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Caracalla, AE 23 DiassariaM AVRE ANTONIN
Bust laureate, right
MVNIC STOB
Nike advancing right with wreath and palm
Josifovski -, V Unlisted, R Unlisted but reverse matches unlisted die of Julia Domna
Kuzmanovic Collection 700whitetd49Jan 25, 2007
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Caracalla, AE 22 DiassariaA C M . AVR . ANTONINVS
Bust laureate, right
MVNICI STO/BENS
Nike-Nemesis advancing left with wreath and palm, wheel at her feet
Unlisted dies but obverse occurs with R186, so links to V52whitetd49Jan 25, 2007
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Dacian Celts, Imitative of Philip III, 2nd Century B.C.Silver scyphate drachm, Dessewffy, No. 534, Group XXVIII, Fair, 1.927g, 15.7mm, obverse stylized head of Herakles right, wearing lion's head headdress, dot border; reverse PIL, Zeus enthroned left, holding a scepter in left and eagle in outstretched right, monogram left (double ax with dot above), dot border; imitative of drachm of Philip III of MacedoncwonsidlerJan 25, 2007
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535Carausius 287-93AD
"Denarius"
Obv "IMP CARAVSIVS PF AVG"
Laureate, draped & cuirassed bust right
Rev "ADVENTVS AVG"
Emperor on horseback left, captive at feet
London mint?
-/-/RSR
RIC 535mauseusJan 25, 2007
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valensValens AE3
Obverse- D N VALENS P F AVG, bust right.
Reverse- Valens advancing w. captive and labarum.b70Jan 24, 2007
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ROMAN REPUBLIC, Scipio, AR DenariusScipio 46 B.C.
Obv: Q METEL PIVS
Rev: SCIPIO IMPJan 24, 2007
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Judaea, Bar Kochba RevoltBar Kochba bronze, 132-135 AD.
Obverse- Palm tree, 'Simon'.
Reverse- Vine leaf, 'year 2 of the freedom of Israel.'
Hendin-708, 24 mm, 8.4 g.b70Jan 23, 2007
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Otacilia Severa 246-248 AD.Otacilia Severa, AR Antoninianus.
Obverse- M . OTACIL SEVERA AVG, diademed, draped bust right on crescent, hair weaved in straight lines and rows with long plait carried up the back of head.
Reverse- CONCORDIA-AVGG, Concordia seated left, patera in right hand, double cornucopiae in left.
Rome mint, RIC IV, Part III, 125c, Ex Vel Garnett Collection.
22mm x 24mm, 4.76g
Note: The "pellet” in the obverse legend appears to be more of a spacer for the engraver versus an actual device meant to be struck up on the coins themselves as this piece seems to have been struck from very fresh dies. Most likely the “pellet” is not as evident on later strikes from this die and would instead appear more like an intentional space.
b70Jan 23, 2007
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Titus, Judea CaptaObverse- Head of Titus right.
Reverse- Nike standing right, resting foot on helmet and inscribing shield hanging from palm tree.
21mm, 7.9grb70Jan 23, 2007
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ROMAN EMPIRE, GalbaGalba 68-69 A.D.
Obv: IMP SER GALBA AVG
Rev: DIVA AVGVSTA
RIC 4Jan 23, 2007
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Roman Augustus DenariusSilver denarius, Lugdunum mint, 15-13 B.C.; obverse AVGVSTVS DIVI F, bare head right; reverse IMP XII, bull butting right.
, RIC 178a, S 1610, BMC 476TanitJan 23, 2007
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Otacilia Severa SestertiusAE Sestertius
Obv: MARCIA OTACIL SEVERA AVG ;diad. and draped bust right
Rev: PVDICITIA AVG S C ; Pudicitia std. l.
C.55TanitJan 23, 2007
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ROMAN EMPIRE, Trajan, Denarius, Aequitas reverseAttribution: RIC 118 (RIC II)
Date: 107-111 AD
Obverse: Laureate bust right, drapery on left shoulder
Reverse: Aequitas standing with scales and cornucopia
Weight: 3.41 grams
Jan 23, 2007
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Roman Antoninus Pius SestertiusÆ Sestertius
Rome mint, 142 AD.
Obv.: ANTONINVS AVG PI - VS P P TR P COS III , laureate head of Antoninus Pius right.
Rev.: CONCORDIAE / S C (in ex.), Antoninus Pius, standing right on low daïs, holding Concordia, clasping hands over lighted altar with Faustina Sr. diademed and veiled, standing right on low daïs, holding sceptre; corresponding smaller male and female figures standing before, clasping hands.
RIC III 601; BMCRE 1237; Hill 480 ; Cohen 146 .
TanitJan 22, 2007
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ROMAN EMPIRE, Vitellius, DenariusVitellius 69 A.D.
Obv: A VITELLIVS IMP GERMAN
Rev: FIDES EXERCITVVM
Lugdunum Mint
RIC 53Jan 22, 2007
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Roman Marcus Aurelius DenariusAR Denarius
Obv: AVRELIVS CAESAR AVG PII FIL ; bare head r.
