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073a. DiocletianAugustus/Co-Augustus 284-305
Dalmatian who rose to power by defeating Carinus. Established the Tetrarchy, a system of two emperors and two caesars. Although perhaps logical in theory, it faced problems relatively quickly. The machinations involving the power struggles among the augusti and caesars are much too complicated to give a thumbnail sketch, but began soon after the creation of the system and led to its collapse. Diocletian ruled the East with his capital at Nicomedia. He associated himself with Jupiter and tried to stamp out Christianity. He retired in 305 to his villa in what is now Split, Croatia, and lived until about 316.
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073a01. DiocletianLight radiate fraction. Cyzicus. 295-299 AD. Obv: IMP CC VAL DIOCLETIANVS PF AVG, radiate, draped, cuirassed bust right. Rev: CONCORDIA MI-LITVM, Emperor standing right receiving Victory on globe from Jupiter, standing left and holding sceptre. Mintmark K; Gamma; in lower center. RIC VI Cyzicus 16A.lawrence c
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073a02. DiocletianAE Follis. Antioch, 302-303 AD. 25.8mm, 10.73 g. Obv: IMP C DIOCLETIANVS PF AVG, laureate head right. Rev: GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI, Genius standing left, modius on head, naked, except for chlamys over left shoulder (falls low), holding patera from which liquid flows, and cornucopiae. A in right field. Mintmark: ANT star. RIC VI Antioch 56a.lawrence c
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073a03. DiocletianAE Follis. Aquileia. AD 299. Obv: IMP DIOCLETIANVS PF AVG, laureate head right. Rev: GENIO POPV-LI-ROMANI, Genio standing left, modius on head, naked except for chlamys over left shoulder, holding patera over tripod altar, and cornucopiae. Mintmark: AQS. RIC VI Aquileia 27a; Sear 12774.lawrence c
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073a04. DiocletianRadiate fraction. 20mm, 3.1 g. Carthage. ca AD 303. Obv: IMP C DIOCLETIANVS PF AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right. Rev: VOT-XX-FK in three lines within wreath. RIC VI Carthage 37a.lawrence c
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073a05. DiocletianAntoninianus. Ticinum mint, 288 AD. Obv: IMP C VAL DIOCLETIANVS AVG, radiate and curiassed bust right. Rev: HERCVLI CONSERVAT, Hercules standing right, holding lion skin and leaning on club set on rock. Mintmark PXXIT. RIC V 215, Cohen 133.lawrence c
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073a06. DiocletianAntoninianus, Antioch. AD 285. 22 mm, 3.8 g. Obv: IMP CC VAL DIOCLETIANVS PF AVG., radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right. Rev: IOV ET HERCV CONSER AVGG, Jupiter facing right, holding globe and sceptre, facing Hercules standing left, holding Victory on globe, club and lion's skin. A (?) in lower center. Mintmark dot XXI. RIC V-2, 323.lawrence c
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073a08. DiocletianBI Nummus. Lugdunum, AD 301-303. IMP DIOCLETIANVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust to left / GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius, wearing modius, standing to left before lighted altar, holding patera and cornucopia; B in right field, PLC in exergue. RIC VI 113a. 8.75g, 27mm. From the Rauceby Hoard, found in Lincolnshire, July 2017.. PAS ID: LIN-F6D516. BM Ref: 2017 T649. Roma Numismatics Auc 102, Lot 1155 (Nov 2022)
NOTE [Courtesy of Roma Numismatics]: Part of a hoard found in Lincolnshire in July 2017 by a metal detectorist. An archaeological excavation of the site subsequently took place on 25th July. The coins were found in a ceramic vessel which was buried in the centre of a large oval pit lined with rough quarried limestone. The pot appears to have been placed on the limestone base and then further pieces of limestone were packed around it all the way up to the top of the pit. Dr Adam Daubney, the finds liaison officer, has argued that this careful burial method suggests the pot may have been a ceremonial or votive offering and hence may be evidence of so-called 'ritual' hoarding in Roman Britain. The coins found were predominantly billon nummi dating from between AD 294 and 307-8, and is the largest fully recorded Roman find from this period in Britain.lawrence c
