Roman Imperial - Post reform Tetrarchy 294-313
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Denomination: Follis
Era: 307-312 CE
Metal: AE
Obverse: IMP C MAXENTIVS P F AVG. Laureate head right.
Reverse: AETERNITAS AVG N / M OST Δ. Wolf and twins between the Dioscuri standing facing each other, their horses between
Mint: Ostia
Weight: 6.67g
Reference: RIC 16 (Ostia)
Provenance: Naumann Auction 101 lot 781
AEF.
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305-307 AD Maximian Providentia Senior AugustusDenomination: Follis
Era: 305-307 CE
Metal: AE/Billon
Obverse: DN MAXIMIANO BAEATISSIMO SEN AVG. Bust r. Lour., in imperial mantle, r. holding olive-branch, l. mappa
Reverse: PROVIDENTIA DEORVMQVIESAVGG. PTR in exergue. In fields S|F. Providentia stg r., extending r. hand to Quies, stg l, r, holding branch, l. leaning on scepter
Mint: Trier
Weight: 8.62 g.
Reference: RIC 673b (Trier Mint)
Provenance: Münzenhandlung G. Hirsch Nachfolger, Auction 372. Lot 2103
Excellent obverse portrait. Reverse hard green deposits..
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Carus Antoninianus 282-383 CEDenomination: Antoninianus
Era: 282-283 CE
Metal: AE/Billon
Obverse: IMP CARVS PF AVG. Mailed bust of Carus r. Radiate crown
Reverse: PAXE-XE-RCITI. In exergue, PXXI. Pax standing holding olive branch and standard
Mint: Ticinum
Weight: 3.29 g.
Reference: RIC 75 (Ticinum Mint)
Provenance: Munz Centrum auction, Sept 15 2021, lot 852
The history leading up to Diocletian’s historically significant reign must include the story of his rise to power. It started with the emperor Carus who made Diocletian commander of the Protectores domestici, the elite cavalry force directly attached to the Imperial household – a post that earned him the honour of a consulship in 283. As such, he took part in Carus's subsequent Persian campaign.
Carus was Killed during the successful War with Persia, leaving his sons Carinus and Numerian as the new Augusti.
Death of Numerian:
March 284 - Numerian was known to be in Emesa (Homes) Syria. It is believed to have been assassinated on his return journey to Rome. Aper, the prefect is traditionally believed to be the assasin. Coins were struck for Numerian as late as November 284
Rise of Diocletian:
November 284 -Numerian's generals and tribunes called a council for the succession, choosing Diocletian as emperor. After his accession, Diocletian and Lucius Caesonius Bassus were named as consuls in place of Carinus.
Over the winter of 284–85, Diocletian advanced west across the Balkans. His armies met Carinus's across the river Margus in Moesia. In the west, Carinus’s rule had become unpopular. When the Battle of Margus began, Carinus’s prefect Aristobulus defected. In the course of the battle, Carinus was killed by his own men. Following Diocletian's victory, both the western and the eastern armies acclaimed him as Emperor.
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Constantine FIL AVGGDenomination: Follis
Era: C. 308 CE
Metal: AE
Obverse: FL VAL CONSTANTINVS FIL AVG; Laureate head r.
Reverse: GENIO F-IL AVGG; Genius standing l., holding patera and cornucopia; -/(O/Є)//ANT•.
Mint: Antioch
Weight: 6.79 gm.
Reference: RIC 111 (Antioch)
Provenance: Naville 57, April 26, 2020. Lot 653
Comments: Scarce FIL AVG issue, struck at Antioch by Maximinus II who was also demoted to Filius Augustorum at the Carnuntum conference, but both were unaccepting of these downgrades from Caesar. The eastern mints Antioch and Alexandria under his control continued to use Nobilisimus Caesar on the coins for Maximinus. The GENIO F-IL AVGG reverse was only minted in Antioch and only for Constantine. Other mints under Galerius and Maximinus used GENIO CAESARIS and GENIO AVGVSTI reverses for either Constantine or Maximinus where the obverse ledgend designates as Filius Augustorum.