Rev: TR POT VIIII COS II ; Minerva stg. l., holding an owl, and leaning against a shield.
RIC 463a, C.676TanitJan 22, 2007
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Roman Hadrian DenariusAR Denarius
Obv: HADRIANVS AVG COS III PP ; bare head r.
Rev: GERMANIA ; figure of Germania stg. l. , leaning on shield and holding spear.
(Refers to the visit of Germany, ca. 121 AD)
C.802TanitJan 22, 2007
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M. Atilius Seranus - denariusM. Atilius Saranus. 148 BC. AR Denarius, 3.54 g; obv. SARAN downwards, helmeted head of Roma right, X (mark of value = 10 asses) behind; rev. Dioscuri riding right, M. ATILI below, ROMA in linear border in exergue; Crawford 214/1bBartosz AJan 22, 2007
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L. Thorius Balbus - denariusL. Thorius Balbus. 105 BC. AR Denarius, 3.91 g; obv. I(uno) S(ospita) M(agna) R(egina), Head of Juno wearing goat's skin; rev. Bull charging right; T above, L. THORIVS below, BALBVS in linear border in exergue; Crawford 316/1.Bartosz AJan 22, 2007
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Caracalla, AE 23 DiassariaM AV ANTONINVS AVG PIVS
Radiate head, right
MVNICI STOBEN
Nike advancing left with wreath and palm
Unlisted dies, obverse die match with specimen iin Jerome Holderman's gallery.
Only three dies of Caracalla with radiate busts are listed by Josifovski but two are in error. Dupicate specimen
Kuzmanovic Collection 625whitetd49Jan 21, 2007
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1as PoppaeaWife of Nero, died 65 AD
Tetradrachm
Radiate head, right, NERW LKAU KAIS SEB GER AV
Poppaea, portrait right, POPPAIA SEBASTH, LIA to rt
Milne 209
Poppaea Sabina (AD 30-65) after AD 63 known as Poppaea Augusta Sabina and sometimes referred to as Poppaea Sabina the Younger to differentiate her from her mother of the same name, was the second wife of the Emperor Nero from AD 62. Prior to this she was the wife of the future Emperor Otho. Suetonius noted, "He married two wives after Octavia. The first was Poppaea Sabina (from AD 62), daughter of an ex-quaestor, married at that time to a Roman knight. . . . Nero doted on Poppeia, whom he married twelve days after divorcing Octavia, yet he caused her death by kicking her when she was pregnant and ill, because she complained of his coming home late from the races. She had borne him a daughter, Claudia Augusta, who died in infancy."BlindadoJan 20, 2007
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ROMAN EMPIRE, Domitian, AR DenariusJan 20, 2007
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ROMAN EMPIRE, Geta, AR denariusJan 20, 2007
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ROMAN EMPIRE, Hadrian, AR DenariusOne of my last -and favorite -acquisitions. I like the golden patina on the coin and the perfect portrait.Jan 20, 2007
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ROMAN EMPIRE, Septimius Severus, AR DenariusJan 20, 2007
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297aSestertius
Rome mint
AETERNITATI AVG SC
RIC 297amauseusJan 20, 2007
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306aSestertius
Rome mint
PM TRP III COS II PP SC
RIC 306amauseusJan 20, 2007
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319aSestertius
Rome mint
PAX AETERNA SC
RIC 319amauseusJan 20, 2007
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068 AD., Galba, Rome mint, Æ As, RIC 510.Galba, Rome mint, 68 AD. (November),
Æ As (26-27 mm / 10.49 g),
Obv.: SER SVLPI GALBA IMP CAESAR AVG TR P , laureate head of Galba right.
Rev.: S - C , Victoria walking left, r. holding wreath and l. palm.
RIC 510 .
my ancient coin database
ArminiusJan 20, 2007
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112Denarius
Rome mint
IOVIS STATOR
RIC 112mauseusJan 20, 2007
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113Denarius
Rome mint
LAETITIA AVG N
RIC 113mauseusJan 20, 2007
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115Denarius
Rome mint
PM TRP III COS II PP
RIC 115mauseusJan 20, 2007
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127Denarius
Rome mint
DIANA LVCIFERA
RIC 127mauseusJan 20, 2007
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129Denarius
Rome mint
PIETAS AVGVSTI
RIC 129mauseusJan 20, 2007
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129aDenarius
Rome mint
SALVS AVGVSTI
RIC 129amauseusJan 20, 2007
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130Denarius
Rome mint
SECVRITAS PVBLICA
RIC 130mauseusJan 20, 2007
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131Denarius
Rome mint
VENVS VICTRIX
RIC 131mauseusJan 20, 2007
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1bm LucillaWife of Lucius Verus, executed 182 AD
Sestertius
Draped bust, right, LVCILLAE AVG ANTONINI AVG F
Venus standing facing left holding apple, drawing out robe, VENUS
RIC 1767
Daughter of Marcus Aurelius and Faustina Junior, she married Lucius Verus in 164.