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074a. MaximianAugustus 285-305, 306-308 & 310
Caesar 285-286. Became co-Augustus with Diocletian as part of the Tetrarchy in 286 to 305. He was the ‘Heraclean’ Augustus in the West. He reluctantly retired in 305 along with Diocletian (and at the latter’s urging). Tried to regain power in support of his son Maxentius in 306, then tried to depose his son. He then turned against Constantine and was forced to kill himself by Constantine in 310.lawrence c
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074a01. MaximianusBI Nummus. Ticinum, AD 305. D N MAXIMIANO BAEATISSIMO SEN AVG, laureate bust to right, in imperial mantle, holding olive branch and mappa / PROVIDENTIA DEORVM QVIES AVGG, Providentia standing to right, greeting Quies standing to left, holding branch and sceptre; • in right field, S T in exergue. RIC VI 56b. 9.40g, 27mm, 12h. Roma Numismatic Auc 95, Lot 1383.lawrence c
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074a02. MaximianusBI Antoninianus. Lugdunum, AD 289. IMP C MAXIMIANVS P F AVG, radiate, helmeted and cuirassed bust to right / VIRTVTI AVGG, Hercules standing to right, crowned by Victory flying to right above, strangling lion; club behind. RIC V.2 460. 3.88g, 22mm, 6h. Roma Numismatics 100, Lot 1368.lawrence c
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074a03. MaximianusPotin Tetradrachm. Alexandria. Year 3 (287-288 AD). Obv: A K M A OVA MAΞIMIANOC CEB, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: Homonoia standing left holding branch and cornucopiae, L-Γ across fields. Milne 4855. A FORUM coin.lawrence c
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074a04. MaximianusPotin Tetradrachm. Alexandria. Year 7 291-292 AD). Obv: MAΞIMIANOC CEB, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right.
Rev: Nike flying left; star to right; LZ to left. Milne 5034. A FORUM coin.lawrence c
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074a05. MaximianusAE follis. 27.9mm, 11.05 g. Carthage mint. AD 297-298. Obv: IMP MAXIMIANVS PF AVG, laureate head right. Rev: FELIX ADVENT AVGG N N, Africa standing facing, looking left, wearing elephant-skin headdress, holding standard and elephant's tusk, lion with captured bull at feet. B in left field. Mintmark PKS. RIC VI Carthage 21b. A FORUM coin.lawrence c
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074a06. MaximianusAE radiate fraction. 20.9mm, 2.64 g. Heraclea mint. AD 295-298.
Obv: IMP C M A MAXIMIANVS PF AVG, radiate cuirassed bust right.
Rev: CONCORDIA MILITVM, Jupiter presents Victory on a globe to Maximianus, HE in lower center. RIC 14/RIC 22. A FORUM coin.lawrence c
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074a07. MaximianusAE Antoninianus. 22mm, 4.21 g. Heraclea mint. AD 286-305.
Obv: IMP C M A MAXIMIANVS PF AVG, radiate, cuirassed bust right.
Rev: CONCORDIA MILITVM, Jupiter standing left, holding sceptre, presenting Victory on globe to emperor, standing right. Δ in lower centre. Mintmark dot XXI dot. RIC V 595; Sear 13116.lawrence c
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074a08. MaximianusAntoninianus. Antioch, 285-295 AD. Obv: IMP C M AVR VAL MAXIMIANVS PF AVG, radiate, cuirassed bust right. Rev: IOV ET HERCV CONSER AVGG, Jupiter standing left, globe in right hand, sceptre in left, facing Hercules holding Victory on globe in right hand, club and lion-skin in left. Crescent over N in lower centre. Mintmark XXI. RIC V-II, 622.lawrence c
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074a09. MaximianusAE follis. Lyons. AD 301-303. Obv: IMP C MAXIMIANVS AVG, laureate, draped bust left, lionskin on left shoulder, holding club over right shoulder. Rev: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius standing left by altar, modius on head, naked but for chlamys over left shoulder, holding patera and cornucopiae. A in right field. Mintmark PLG. RIC VI Lyons 85; Bastien 148; Cohen 220.lawrence c
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074a10. MaximianusAs Senior Augustus. AE Follis. 29mm, 7.41 g. Trier mint. 305-307 AD.
