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AFTRSISor.JPG
ROMAN EMPIRE, Julian II AE3 FEL TEMP SISJan 29, 2007
Drachm_Phillip_III.jpg
GREEK, Macedonian Kingdom, Philip III Arrhidaios, 323-317 BC, AR DrachmPrice P20
Abydus mint
Obv: head of Herakles right, clad in lion head headdress
Rev: FILIPPOU, Zeus enthroned left, right leg drawn back, feet on footstool, eagle in right, scepter in left, horse leg left, Mo monogram under throne
Weight: 4.21 grams
Diameter: 17.9 mm
ICG#: 2011970101
Grade: VF30
Jan 29, 2007
Crispus VIRTVS EXERCIT RIC 124.jpg
Crispus VIRTVS EXERCIT RIC VII 124AE3, 18mm, 3.69g.

Obverse: C-RISPVS NOB CAES, Laureate and Cuirassed bust L, with spear and shield.

Reverse: VIRTVS EXERCIT, standard with VOT/XX, bound captive on either side.

Exe: P*T (Ticinum)

RIC VII 124, 319-20, R4.
1 commentsRobert_BrenchleyJan 28, 2007
Lucius Verus Victory and trophy.JPG
Lucius Verus Victory and trophy RIC 1448Ae As, Rome mint, 165-166 AD
Obverse: L VERVS ARM PARTH MAX, Laureate head right
Reverse: TR P VI IMP III COS II, Victory standing right erecting a trophy of arms left.
RIC 1448; Cohen 282
23mm, 8.8gm
1 commentsJerome HoldermanJan 28, 2007
LarryW8022.jpg
RGT, Pulcheria, AD 414-453Gold tremissis, 14.12mm, 1.5g, EF
Struck c. 450-453 at Constantinople
AEL PVLCH-ERIA AVC, pearl-diademed and draped bust right with necklace and earrings, hair elaborately weaved / Cross within wreath, CONOB* in exergue. COA
Ex: Beast Coins
RIC Marcian 521 (wreath-tie 14); Sear 4306
3 commentsLawrence WJan 28, 2007
Alex.jpg
ROMAN EMPIRE, Severus Alexander, DenariusSeverus Alexander 222-235 A.D.

Obv: IMP C M AVR SEV ALEXAND AVG
Rev: PM TR P V COS II PP
RIC 55
1 commentsJan 28, 2007
10677v.jpg
Alexandria in Egypt, Valerian I., 256-257 AD., Billon Tetradrachm, Geissen 2862.Alexandria in Egypt, Valerian I., 256-257 AD.,
Billon Tetradrachm (21-22 mm / 12.97 g),
Obv.: AK Π ΛI OVAΛЄPIANOC ЄYЄYC , laureate cuirassed bust of Valerian right. Rev.: eagle standing left, head right, wreath in beak, regnal year L - Δ across fields (year 4 = 256-7 AD.).
Dattari 5184 ; Geissen 2862 ; Milne 3945 .

my ancient coin database
ArminiusJan 28, 2007
AftrNobCor.JPG
ROMAN EMPIRE, Julian II AE3 FTR SMAN(?)AE3 16.7x17.9mm
Struck with good obverse die but worn reverse die.
Mintmark is SM followed by two letters and a dot.
Jan 28, 2007
ATG_mod_Greek_2.JPG
Alexander the GreatA depiction of Alexander the Great, with the Horn of Ammon, on the obverse of a modern Greek coin.CleisthenesJan 28, 2007
GordianIII-Hadrian.jpg
Gordian III of Thrace, HadrianopolisGordian III
Thrace, Hadrianopolis
AE - / 16.5mm / -
Ob: ΑVΤ Κ Μ ΑΝΤΓΟΡΔΙΑΝΟC - Laureate, draped, curiassed bust right
Rv: ΑΔΡΙΑΟΠΟΛΕΙΤΩ - Cista mystica with raised lid, from which serpent emerges
Exergue: N
References: Varbanov Vol II, 3901
Scotvs CapitisJan 27, 2007
Tiberius.jpg
ROMAN EMPIRE, Tiberius, DenariusTiberius 14-37 A.D.
"Tribute Penny"
Obv: TI CAESAR DIVI AVG F AVGVSTVS
Rev: PONTIF MAXIM
RIC 30v
3 commentsJan 27, 2007
CaraStobe72.JPG
Caracalla, AE 21 DiassariaA C M AVR ANTONINVS
Bust laureate, cuirassed, right, seen from behind
MVNICI STO/BEN
Nike-Nemesis advancing left with wreath and palm, wheel at her feet
Josifovski 503, same dies V8, R188, 7.3 g.
Note clogged reverse die, ICI not visible
1 commentswhitetd49Jan 27, 2007
togorix 3.jpg
Sequanesdenari: TOGIRIX
silver
region: East France
80-50 BC
fredericJan 27, 2007
loup pegase2.jpg
Bituriges-CubesBronze au loup et au pégase
region: Center France - Berry
town: Levroux
90-50 BC
fredericJan 27, 2007
Malichus II.jpg
[402d] Nabataean Kingdom, Malichus II, 40 - 70 A.D.Nabataean Kingdom, Malichus II, 40 - 70 A.D. Bronze AE 16, Meshorer 140A, S 5703, SNG ANS 1444, BMC 4-5, F, Petra mint, 2.174g, 15.2mm, 0o. Obverse: jugate laureate and draped bust of Malichus II and Shuqailat II right; Reverse: two cornucopias, crossed and filleted, Aramaic legend, "Malichus / Shuqai/lat" in two lines above and one below the cornucopias. Ex FORVM.