According to Herodian: For the present, however, the memory of his father and his respect for his advisers held Commodus in check. But then a disastrous stroke of ill fortune completely altered his previously mild, moderate disposition. It happened this way. The oldest of the emperor's sisters was Lucilla. She had formerly been married to Lucius Verus Caesar. . . . But after Lucius died, Lucilla, who retained all the privileges of her imperial position, was married by her father to Pompeianus.
Commodus, too, allowed his sister to retain the imperial honors; she continued to occupy the imperial seat at the theaters, and the sacred fire was carried before her. But when Commodus married Crispina, custom demanded that the front seat at the theater be assigned to the empress. Lucilla found this difficult to endure, and felt that any honor paid to the empress was an insult to her; but since she was well aware that her husband Pompeianus was devoted to Commodus, she told him nothing about her plans to seize control of the empire. Instead, she tested the sentiments of a wealthy young nobleman, Quadratus, with whom she was rumored to be sleeping in secret. Complaining constantly about this matter of imperial precedence, she soon persuaded the young man to set in motion a plot which brought destruction upon himself and the entire senate.
Quadratus, in selecting confederates among the prominent senators, prevailed upon Quintianus, a bold and reckless young senator, to conceal a dagger beneath his robe and, watching for a suitable time and place, to stab Commodus; as for the rest, he assured Quintianus that he would set matters straight by bribes.
But the assassin, standing in the entrance to the amphitheater (it was dark there and he hoped to escape detection), drew his dagger and shouted at Commodus that he had been sent by the Senate to kill him. Quintianus wasted time making his little speech and waving his dagger; as a result, he was seized by the emperor's bodyguards before he could strike, and died for his stupidity in revealing the plot prematurely.
This was the initial reason for the young emperor's hatred of the Senate. He took Quintianus' words to heart and, ever mindful of what his attacker had said, now considered the entire Senate his collective enemy.
This incident also gave Perennis sufficient excuse for taking action, for he was always advising the emperor to eliminate and destroy the prominent men. By confiscating their property, Perennis easily made himself the richest man of his time. After the attempt at assassination had been thoroughly investigated by the prefect, Commodus without mercy put to death his sister, all those actually involved in the plot, and any who were under the slightest suspicion as well.BlindadoJan 20, 2007
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1bl Lucius Verus161-169
As
166-167
Laureate head, right, L VERVS AVG ARM PARTH MAX
3 trophies, TR P VII IMP III[I] COS III
RIC 1464
Son of Aelius Caesar and adopted son of Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius elevated his adoptive brother to co-ruler in 161. The Parthians launched an attack against Roman Syria that it had planned before the death of Pius, and Marcus, with the agreement of the Senate, dispatched Lucius to deal with the crisis. According to the Historia Augusta, "Verus, of course, after he arrived in Syria, lived in luxury at Antioch and Daphne, although he was acclaimed imperator while waging the Parthian war through legates." This coin's reverse honors his military victory over the Parthians in 165.
The Historia Augusta describes Verus: He was physically handsome with a genial face. His beard was allowed to grow almost in Barbarian style. He was a tall man, his forehead projected somewhat above his eyebrows, so that he commanded respect. . . In speech almost halting, he was very keen on gambling, and his way of life was always extravagant. BlindadoJan 20, 2007
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1bk Faustina JuniorWife of Marcus Aurelius. 131-176
As
Draped bust, left, FAVSTINA AVG PII AVG FIL
Juno seated left holding the three graces and scepter, peacock at feet, IVNO SC
The daughter of Antoninus Pius, wife of Aurelius, and mother of Commodus, Faustina had a box seat to witness the end of the Golden Age. She bore Aurelius at least 13 children and accompanied him on his military campaigns, yet years later had her reputation impuned for alleged adultery.
The reverse is RIC 1400, for which only right-facing busts are listed.
From Curtis Clay: "This is a rev. type that used to be very rare, even with bust right, but quite a few specimens have emerged from Bulgaria since the fall of the Iron Curtain.
I had a specimen with bust left myself, acquired from Baldwin's c. 1970, which is now in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.
A VF specimen with bust left, from the same dies as yours, was in CNG E54, 4 Dec. 2002, 145 = CNG 57, 4 April 2001, 1292.
Still an interesting and scarce reverse type, and rare with bust left, a variety that is hard to find on any Roman coin of Faustina II !" Thank you, Curtis!BlindadoJan 20, 2007
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286Maximianus I 286-305 AD
AE denarius
Ticinum Mint
MAXIMIANVS AVG
Laureate bust right
VTILITAS PVBLICA
Utilitas standing facing, head left
-/-//T
RIC (VI) Ticinum 27bmauseusJan 19, 2007
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893cfCarausius 287-93AD
Antoninianus
Obv “IMP CARAVSIVS P AVG”
Radiate, draped consular bust left holding eagle tipped sceptre
Rev “PAX AVG”
Pax standing left with transverse sceptre
Unmarked mint
RIC - (cf 893ff)
Obverse die duplicate in the Albert Baldwin collection (Glendinings 20-21 November 1969, pl XIII, lot 332)mauseusJan 19, 2007
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ROMAN EMPIRE, Gordian III AR Antoninianus / Apollo reverseAttribution: RIC 89 (RIC IV, Part III), Sear 8648
Date: 242-243 AD
Obverse: IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG ; Radiate bust right
Reverse: PM TR P V COS II PP ; Apollo naked to the waist and seated, holding branch and resting left arm on lyre
Weight: 4.12 grams
ex Eden Seminary Collection
Jan 19, 2007
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Louis XVIII AE Medal, 1814Louis XVIII (1754 - 1793) AE Medal (copper, 32 mm), circa 1814, later restrike.