Obv: D N MAXIMIANO BEATISSIMO SEN AVG, laureate bust right wearing imperial mantle, holding olive branch and mappa. Rev: PROVIDENTIA DEORVM QVIES AVGG S-F, Providentia standing right, receiving olive branch from Quies standing left, holding sceptre. Mintmark PTR. RIC 673a
COIN NOTE: First abdication (retirement) issue.lawrence c
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074a11. MaximianusAE Follis. 27mm, 8.76 g. Cyzicus mint. 297-299 AD. Obv: IMP CMA MAXIMIMANVS PF AVG, laureate head right. Rev: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius standing left, naked, but for chlamys over left shoulder (falls low), holding patera from which liquid flows and cornucopiae. Mintmark KΓ.RIC VI Cyzicus 12b; Sear 13269.lawrence c
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074a12. MaximianusAE Antoninianus.22mm, 4.21 g. Heraclea mint. AD 286-305.
Obv: IMP C M A MAXIMIANVS PF AVG, radiate, cuirassed bust right. Rev: CONCORDIA MILITVM, Jupiter standing left, holding sceptre, presenting Victory on globe to emperor, standing right. Δ in lower centre. Mintmark dot XXI dot. RIC V 595; Sear 13116.lawrence c
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074a13. MaximianusAE follis. Rome. AD 302-303. Obv: IMP C MAXIMIANVS PF AVG, laureate head right. Rev: S M VRB AVGG ET CAESS NN, Moneta standing left, holding scales in right hand and cornucopiae in left. Star in right field. Mintmark RS. RIC VI Rome 109b; Sear 13289.lawrence c
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075a. AmandusAmandus (Gnaeus Silvius Amandus) 285 A.D. - 286 A.D. Amandus, along with Quintus Valens Aelianus, were leaders of a revolt by the Bagaudae, oppressed peasants in Gaul. It took two years for Maximianus and his general, Carausius, to defeat them. They were defeated and slain c. 286, on the Marne.lawrence c
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078a. Domitius DomitianusUsurper ca.296-297
Seized control of Alexandria in 296. Diocletian sent forces against him, but in contrast to the situation with most usurpers, it required considerable time and a siege to oust Domitius, who was executed. This also marked the end of the very long lasting mintage of provincial coins in Alexandria.lawrence c
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078a01. Domitius DomitianusUsurper, AD 297-298. Potin Octadrachm(?) (23mm, 11h) (23mm, 12.23 g, 12h). Dated RY 2 (AD 297/298). Radiate head right. ΔOMITIANOC CEB. / Sarapis standing right, wearing kalathos, raising his right arm in salute, holding transverse scepter with his left hand and arm; palm frond to right, L B (date) to left. Köln –; Dattari (Savio) 10824; K&G 126.1; Emmett 4241.2. Removed from ANACS encapsulation 6202972, graded VF 20. Ex Roma E-Sale 30 (29 October 2016), lot 304. CNG Auc 534 (15 March 2023), Lot 462.lawrence c
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079a. Constantius ICaesar under Maximianus 293-305
Western emperor 305-306
Illyrian. Refused to implement Diocletian’s edict against Christians. Excellent military commander. Died in York. Father of Constantine I.
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079a01. Constantius IAE Follis. 28mm, 9.35 g. Carthage mint. 298-299 AD. Obv: CONSTANTIVS NOB CAES, laureate head right (large head type). Rev: SALVIS AVGG ET CAESS FEL KART, Carthago standing facing, head left, in long robe, holding fruits in both hands. Mintmark Gamma. RIC VI Carthage 32a.lawrence c
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079a02. Constantius IAE quarter follis. 17mm, 2.12 g. Siscia, 305-306 AD. Obv: IMP C CONSTANTIVS PF AVG, laureate head right. Rev: GENIO POP-VLI ROMANI, Genius standing left, modius on head, naked except for chlamys over left shoulder, holding patera and cornucopiae. Mintmark: SIS. RIC VI Siscia 167lawrence c
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079a03. Constantius IAE Follis. 25.3x27.2mm, 9.32 g. Trier, 296-297 AD. Obv: CONSTANTIVS NOB CAES, laureate head left. Rev: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius standing left, modius on head, naked except for chlamys over left shoulder, holding patera and cornucopiae, B to left, star to right. Mintmark TR. RIC 220a.