Nabataea was first mentioned by the historian Diodorus in 312 B.C. The early Nabataeans forsook all building and agriculture because those who possess these things, in order to retain them, are easily compelled by the powerful to do their bidding. Rather than fight invaders, they would go into the desert where only they could survive. In the middle of the first century B.C., the Nabataeans established their urban civilization. Aretas II was a contemporary of Alexander Jannaeus. Aretas III was the first to issue coins, which he began after he defeated the Seleucid army in 84 B.C. and the council of Damascus asked him to govern their city. In 62 B.C., Pompey conquered the area but was unable to take Petra. Nabataea was wealthy from incense trade and apparently paid tribute to keep independent rule. The Nabataeans fought with Herod and also provided forces to the Romans during the Second Jewish Revolt. In 106 A.D., Nabataea was incorporated into the Roman Provincia Arabia. One of the latest known Nabataean inscriptions, from 191 A.D., records "…This in the year 85 of the Eparchy [Roman Rule], in whi[ch] A[rabs] destroyed the land." It seems likely that raiding Arab tribes extinguished what remained of a weakened Nabataean culture. In 747 A.D. what was left of the Nabataean cities was destroyed in a major earthquake.

Damascus was finally lost to the Nabataeans under Malichus II (AD 40 -70 AD) son of Aretas IV. Little is known of him, but according to Josephus he sent Emperor Titus 1000 cavalry and 5000 infantry which took part in the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70.

http://www.forumancientcoins.com/catalog/indexfrm.asp
CleisthenesJan 27, 2007
DyingGaulPanorama.jpg
The Dying GaulThe Dying Gaul

"The Kingdom of Pergamum in western Asia Minor was one of the smaller states formed out of Alexander's dominions. The city of Pergamum became a center of Greek learning second only to Alexandria in importance. Moreover, under Attalus I. (241-197 B.C.) and Eumenes II. (197-159 B.C.) it developed an independent and powerful school of sculpture, of whose productions we fortunately possess numerous examples. The most famous of these is the Dying Gaul or Galatian, once erroneously called the Dying Gladiator. Hordes of Gauls had invaded Asia Minor as early as 278 B.C., and, making their headquarters in the interior, in the district afterwards known from them as Galatia, had become the terror and the scourge of the whole region. Attalus I. early in his reign gained an important victory over these fierce tribes, and this victory was commemorated by extensive groups of sculpture both at Pergamum and at Athens. The figure of the Dying Gaul belongs to this series. The statue was in the possession of Cardinal Ludovisi as early as 1633, along with a group closely allied in style, representing a Gaul and his wife, but nothing is certainly known as to the time and place of its discovery. The restorations are said to be: the tip of the nose, the left knee- pan, the toes, and the part of the plinth on which the right arm rests,[1] together with the objects on it. That the man represented is not a Greek is evident from the large hands and feet, the coarse skin, the un-Greek character of the head. That he is a Gaul is proved by several points of agreement with what is known from literary sources of the Gallic peculiarities – the moustache worn with shaven cheeks and chin, the stiff, pomaded hair growing low in the neck, the twisted collar or torque. He has been mortally wounded in battle – the wound is on the right side – and sinks with drooping head upon his shield and broken battle-horn. His death-struggle, though clearly marked, is not made violent or repulsive. With savage heroism he "consents to death, and conquers agony"(Byron, "Childe Harold" IV, 150).

Here, then, a powerful realism is united to a tragic idea, and amid all vicissitudes of taste this work has never ceased to command a profound admiration" (F. B. Tarbell, A History of [Ancient] Greek Art).

http://www.ellopos.net/elpenor/greek-texts/ancient-greece/history-of-ancient-greek-art-69.asp
CleisthenesJan 27, 2007
Galen _BiogEncyclSciTech2.jpg
Galen of Pergamum (ca. 130-ca. 200)Galen of Pergamum (ca. 130-ca. 200)

Greek physician considered second only to Hippocrates of Cos in his importance to the development of medicine, Galen performed extensive dissections and vivisections on animals. Although human dissections had fallen into disrepute, he also performed and stressed to his students the importance of human dissections. He recommended that students practice dissection as often as possible. He studied the muscles, spinal cord, heart, urinary system, and proved that the arteries are full of blood. He believed that blood originated in the liver, and sloshed back and forth through the body, passing through the heart, where it was mixed with air, by pores in the septum. Galen also introduced the spirit system, consisting of natural spirit or "pneuma" (air he thought was found in the veins), vital spirit (blood mixed with air he believed to found in the arteries), and animal spirit (which he believed to be found in the nervous system). In On the Natural Facilities, Galen minutely described his experimentation on a living dog to investigate the bladder and flow of urine. It was Galen who first introduced the notion of experimentation to medicine.