Obv.: Jugate busts of Henry IV and Louis XVIII.
Rev.: Inscription in 8 lines, thanking the people for restoring a statue of his grandfather, Henry IV.
ex Barry & Darling
$35areichJan 19, 2007
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Belgian Numismatic Society 30mm Brass Token - 1875Belgian Numismatic Society Token (brass, 30 mm) , minted 1875.
obv.: Coat of arms.
rev.: Inscription reads "Royal Numismatic Society of Belgium - Souvenir of meeting 9th of May 1875.
ex Barry & Darling
$22areichJan 19, 2007
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[2400d] Pergamene Kingdom, Mysia, Western Asia Minor, Philetairos I, 282 - 263 B.C.Silver tetradrachm, Meydancikkale 3000, SNG Paris 1603 var, SNG Von Aulock -, SNG Cop -, VF, Pergamon mint, 16.629g, 28.1mm, 0o, c. 265 - 263 B.C. Obverse: head of Philetaerus right in taenia; Reverse: FILETAIROU downward on right, Athena enthroned left, right hand on shield before her, spear over shoulder in left, leaf above arm, bow right; high relief portrait; very rare. Ex FORVM.
This coin bears the first portrait of Philetairos, the founder of the Pergamene Kingdom, 282 -263 B.C. Hoard evidence and recent studies indicate it was struck at the end of his reign. Philetairos first struck in the name of Lysimachos, then posthumous Alexander types under Seleukos I, then Seleukos and Herakles (see coin 309p) portrait types under Antiochos I, and lastly this type with his own portrait. This same reverse was used for the Seleukos I portrait types. Philetairos' coinage is known for its magnificent realistic portraits and this coin is an excellent example. Very rare and absent from most major collections.
Attalid Dynasty(270-133 BC) - capital at Pergamum
Founded by Philetairos, the Greek secretary of Alexander the Great's general Lysimachus.
In his monograph "The Pergamene Mint Under Philetaerus" (The American Numismatic Society, No.76, 1936), Edward T. Newell notes, "The event which precipitated the end of Lysimachus' empire and resulted in the rise to power of the Attalid Dynasty, was the execution in 286-5 B.C. of his son, the heir apparent Agathocles. For Philetareus the situation had now become impossible. He belonged to the faction which had gathered about that able and much beloved young man--in opposition to the party headed by Lysimachus' wife, the ambitious Arsinoe, scheming for the preferment of her own children. So after having functioned for many years as the governor of Pergamum and the trusted guardian of the great treasure there deposited, Philetaerus was now forced to take steps for his own safety. Sometime between 284 and 282 B.C. many of the Asiatic cities and certain officers of Lysimachus openly rebelled and called upon Seleucus for aid. Philetaerus also wrote to the Syrian king, placing himself, and the treasure under his care, at the latter's disposal. Seleucus led his army, together with a large contingent of elephants, into the Asiatic provinces of Lysimachus. On the plain of Corupedium in Lydia there occurred the final and decisive battle in which, as is well known, Lysimachus lost both life and empire" (3-5).
When [Lysimachus] fell fighting Seleucus, Philetairos (a eunuch) withdrew with his commander's military war chest to a mountain fortress that ultimately became his palace acropolis of Pergamum. He gained royal recognition through his successful efforts at repulsing the Gallic invasion of western Anatolia in 270-269 BC. Philetairos drove the Gauls into the Phrygian highlands where they settled in the region thereafter known as Galatia. He became recognized by the Greek cities of the coastal region as a liberator and savior and established his hegemony over them. Since he had no children, his domain passed to the four sons of his brother, Attalus I. Normally, so many rival dynasts would have spelled disaster (as it eventually did in Syria and Egypt), but the Attalids became celebrated for their cooperation at state building. They handed the royal authority from one to another in succession and managed to elevate their realm into the top echelon of Mediterranean states.
Particularly skillful diplomacy with Rome enabled the Attalids to enjoy further success during the early second century BC. At their peak under Eumenes II, c. 190-168 BC, they controlled the entire western seaboard of Anatolia and much of Phrygian highland as well. In direct competition with the Ptolemies and the Seleucids, the Attalids succeeded at establishing Pergamum as a leading cultural center, its library second only to that of Alexandria, its sculpture, woven tapestries, and ceramics prized throughout the Mediterranean. An expressive, highly baroque style of sculpture known as the Asian school, set important trends in the Greek world and profoundly influenced artistic development at Rome. The Attalids likewise competed for control of the eastern luxury trade, relying on the overland route of the now ancient Persian Royal Road across Anatolia.