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Constantius London Mint Follis RIC 14aDenomination: Follis
Era: 297-305 CE
Metal: AE
Obverse: FL VAL CONSTANTIVS NOB C, Bust L. of Constantius cuirassed
Reverse: GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI, Genius stg. L., modius on head, naked but for chlamys over l. shoulder, r. holding patera.
Mint: London
Weight: 7.99 g.
Reference: RIC 14a
Provenance: AAMC Auction 3, July 24, 2021, lot 306; From the Caesar_Augustus collection, Ex. Frank S. Robinson Auction 110, Lot 317
Abt. EF, slight doubling on the reverse, good style portrait, substantial remaining silvering and reflective surfaces. London folles are rarely seen with so much silvering. Constantius was responsible for retaking Britain from Allectus. Cloke & Toone comment that the portraits of Constantius are much more likely to be of better, more refined style than those of the other tetrarchs.
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Diocletian Abdication issue follis - TrierDenomination: Follis
Era: C. 305-307 CE
Metal: AE
Obverse: DN DIOCLETIANO FELICISSIMO SEN AVG. Bust in imperial mantle. r. holding olive branch, l. holding mappa.
Reverse: PROVIDENTIA DEORVMQVIESAVGG. PTR in exergue. In fields S|F. Providentia stg r., extending r. hand to Quies, stg l, r, holding branch, l. leaning on scepter
Mint: Trier
Weight: 9.45g
Reference: RIC 676a (Trier)
Provenance: Jean Elsen Auction 144, lot 703, 14-MAR-20
A couple of tiny areas of vertigris, otherwise EF
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Diocletian Antoninianus Lugdunum mint 1st issue Denomination: Antoninianus
Era: 284-286 CE
Metal: AE/Billon
Obverse: IMP CC VAL DIOCLETIANVS PF AVG Draped, cuirassed bust of Diocletian wearing a radiate crown
Reverse: IOVI CONSERVAT AVG. Jupiter stg. L., holding thunderbolt and scepter. A officina mark to L.
Mint: Lugdunum
Weight: 3.88 g.
Reference:RIC 41 (Lugdunum Mint)
Provenance: Munz Centrum auction, Sept 15 2021, lot 864
Issues with the reverse "AVG" form rather than "AVGG" are believed to be during Diocletians early reign, before the elevation of Maximian as co-emperor, in 286. These coins are significantly more scarce than the later issues of Antoniniani during the early years of the tetrarchy. Per Hunter after Bastien, this is from the 1st issue of 12 issues from Lyon.
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Diocletian Follis of Aquileia, RIC 29aDenomination: Follis/Nummus
Era: c. 299 AD
Metal: AE
Obverse: IMP DIOCLETIANVS PF AVG; Laureate head of Diocletian
Reverse: SACRA MONET AVGG-ET CAESS NOSTR; Moneta stg L., r. holding scales, l. holding cornucopia
Mint: Aquileia
Weight: 11.27g.
Reference: RIC VI 29a, Aquileia
Provenance: London Coin Galleries, Denver ANA convention Coin show Purchase: August 15, 1996
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Diocletian Follis, Carthage, AfricaDenomination: Follis
Era: 307 CE
Metal: AE
Obverse: IMP DIOCLETIANVS PF AVG; Laureate head of Diocletian
Reverse: FELIX A-DV-ENTAVGG NN; Africa stdg, facing head l, ln long drapery with elephant-skin head-dress, r. holding standard, l. tusk; at feet to l, lion with captured bull. "I" to left, PKP in exergue
Mint: Carthage
Weight: 8.62 g.
Reference: RIC 23a
Provenance: CNG EAuction 491, 5-MAY-2021 lot 491
Excellent reverse type depiction of Africa, Some very minor and small areas of obverse laminations that have been expertly smoothed away.