Galen believed everything in nature has a purpose, and that nature uses a single object for more than one purpose whenever possible. He maintained that "the best doctor is also a philosopher," and so advocated that medical students be well-versed in philosophy, logic, physics, and ethics. Galen and his work On the Natural Faculties remained the authority on medicine until Vesalius in the sixteenth century, even though many of his views about human anatomy were false since he had performed his dissections on pigs, Barbary apes, and dogs. Galen mistakenly maintained, for instance, that humans have a five-lobed liver (which dogs do) and that the heart had only two chambers (it has four).
http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Galen.html

Photo Credit:
Galen of Pergamum (ca. 130-ca. 200): Asimov, I. Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology; the Lives and Achievements of 1510 Great Scientists from Ancient Times to the Present, Chronologically Arranged, rev. ed. New York: NY: Avon, p. 108f, 1976.
CleisthenesJan 27, 2007
LVGsilor.JPG
ROMAN EMPIRE, Julian II siliqua LVG (Lugdunum - Lyons)Silique réduite, 360-361, C3 - A/FL CL IVLIA-NVS PP AVG - R/VOTIS/V/MVLTIS/X//LVG - RIC VIII 219, RSC 163cJan 26, 2007
rjb_phil_sest_01_07.jpg
244Philip I 244-9 AD
AE sestertius
Obv "IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG"
Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right
Rev "LIBERALITAS AVGG II SC"
Liberalitas standing left
Rome mint
RIC 180
mauseusJan 25, 2007
rjb_phil_tet1_01_07.jpg
244Philip I 244-9AD
AR tetradrachm
Antioch in Syria
Eagle standing facing, head left with wreath in mouth
Prieur 304
1 commentsmauseusJan 25, 2007
rjb_phil_tet2_01_07.jpg
244Philip I 244-9AD
AR tetradrachm
Antioch in Syria
Eagle standing right with wreath in mouth
Prieur 445
2 commentsmauseusJan 25, 2007
rjb_phil_tet3_01_07.jpg
244Philip I 244-9AD
AR tetradrachm
Antioch in Syria
Eagle standing left with wreath in mouth
Prieur 339
2 commentsmauseusJan 25, 2007
rjb_gor16_01_07.jpg
16Antoninianus
Rome mint
PM TRP II COS PP
RIC 16
1 commentsmauseusJan 25, 2007
rjb_gor200_01_07.jpg
200Antoninianus
Antioch mint
ROMAE AETERNAE
RIC 200
mauseusJan 25, 2007
rjb_gor210_01_07.jpg
210Antoninianus
Antioch mint
FORTVNA REDVX
RIC 210
mauseusJan 25, 2007
rjb_gor213_01_07.jpg
213Antoninianus
Antioch mint
ORIENS AVG
RIC 213
mauseusJan 25, 2007
rjb_gor216_01_07.jpg
216Antoninianus
Antioch mint
SAECVLI FELICITAS
RIC 216
mauseusJan 25, 2007
rjb_gor217cf_01_07.jpg
217cfAntoninianus
Antioch mint? Irregular?
VICTORIA AVG
RIC - (217cf)
2 commentsmauseusJan 25, 2007
rjb_gor5_01_07.jpg
5Antoninianus
Rome mint
VICTORIA AVG
RIC 5
1 commentsmauseusJan 25, 2007
rjb_gor52_01_07.jpg
52Antoninianus
Rome mint
CONCORDIA AVG
RIC 52
mauseusJan 25, 2007
rjb_gor83_01_07.jpg
83Antoninianus
Rome mint
AETERNITATI AVG
RIC 83
mauseusJan 25, 2007
rjb_gor84_01_07.jpg
84Antoninianus
Rome mint
IOVI STATORI
RIC 84
mauseusJan 25, 2007
rjb_gor87_01_07.jpg
87Antoninianus
Rome mint
PM TRP III COS II PP
RIC 87
mauseusJan 25, 2007
rjb_gor92_01_07.jpg
92Antoninianus
Rome mint
PM TRP IIII COS II PP
RIC 92
mauseusJan 25, 2007
rjb_gor95_01_07.jpg
95Antoninianus
Rome mint
VIRTVTI AVGVSTI
RIC 95
mauseusJan 25, 2007
rjb_gor145_01_07.jpg
145Antoninianus
Rome mint
MARS PROPVG
RIC 145
mauseusJan 25, 2007
rjb_gor172_01_07.jpg
172Antoninianus
Antioch mint
PM TRP II COS PP
RIC 172
mauseusJan 25, 2007
rjb_gor174cf_01_07.jpg
174cfAntoninianus
Antioch mint
PM TRP II COS PP
RIC - (cf 174)
mauseusJan 25, 2007
CaraStobe71.JPG
Caracalla, AE 23 DiassariaM AVRE ANTONIN
Bust laureate, right
MVNIC STOB
Nike advancing right with wreath and palm
Josifovski -, V Unlisted, R Unlisted but reverse matches unlisted die of Julia Domna
Kuzmanovic Collection 700
whitetd49Jan 25, 2007
CaraStobe70.JPG
Caracalla, AE 22 DiassariaA C M . AVR . ANTONINVS
Bust laureate, right
MVNICI STO/BENS
Nike-Nemesis advancing left with wreath and palm, wheel at her feet
Unlisted dies but obverse occurs with R186, so links to V52
whitetd49Jan 25, 2007
18651q00.jpg
Dacian Celts, Imitative of Philip III, 2nd Century B.C.Silver scyphate drachm, Dessewffy, No. 534, Group XXVIII, Fair, 1.927g, 15.7mm, obverse stylized head of Herakles right, wearing lion's head headdress, dot border; reverse PIL, Zeus enthroned left, holding a scepter in left and eagle in outstretched right, monogram left (double ax with dot above), dot border; imitative of drachm of Philip III of MacedoncwonsidlerJan 25, 2007
rjb_car535_01_07.jpg
535Carausius 287-93AD
"Denarius"
Obv "IMP CARAVSIVS PF AVG"
Laureate, draped & cuirassed bust right
Rev "ADVENTVS AVG"
Emperor on horseback left, captive at feet
London mint?
-/-/RSR
RIC 535
mauseusJan 25, 2007
valens.jpg
valensValens AE3
Obverse- D N VALENS P F AVG, bust right.
Reverse- Valens advancing w. captive and labarum.
b70Jan 24, 2007
Scipio1.jpg
ROMAN REPUBLIC, Scipio, AR DenariusScipio 46 B.C.