When a dynastic dispute threatened to undermine the stability of Pergamum at the end of the second century BC, King Attalus III (138-133) left his royal domain to the people of the Roman Republic in his will. His nobles were concerned about security after his passing, and to prevent a dynastic dispute (which ultimately did arise) he wrote this into his will as a form of "poison pill." At his demise in 133 BC, ambassadors brought the report of his bequest to Rome, where it was accepted and secured by military intervention. By 126 BC the royal territories of Pergamum became the Roman province of Asia, the richest of all Roman provinces.
Abusive exploitation by Roman tax collectors (publicans) induced a province-wide revolt in Asia in 88 BC (encouraged by Mithridates VI Eupator), culminating in the massacre reportedly of some 80,000 Romans, Italians, their families, and servants throughout the province. L. Cornelius Sulla restored order in 84 BC just prior to his assumption of the dictatorship at Rome. Indemnities imposed by Sulla remained burdensome throughout the following decade, but the resilience and economic vitality of the province ultimately enabled impressive recovery.
In 63 BC the Roman orator and senator, M. Tullius Cicero, stated that approximately 40% of tribute raised by the Republican empire came from Asia alone. The merger of Greco-Roman culture was probably most successfully achieved here. In the imperial era, cities such as Pergamum, Ephesus, Sardis, and Miletus ranked among the leading cultural centers of the Roman world.
http://72.14.235.104/search?q=cache:n9hG5pYVUV0J:web.ics.purdue.edu/~rauhn/hellenistic_world.htm+Philetairos&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=29
Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
CleisthenesJan 19, 2007
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Augustus; September 23, 63 BC–August 19, AD 14Augustus (Latin: IMP•CAESAR•DIVI•F•AVGVSTVS; September 23, 63 BC–August 19, AD 14), known as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (English Octavian; Latin: C•IVLIVS•C•F•CAESAR•OCTAVIANVS) for the period of his life prior to 27 BC, was the first and among the most important of the Roman Emperors.CleisthenesJan 19, 2007
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The Battle of Actium, by Lorenzo A. Castro, 1672.The Battle of Actium was a naval battle of the Roman Civil War between Mark Antony and Octavian (Caesar Augustus). It was fought on September 2, 31 BC, near the Roman colony of Actium in Greece (near the modern-day city of Preveza), on the Ionian Sea. Octavian's fleet was commanded by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Antony's fleet was supported by the fleet of his lover, Cleopatra, queen of Ptolemaic Egypt. The battle was won by the forces of Octavian, whose victory led him to be titled the Princeps Augustus, and eventually to be considered the first Roman Emperor; for this reason the date of the battle is often used to mark the end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire.
CleisthenesJan 19, 2007
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University Class, circa 1350--Laurentius de VoltolinaStudents in the front row are attentive; those near the window are chatting, and there is a student asleep in the third row-foreground. This is quite similar to my 12th grade International Baccalaureate English Literature class. As my colleague on the FORVM Disccusion Boad, G. Moneti notes, "I guess people don't change all that much after all" (http://www.forumancientcoins.com/board/index.php?topic=31329.msg219475#msg219475). CleisthenesJan 19, 2007
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Gaius Marius; 157 BC–January 13, 86 BC.Gaius Marius (Latin: C·MARIVS·C·F·C·N)[1] (157 BC–January 13, 86 BC) was a Roman general and politician elected Consul an unprecedented seven times during his career. He was also noted for his dramatic reforms of Roman armies, authorizing recruitment of landless citizens and reorganizing the structure of the legions into separate cohorts.
CleisthenesJan 19, 2007
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Julius Caesar and VercingetorixTHE BATTLE OF ALESIA
Caesar describes this "battle"in his Commentaries on the war in Gaul in Book VII, “Chapters 63-90.”
The story begins in the winter of 54/53 BC when the Eburones attack and destroy the XIVth Legion. The Roman losses have been estimated to be as high as 9000 men. The atmosphere in Rome, at that time, is a politically complex and tense one for Caesar. He realizes he will not be reinforced. Before long, half of Gaul is in revolt; and for the first time individual Gallic tribes--the Senones, Parisii, Pictones, Cadurci, Turoni, Aulerci, Lemovices and Anndes--unite under the leadership of one man, Vercingetorix (Meier 317).
Vercingetorix is a charismatic, highly gifted and ambitious man. He detests the Romans but has carefully studied their tactics. Caesar, himself, comments that “in the exercise of his command Vercingetorix ‘added the utmost care to the utmost severity’” (Meier 318).
The contest between these two leaders is intriguing, and I am unable to do it justice within the confines of this thread. In his book, Caesar, Christian Meir writes not only with the authority of impressive scholarship; he carefully depicts, with the gift of a story teller, the decisions of these men.