Coin Note: Interesting portrait that appears more humanized than most for the period.lawrence c
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079a04. Constantius IBI Nummus. Treveri, AD 305-307. IMP CONSTANTIVS P AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust to right / GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius, head towered, standing to left, holding patera and cornucopiae; S-F across fields, PTR in exergue. RIC VI 642a. 8.59g, 27mm, 6h. Roma Numismatics Auction 80, Lot 1633.lawrence c
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079a05. Constantius IPost-reform radiate. 3.571g, 20.7mm. 2nd officina, Alexandria mint, c. 296 - 297 A.D. Obv: FL VAL CONSTANTIVS NOB CAES, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right. Rev: CONCORDIA MILITVM (harmony with the soldiers), Constantius standing right confronting Jupiter standing left, Constantius holds short scepter in left hand, Jupiter presenting Victory on globe in his right hand and holding long scepter vertical in his left hand, Victory crowns Constantius with a wreath in her right hand and holds a palm frond in her left hand, B in center, ALE in exergue; from the Maxwell Hunt Collection. RIC VI Alexandria 48a, SRCV IV 14106, Cohen VII 20. A FORUM coin.lawrence c
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079b. TheodoraFlavia Maximiana Theodora. Second wife of Constantius, whom he married for political reasons. Mother of six, including Delmatius, Julian, Hannibalianus, Anastasia, and Constantia.lawrence c
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079b01. TheodoraAE 15.1mm, 1.70 g. Treveri mint. Struck before April 340 AD. Obv: FL MAX THEO-DORAE AVG, mantled bust right. Rev: PIETAS-ROMANA, Pietas standing facing, head right, holding infant to breast; Mintmark [?]TR[?]. A FORUM coin.lawrence c
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080a. GaleriusCaesar in East 293 - 305
Augustus in East 305 -311
Son of a Thracian herder. Very successful soldier and commander. Named Caesar in 293 along with Constantius. As Caesar, won major victories over the Sassanids, including seizing and sacking their capital. Became co-Augustus in 305. Weakened by Constantine and then loss of Rome to Maxentius. During much of his reign, persecution of Christians. Died 311.lawrence c
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080a01. GaleriusFollis. 6.641g, 25.2mm. 2nd officina, Thessalonica (Salonika, Greece) mint, 308 - 310 A.D. Obv: GAL MAXIMIANVS P F AVG, laureate head right. Rev: VIRTVTI EXERCITVS (to the valor of the army), Mars advancing right, transverse spear in right hand, trophy over shoulder in left, star left, B right, •SM•TS• in exergue. RIC VI Thessalonica p. 515, 37a corr., Cohen VII 231
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080a02. GaleriusAE Follis. 22mm, 7.46 g. Siscia mint. AD 308-309. Obv: IMP MAXIMIANVS PF AVG, laureate head right. Rev: GENIO AVGVSTI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae, crescent in left field, A in right field, mintmark SIS. RIC 198a.lawrence c
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080a03. GaleriusAs Caesar. AE Antoninianus, full silvering. 22mm, 3.66 g. Antioch mint.
