forced retirement are shrouded in mystery. His father was executed at roughly the same time, and much speculation has centred on the relationship between these events.
[For a very detailed and interesting discussion of the Foreign Policy of Theodosius and the Civil Wars that plagued his reign, please see http://www.roman-emperors.org/theo1.htm]
Family and Succession
Theodosius married twice. His first wife was the Spanish Aelia Flavia Flaccilla. She bore him Arcadius ca. 377, Honorius on 9 September 384, and Pulcheria ca. 385. Theodosius honoured her with the title of Augusta shortly after his accession, but she died in 386. In late 387 he married Galla, daughter of Valentinian I and full-sister of Valentinian II. She bore him Gratian ca. 388, Galla Placidia ca. 388/390, and died in childbirth in 394, together with her new-born son John. Of his two sons who survived infancy, he appointed Arcadius as Augustus on 19 January 383 and Honorius as Augustus on 23 January 393. His promotion of Arcadius as a full Augustus at an unusually young age points to his determination right from the start that one of his own sons should succeed him. He sought to strengthen Arcadius' position in particular by means of a series of strategic marriages whose purpose was to tie his leading "generals" irrevocably to his dynasty. Hence he married his niece and adoptive daughter Serena to his magister militum per Orientem Stilicho in 387, her elder sister Thermantia to a "general" whose name has not been preserved, and ca. 387 his nephew-in-law Nebridius to Salvina, daughter of the comes Africae Gildo. By the time of his death by illness on 17 January 395, Theodosius had promoted Stilicho from his position as one of the two comites domesticorum under his own eastern administration to that of magister peditum praesentalis in a western administration, in an entirely traditional manner, under his younger son Honorius. Although Stilicho managed to increase the power of the magister peditum praesentalis to the disadvantage of his colleague the magister equitum praesentalis and claimed that Theodosius had appointed him as guardian for both his sons, this tells us more about his cunning and ambition than it does about Theodosius' constitutional arrangements.
Theodosius' importance rests on the fact that he founded a dynasty which continued in power until the death of his grandson Theodosius II in 450. This ensured a continuity of policy which saw the emergence of Nicene Christianity as the orthodox belief of the vast majority of Christians throughout the middle ages. It also ensured the essential destruction of paganism and the emergence of Christianity as the religion of the state, even if the individual steps in this process can be difficult to identify. On the negative side, however, he allowed his dynastic interests and ambitions to lead him into two unnecessary and bloody civil wars which severely weakened the empire's ability to defend itself in the face of continued barbarian pressure upon its frontiers. In this manner, he put the interests of his family before those of the wider Roman population and was responsible, in many ways, for the phenomenon to which we now refer as the fall of the western Roman empire.
Copyright (C) 1998, David Woods.
Published: De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and their Families http://www.roman-emperors.org/startup.htm. Used by permission.
There is a nice segue here, as we pick-up John Julius Norwich's summation of the reign of Theodosius, "Readers of this brief account of his career may well find themselves wondering, not so much whether he deserved the title of 'the Great' as how he ever came to acquire it in the first place. If so, however, they may also like to ask themselves another question: what would have been the fate of the Empire if, at that critical moment in its history after the battle of Adrianople, young Gratian had not called him from his Spanish estates and put the future of the East into his hands? . . . the probability is that the whole Empire of the East would have been lost, swallowed up in a revived Gothic kingdom, with effects on world history that defy speculation.
In his civil legislation he showed, again and again, a consideration for the humblest of his subjects that was rare indeed among rulers of the fourth century. What other prince would have decreed that any criminal, sentenced to execution, imprisonment or exile, must first be allowed thirty days' grace to put his affairs in order? Or that a specified part of his worldly goods must go to his children, upon whom their father's crimes must on no account be visited? Or that no farmer should be obliged to sell his produce to the State at a price lower than he would receive on the open market?
Had he earned his title? Not, perhaps, in the way that Constantine had done or as Justinian was to do. But, if not ultimately great himself, he had surely come very close to greatness; and had he reigned as long as they did his achievements might well have equalled theirs. He might even have saved the Western Empire. One thing only is certain: it would be nearly a century and a half before the Romans would look upon his like again" (Norwich, John Julius. Byzantium, the Early Centuries. London: Penguin Group, 1990. 116-7;118).
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.Cleisthenes
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