Suffice it to say that Vercingetorix seeks temporary refuge with 80,000 men on the summit of a hill named Alesia. His position is “impregnable and impossible to take by storm” (Meier 323). Caesar sees his chance, and in an endeavor that is incredible by any standard, he builds a siege wall/trench that completely surrounds Vercingetorix’s stronghold. “The wall built by the Romans extended for fourteen kilometers, with twenty-three forts as strong points” (Meier 323).
Realizing his predicament, Vercingetorix calls for help. 250,000 Gauls march on Caesar; “the whole of Gaul was to show itself and be victorious” (Meier 324). Surrounded himself, Caesar orders his men to attempt the almost impossible: they must build another siege wall/trench that will surround their first feat of engineering. The Gauls attack Caesar on both sides, and the Romans now fight a battle on two “fronts.”
Caesar, in command of 60,000 men (10 legions or so) is seriously, numerically out numbered. And yet, because of Caesar’s ingenuity and courage; because his legions are superior warriors; perhaps, because Fortune (upon whom Caesar certainly counted) favored the brave (Virgil); and because of the Roman soldier’s other weapon—the shovel; Caesar won a stunning victory. “Few battles, says Plutarch, have been fought with such outstanding bravery and such a wealth of technical invention or ‘martial genius’” (Meier 327).
Works Cited
Meier, Christian. Caesar. London: Fontana Press: 1996.CleisthenesJan 19, 2007
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Aurelianus, Provincial of Alexandria, Egypt19.5 mm, 6.85 g
obv.: A K L DOM AVRHLIANOC CEB, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right
rev.: Eagle standing left, head right, wreath in beak, ETOVC to left, S to right ?areichJan 18, 2007
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Augustus; Thessalonica, MacedoniaAE24, 8.7gareichJan 18, 2007
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Licinius RIC VII Siscia 8Licinius I (308-324)
Follis, struck 313-315
21.6mm, 3.75g
Obv: laureate head right, IMP LIC LICINIVS P F AVG
Rev: Jupiter standing left, holding victory on globe in right, leaning on scepter, chlamys across left shoulder,
eagle with wreath left, B right, IOVI CON-SERVATORI, SIS in exergue
RIC VII Siscia 8 R1, officina B
ex Glenn WoodsareichJan 18, 2007
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Constantine I RIC VII Rome 57Constantine I
AE3, 316-317, 20mm, 2.2g
Obv: IMP CONSTANTINVS P F AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev: SOLI INV-I-CTO COMITI, Sol, radiate, standing left, naked but for chlamys over left shoulder,
right hand raised, globe in left
RT in exergue
RIC VII Rome 57
ex Beast CoinsareichJan 18, 2007
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Constantine I - RIC VII Rome 40OV: IMP CONSTANTINVS PF AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right
RV: SOLI IN-VI-CTO COMITI, Sol standing left, chlamys across left shoulder, holding globe in left, RS in ex.
19.26 mm, 2.95 gr
RIC VII Rome 40 c3areichJan 18, 2007
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Constans RIC 116Constans 337-350 AD, Antioch, 347-8 AD
Reduced follis, 1.53g, 14.25mm, 0°
RIC 116 (common), officina I=10
Obv: pearl-diademed head right, [DN CONSTA]-NS PF AVG
Rx: VOT XV MVLT XX within wreath, SMANI in ex.
ex HJB (Ebay)areichJan 18, 2007
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MAXIMIANUS AE silvered follis, RIC VI Alexandria 32bMAXIMIANUS AE silvered follis. Struck at ALEXANDRIA, 301 AD. IMP CMA MAXIMIANVS P F AVG, laureate head right. Reverse - GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI, Genius standing left, modius on head, pouring libations from patera & holding cornucopiae, XX in field left, Ε over I right, ALE in exergue. 26mm, 10.1g.
RIC VI Alexandria 32bareichJan 18, 2007
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141 - Diocletian - RIC V pt II Lugdunum 55 Bust Type CObv:– IMP C DIOCLETIANVS AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev:– IOVI TVTATORI AVGG, Jupiter standing left with Victory & scepter, eagle at feet
Minted in Lugdunum (P), Emission 5, Officina 1. Autumn A.D. 287- Autumn A.D. 289
References:– Cohen ??. RIC 55 Bust Type C. Bastien ?? (??)maridvnvmJan 18, 2007
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141 - Diocletian - RIC V pt II Lugdunum 64 var Bust Type FObv:– IMP C DIOCLETIANVS P F AVG, Radiate cuirassed bust right
Rev:– PAX AVGG, Pax standing left, with Victory on globe and scepter
Minted in Lugdunum (S in exe) Emission ??, Officina 2. A.D. ???