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Diocletian IOVI CONS CAES follisDenomination: Follis
Era: C. 304-305 CE
Metal: AE
Obverse: IMP C DIOCLETIANVS PF AVG. Laureate head of Diocletion R.
Reverse: IOVI CO-NS CAES. Jupiter naked standing, facing l. with scepter in r., holding globe atop which stands small figure of victory. ALE in exergue. S|P with officina mark B above P.
Mint: Alexandria
Weight: 9.98 g
Reference: RIC 41
Provenance: Savoca Auction 93, 17 January, 2021, lot 516
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Divo Constantio. RIC 202 (Lugdunum), FollisDenomination: Follis
Era: 307 CE
Metal: AE
Obverse: DIVO CONSTANTIO AVG; Laureate bust r.
Reverse: CONSECRATIO; Eagle stg r. head up, wigs spread. PLC in exergue
Mint: Lugdunum
Weight: 9.57
Reference: RIC 202 (Lugdunum))
Provenance: Kuenker Spring Auction, 22-Mar-2021, lot 517
Fine areas of corrosion on the reverse, otherwise, GVF.
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Divus Romulus (Died 309 AD) follis Ostia mint RIC 34Denomination: Follis
Era: 309 CE
Metal: AE
Obverse: DIVO ROMVLO N V BIS CONS. Bare head right. Bare head right.
Reverse: AETERNA MEMORIAE / M OST P. Domed hexastyle temple; on roof, eagle standing right, head left.
Mint: Ostia
Weight: 7.32 g.
Reference: RIC 34
Provenance: Naumann Auction 101, 4-APR-2021, lot 781
Very sharp from early crisp die state. Slightly oval flan and reverse weakness at mintmark. Otherwise almost EF.
Romulus was born c. 306, the son of Maxentius and Valeria Maximilla, daughter of Galerius. He held two consulships with his father in 308 and 309. He died during his second consulship, so he was not much more than 3 years old at is death. Coins of three denominations (follis, half and Third follis) were struck for Romulus in the mints of Rome and Ostia.
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Early 207, Constantine as Caesar nummus, Cyzicus mintDenomination: Follis
Era: early 307 CE
Metal: AE/Billon
Obverse: FL VAL CONSTANTINVS NOB CAES Laureate head of Constantine I to right.
Reverse: GENIO AVGG ET CAESARVM NN / KΓ Genius, nude but for chlamys, standing front, head to left, wearing kalathos and holding patera, from which liquor flows, in his right hand and cornucopiae in his left. * in r. field
Mint: Cyzicus
Weight: 9.05 g.
Reference: RIC 26b (Trier Mint)
Provenance: Leu web auction 19. 2/26/2022 lot 3122
Scarce early issue of Constantine as Caesar struck at Cyzicus, an eastern mint controlled by Galerius who only begrudgingly recognized Constantine's claim. Constantine appears at Cyzicus only briefly as Caesar in 207, then disappears from this mint until 211, probably after the death of Galerius.
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Follis, Constantius I, HERCVLI VICTORIDenomination: Follis/Nummus
Era: c. 304-305
Metal: AE (silvered)
Obverse: FL VAL CONSTANTIVS NOB CAES, Laureate head right
Reverse: HERCVLI VICTORI. Hercules standing. Facing, head left, r. leaning on club, l. holding apples and with lion skin dropping from elbow. S to l, P to r. above apples, A below. ALE in exergue
Mint: Rome
Weight: 10.10g.
Reference: RIC VI 40, Alexandria
Provenance: Numismatik Naumann 81, Sept. 1, lot 610
Constantius beard with ringlets. Especially sharp reverse Hercules in good style. EF with some hints of silvering remaining.
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Galerius as Augustus Follis of TrierDenomination: Follis
Era: C. 305-307 CE
Metal: AE
Obverse: IMP MAXIMIANUS PFAVG. Cuirassed bust of maximianus r.
Reverse: GENIO POPU LIROMANI. PTR In exergue. In fields: S|F.