293-295 AD. Obv: GAL VAL MAXIMIANVS NOB CAES, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right. Rev: IOVI ET HERCVLI CONS CAES, Jupiter standing right, holding long sceptre and globe, facing Hercules standing left, holding Victory, club and lion's skin; Γ between. Mintmark XXI dot. RIC V 719, Cohen 127.lawrence c
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080a04. GaleriusAE Follis. 28mm, 10.47 g. 303-305 AD. Trier mint. Obv: MAXIMIANVS NOBIL C, laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right. Rev: GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI, Genius standing left, tower on head, naked except for chlamys over left shoulder, holding patera and cornucopia. S-F across fields. Mintmark PTR. RIC VI Trier 595blawrence c
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080b. Galeria ValeriaDaughter of Diocletian and wife of Galerius. When Galerius died, in 311, Licinius was entrusted with the care of Valeria and her mother Prisca. The two women, however, fled from Licinius to Maximinus Daia. After a short time, Valeria refused the marriage proposal of Maximinus, who arrested and confined her in Syria and confiscated her properties. At the death of Maximinus, Licinius ordered the death of both women. Valeria and Prisca fled, hiding for a year, until they were recognized by residents in Thessaloniki. She and her mother were captured by Licinius' soldiers, beheaded in the central square of the city, and their bodies thrown in the sea.lawrence c
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080b01. Galeria ValeriaBI Nummus. Thessalonica, AD 308-310. GAL VALERIA AVG, diademed and draped bust to right / VENERI VICTRICI, Venus standing facing, head to left, holding apple and raising drapery over shoulder; *-B across fields, •SM•TS• in exergue. RIC VI 35. 7.01g, 25mm, 12h. Roma Numismatics Auc 105, Lot 1114.lawrence c
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080b02. Galeria ValeriaAE follis. 27mm, 6.19 g. Nicomedia. AD 308-310. Obv: GAL VAL-ERIA AVG, diademed and draped bust right. Rev: VENERI VI-CTRICI CMH, Venus standing facing, head left, holding apple and drapery. Mintmark SMNgamma. RIC VI Nicomedia 57; Sear 14595.lawrence c
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080b03. Galeria ValeriaAE Follis. 24mm, 6.22 g. Cyzicus. Obv: GAL VAL-ERIA AVG, diademed and draped bust right. Rev: VENERI V-ICTRICI, Venus standing left, holding apple; Delta - star scross fields. Mintmark MKV. RIC 58, Sear 14597.lawrence c
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081a. MaxentiusSon of Maximianus. Along with Constantine, passed over for rank of Caesar when Diocletian and Maximianus abdicated. Proclaimed emperor by soldiers in Rome in 306. Galerius refused to recognize this. Severus marched on Rome, but was defeated by Maxentius. Maxentius later defeated Galerius. Lost battle of Milvian Bridge to Constantine in 312, and drowned while trying to escape.lawrence c
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081a01. MaxentiusAE Follis. 25.5mm, 6.49 g. Rome mint. 308-310 AD. Obv: IMP C MAXENTIVS PF AVG, Laureate head right. Rev: CONSERV VRB SVAE, Roma seated facing, head left, in hexastyle temple, holding globe and sceptre, shield at side; knobs as acroteria and wreath in pediment. Mintmark RBQ. RIC 210; Sear 14987.lawrence c
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081a02. MaxentiusAE Reduced Follis. Ticinum. 24mm, 4.83 g. Obv: MAXENTIVS P F AVG, laureate head right. Rev: CONSERV VRB SVAE, Roma seated in hexastyle temple, holding globe and sceptre. Knobs as acroteria, nothing in pediment. Mintmark TT. RIC 91; Sear 14980.lawrence c
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081a03. MaxentiusAE2. 25mm, 5.07 g. Aquileia. Obv: IMP C MAXENTIVS P F AVG, laureate head right. Rev: CONSERV VRB SVAE, Roma seated left in tetrastyle temple presenting globe to Maxentius, captive seated between; wolf and twins in pediment, Victories each holding a wreath as acroteria. Mintmark AQP. RIC VI Aquileia 113; Cohen 42; Sear 14992.
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081a04. MaxentiusAE follis. 22mm, 6.57 g. Ostia mint. 309-312 AD. Obv: IMP C MAXENTIVS P F AVG, laureate head right. Rev: AETERNITAS AVG N, the Dioscuri Castor and Pollux standing facing each other, each holding sceptre and holding a horse by the bridle. Mint mark MOSTT. RIC 35; Cohen 5; Sear 14975.lawrence c
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081b. RomulusSon of Maxentius, who died about 309, probably age 3. Divus coins issued.lawrence c
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081b01. RomulusAE fraction. 16mm, 2.18 g. Rome mint. AD 310. Obv: DIVO ROMVLO NV BIS CONS, bare head right. Rev: AETERNAE MEMORIAE, domed shrine with right doot open, surmounted by eagle standing right. Mintmark RQ. RIC VI Rome 239; Sear 15053.