References:– Cohen ??. RIC V part II Lugdunum 64 var Bust Type F (Not listed with this bust type in RIC). Bastien ?? (?? examples cited)maridvnvmJan 18, 2007
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141 - Diocletian - RIC V pt II Lugdunum 82 Bust Type CObv:– IMP DIOCLETIANVS P AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right, seen from the front
Rev:– SECVRIT PERP, Securitas standing left leaning on column
Minted in Lugdunum (A in exe) Emission 7, Officina 1. Spring A.D. 290 – A.D. 291
References:– Cohen -. RIC V part II Lugdunum 82 Bust Type C. Bastien 345 (5 examples cited)maridvnvmJan 18, 2007
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146 - Maximianus - RIC V pt II 398 Bust Type FObv:– IMP MAXIMIANVS P AVG, Radiate cuirassed bust right
Rev:– PAX AVGG Pax standing left, with Victory on globe and scepter
Minted in Lugdunum (B in exe.). Emission 7, Officina 2. Spring A.D. 290 A.D. 291
References:– RIC V Part 2 398 Bust Type F. Bastien Volume VII 374 (15 examples cited)maridvnvmJan 18, 2007
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146 - Maximianus - RIC V pt II 398 Bust Type FObv:– IMP MAXIMIANVS P AVG, Radiate cuirassed bust right
Rev:– PAX AVGG Pax standing left, with Victory on globe and scepter
Minted in Lugdunum (C in exe.). Emission 7, Officina 3. Spring A.D. 290 A.D. 291
References:– RIC V Part 2 398 Bust Type F. Bastien Volume VII - (Not listed in Bastien from this officina)maridvnvmJan 18, 2007
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132 - Probus - RIC 551 - Bust Type F (Ticinum) (BXXI)Obv:– IMP C PROBVS P F AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– PROVIDENT AVG, Providentia standing left, holding globe and sceptre
Minted in Ticinum (BXXI in exe) Emission 6 Officina 3. A.D. 279
Reference:– RIC 551 Bust type F
This coin shows an unusual positioning of the officina. It is raised compared to the remainder of the exe. with respect to the ground line.maridvnvmJan 18, 2007
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132 - Probus - RIC 673 Bust type F (Rome) (_|B/XXI)Obv:– IMP C M AVR PROBVS AVG, Radiate head facing right
Rev:– CONSERVAT AVG, Sol advancing left, right hand raised and carrying whip in left
Minted in Rome (B in right field, XXI in exe) Emission 1 Officina 2. A.D. 276
Reference:– RIC 673 Bust Type F
RIC attributes to Siscia but Pink re-attributes to the first emission of Rome.maridvnvmJan 18, 2007
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132 - Probus - RIC 731 - Bust Type F (Siscia) (II / XXI)Obv:– IMP C M AVR PROBVS P F AVG, Radiate, cuirassed bust right
Rev:– RESTITVT ORBIS, Victory standing right, presenting wreath to emperor standing left, holding spear
Minted in Siscia (II in centre field, XXI in exe) Emission 9 Officina 2. A.D. 282
Reference:– Alföldi type 57, n° 90. RIC 731 Bust type FmaridvnvmJan 18, 2007
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130 - Tacitus Antoninianus - RIC 048Obv:– IMP C M CL TACITVS AVG, Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev:– PROVID DEOR, Providentia standing left, holding baton and cornucopia; at foot, globe
Minted in Lugdunum (no marks), Emission 1, from October to December A.D. 275
References:– Bastien ??. RIC 48 Bust Type C
A double struck reverse gives an odd depiction of Providentia. maridvnvmJan 18, 2007
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160 - Constantine the Great - RIC VII Lugdunum 016Obv:– IMP CONSTANTINVS P F AVG, Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right (seen from rear)
Rev:– SOLI INV-IC-TO COMITI, Sol standing left holding globe in left and raising right
Minted in Lugdunum. T in left field, F in right field; PLG in exe. A.D. 314-315
Reference:– RIC VII Lugdunum 16 (Rated R4). Bastien XI ???maridvnvmJan 18, 2007
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160 - Constantine the Great - RIC VII Lugdunum 034Obv:– IMP CONSTANTINVS AVG, Laureate bust right
Rev:– SOLI INVIC-TO COMITI, Sol standing left holding globe in left and raising right
Minted in Lugdunum. TF in left field, * in right field; PLG in exe. A.D. 315-316
Reference:– RIC VII Lugdunum 34 maridvnvmJan 18, 2007
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160 - Constantine the Great - RIC VII Trier unlisted (Note to Trier 127)Follis
Obv:- IMP CONSTANTINVS P F AVG. Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right (Seen from the front, Bust B4)
Rev:- SOLI INVICTO COMITI, Sol standing left, holding right hand high in salute and globe
Minted in Trier (T | F / Dot ATR). A.D. 316
Reference:– RIC VII Trier - (RIC notes against Trier 127 that the Catalogue of the Gerin collection had a specimen with the Laur, dr & cuir bust right viewed from the front (bust B4) but not verified eslewhere.) maridvnvmJan 18, 2007
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SabinaSabina
Obv: SABINA AVGVSTA
Rev: VENERI GENTRICI
RIC 396Jan 17, 2007
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Julia DomnaJulia Domna
Obv: IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG
Rev: VESTA
RIC 391Jan 17, 2007
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Julia MaesaJulia Maesa
Obv: IVLIA MAESA AVG. Diademed and draped bust of Julia Maesa facing right.