Obv: Q METEL PIVS
Rev: SCIPIO IMP
Jan 24, 2007
bar_kochba.jpg
Judaea, Bar Kochba RevoltBar Kochba bronze, 132-135 AD.
Obverse- Palm tree, 'Simon'.
Reverse- Vine leaf, 'year 2 of the freedom of Israel.'
Hendin-708, 24 mm, 8.4 g.
4 commentsb70Jan 23, 2007
otacilia_severa.jpg
Otacilia Severa 246-248 AD.Otacilia Severa, AR Antoninianus.
Obverse- M . OTACIL SEVERA AVG, diademed, draped bust right on crescent, hair weaved in straight lines and rows with long plait carried up the back of head.
Reverse- CONCORDIA-AVGG, Concordia seated left, patera in right hand, double cornucopiae in left.
Rome mint, RIC IV, Part III, 125c, Ex Vel Garnett Collection.
22mm x 24mm, 4.76g

Note: The "pellet” in the obverse legend appears to be more of a spacer for the engraver versus an actual device meant to be struck up on the coins themselves as this piece seems to have been struck from very fresh dies. Most likely the “pellet” is not as evident on later strikes from this die and would instead appear more like an intentional space.
1 commentsb70Jan 23, 2007
judea_capta_titus.jpg
Titus, Judea CaptaObverse- Head of Titus right.
Reverse- Nike standing right, resting foot on helmet and inscribing shield hanging from palm tree.
21mm, 7.9gr
b70Jan 23, 2007
Galba.jpg
ROMAN EMPIRE, GalbaGalba 68-69 A.D.

Obv: IMP SER GALBA AVG
Rev: DIVA AVGVSTA
RIC 4
2 commentsJan 23, 2007
Auguste Den.jpg
Roman Augustus DenariusSilver denarius, Lugdunum mint, 15-13 B.C.; obverse AVGVSTVS DIVI F, bare head right; reverse IMP XII, bull butting right.

, RIC 178a, S 1610, BMC 476
TanitJan 23, 2007
Otacilia -.jpg
Otacilia Severa SestertiusAE Sestertius
Obv: MARCIA OTACIL SEVERA AVG ;diad. and draped bust right
Rev: PVDICITIA AVG S C ; Pudicitia std. l.

C.55
TanitJan 23, 2007
trajanLG.jpg
ROMAN EMPIRE, Trajan, Denarius, Aequitas reverseAttribution: RIC 118 (RIC II)

Date: 107-111 AD

Obverse: Laureate bust right, drapery on left shoulder

Reverse: Aequitas standing with scales and cornucopia

Weight: 3.41 grams
5 commentsJan 23, 2007
Antoninus --.jpg
Roman Antoninus Pius SestertiusÆ Sestertius
Rome mint, 142 AD.

Obv.: ANTONINVS AVG PI - VS P P TR P COS III , laureate head of Antoninus Pius right.
Rev.: CONCORDIAE / S C (in ex.), Antoninus Pius, standing right on low daïs, holding Concordia, clasping hands over lighted altar with Faustina Sr. diademed and veiled, standing right on low daïs, holding sceptre; corresponding smaller male and female figures standing before, clasping hands.
RIC III 601; BMCRE 1237; Hill 480 ; Cohen 146 .
TanitJan 22, 2007
Vitel.jpg
ROMAN EMPIRE, Vitellius, DenariusVitellius 69 A.D.

Obv: A VITELLIVS IMP GERMAN
Rev: FIDES EXERCITVVM
Lugdunum Mint
RIC 53
2 commentsJan 22, 2007
Aurelius Den.jpg
Roman Marcus Aurelius DenariusAR Denarius
Obv: AVRELIVS CAESAR AVG PII FIL ; bare head r.
Rev: TR POT VIIII COS II ; Minerva stg. l., holding an owl, and leaning against a shield.

RIC 463a, C.676
TanitJan 22, 2007
Hadrian Den.jpg
Roman Hadrian DenariusAR Denarius
Obv: HADRIANVS AVG COS III PP ; bare head r.
Rev: GERMANIA ; figure of Germania stg. l. , leaning on shield and holding spear.
(Refers to the visit of Germany, ca. 121 AD)
C.802
TanitJan 22, 2007
Atilia_Saran Cr214.jpg
M. Atilius Seranus - denariusM. Atilius Saranus. 148 BC. AR Denarius, 3.54 g; obv. SARAN downwards, helmeted head of Roma right, X (mark of value = 10 asses) behind; rev. Dioscuri riding right, M. ATILI below, ROMA in linear border in exergue; Crawford 214/1bBartosz AJan 22, 2007
Thoria_Balbus Cr316.jpg
L. Thorius Balbus - denariusL. Thorius Balbus. 105 BC. AR Denarius, 3.91 g; obv. I(uno) S(ospita) M(agna) R(egina), Head of Juno wearing goat's skin; rev. Bull charging right; T above, L. THORIVS below, BALBVS in linear border in exergue; Crawford 316/1.1 commentsBartosz AJan 22, 2007
CaraStobe69.JPG
Caracalla, AE 23 DiassariaM AV ANTONINVS AVG PIVS
Radiate head, right
MVNICI STOBEN
Nike advancing left with wreath and palm
Unlisted dies, obverse die match with specimen iin Jerome Holderman's gallery.
Only three dies of Caracalla with radiate busts are listed by Josifovski but two are in error. Dupicate specimen
Kuzmanovic Collection 625
1 commentswhitetd49Jan 21, 2007
NeroTetPoppaea.jpg
1as PoppaeaWife of Nero, died 65 AD