NOTE: Son of Maxentius who died about 309 AD, probably about age 3.lawrence c
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082a. Severus IIArmy officer from Illyria. Named Caesar by Galerius in 305. When Constantius died in 306, elevated to co-Augustus. Severus invaded Italy in 307 to quash the revolt of Maxentius. His troops deserted him, and he fled to Ravenna. Severus surrendered and was imprisoned. He later either was executed or committed suicide.lawrence c
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082a01. Severus IIAE Follis. 29.2mm, 9.17g.305-306 AD. Heraclea mint. Obv: FL VAL SEVERVS NOBIL CAES, laureate head right, divergent wreath ties.
Rev: GENIO POPV-L-I ROMANI, Genius standing left, modius on head, naked but for chalmys over left shoulder, holding patera from which liquid flows, and cornucopiae. Mintmark HTE. RIC VI Heraclea 25. A FORUM coin.lawrence c
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082a02. Severus IIAE Quarter-Follis. 18.5mm, 2.21 g. Siscia mint. 305-306 AD.
Obv: FL VAL SEVERVS NOB C, laureate head right. Rev: GENIO POP-VLI ROMANI, Genius standing left, modius on head, naked except for chlamys over left shoulder, holding patera and cornucopiae. Mintmark SIS. RIC VI Siscia 170a; Cohen 32; Sear 14645.lawrence c
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082a02a. Severus IISeverus II, as Caesar AD 305-306. Æ 1/4 Follis. FL VAL SEVERVS NOB C, laureate head right / GENIO POP-VLI ROMANI, Genius standing left, modius on head, naked except for chlamys over left shoulder, holding patera and cornucopiae. Mintmark SIS. RIC VI Siscia 170a.. 19 mm, 2.36 g. Tiber Auction 4, Lot 399lawrence c
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082a03. Severus IIAs Caesar, BI Nummus. Cyzicus, AD 305-306. FL VAL SEVERVS NOB CAES, laureate head to right / GENIO AVGG ET CAESARVM NN, Genius, wearing modius on head, standing to left, holding cornucopiae and patera, from which liquid flows; KA in exergue. RIC VI 20a. 8.37g, 27mm, 6h. Roma Numismatics Auction 89, Lot 1345.lawrence c
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083b. HelenaEither wife or concubine of Constantius and mother of Constantine. Later divorced by Constantius so that he could marry Theodora, a more political marriage. She became devoted to Christianity and given sainthood.lawrence c
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083b01. Helena
AE Follis. 19mm, 2.51 g. Treveri mint. 327-328 AD. Obv: FL HELENA-AVGVSTA, diademed bust right, wearing mantle and necklace. Rev: SECVRITAS-REIPVBLICE, Securitas standing left, lowering branch with right hand, raising hem of robe with left hand. Mintmark dot STRE. RIC 515, Sear 16594.lawrence c
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083b02. HelenaAE3. Obv: FL IVL HELENAE AVG, bust right wearing ornamental mantle and necklace, hair elaborately dressed, broad hairband. Rev: PAX PVBLICA dot, Pax standing left holding branch and transverse sceptre. Uncertain mintmark. Similar to RIC 34.lawrence c
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084a. LiciniusBorn to a Dacian peasant family. Made Western Augustus by Galerius in 308. When Galerius died in 311, split empire with Maximinus Daia. Married half-sister of Constantine. Licinius broke with Maximinus, and in war between the two, Maximinus was defeated. Licinius then split empire with Constantine. On and off again conflict emerged between the two, In 324, Constantine defeated Licinius at battles of Adrianople and Chrysopolis. Licinius initially imprisoned, but then hanged.
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084a01. LiciniusAE Follis, Ostia Mint, 22mm, 4.71 grams. Obverse: IMP LICINIVS P F AVG, Laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Licinius right.
Reverse: S P Q R OPTIMO PRINCIPI, Legionary eagle left between two standards, MOSTQ in exergue. RIC 95b.