Rev: PVDICITIA. Pudicitia seated facing left, holding sceptre in her left hand and raising veil with her right hand.
RIC IV: 268Jan 17, 2007
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LucillaLucilla
Obv: LVCILLAE AVG M ANTININI AVG F
Rev: VESTA
RIC 788Jan 17, 2007
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ROMAN EMPIRE, Plautilla, DenariusPlautilla
Obv: PLAVTILLA AVGVSTA
Rev: VENVS VICTRIX
RIC 369Jan 17, 2007
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160 - Constantine the Great - RIC VI Lugdunum 310Follis
Obv:– IMP CONSTANTINVS P F AVG, Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right, seen from rear
Rev:– SOLI INVIC-TO COMITI, Sol standing left holding globe in left and raising right.
Minted in Lugdunum. F in left field, T in right field, PLC in exe. A.D. 309 - 310
Reference:– RIC VI Lugdunum 310 maridvnvmJan 17, 2007
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ROMAN EMPIRE, Philip I AR Antoninianus / Aequitas reverseAttribution: RIC 27b (RIC IV, Part III), RSC 9, Sear 2551
Date: 244-249 AD
Obverse: IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Reverse: AEQVITAS AVGG Aequitas standing left wtih cornucopiae and scales
Size: 22mm
Weight: 3.91 grams
Jan 17, 2007
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France: Military Token, Late 19th CenturyFrance military token (bronze, 28mm), undated, but most likely from the later part of the 19th century.
obv.: Helmeted bust of Marianne (personification of France) right.
rev.: Soldier standing, facing, holding flag, pile of arms before. Group of soldiers at bayonet drill in background left.
ex Barry & Darling
areichJan 17, 2007
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Vespasian, Nicaea, panther. AE 2222.1mm, 5.65g
under governor M. Plancius Varus
Obv.: laureate head right
Rev.: panther seated, placing forepaw on cantharus
RPC 629.areichJan 17, 2007
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Septimius Severus, Markianopolis, Cybele, Iulius Faustianus, AE26Septimius Severus, 193 - 211 n. Chr.
26.35 mmm, 8.85 g
governor Iulius Faustianus.
obv: AV K CEΠ[T] CEVHPOC, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right
rev: V I ΦAVCTINIA [MAP]KIANOΠ[OΛI], Cybele on throne left with patera and tympanon between two lions
AMNG I, 1, p. 202, no. 567areichJan 17, 2007
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Macedonia, Philippi 3 standardsClaudius to Nero,41 B.C. - 68 A.D., Philippi, Macedonia mint
4.3g, 19.8mm, 190°
Obv: VIC - AVG, Victory standing left on base holding wreath and palm
Rev: COHOR PRAE PHIL, three standards
SGIC 32, RPC 1651
Tiathena: 'Nice one… I quite like these coins. Additional Refs, if you should like them: Vagi/CHRE 347, BMC 23. COHOR PRAE PHIL – “"(For) the Praetorian Guard at Philippi.” A very pleasing, historically significant coin…'areichJan 17, 2007
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Elagabalus, Nikopolis, Biga of Serpents, AE2611.1g, 0°
obv: AVT M AVP - ANTONINOC , laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right
rev: VP NOBIOV - POVΦOV NIKOΠOΛIT / Π- POC / ICT, Triptolemos, scattering seeds with his right, standing in biga drawn right by two serpents
AMNG 1906 var. and Pl. XVI, 22areichJan 17, 2007
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Elagabalus, Markianopolis, Abundantia, AE27legate Julius Antonius Seleucus
8.9 g
obv.: laureate and draped bust right
rev.: Abundantia or Annona, standing left, holding corn-ears and cornucopiae
AMNG 861
Thanks to Jochen for the attribution!areichJan 17, 2007
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Diadumenianus Markianopolis AMNG 805struck under Macrinus (217 - 218) for his son Diadumenianus as Caesar
Diadumenian Æ 18mm of Markianopolis.
Obv: K M OPELLI ANTWNEINOC, bare head right
Rev: MARKIANOPOLITWN, cista with serpent.
AMNG 805.areichJan 17, 2007
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Troas, Abydos, mid-4th century BC, AE10, Apollo, Eagleobv: head of Apollo right
rev: Eagle standing right, ABY behind, monogram behind
SG 4011 (hemidrachm) 1.2gareichJan 17, 2007
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Black Sea dolphin coinOlbia, Black Sea area. 5th century BC. cast bronze dolphin with raised eye and dorsal fin.
30.25mm, 2.0g
BMC 21
ex NRCareichJan 17, 2007
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Antoninus Pius, Antiochia ad Orontem, S C in wreath, AE 24Antoninus Pius, 138-161 AD
Seleucis and Pieria, Antiochia ad Orontem
AE 24, 16.39 g
Obv.: laureate head right
Rev.: S C, E below, all within wreath
BM-313
ex HJB (ebay)areichJan 17, 2007
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Julia Domna, Nicaea, TycheareichJan 17, 2007
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