Tetradrachm

Radiate head, right, NERW LKAU KAIS SEB GER AV
Poppaea, portrait right, POPPAIA SEBASTH, LIA to rt

Milne 209

Poppaea Sabina (AD 30-65) after AD 63 known as Poppaea Augusta Sabina and sometimes referred to as Poppaea Sabina the Younger to differentiate her from her mother of the same name, was the second wife of the Emperor Nero from AD 62. Prior to this she was the wife of the future Emperor Otho. Suetonius noted, "He married two wives after Octavia. The first was Poppaea Sabina (from AD 62), daughter of an ex-quaestor, married at that time to a Roman knight. . . . Nero doted on Poppeia, whom he married twelve days after divorcing Octavia, yet he caused her death by kicking her when she was pregnant and ill, because she complained of his coming home late from the races. She had borne him a daughter, Claudia Augusta, who died in infancy."
BlindadoJan 20, 2007
domitian~0.jpg
ROMAN EMPIRE, Domitian, AR DenariusJan 20, 2007
geta.jpg
ROMAN EMPIRE, Geta, AR denariusJan 20, 2007
hadrian~0.jpg
ROMAN EMPIRE, Hadrian, AR DenariusOne of my last -and favorite -acquisitions. I like the golden patina on the coin and the perfect portrait.1 commentsJan 20, 2007
septsever.jpg
ROMAN EMPIRE, Septimius Severus, AR DenariusJan 20, 2007
rjb_gor297a_01_07.jpg
297aSestertius
Rome mint
AETERNITATI AVG SC
RIC 297a
mauseusJan 20, 2007
rjb_gor306a_01_07.jpg
306aSestertius
Rome mint
PM TRP III COS II PP SC
RIC 306a
mauseusJan 20, 2007
rjb_gor319a_01_07.jpg
319aSestertius
Rome mint
PAX AETERNA SC
RIC 319a
mauseusJan 20, 2007
10624v.jpg
068 AD., Galba, Rome mint, Æ As, RIC 510.Galba, Rome mint, 68 AD. (November),
Æ As (26-27 mm / 10.49 g),
Obv.: SER SVLPI GALBA IMP CAESAR AVG TR P , laureate head of Galba right.
Rev.: S - C , Victoria walking left, r. holding wreath and l. palm.
RIC 510 .

my ancient coin database
2 commentsArminiusJan 20, 2007
rjb_gor112_01_07.jpg
112Denarius
Rome mint
IOVIS STATOR
RIC 112
mauseusJan 20, 2007
rjb_gor113_01_07.jpg
113Denarius
Rome mint
LAETITIA AVG N
RIC 113
mauseusJan 20, 2007
rjb_gor115_01_07.jpg
115Denarius
Rome mint
PM TRP III COS II PP
RIC 115
mauseusJan 20, 2007
rjb_gor127_01_07.jpg
127Denarius
Rome mint
DIANA LVCIFERA
RIC 127
mauseusJan 20, 2007
rjb_gor129_01_07.jpg
129Denarius
Rome mint
PIETAS AVGVSTI
RIC 129
mauseusJan 20, 2007
rjb_gor129a_01_07.jpg
129aDenarius
Rome mint
SALVS AVGVSTI
RIC 129a
mauseusJan 20, 2007
rjb_gor130_01_07.jpg
130Denarius
Rome mint
SECVRITAS PVBLICA
RIC 130
mauseusJan 20, 2007
rjb_gor131_01_07.jpg
131Denarius
Rome mint
VENVS VICTRIX
RIC 131
mauseusJan 20, 2007
rjb_gord_01_07.jpg
DeultummauseusJan 20, 2007
LucillaSestVenus.jpg
1bm LucillaWife of Lucius Verus, executed 182 AD

Sestertius
Draped bust, right, LVCILLAE AVG ANTONINI AVG F
Venus standing facing left holding apple, drawing out robe, VENUS

RIC 1767

Daughter of Marcus Aurelius and Faustina Junior, she married Lucius Verus in 164.

According to Herodian: For the present, however, the memory of his father and his respect for his advisers held Commodus in check. But then a disastrous stroke of ill fortune completely altered his previously mild, moderate disposition. It happened this way. The oldest of the emperor's sisters was Lucilla. She had formerly been married to Lucius Verus Caesar. . . . But after Lucius died, Lucilla, who retained all the privileges of her imperial position, was married by her father to Pompeianus.