Mint: Trier
Weight: 10.19g
Reference: RIC 652b (Triere)
Provenance: Jean Elsen Auction 144, lot 710, 14-MAR-20
Obverse with nearly full silvering but struck from a very worn die. Reverse struck from a new die and with remarkable detail in the figure of Genio. Mint state/FDC
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Galerius, GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, mint of HeracleaDenomination: Follis
Era: C. 305-307 CE
Metal: AE
Obverse: IMP C CAL VAL MAXIMIANUS PF AVG; Laureat head of Galerius R
Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI; Genius stg, facing l. naked but for chlamys on shoulder. HTΔ mintmark
Mint: Heraclea
Weight: 10.42 g
Reference: RIC 24b
Provenance: G. Hirsch Auction 178, May 12, 1993, Lot 1142
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Gallerius Sacra Moneta, Follis of AquileiaDenomination: Follis
Era: C. 300 CE
Metal: AE
Obverse: MAXIMIANVS NOB CAES, laureate head to right
Reverse: SACRA MONETA AVGG ET CAESS NOSTR, Moneta standing to left, holding scales and cornucopiae; AQΓ in exergue
Mint: Aquileia
Weight: 10.36 g
Reference: RIC 30b (Lugdunum)
Provenance: Roma Numismatics ESale 81, lot 1518, 25-Feb-2021
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Licinius Follis - GENIO AUGUSTI, ThessalonicaDenomination: Follis
Era: C. 308-310 CE
Metal: AE
Obverse: VAL.LICINIVS PF AVG; Laureate head r.
Reverse: GENIOA-VGVSTI.;Genius stg. Head l. holding cornucopia. Mm: .SM.TS; *|Γ
Mint: Thessalonica
Weight: 6.50 g
Reference: RIC 30b (Thessalonica)
Provenance: Richard Horst, purchased 29-Oct-1988
VF
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Maxentius as Caesar - RIC VI 51a (Carthage)Denomination: Follis
Era: Late 306 AD
Metal: AE
Obverse: M AVR MAXENTIVS NOB CAES, Laureate head right
Reverse: SALVIS AVGG ET CAES FEL KART, Carthage standing facing, head left, holding up fruits in both hands; H in left field, Δ in exergue.
Mint: Carthage
Weight: 10.20 gm.
Reference: RIC VI Carthage, 51a.
Provenance: Purchased from Mike Vosper, March 28, 2019; ex Roma Numismatics E-Sale 46, lot 804 (subsequently processed, removing dirt and deposits).
RIC: “The mint of Carthage, previously administered as part of Severus’ territories, passed into new control with Maxentius’ revolt at Rome in October 306…The immediate response to Maxentius’ revolt was a coinage in gold and Aes, in which Herculius appears as the sole legitimate Augustus, styled AVG or IMP…AVG; the title ‘Caesar’ is given to Maxentius (who receives it nowhere else at all)…”
GVF. Clean smooth surfaces, with no evidence of recent surface crud removal after the sale by Roma Numismatics.
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Maxentius follis - Fides MilitumDenomination: Follis
Era: C. 308-312 CE
Metal: AE
Obverse: IMPCMAXENTIVS PFAVG Head of Maxentius laureate r.
Reverse: FIDESMI - L - I - TVMAVGN, Fides standing holding two standards. MOSTT in exergue
Mint: Ostia
Weight: 6.94 gm.
Reference: RIC 45 (Ostia)
Provenance: Heidelberger Munzhandlung Herbert Grun, Auction June 18, 2020, lot 303
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Maxentius Ostia Mint follis - RIC 52, Wolf and TwinsMaxentius Follis. Wolf and twins RIC (Ostia)
Era: C. 308-309 CE
Metal: AE
Obverse: IMP C MAXENTIVS PF AVG. Head of Maxentius r. with laurel wreath.
Reverse: SAECVLI FELICITAS AVGN. In exergue: MOSTT. Wolf and twins L.
Mint: Ostia
Weight: 6.26 gm.