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084a02. Licinius I AE3. 19.4 mm, 2.427 g. 2nd officina, Nicomedia (Izmit, Turkey) mint, 321 - 324 A.D. Obv: IMP C VAL LICIN LICINIVS P F AVG, radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust right. Rev: IOVI CONSERVATORI (to Jupiter the protector), Jupiter standing slightly left, nude but for chlamys over shoulders, Victory on globe presenting wreath in right hand, long eagle-topped scepter vertical in left hand, eagle standing left with wreath in beak at feet on left, in right field: X/IIΓ over bound bearded captive seated right and looking left, SMNB in exergue. Hunter V 143 (also 2nd officina), RIC VII Nicomedia 44 (R2), SRCV IV 15223, Cohen VII 74. A FORUM coin.
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084a03. Licinius IBI centenionalis. 18.5 mm, 3.08 g. Aquilea mint, AD 320. Obv: IMP LICINIVS AVG, laureate head of Licinius I right. Rev: VIRTVS EXERCIT, two bound captives seated back-to-back at foot of vexillum with banner inscribed VOT / XX in two lines; S - F / AQS. RIC VII 50.lawrence c
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084a04. Licinius IAE follis, Heraclea. Obv: IMP LICINIVS AVG, laureate, draped bust left, holding globe, sceptre and mappa. Rev: PROVIDENTIAE AVGG, campgate, six layers, three turrets, no doors, dot in right field. Mintmark SMH Δ. RIC VII Heraclea 29; Sear 15266.lawrence c
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084a05. Licinius IAE Follis. OBV: IMP LICINIVS P F AVG, laureate, cuirassed bust right. Rev: GENIO POP ROM S-F, Genius standing left, modius on head, loins draped, holding patera and cornucopiae. Mintmark PLN. RIC VII 3lawrence c
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084a06. Licinius IBI Nummus. Arelate, AD 319. IMP LICINIVS AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust to right / IOVI CONSERVATORI AVG, Emperor riding eagle to right, holding thunderbolt and sceptre; TARL in exergue. RIC VII 196. 2.84g, 17mm, 12h. Roma Numismatics Auction 88, Lot 1378.lawrence c
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084a07. Licinius I308-324 AD. Follis. 19mm, 2.80 g. Ticinum mint. Obv: IMP LICINIVS AVG. Helmeted and cuirassed bust right. Rev: VIRTVS EXERCIT / TT. Vexillum inscribed VOT/XX; bound captive to left and right. RIC 116. Naumann Auction 70, Lot 664.lawrence c
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084a08. Licinius IAE Follis. 20mm, 2.83 g. Cyzicus mint. AD 317-320. Obv: IMP LICINIVS AVG, laureate draped bust left holding mappa, orb and sceptre. Rev: IOVI CONSERVATORI AVGG, Jupiter standing left, holding Victory on a globe and sceptre, wreath left, Γ right. Mintmark SMK. RIC VII 9. Triskeles Auction 26, Lot 819.lawrence c
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084a09. Licinius IBI Nummus. Alexandria, AD 321-324. IMP C VAL LICIN LICINIVS P F AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust to right / IOVI CONSERVATORI, Jupiter standing facing, head to left, holding Victory on globe and sceptre; at feet to left, eagle standing to left, head reverted, holding wreath in beak; at feet to right, captive seated to right, head reverted; X over IIΓ in right field; SMALB in exergue. RIC VII 28. 3.45g, 20mm, 12h. Roma Numismatics 85/2361.lawrence c
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084b. Licinius IISon of Licinius. Born in 315 and named Caesar in 317. Executed by Constantine in 326lawrence c
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084b01. Licinius IIAE Follis. Cyzicus. AD 317-320. Obv: DN VAL LICIN LICINIVS NOB C, laureate, draped bust left, holding globe, mappa and sceptre. Rev: IOVI CONSER-VATORI CAESS, Jupiter standing left, chlamys across left shoulder, holding Victory on globe and sceptre. Wreath in left field, S in right field. Mintmark SMK. RIC VII Cyzicus 11; Sear 15414.lawrence c
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084b02. Licinius IIAE follis. Heraclea. AD 317. Obv: DN VAL LICIN LICINIVS NOB C, laureate, draped bust left (small bust type), holding globe, sceptre and mappa. Rev: PROVIDEN-TIAE CAESS, campgate, three turrets, six layers, no doors. Mintmark dot MHTΔ dot. RIC VII Heraclea 25 var (unlisted officina).lawrence c
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084b03. Licinius IIAs Caesar, BI Nummus. Nicomedia, AD 321-324. D N VAL LICIN LICINIVS NOB C, helmeted and cuirassed bust to left, holding spear over shoulder and shield / IOVI CONSERVATORI, Jupiter standing to left, holding Victory on globe and eagle-tipped sceptre, eagle with wreath in beak at feet to left, captive at feet to right; X above II(half-'M' symbol) in right field, SMNB in exergue. RIC VII 49 var. (bust type); Roma E-56, lot 1121. 3.05g, 19mm, 12h. Roma Numismatics Auction 88, Lot 1282.