Commodus, too, allowed his sister to retain the imperial honors; she continued to occupy the imperial seat at the theaters, and the sacred fire was carried before her. But when Commodus married Crispina, custom demanded that the front seat at the theater be assigned to the empress. Lucilla found this difficult to endure, and felt that any honor paid to the empress was an insult to her; but since she was well aware that her husband Pompeianus was devoted to Commodus, she told him nothing about her plans to seize control of the empire. Instead, she tested the sentiments of a wealthy young nobleman, Quadratus, with whom she was rumored to be sleeping in secret. Complaining constantly about this matter of imperial precedence, she soon persuaded the young man to set in motion a plot which brought destruction upon himself and the entire senate.

Quadratus, in selecting confederates among the prominent senators, prevailed upon Quintianus, a bold and reckless young senator, to conceal a dagger beneath his robe and, watching for a suitable time and place, to stab Commodus; as for the rest, he assured Quintianus that he would set matters straight by bribes.

But the assassin, standing in the entrance to the amphitheater (it was dark there and he hoped to escape detection), drew his dagger and shouted at Commodus that he had been sent by the Senate to kill him. Quintianus wasted time making his little speech and waving his dagger; as a result, he was seized by the emperor's bodyguards before he could strike, and died for his stupidity in revealing the plot prematurely.

This was the initial reason for the young emperor's hatred of the Senate. He took Quintianus' words to heart and, ever mindful of what his attacker had said, now considered the entire Senate his collective enemy.

This incident also gave Perennis sufficient excuse for taking action, for he was always advising the emperor to eliminate and destroy the prominent men. By confiscating their property, Perennis easily made himself the richest man of his time. After the attempt at assassination had been thoroughly investigated by the prefect, Commodus without mercy put to death his sister, all those actually involved in the plot, and any who were under the slightest suspicion as well.
3 commentsBlindadoJan 20, 2007
LVerusAsTrophies.jpg
1bl Lucius Verus161-169

As
166-167

Laureate head, right, L VERVS AVG ARM PARTH MAX
3 trophies, TR P VII IMP III[I] COS III

RIC 1464

Son of Aelius Caesar and adopted son of Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius elevated his adoptive brother to co-ruler in 161. The Parthians launched an attack against Roman Syria that it had planned before the death of Pius, and Marcus, with the agreement of the Senate, dispatched Lucius to deal with the crisis. According to the Historia Augusta, "Verus, of course, after he arrived in Syria, lived in luxury at Antioch and Daphne, although he was acclaimed imperator while waging the Parthian war through legates." This coin's reverse honors his military victory over the Parthians in 165.

The Historia Augusta describes Verus: He was physically handsome with a genial face. His beard was allowed to grow almost in Barbarian style. He was a tall man, his forehead projected somewhat above his eyebrows, so that he commanded respect. . . In speech almost halting, he was very keen on gambling, and his way of life was always extravagant.
BlindadoJan 20, 2007
FaustinaIIAsJuno.jpg
1bk Faustina JuniorWife of Marcus Aurelius. 131-176

As
Draped bust, left, FAVSTINA AVG PII AVG FIL
Juno seated left holding the three graces and scepter, peacock at feet, IVNO SC

The daughter of Antoninus Pius, wife of Aurelius, and mother of Commodus, Faustina had a box seat to witness the end of the Golden Age. She bore Aurelius at least 13 children and accompanied him on his military campaigns, yet years later had her reputation impuned for alleged adultery.

The reverse is RIC 1400, for which only right-facing busts are listed.

From Curtis Clay: "This is a rev. type that used to be very rare, even with bust right, but quite a few specimens have emerged from Bulgaria since the fall of the Iron Curtain.

I had a specimen with bust left myself, acquired from Baldwin's c. 1970, which is now in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.

A VF specimen with bust left, from the same dies as yours, was in CNG E54, 4 Dec. 2002, 145 = CNG 57, 4 April 2001, 1292.

Still an interesting and scarce reverse type, and rare with bust left, a variety that is hard to find on any Roman coin of Faustina II !" Thank you, Curtis!
BlindadoJan 20, 2007
rjb_den_01_07.jpg
286Maximianus I 286-305 AD
AE denarius
Ticinum Mint
MAXIMIANVS AVG
Laureate bust right
VTILITAS PVBLICA
Utilitas standing facing, head left
-/-//T
RIC (VI) Ticinum 27b
1 commentsmauseusJan 19, 2007
rjb_car1_01_07.jpg
893cfCarausius 287-93AD
Antoninianus
Obv “IMP CARAVSIVS P AVG”
Radiate, draped consular bust left holding eagle tipped sceptre
Rev “PAX AVG”
Pax standing left with transverse sceptre
Unmarked mint
RIC - (cf 893ff)
Obverse die duplicate in the Albert Baldwin collection (Glendinings 20-21 November 1969, pl XIII, lot 332)
mauseusJan 19, 2007
1886LG.jpg
ROMAN EMPIRE, Gordian III AR Antoninianus / Apollo reverseAttribution: RIC 89 (RIC IV, Part III), Sear 8648

Date: 242-243 AD

Obverse: IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG ; Radiate bust right

Reverse: PM TR P V COS II PP ; Apollo naked to the waist and seated, holding branch and resting left arm on lyre

Weight: 4.12 grams

ex Eden Seminary Collection
Jan 19, 2007
Louis XVIII_medal.jpg
Louis XVIII AE Medal, 1814Louis XVIII (1754 - 1793) AE Medal (copper, 32 mm), circa 1814, later restrike.
Obv.: Jugate busts of Henry IV and Louis XVIII.
Rev.: Inscription in 8 lines, thanking the people for restoring a statue of his grandfather, Henry IV.