Reference: RIC 52 (Ostia)
Provenance: CNG eAuction 465, April 8, 2020. Lot 529
Comments: Mottled red and brown patina, traces of deposits. VF.
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Maximianus Genio, Lugdunum RIC 108b Denomination: Follis
Era: C. 308-310 CE
Metal: AE
Obverse: IMP MAXIMIANVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust to right
Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius standing to left, holding patera over altar and cornucopiae; B in right field, PLC in exergue.
Mint: Lugdunum
Weight: 12.71 g
Reference: RIC 108b (Lugdunum)
Provenance: Roma Numismatics ESale 80, lot 1626, 4-Feb-2021
GEF
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Maximianus Herculeus - QVIES, TrierDenomination: Follis
Era: C. 307-308 CE
Metal: AE
Obverse: MAXIMIANVS P F AVG. Cuirassed Bust r. with laurel wreath.
Reverse: Quies standing in a long robe, facing, head turned to the left, holding scepters in the right branch and branch in the left.
Mint: Trier
Weight: 5.85 gm.
Reference: RIC 788 (Treveri)
Provenance: HD Rauch, 29-FEB-2020, Ex Numismatik Lanz, Nov 20, 2000
Comments: Maximianus after Carnuntum conference. QVIES indicating 2nd retirement.
EF/AEF early die state.
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Maximianus Herculeus Follis. Mint of CyzicusDenomination: Follis
Era: 284-286 CE
Metal: AE/Billon
Obverse: IMP C MAXIMIANVS AVG
Laureate head of Maximianus r.
Reverse: GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI, Genius stg. L., modius on head, naked but for chlamys over l. shoulder, r. holding patera. KЄ mintmark in exergue.
Mint: Cyzicus
Weight: 9.02 g.
Reference: RIC 12b (Kyzicus Mint)
Provenance: CNG eSale 506, Dec 15 2021, lot 456
Common Cyzicus 2nd issue from the 5th officina (ϵ) in excellent condition. Reverse is exceptional. Early die state on both sides, especially the reverse die.
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Maximianus, Genio, Aquileia mintDenomination: Follis
Era: 297-298 CE
Metal: AE/Billon
Obverse: IMP MAXIMIANVS PF AVG Laureate head of Maximianus r.
Reverse: GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI, Genius stg. L., modius on head, naked but for chlamys over l. shoulder, r. holding patera. AQP mintmark in exergue.
Mint: Aquileia
Weight: 10.09 g.
Reference: RIC 25b (Aquileia Mint)
Provenance: Leu Web Auction 18, Dec 21 2021, lot 3650
Common Aquileia issue from the first officina (P) in excellent condition. Most of the original silvering is intact. Slight doubling on the reverse.
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Maximinus follis - GENIO CAESARIS, AlexandriaDenomination: Follis
Era: C. 308 CE
Metal: AE
Obverse: GAL VAL MAXIMINVS NOB CAES; Laureate head of Maximinus r.
Reverse: GENIO CA-ESARIS; Genius with modius on head, X to l. ε K to r.; mm: ALE
Mint: Alexandria
Weight: 7.35 g
Reference:RIC 78 (Alexandria)
Provenance: Tom McKenna, purchased 6-Sep-1984
Slightly oval flan. Remaining Silvering toned rather golden. Early dies state, EF
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Severus II Follis/Nummus CarthageDenomination: Follis/Numus
Era: AD 305-306
Metal: AE
Obverse: FL VAL SEVERVS NOB CAES; Laureate head R.
Reverse: SALVIS AVGG ET CAESS FEL KART, Carthage standing facing, head left, holding up fruits in both hands; H in left field, Δ in exergue.
Mint: Carthage
Weight: 14.15g.
Reference: RIC VI Carthage 40A
Provenance: Numismatik Naumann, Esale Oct 2, 2019
Comments: Outstanding green patina, exceptional surfaces
Some weakness that is apparently striking weakness, GVF.
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