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084b04. Licinius IICentenionalis. 3.625g, 17.5mm. Thessalonica (Salonika, Greece) mint, 318 - 319 A.D. Obv: LICINIVS IVN NOB CAES, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right. Rev: VOT V / MVLT X / CAESS / TS.A. in four lines within wreath. RIC VII Thessalonica 41 (R2), SRCV IV 15476, Cohen VII 75. A FORUM coin.lawrence c
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084b05. Licinius IIBillon centenionalis. 5th officina, Siscia (Sisak, Croatia) mint, 319-320 AD. 2.940g, 17.5mm. Obv: LICINIVS - IVN NOB C, laureate draped and cuirassed bust right; reverse VICT LAETAE PRINC PERP (joyous victory to the eternal Prince), two Victories standing confronted, together holding shield inscribed VOT / P R (vows of the Roman people) set on altar inscribed with an S, ESIS* in exergue. RIC VII Siscia 98 corr. (5th officina not listed), SRCV IV 15453, Cohen VII 51. A FORUM coin.lawrence c
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084b06. Licinius IIAE3. 318-320 AD. D N VAL LICIN LICINIVS NOB C, laureate, mantled bust right, holding globe, sceptre and mappa / PROVIDENTIAE CAESS, campgate with three turrets and no door, Δ to right. Mintmark SMHΓ. RIC VII Heraclea 49lawrence c
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084c. ConstantiaWife of Licinius, daughter of Constantius I and sister of Constantine I. She married Licinius in a political marriage when Constantine and Licinius were attempting to seal a truce. After Constantine and Licinius split, went to war, and Licinius was captured, she was unable (or perhaps unwilling) to prevent his execution. She later was very active in the Christian church.lawrence c
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085a. Maximinus IIKnown as Daza or Daia. Dacian peasant and soldier. Nephew of Galerius, who named him Caesar in 305. Fought against Licinius in 313 and lost. Died a few months after. Known for his strong anti-Christian sympathies.lawrence c
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085a01. Maximinus II DaiaAE Follis. 23.5mm, 3.79 g. London mint. 310-312 AD. Obv: IMP MAXIMINVS PF AVG, laureate & cuirassed bust right. Rev: GENIO-POP ROM, Genio standing left, tower on head, loins draped, holding patera and cornucopiae; star in right field; mintmark PLN. RIC 209blawrence c
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085a02. Maximinus II Daia
6.2mm, 7.57 g. Heraclea mint. 308-309 AD. Obv: GAL VAL MAXIMINVS NOB CAES, laureate head right. Rev: GENIO CA-ESARIS, Genius standing left, modius on head, naked except for chlamys over left shoulder (falls low), holding patera from which liquid flows and cornucopiae. Mintmark dot HTB dot. RIC VI 36,B.lawrence c
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085a03. Maximinus II DaiaAE Follis. 21.8mm, 2.50 g. Aquileia mint. 312-313 AD. Obv: IMP MAXIMINVS PF AVG, laureate head right. Rev: GENIO A-VGVSTIM, Genius standing left, modius on head, naked except for chlamys over left shoulder (falls low), holding patera and cornucopia. Tripod altar left. Mintmark AQS. RIC VI 130. A FORUM coin.lawrence c
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086a. Valerius Valens "Augustus" 316
Named as co-emperor by Licinius when he and Constantine had their first break in relations. When they reached a truce, Licinius agreed to have Valerius executed.lawrence c
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086b. Martinian"Augustus" 324
As with Valerius Valens, named by Licinius as co-emperor in his conflict with Constantine. Survived only a brief time.lawrence c
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