ex Barry & Darling

$35
areichJan 19, 2007
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Belgian Numismatic Society 30mm Brass Token - 1875Belgian Numismatic Society Token (brass, 30 mm) , minted 1875.
obv.: Coat of arms.
rev.: Inscription reads "Royal Numismatic Society of Belgium - Souvenir of meeting 9th of May 1875.

ex Barry & Darling

$22
1 commentsareichJan 19, 2007
1stPhiletairosTet.jpg
[2400d] Pergamene Kingdom, Mysia, Western Asia Minor, Philetairos I, 282 - 263 B.C.Silver tetradrachm, Meydancikkale 3000, SNG Paris 1603 var, SNG Von Aulock -, SNG Cop -, VF, Pergamon mint, 16.629g, 28.1mm, 0o, c. 265 - 263 B.C. Obverse: head of Philetaerus right in taenia; Reverse: FILETAIROU downward on right, Athena enthroned left, right hand on shield before her, spear over shoulder in left, leaf above arm, bow right; high relief portrait; very rare. Ex FORVM.

This coin bears the first portrait of Philetairos, the founder of the Pergamene Kingdom, 282 -263 B.C. Hoard evidence and recent studies indicate it was struck at the end of his reign. Philetairos first struck in the name of Lysimachos, then posthumous Alexander types under Seleukos I, then Seleukos and Herakles (see coin 309p) portrait types under Antiochos I, and lastly this type with his own portrait. This same reverse was used for the Seleukos I portrait types. Philetairos' coinage is known for its magnificent realistic portraits and this coin is an excellent example. Very rare and absent from most major collections.

Attalid Dynasty(270-133 BC) - capital at Pergamum

Founded by Philetairos, the Greek secretary of Alexander the Great's general Lysimachus.

In his monograph "The Pergamene Mint Under Philetaerus" (The American Numismatic Society, No.76, 1936), Edward T. Newell notes, "The event which precipitated the end of Lysimachus' empire and resulted in the rise to power of the Attalid Dynasty, was the execution in 286-5 B.C. of his son, the heir apparent Agathocles. For Philetareus the situation had now become impossible. He belonged to the faction which had gathered about that able and much beloved young man--in opposition to the party headed by Lysimachus' wife, the ambitious Arsinoe, scheming for the preferment of her own children. So after having functioned for many years as the governor of Pergamum and the trusted guardian of the great treasure there deposited, Philetaerus was now forced to take steps for his own safety. Sometime between 284 and 282 B.C. many of the Asiatic cities and certain officers of Lysimachus openly rebelled and called upon Seleucus for aid. Philetaerus also wrote to the Syrian king, placing himself, and the treasure under his care, at the latter's disposal. Seleucus led his army, together with a large contingent of elephants, into the Asiatic provinces of Lysimachus. On the plain of Corupedium in Lydia there occurred the final and decisive battle in which, as is well known, Lysimachus lost both life and empire" (3-5).

When [Lysimachus] fell fighting Seleucus, Philetairos (a eunuch) withdrew with his commander's military war chest to a mountain fortress that ultimately became his palace acropolis of Pergamum. He gained royal recognition through his successful efforts at repulsing the Gallic invasion of western Anatolia in 270-269 BC. Philetairos drove the Gauls into the Phrygian highlands where they settled in the region thereafter known as Galatia. He became recognized by the Greek cities of the coastal region as a liberator and savior and established his hegemony over them. Since he had no children, his domain passed to the four sons of his brother, Attalus I. Normally, so many rival dynasts would have spelled disaster (as it eventually did in Syria and Egypt), but the Attalids became celebrated for their cooperation at state building. They handed the royal authority from one to another in succession and managed to elevate their realm into the top echelon of Mediterranean states.

Particularly skillful diplomacy with Rome enabled the Attalids to enjoy further success during the early second century BC. At their peak under Eumenes II, c. 190-168 BC, they controlled the entire western seaboard of Anatolia and much of Phrygian highland as well. In direct competition with the Ptolemies and the Seleucids, the Attalids succeeded at establishing Pergamum as a leading cultural center, its library second only to that of Alexandria, its sculpture, woven tapestries, and ceramics prized throughout the Mediterranean. An expressive, highly baroque style of sculpture known as the Asian school, set important trends in the Greek world and profoundly influenced artistic development at Rome. The Attalids likewise competed for control of the eastern luxury trade, relying on the overland route of the now ancient Persian Royal Road across Anatolia.

When a dynastic dispute threatened to undermine the stability of Pergamum at the end of the second century BC, King Attalus III (138-133) left his royal domain to the people of the Roman Republic in his will. His nobles were concerned about security after his passing, and to prevent a dynastic dispute (which ultimately did arise) he wrote this into his will as a form of "poison pill." At his demise in 133 BC, ambassadors brought the report of his bequest to Rome, where it was accepted and secured by military intervention. By 126 BC the royal territories of Pergamum became the Roman province of Asia, the richest of all Roman provinces.

Abusive exploitation by Roman tax collectors (publicans) induced a province-wide revolt in Asia in 88 BC (encouraged by Mithridates VI Eupator), culminating in the massacre reportedly of some 80,000 Romans, Italians, their families, and servants throughout the province. L. Cornelius Sulla restored order in 84 BC just prior to his assumption of the dictatorship at Rome. Indemnities imposed by Sulla remained burdensome throughout the following decade, but the resilience and economic vitality of the province ultimately enabled impressive recovery.

In 63 BC the Roman orator and senator, M. Tullius Cicero, stated that approximately 40% of tribute raised by the Republican empire came from Asia alone. The merger of Greco-Roman culture was probably most successfully achieved here. In the imperial era, cities such as Pergamum, Ephesus, Sardis, and Miletus ranked among the leading cultural centers of the Roman world.

http://72.14.235.104/search?q=cache:n9hG5pYVUV0J:web.ics.purdue.edu/~rauhn/hellenistic_world.htm+Philetairos&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=29

Edited by J. P. Fitzgerald, Jr.
CleisthenesJan 19, 2007
Augustus_British Museum.jpg
Augustus; September 23, 63 BC–August 19, AD 14Augustus (Latin: IMP•CAESAR•DIVI•F•AVGVSTVS; September 23, 63 BC–August 19, AD 14), known as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (English Octavian; Latin: C•IVLIVS•C•F•CAESAR•OCTAVIANVS) for the period of his life prior to 27 BC, was the first and among the most important of the Roman Emperors.CleisthenesJan 19, 2007
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The Battle of Actium, by Lorenzo A. Castro, 1672.The Battle of Actium was a naval battle of the Roman Civil War between Mark Antony and Octavian (Caesar Augustus). It was fought on September 2, 31 BC, near the Roman colony of Actium in Greece (near the modern-day city of Preveza), on the Ionian Sea. Octavian's fleet was commanded by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Antony's fleet was supported by the fleet of his lover, Cleopatra, queen of Ptolemaic Egypt. The battle was won by the forces of Octavian, whose victory led him to be titled the Princeps Augustus, and eventually to be considered the first Roman Emperor; for this reason the date of the battle is often used to mark the end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire.

CleisthenesJan 19, 2007
representation_of_a_university_class_1350_Laurentius de Voltolina.jpg
University Class, circa 1350--Laurentius de VoltolinaStudents in the front row are attentive; those near the window are chatting, and there is a student asleep in the third row-foreground. This is quite similar to my 12th grade International Baccalaureate English Literature class. As my colleague on the FORVM Disccusion Boad, G. Moneti notes, "I guess people don't change all that much after all" (http://www.forumancientcoins.com/board/index.php?topic=31329.msg219475#msg219475). CleisthenesJan 19, 2007
358px-Gaius_Marius.jpg
Gaius Marius; 157 BC–January 13, 86 BC.Gaius Marius (Latin: C·MARIVS·C·F·C·N)[1] (157 BC–January 13, 86 BC) was a Roman general and politician elected Consul an unprecedented seven times during his career. He was also noted for his dramatic reforms of Roman armies, authorizing recruitment of landless citizens and reorganizing the structure of the legions into separate cohorts.

CleisthenesJan 19, 2007
Caesar_Vercingetorix.jpg
Julius Caesar and VercingetorixTHE BATTLE OF ALESIA

Caesar describes this "battle"in his Commentaries on the war in Gaul in Book VII, “Chapters 63-90.”

The story begins in the winter of 54/53 BC when the Eburones attack and destroy the XIVth Legion. The Roman losses have been estimated to be as high as 9000 men. The atmosphere in Rome, at that time, is a politically complex and tense one for Caesar. He realizes he will not be reinforced. Before long, half of Gaul is in revolt; and for the first time individual Gallic tribes--the Senones, Parisii, Pictones, Cadurci, Turoni, Aulerci, Lemovices and Anndes--unite under the leadership of one man, Vercingetorix (Meier 317).

Vercingetorix is a charismatic, highly gifted and ambitious man. He detests the Romans but has carefully studied their tactics. Caesar, himself, comments that “in the exercise of his command Vercingetorix ‘added the utmost care to the utmost severity’” (Meier 318).

The contest between these two leaders is intriguing, and I am unable to do it justice within the confines of this thread. In his book, Caesar, Christian Meir writes not only with the authority of impressive scholarship; he carefully depicts, with the gift of a story teller, the decisions of these men.

Suffice it to say that Vercingetorix seeks temporary refuge with 80,000 men on the summit of a hill named Alesia. His position is “impregnable and impossible to take by storm” (Meier 323). Caesar sees his chance, and in an endeavor that is incredible by any standard, he builds a siege wall/trench that completely surrounds Vercingetorix’s stronghold. “The wall built by the Romans extended for fourteen kilometers, with twenty-three forts as strong points” (Meier 323).

Realizing his predicament, Vercingetorix calls for help. 250,000 Gauls march on Caesar; “the whole of Gaul was to show itself and be victorious” (Meier 324). Surrounded himself, Caesar orders his men to attempt the almost impossible: they must build another siege wall/trench that will surround their first feat of engineering. The Gauls attack Caesar on both sides, and the Romans now fight a battle on two “fronts.”

Caesar, in command of 60,000 men (10 legions or so) is seriously, numerically out numbered. And yet, because of Caesar’s ingenuity and courage; because his legions are superior warriors; perhaps, because Fortune (upon whom Caesar certainly counted) favored the brave (Virgil); and because of the Roman soldier’s other weapon—the shovel; Caesar won a stunning victory. “Few battles, says Plutarch, have been fought with such outstanding bravery and such a wealth of technical invention or ‘martial genius’” (Meier 327).

Works Cited

Meier, Christian. Caesar. London: Fontana Press: 1996.
CleisthenesJan 19, 2007
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